Robert Swan: Let's save the last pristine continent

87,484 views ・ 2015-01-13

TED


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譯者: Greg Hsiao 審譯者: Sherry Chen
00:12
Let's go south.
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往南走!
00:16
All of you are actually going south.
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事實上,你們全都走向南方,
00:22
This is the direction of south, this way,
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這是南方的方向,這邊。
00:27
and if you go 8,000 kilometers out of the back of this room,
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若你從這空間的後面 再走 8 千公里,
00:33
you will come to as far south as you can go anywhere on Earth,
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你將來到地球的最南邊,
00:38
the Pole itself.
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南極。
00:41
Now, I am not an explorer.
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我並不是個探險家,
00:45
I'm not an environmentalist.
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不是個環境論者。
00:48
I'm actually just a survivor,
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我其實是一個倖存者,
00:52
and these photographs that I'm showing you here are dangerous.
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而在此向你展示的是危險的照片;
00:57
They are the ice melt of the South and North Poles.
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這些是南極、北極的融冰。
01:03
And ladies and gentlemen,
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女士、先生們,
01:05
we need to listen to what these places are telling us,
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我們需要傾聽這些地區 要告訢我們的訊號;
01:11
and if we don't, we will end up with our own survival situation
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若不傾聽,我們將會 終結我們自己的生存,
01:18
here on planet Earth.
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在地球上的生存。
01:21
I have faced head-on these places,
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我曾親訪這些地方,
01:27
and to walk across a melting ocean of ice
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走過融化的海洋冰層
01:32
is without doubt the most frightening thing
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那無疑是最嚇人的地方,
01:35
that's ever happened to me.
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我遇過最嚇人的地方。
01:39
Antarctica is such a hopeful place.
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南極洲是如此充滿希望的地方。
01:45
It is protected by the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959.
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1959 年所簽署的南極條約保護著它;
01:52
In 1991, a 50-year agreement was entered into
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在 1991 年, 另一個 50 年的協議生效,
01:59
that stops any exploitation in Antarctica,
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停止任何南極洲的開發,
02:04
and this agreement could be altered,
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然而這協議可能被改變、
02:09
changed, modified, or even abandoned
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修改、調整、甚至廢止,
02:15
starting in the year 2041.
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從 2041 年開始。
02:21
Ladies and gentlemen,
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女士們先生們,
02:24
people already far up north from here in the Arctic
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人類已從這裡到北極
02:30
are already taking advantage
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獲得利益,
02:33
of this ice melt,
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融冰帶來的利益,
02:37
taking out resources from areas already that have been covered in ice
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奪取埋藏於冰層下的天然資源,
02:43
for the last 10, 20, 30,000,
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累積了一萬、兩萬、三萬、
02:46
100,000 years.
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十萬年的天然資源。
02:50
Can they not join the dots
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難道人們不能加入我們,
02:53
and think, "Why is the ice actually melting?"
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思考「究竟為何冰層會融化?」
02:59
This is such an amazing place,
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這真是個令人驚艷的地方,
03:03
the Antarctic, and I have worked hard
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就是南極; 而我已為此奮鬥了23年,
03:07
for the last 23 years on this mission
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就為了確保北極已發生的事,
03:12
to make sure that what's happening up here in the North
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03:16
does never happen, cannot happen in the South.
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絕不能夠發生在南極。
03:21
Where did this all begin?
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這一切從何開姶?
03:23
It began for me at the age of 11.
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這從我11歲開始。
03:26
Check out that haircut. It's a bit odd. (Laughter)
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看看這髮型,有點怪吧!(笑聲)
03:29
And at the age of 11, I was inspired by the real explorers
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11歲時,探險家們激勵了我,
03:34
to want to try to be the first to walk to both Poles.
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想要嘗試成為到訪南北極的第一人。
03:39
I found it incredibly inspiring
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我發現這真是難以置信的激勵人心,
03:43
that the idea of becoming a polar traveler
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成為極地探險家的主意,
03:47
went down pretty well with girls at parties when I was at university.
