How Arduino is open-sourcing imagination | Massimo Banzi

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

翻译人员: Rachel Zeng 校对人员: Yuguo Zhang

So a few weeks ago, a friend

几个星期前，我的一个朋友

of mine gave this toy car to his

送了一辆玩具车

8-year-old son.

给他8岁的儿子

But instead of going into a store and buying one,

这样的礼物我们通常都是去商场买

like we do normally, he went to this

但他没有，而是从这个网站

website and he downloaded

下载了一个文件

a file, and then he printed it

然后把这个玩具车

on this printer.

用这台打印机给打印了出来

So this idea that you can

像这样

manufacture objects

用电子设备创作东西

digitally using these machines

的理念

is something that The Economist magazine

《经济学人》杂志称其为

defined as the Third Industrial Revolution.

第三次工业革命

Actually, I argue that there is another revolution

但我认为现在我们还经历着另一场革命

going on, and it's the one that has to do with

一场涉及

open-source hardware and the maker's movement,

开源硬件和创客的运动

because the printer that my friend used

因为我的朋友使用的这台打印机

to print the toy is actually open-source.

实际上就是开源的

So you go to the same website, you can download all the files

任何人去这一网站都可以下载

that you need in order to make that printer:

制作这台打印机所需要的各种文件：

the construction files, the hardware, the software,

施工文件、 硬件、 软件

all the instruction is there.

各种帮助都可以在网上找到

And also this is part of a large

这是一个很大的在线社区

community where there are thousands of people

世界各地成千上万的人

around the world that are actually

都聚集在这里

making these kinds of printers,

制作像这样的打印机

and there's a lot of innovation

创新时刻都在发生

happening because it's all open-source.

因为一切都是开源的

You don't need anybody's permission to create something great.

你不需要征求任何人的同意，就可以制作很棒的东西

And that space is like

这种市场的问世

the personal computer in 1976,

就像1976年个人电脑问世一样

like the Apples with the other companies are fighting,

苹果公司和其他电脑公司互相竞争

and we will see in a few years,

几年后我们也会看到

there will be the Apple of this kind of market come out.

这种市场中的苹果公司出现

Well, there's also another interesting thing.

同样有趣的是

I said the electronics are open-source, because at the heart

就像我说的，所有的电子组件都是开源的

of this printer there is something I'm really attached to:

这台机器的关键组件 是我个人最为关心的

these Arduino boards, the motherboard that sort of

Arduino主板 这台打印机的核心部分

powers this printer, is a project

这是我的一个项目

I've been working on for the past seven years.

已经开展七年了

It's an open-source project.

是一个开源项目

I worked with these friends of mine that I have here.

我和这些朋友一起合作

So the five of us, two Americans, two Italians

一共五个人，两个美国人，两个意大利人

and a Spaniard, we — (Laughter)

一个西班牙人(也指一种植物)

You know, it's a worldwide project. (Laughter)

这确实，是一个全球项目

So we came together in this

我们都在（意大利）伊夫雷亚

design institute called the Interaction Design Institute

互动设计研究所工作

Ivrea, which was teaching

这个研究所

interaction design, this idea that you can take

研究的是如何

design from the simple shape

设计出

of an object and you can move it

形状简单

forward to design the way you interact with things.

但能够与人互动的设备

Well, when you design an object that's supposed to interact

这种设备

with a human being, if you make a foam model

能够与人互动

of a mobile phone, it doesn't make any sense.

如果仅仅制作一个手机的泡沫模型，这没什么意义

You have to have something that

我们制作出来的东西

actually interacts with people.

要与人互动才有意义

So, we worked on Arduino and

因此，我们开发了Arduino

a lot of other projects there to

以及其他一些项目

create platforms that would be

这就给我们的学生建立了简易的平台

simple for our students to use,

方便他们使用

so that our students could just build things that worked,

让他们有机会制作一些实用的东西

but they don't have five years to become an electronics engineer. We have one month.

不过他们没有五年的时间成为电子工程师，我们只有一个月时间

So how do I make something that even a kid can use?

那么，如何制作一个孩子都能用的东西呢？

And actually, with Arduino,

实际上，在Arduino的帮助下

we have kids like Sylvia that you see here,

像你看到的这个孩子Sylvia

that actually make projects with Arduino.

就能做出自己的东西

I have 11-year-old kids stop me and show me

才11岁的孩子

stuff they built for Arduino that's really

就能用Arduino做东西

scary to see the capabilities

我感觉，一旦给了这些孩子工具

that kids have when you give them the tools.

