Robert Swan: Let's save the last pristine continent

87,401 views ・ 2015-01-13

TED


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Let's go south.
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All of you are actually going south.
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This is the direction of south, this way,
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and if you go 8,000 kilometers out of the back of this room,
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you will come to as far south as you can go anywhere on Earth,
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the Pole itself.
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Now, I am not an explorer.
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I'm not an environmentalist.
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I'm actually just a survivor,
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and these photographs that I'm showing you here are dangerous.
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They are the ice melt of the South and North Poles.
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And ladies and gentlemen,
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we need to listen to what these places are telling us,
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and if we don't, we will end up with our own survival situation
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here on planet Earth.
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I have faced head-on these places,
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and to walk across a melting ocean of ice
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is without doubt the most frightening thing
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that's ever happened to me.
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Antarctica is such a hopeful place.
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It is protected by the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959.
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In 1991, a 50-year agreement was entered into
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that stops any exploitation in Antarctica,
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and this agreement could be altered,
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changed, modified, or even abandoned
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starting in the year 2041.
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Ladies and gentlemen,
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people already far up north from here in the Arctic
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are already taking advantage
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of this ice melt,
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taking out resources from areas already that have been covered in ice
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for the last 10, 20, 30,000,
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100,000 years.
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Can they not join the dots
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and think, "Why is the ice actually melting?"
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This is such an amazing place,
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the Antarctic, and I have worked hard
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for the last 23 years on this mission
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to make sure that what's happening up here in the North
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does never happen, cannot happen in the South.
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Where did this all begin?
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It began for me at the age of 11.
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Check out that haircut. It's a bit odd. (Laughter)
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And at the age of 11, I was inspired by the real explorers
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to want to try to be the first to walk to both Poles.
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I found it incredibly inspiring
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that the idea of becoming a polar traveler
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went down pretty well with girls at parties when I was at university.
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That was a bit more inspiring.
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And after years, seven years of fundraising,
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seven years of being told no,
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seven years of being told by my family to seek counseling
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and psychiatric help,
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eventually three of us found ourselves marching to the South Geographic Pole
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on the longest unassisted march ever made anywhere on Earth in history.
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In this photograph, we are standing in an area
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the size of the United States of America,
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and we're on our own.
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We have no radio communications, no backup.
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Beneath our feet, 90 percent of all the world's ice,
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70 percent of all the world's fresh water.
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We're standing on it.
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This is the power of Antarctica.
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On this journey, we faced the danger of crevasses,
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intense cold,
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so cold that sweat turns to ice inside your clothing,
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your teeth can crack,
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water can freeze in your eyes.
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Let's just say it's a bit chilly. (Laughter)
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And after 70 desperate days, we arrive at the South Pole.
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We had done it.
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But something happened to me on that 70-day journey in 1986
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that brought me here, and it hurt.
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My eyes changed color in 70 days through damage.
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Our faces blistered out.
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The skin ripped off and we wondered why.
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And when we got home, we were told by NASA
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that a hole in the ozone had been discovered
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above the South Pole,
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and we'd walked underneath it the same year it had been discovered.
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Ultraviolet rays down, hit the ice, bounced back, fried out the eyes,
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ripped off our faces.
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It was a bit of a shock -- (Laughter) --
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and it started me thinking.
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In 1989, we now head north.
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Sixty days, every step away from the safety of land
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across a frozen ocean.
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It was desperately cold again.
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Here's me coming in from washing naked at -60 Celsius.
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And if anybody ever says to you, "I am cold" -- (Laughter) --
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if they look like this, they are cold, definitely.
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(Applause)
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And 1,000 kilometers away from the safety of land,
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disaster strikes.
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The Arctic Ocean melts beneath our feet four months before it ever had in history,
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and we're 1,000 kilometers from safety.
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The ice is crashing around us, grinding, and I'm thinking, "Are we going to die?"
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But something clicked in my head on this day,
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as I realized we, as a world, are in a survival situation,
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and that feeling has never gone away for 25 long years.
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Back then, we had to march or die.
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And we're not some TV survivor program.
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When things go wrong for us, it's life or death,
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and our brave African-American Daryl,
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who would become the first American to walk to the North Pole,
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his heel dropped off from frostbite 200 klicks out.
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He must keep going, he does,
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and after 60 days on the ice, we stood at the North Pole.
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We had done it.
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Yes, I became the first person in history stupid enough to walk to both Poles,
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but it was our success.
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And sadly, on return home,
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it was not all fun.
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I became very low.
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To succeed at something is often harder than actually making it happen.