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在大學派對的女孩間是很吃得開的,
03:51
That was a bit more inspiring.
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那又更鼓舞我。
03:53
And after years, seven years of fundraising,
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多年之後,籌款七年之後,
03:57
seven years of being told no,
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被拒絕了七年之後,
04:00
seven years of being told by my family to seek counseling
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七年來被家人叫去作心理輔導、
04:06
and psychiatric help,
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精神輔助;
04:10
eventually three of us found ourselves marching to the South Geographic Pole
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終於,三名成員籌足了 前往南極的經費,
04:16
on the longest unassisted march ever made anywhere on Earth in history.
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那是地球歷史上 最長距離的無後援旅程。
04:22
In this photograph, we are standing in an area
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在這張照片中,
04:25
the size of the United States of America,
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我們站在如美國面積一樣大的冰上,
04:29
and we're on our own.
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我們靠自己站上去;
04:30
We have no radio communications, no backup.
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我們沒有通訊設備,沒有支援。
04:34
Beneath our feet, 90 percent of all the world's ice,
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在我們腳下,是全球 90% 的冰,
04:42
70 percent of all the world's fresh water.
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全球 70% 的淡水資源。
04:46
We're standing on it.
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我們正站在上面,
04:48
This is the power of Antarctica.
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這就是南極的力量!
04:52
On this journey, we faced the danger of crevasses,
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在旅途中,我們遇到裂縫的危險,
04:56
intense cold,
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極度的寒冷,
04:58
so cold that sweat turns to ice inside your clothing,
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冷到汗水在衣服內結冰、
05:04
your teeth can crack,
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牙齒可能斷裂、
05:05
water can freeze in your eyes.
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水能凍結眼睛。
05:07
Let's just say it's a bit chilly. (Laughter)
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我們說這有點冷耶! (笑聲)
05:11
And after 70 desperate days, we arrive at the South Pole.
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經過70天的磨難,我們抵達南極,
05:15
We had done it.
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我們做到了!
05:16
But something happened to me on that 70-day journey in 1986
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1986年70天旅程在我身上發生的事,
05:22
that brought me here, and it hurt.
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帶我來到這裡,那真的是很痛!
05:25
My eyes changed color in 70 days through damage.
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我的眼睛在70天中 因受損改變了顏色,
05:30
Our faces blistered out.
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我們的臉痛的要命,
05:32
The skin ripped off and we wondered why.
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皮膚都裂開了, 我們都想知道發生了什麼事。
05:37
And when we got home, we were told by NASA
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返家後, 太空總署 (NASA) 告訴我們
05:41
that a hole in the ozone had been discovered
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在臭氧層發現了一個洞,
05:44
above the South Pole,
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就在南極上空,
05:45
and we'd walked underneath it the same year it had been discovered.
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而就在那年,我們在破洞之下走著。
05:50
Ultraviolet rays down, hit the ice, bounced back, fried out the eyes,
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紫外線灑落大地,照射冰層後, 反彈回來,灼傷了眠睛、
05:56
ripped off our faces.
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撕裂了我們的臉。
06:00
It was a bit of a shock -- (Laughter) --
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那令人有點吃驚, (笑聲)
06:03
and it started me thinking.
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也使我開始思考。
06:06
In 1989, we now head north.
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在 1989 年,我們走向北方,
06:10
Sixty days, every step away from the safety of land
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在 60 天中,一步步離遠安全區域,
06:14
across a frozen ocean.
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跨越結冰的海洋;
06:16
It was desperately cold again.
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又是個極冷的地方。
06:18
Here's me coming in from washing naked at -60 Celsius.
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這是我, 從負 60 度低溫裸身洗澡回來;
06:25
And if anybody ever says to you, "I am cold" -- (Laughter) --
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如果任何人曾經跟你說過 「我很冷」,
(笑聲)
06:30
if they look like this, they are cold, definitely.
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如果他們看起來像這樣, 毫無疑問他們真的很冷。
06:36
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
06:38
And 1,000 kilometers away from the safety of land,
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在安全區域的千里之外,
06:44
disaster strikes.