他们表现出来的能力真的让人有些害怕

So let's look at what happens when you make a tool

让我们看看一些实例

that anybody can just pick up and build something quickly,

有了这样一个工具 任何人都可以

so one of the examples that I like to sort of

在它的帮助下很快制作想要的东西

kick off this discussion is this

先看第一个例子

example of this cat feeder.

这是一个给猫咪喂食的容器

The gentleman who made this project had two cats.

这个设计的主人有两只猫

One was sick and the other one

其中有一只生病了

was healthy, so he had to make

所以他必须让它们

sure they ate the proper food.

分开吃东西

So he made this thing that recognizes the cat

于是他设计了这个装置

from a chip mounted inside

通过猫咪项圈内安装的芯片

on the collar of the cat, and opens the door

识别猫咪身份

and the cat can eat the food.

然后开门让猫咪吃东西

This is made by recycling an old CD player

这个装置使用了一张用过的CD播放器

that you can get from an old computer,

从一台旧电脑拆下来的

some cardboard, tape, couple of sensors, a few blinking LEDs,

还有一些纸板、胶带、几个传感器和闪烁的LED显示屏

and then suddenly you have a tool. You build something

就制作好了这样一个工具

that you cannot find on the market.

一个市场上买不到的东西

And I like this phrase: "Scratch your own itch."

有句话说的好：“挠自己的痒”

If you have an idea, you just go and you make it.

如果有自己的想法，就得动手去实现

This is the equivalent of sketching on paper

这就像在纸上画画一样

done with electronics.

只不过是用电子装置完成的

So one of the features that I

这个项目

think is important about our work

很重要的一个特点

is that our hardware, on top of

在于硬件

being made with love in Italy —

当然首先是意大利倾情制造的

as you can see from the

从电路的背面

back of the circuit — (Laughter)

可以看到

is that it's open,

更重要的是它是开源的

so we publish all the design

我们把所有的设计文件

files for the circuit online,

都发布在网上

so you can download it and

任何人都可以下载

you can actually use it to

在指引下进行制作

make something, or to modify, to learn.

或者改装，学习

You know, when I was learning about programming,

我当初学习编程的时候

I learned by looking at other people's code,

就是通过看其他人的代码学习的

or looking at other people's circuits in magazines.

或看其他人发表在杂志上的电路图

And this is a good way to learn,

通过看其他人的作品来学习

by looking at other people's work.

这是一种很好的学习方式

So the different elements of the project are all open,

这个项目的各个组件都是开源的

so the hardware is released

比如硬件

with a Creative Commons license.

就是在“知识共享许可协议”下公开发布的

So, you know, I like this idea that hardware becomes

我喜欢这种理念

like a piece of culture that you share

把硬件作为文化的一部分供大家分享和使用

and you build upon, like it was

就像歌曲或诗歌一样

a song or a poem with Creative Commons.

只不过拥有“知识共享”认证

Or, the software is GPL, so it's open-source as well.

另外，软件通过“通用公共许可”发布，也是开源的

The documentation and the hands-on teaching

各种文件和动手教学资源

methodology is also open-source and released as the Creative Commons.

都是开源的，遵循“知识共享许可协议”

Just the name is protected so

这个协议只对项目的名称起保护作用

that we can make sure that we can tell people

便于我们能告诉大家

what is Arduino and what isn't.

Arduino到底是什么

Now, Arduino itself is made of

目前，Arduino包含

a lot of different open-source components

很多不同的开源组件

that maybe individually are hard to use for

这些组件拆开来对于一个12岁的孩子使用起来太难了

a 12-year-old kid, so Arduino

所以Arduino

wraps everything together into

将这些组件组合成在一起

a mashup of open-source technologies

呈现出一个整体的开源工具

where we try to give them the

让用户们很快就能做好一个东西

best user experience to get something done quickly.

给他们最好的用户体验

So you have situations like this,

让我们看看一些例子

where some people in Chile

在智利，一些用户

decided to make their own boards instead of buying them,

决定自己制作电路板，而不去商店买

to organize a workshop and

建立自己的工作间

to save money. Or there are

或者为了省钱

companies that make their own

也有一些公司对Arduino

variations of Arduino that fit

做出一些修改

in a certain market, and there's

以迎合某个市场的需要

probably, maybe like a 150 of them

像这样的改装

or something at the moment.