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I was empty, lonely, financially destroyed.
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I was without hope,
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but hope came in the form of the great Jacques Cousteau,
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and he inspired me to take on the 2041 mission.
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Being Jacques, he gave me clear instructions:
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Engage the world leaders, talk to industry and business,
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and above all, Rob, inspire young people,
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because they will choose the future of the preservation of Antarctica.
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For the world leaders, we've been to every world Earth Summit,
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all three of them, with our brave yacht, 2041,
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twice to Rio, once in '92, once in 2012,
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and for the Earth Summit in Johannesburg,
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we made the longest overland voyage ever made with a yacht,
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13,000 kilometers around the whole of Southern Africa
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doing our best to inspire over a million young people in person
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about 2041 and about their environment.
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For the last 11 years, we have taken over 1,000 people,
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people from industry and business, women and men from companies,
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students from all over the world, down to Antarctica,
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and during those missions, we've managed to pull out
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over 1,500 tons of twisted metal left in Antarctica.
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That took eight years, and I'm so proud of it
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because we recycled all of it back here in South America.
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I have been inspired ever since I could walk
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to recycle by my mum.
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Here she is, and my mum --
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(Applause) --
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my mum is still recycling,
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and as she is in her 100th year, isn't that fantastic?
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(Applause)
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And when -- I love my mum.
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(Laughter)
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But when Mum was born,
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the population of our planet was only 1.8 billion people,
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and talking in terms of billions,
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we have taken young people from industry and business
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from India, from China.
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These are game-changing nations, and will be hugely important
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in the decision about the preservation of the Antarctic.
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Unbelievably, we've engaged and inspired women to come from the Middle East,
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often for the first time they've represented their nations in Antarctica.
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Fantastic people, so inspired.
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To look after Antarctica,
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you've got to first engage people with this extraordinary place,
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form a relationship, form a bond,
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form some love.
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It is such a privilege to go to Antarctica,
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I can't tell you.
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I feel so lucky,
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and I've been 35 times in my life,
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and all those people who come with us return home as great champions,
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not only for Antarctica,
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but for local issues back in their own nations.
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Let's go back to where we began: the ice melt of the North and South Poles.
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And it's not good news.
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NASA informed us six months ago
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that the Western Antarctic Ice Shelf is now disintegrating.
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Huge areas of ice --
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look how big Antarctica is even compared to here --
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Huge areas of ice are breaking off from Antarctica,
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the size of small nations.
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And NASA have calculated that the sea level will rise,
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it is definite,
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by one meter in the next 100 years,
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the same time that my mum has been on planet Earth.
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It's going to happen,
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and I've realized that the preservation of Antarctica
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and our survival here on Earth are linked.
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And there is a very simple solution.
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If we are using more renewable energy in the real world,
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if we are being more efficient with the energy here,
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running our energy mix in a cleaner way,
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there will be no financial reason to go and exploit Antarctica.
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It won't make financial sense,
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and if we manage our energy better, we also may be able to slow down,
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maybe even stop,
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this great ice melt that threatens us.
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It's a big challenge, and what is our response to it?
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We've got to go back one last time,
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and at the end of next year,
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we will go back to the South Geographic Pole,
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where we arrived 30 years ago on foot,
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and retrace our steps of 1,600 kilometers,
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but this time only using renewable energy to survive.
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We will walk across those icecaps, which far down below are melting,
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hopefully inspiring some solutions on that issue.
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This is my son, Barney.
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He is coming with me.
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He is committed to walking side by side with his father,
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and what he will do is to translate these messages
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and inspire these messages to the minds of future young leaders.
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I'm extremely proud of him.
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Good on him, Barney.
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Ladies and gentlemen, a survivor -- and I'm good --
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a survivor sees a problem and doesn't go, "Whatever."
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A survivor sees a problem and deals with that problem
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before it becomes a threat.
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We have 27 years to preserve the Antarctic.
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We all own it.
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We all have responsibility.
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The fact that nobody owns it maybe means that we can succeed.
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Antarctica is a moral line in the snow,
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and on one side of that line we should fight,
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fight hard for this one beautiful, pristine place left alone on Earth.
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I know it's possible.
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We are going to do it.
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And I'll leave you with these words from Goethe.
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I've tried to live by them.
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"If you can do, or dream you can,
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begin it now,
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for boldness has genius, power and magic in it."
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Good luck to you all.
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Thank you very much.
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(Applause)
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