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災難降臨了。
06:47
The Arctic Ocean melts beneath our feet four months before it ever had in history,
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北極海在我們腳下融化了, 就在首次被記載的四個月之前,
06:55
and we're 1,000 kilometers from safety.
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而我們卻在安全之地千里之外。
06:58
The ice is crashing around us, grinding, and I'm thinking, "Are we going to die?"
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冰層在我們附近崩塌、碎裂, 而我在想「我們的死期到了?」
07:05
But something clicked in my head on this day,
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那天,一個念頭突然閃過腦海,
07:09
as I realized we, as a world, are in a survival situation,
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我意識到, 我們著整個世界正處於存亡關頭,
07:16
and that feeling has never gone away for 25 long years.
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而那感覺在這 25 年來從未消逝。
07:21
Back then, we had to march or die.
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回到當下, 我們必須前進,不然就會死亡,
07:25
And we're not some TV survivor program.
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我們並是什麼野外生存電視節目。
07:29
When things go wrong for us, it's life or death,
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事有差錯之時,便是生死交關。
07:32
and our brave African-American Daryl,
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勇敢的非美裔同伴 ﹣ 達利,
07:35
who would become the first American to walk to the North Pole,
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即將成為第一個跨越北極的美國人,
07:39
his heel dropped off from frostbite 200 klicks out.
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他的腳跟因凍瘡了 200 公里而掉下來;
07:44
He must keep going, he does,
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他必須繼續前進,而他做到了,
07:46
and after 60 days on the ice, we stood at the North Pole.
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在 60 天的冰上旅程, 我們站到北極之上。
07:51
We had done it.
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我們做到了!
07:52
Yes, I became the first person in history stupid enough to walk to both Poles,
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是的,我成為史上第一個 笨到會跨越兩極的人,
07:57
but it was our success.
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但這正是我們的成功之處。
08:01
And sadly, on return home,
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難過的是,回家後,
08:05
it was not all fun.
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一切都不有趣了,
08:08
I became very low.
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我變得非常低落。
08:10
To succeed at something is often harder than actually making it happen.
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成功常常要比努力本身更難,
08:16
I was empty, lonely, financially destroyed.
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我空虛、孤獨、一貧如洗。
08:20
I was without hope,
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我失去了希望,
08:22
but hope came in the form of the great Jacques Cousteau,
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但希望透過偉大的 雅克•庫斯托回到我身邊,
08:26
and he inspired me to take on the 2041 mission.
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他激勵我挑戰 2041 任務。
08:31
Being Jacques, he gave me clear instructions:
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雅克給我明確的指示:
08:35
Engage the world leaders, talk to industry and business,
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跟世界領袖交手, 與產業、企業溝通,
08:39
and above all, Rob, inspire young people,
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最重要的是,鼓舞年輕人,
08:43
because they will choose the future of the preservation of Antarctica.
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因為他們將選擇 未來對於南極的保護。
08:48
For the world leaders, we've been to every world Earth Summit,
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至於世界領袖, 我們到訪每個地球高峰會,
08:52
all three of them, with our brave yacht, 2041,
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每次都帶著我們的 勇氣號帆船,2041;
08:57
twice to Rio, once in '92, once in 2012,
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二次到里約,1992 與 2012;
09:01
and for the Earth Summit in Johannesburg,
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而在約翰尼斯堡的高峰會,
09:05
we made the longest overland voyage ever made with a yacht,
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我們做了最遠的陸上航行,
09:12
13,000 kilometers around the whole of Southern Africa
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繞行整個南非一共 13000 公里,
09:17
doing our best to inspire over a million young people in person
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竭盡所能面對面鼓舞 近一百萬的年經人,
09:23
about 2041 and about their environment.
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關於2041任務以及他們的環境。
09:28
For the last 11 years, we have taken over 1,000 people,
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近 11 年以來, 我們帶領超過一千人,
09:35
people from industry and business, women and men from companies,
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產業界的人們、 企業界的男男女女、
09:38
students from all over the world, down to Antarctica,
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世界各地的學生, 一起來到南極。
09:42
and during those missions, we've managed to pull out
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在任務中,我們清除了,
09:46
over 1,500 tons of twisted metal left in Antarctica.
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超過 1500 噸 廢置在南極廢金屬;
09:51
That took eight years, and I'm so proud of it
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雖然花了8年,但我很自豪,
09:55
because we recycled all of it back here in South America.
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因為我們在南美洲 把這些全都回收再生。
10:02
I have been inspired ever since I could walk
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一直都有人鼓勵著我,
10:05
to recycle by my mum.
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每當我回到我母親身邊;
10:09
Here she is, and my mum --
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這就是我母親
10:11
(Applause) --
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(掌聲)
10:15
my mum is still recycling,
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她仍然堅持回收利用,
10:17
and as she is in her 100th year, isn't that fantastic?
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即使是在她一百歲時, 這難道不棒嗎?
10:22
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
10:25
And when -- I love my mum.
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當… 我愛我媽媽!
10:28
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
10:29
But when Mum was born,
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當我母親出生時,
10:32
the population of our planet was only 1.8 billion people,
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地球僅有18億人口,
10:39
and talking in terms of billions,
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而講到10億,
10:41
we have taken young people from industry and business
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我們帶來了產業界的年輕人,
10:44
from India, from China.
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從印度、中國。
10:46
These are game-changing nations, and will be hugely important
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這些都是改寫遊戲規則的國家,
10:52
in the decision about the preservation of the Antarctic.
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且將會對南極保育 有著極度的重要性。
10:57
Unbelievably, we've engaged and inspired women to come from the Middle East,
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難以想像,我們也鼓舞了 中東的女孩一起參與,
11:04
often for the first time they've represented their nations in Antarctica.
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常常是她們國家 第一個在南極的代表。
11:10
Fantastic people, so inspired.
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奇妙的人們, 是如此的受激勵。
11:13
To look after Antarctica,
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一起來守護南極,
11:16
you've got to first engage people with this extraordinary place,
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你定要先讓人們 親近這個不平凡的地方,
11:22
form a relationship, form a bond,
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建立關係,建立連結,
11:26
form some love.
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架構起愛!
11:29
It is such a privilege to go to Antarctica,
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前往南極就像是種特權,
11:33
I can't tell you.
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我無法言喻。
11:34
I feel so lucky,
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我感覺非常幸運,
11:36
and I've been 35 times in my life,
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我此生已到過南極 35 次;
11:39
and all those people who come with us return home as great champions,
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而跟我們同行的人, 返家後個個像是大英雄,
11:43
not only for Antarctica,
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不僅在關於南極的議題上,
11:45
but for local issues back in their own nations.
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也包括他們當地的議題。
11:49
Let's go back to where we began: the ice melt of the North and South Poles.
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回到故事的最初:南北極的融冰,
11:55
And it's not good news.
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這不是個好消息,
11:59
NASA informed us six months ago
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NASA 在 6 個月前通知我們,
12:03
that the Western Antarctic Ice Shelf is now disintegrating.
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南極西部冰棚正在分裂。
12:08
Huge areas of ice --
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巨大的冰層 ﹣
12:11
look how big Antarctica is even compared to here --
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看看南極洲與此相比有多大 ﹣
12:15
Huge areas of ice are breaking off from Antarctica,
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巨大的冰層正從南極洲裂開,
12:19
the size of small nations.
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就像個小國一樣的面積。
12:22
And NASA have calculated that the sea level will rise,
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NASA 估算海平面將會上升,
12:27
it is definite,
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無庸置疑,
12:29
by one meter in the next 100 years,
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在 100 年內升高 1 米,
12:32
the same time that my mum has been on planet Earth.
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正是我媽媽在地球上生活的年數。
12:36
It's going to happen,
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那即將發生,
12:37
and I've realized that the preservation of Antarctica
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我也意識到守護南極
12:43
and our survival here on Earth are linked.
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與人類在地球上的生存 是息息相關的。
12:48
And there is a very simple solution.
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有一個很簡單的解決方案,
12:50
If we are using more renewable energy in the real world,
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如果我們使用更多再生能源,
12:55
if we are being more efficient with the energy here,
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如果我們更有效率地使用能源,
13:01
running our energy mix in a cleaner way,
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用更乾淨的方式使用能源,
13:05
there will be no financial reason to go and exploit Antarctica.
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人們將沒有財務上的理由 前往、開發南極洲。
13:10
It won't make financial sense,
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那將會個不划算的主意,
13:12
and if we manage our energy better, we also may be able to slow down,
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如果我們更妥善地管理能源, 我們也許能夠減緩、
13:20
maybe even stop,
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甚至停止,
13:22
this great ice melt that threatens us.
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巨大融冰對人們的威脅。
13:25
It's a big challenge, and what is our response to it?
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這是個大挑戰, 而我們的回應是什麼?
13:29
We've got to go back one last time,
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我們必須再回去最後一次, [2015 - 16南極能源挑戰]
13:33
and at the end of next year,
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就在明年底,
13:34
we will go back to the South Geographic Pole,
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我們將重返地理南極,
13:38
where we arrived 30 years ago on foot,
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那正是我們 30 年 前步行所至之處,
13:43
and retrace our steps of 1,600 kilometers,
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追循我們 1600 公里的足跡;
13:48
but this time only using renewable energy to survive.
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但這次,只以再生能源存活。
13:54
We will walk across those icecaps, which far down below are melting,
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我們將走過冰帽, 那底下深處正在融化,
14:00
hopefully inspiring some solutions on that issue.
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希望激發一些解決方案!
14:05
This is my son, Barney.
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這是我兒子,巴尼。
14:07
He is coming with me.
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他將與我同行,
14:10
He is committed to walking side by side with his father,
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他承諾一步一步 跟他的父親走下去,
14:15
and what he will do is to translate these messages
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他將翻譯這些訊息,
14:19
and inspire these messages to the minds of future young leaders.
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激勵未來年輕領導者的心。
14:24
I'm extremely proud of him.
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我衷心為他感到自豪,
14:26
Good on him, Barney.
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祝巴尼好運。
14:31
Ladies and gentlemen, a survivor -- and I'm good --
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女士們先生們, 一個倖存者…我過得很好,
14:38
a survivor sees a problem and doesn't go, "Whatever."
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一個倖存者看見問題 但無論如何都不會轉身離去;
14:46
A survivor sees a problem and deals with that problem
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一個倖存者看見問題,
14:50
before it becomes a threat.
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在它變成威脅之前,解決掉它。
14:53
We have 27 years to preserve the Antarctic.
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我們有 27 年的時間來保護南極,
14:59
We all own it.
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我們共同擁有它,
15:02
We all have responsibility.
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我們都有責任。
15:05
The fact that nobody owns it maybe means that we can succeed.
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無人擁有南極 也許代表我們會成功。
15:10
Antarctica is a moral line in the snow,
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南極洲是冰雪中的道德防線,
15:15
and on one side of that line we should fight,
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在這道防線上,我們應該奮戰,
15:18
fight hard for this one beautiful, pristine place left alone on Earth.
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為了留給地球一片美麗、純樸的地方 奮戰到底!
15:24
I know it's possible.
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我知道這是可能的,
15:26
We are going to do it.
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我們將要完成它,
15:28
And I'll leave you with these words from Goethe.
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而我將歌德的這句話留給你們,
15:32
I've tried to live by them.
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我已試過用這句話活下去。
15:35
"If you can do, or dream you can,
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如果你可以做到,或夢想你能做到,
15:43
begin it now,
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現在就開始吧。
15:46
for boldness has genius, power and magic in it."
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因為勇氣帶來天份、力量與魔法。
15:53
Good luck to you all.
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祝大家好運!
15:54
Thank you very much.
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謝謝
15:56
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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