目前大概有150个

This one is made by a company

比如这个

called Adafruit, which is run by

由一家名叫Adafruit的公司制造

this woman called Limor Fried,

公司老板是一位名叫Limor Fried的女人

also known as Ladyada, who is

人们也称她Ladyada

one of the heroes of the open-source hardware movement

她是开源硬件活动和创客活动的

and the maker movement.

领军人物之一

So, this idea that you have a new, sort of

这是一种新兴的理念

turbo-charged DIY community

在一个活跃的DIY社区里

that believes in open-source,

人们提倡开源

in collaboration, collaborates

与合作

online, collaborates in different spaces.

不同地区的人聚集在一起在网上共事

There is this magazine called Make that sort of gathered

这是一本叫《Make》的杂志

all these people and sort of put them together

让很多志趣相投的人

as a community, and you see

走到一起组成一个社区

a very technical project explained in a

在这里，复杂的项目

very simple language, beautifully typeset.

通过简单易懂的语言展示出来，板式也很漂亮

Or you have websites,

也有一些网站，比如这个

like this one, like Instructables,

名叫Instructables

where people actually teach each other about anything.

人们在这里互相教学

So this one is about Arduino projects,

我们现在看到的页面

the page you see on the screen, but effectively here you can

正是关于Arduino项目的

learn how to make a cake and everything else.

其实在这个网站你可以学到各式各样的东西，比如做蛋糕

So let's look at some projects.

现在让我们看看其他例子

So this one is a quadcopter.

这是一个四轴飞行器

It's a small model helicopter.

一个小型的直升机模型

In a way, it's a toy, no?

差不多是个玩具吧

And so this one was military technology

几年前这还是军方掌握的技术

a few years ago, and now it's

现在已经开源了

open-source, easy to use, you can buy it online.

使用方便，网上都买的到

DIY Drones is the community; they do this thing called ArduCopter.

这个网站叫DIY Drones，他们设计了一种叫ArduCopter的飞行器

But then somebody actually launched this start-up called

后来有人搞了一个叫Matternet的创业项目

Matternet, where they figured out that you could

他们发现

use this to actually transport

可以用这个飞行器

things from one village to another in Africa,

在非洲的村庄间运送物资

and the fact that this was easy to find,

正是因为资料好找

open-source, easy to hack, enabled them

都是开源的，且易上手

to prototype their company really quickly.

他们很快便成立了公司

Or, other projects. Matt Richardson: I'm getting a little sick

同样，看看这个项目

of hearing about the same people on TV over and over and over

“老是听这些人出现在电视里讲话”

again, so I decided to do something about it.

“烦死我了，所以我决定采取点行动“

This Arduino project,

”于是我做了这个Arduino项目”

which I call the Enough Already, will mute the TV anytime

“我把它叫做“够了！”

any of these over-exposed

“它能在这些上镜频率过高的人出现的时候”

personalities is mentioned. (Laughter)

“自动将电视静音”

I'll show you how I made it. (Applause)

“我来演示一下这是怎么做的”

MB: Check this out.

仔细听

MR: Our producers caught up with Kim Kardashian earlier

“我们的制片人今天碰到Kim Kardashian（美国娱乐界名媛）”

today to find out what she was planning on wearing to her —

“了解到她将穿什么去参加——”

MB: Eh? (Laughter)

咦？

MR: It should do a pretty good

“这个效果不错”

job of protecting our ears from having to hear about the details

“让我们不必听到关于Kim Kardashian”

of Kim Kardashian's wedding.

“婚礼的细节”

MB: Okay. So, you know, again, what is interesting here

好。有趣的是

is that Matt found this module

Matt找到了一个模块

that lets Arduino process

可以让Arduino处理电视信号

TV signals, he found some code

同时他还找到了别人写的一些代码

written by somebody else that generates infrared signals for the TV,

这些代码可以向电视传送红外信号

put it together and then created this great project.

他把找到的这些东西组合在一起，做了这个有趣的东西

It's also used, Arduino's used,

当然，Arduino也用在

in serious places like, you know, the Large Hadron Collider.

一些正式的地方，比如大型强子对撞机

There's some Arduino balls collecting data and sort of

这里有Arduino的部件 在进行一些数据收集

measuring some parameters.

以及参数测量的工作

Or it's used for —

还可以用在这里

(Music)

（音乐）

So this is a musical interface

这是一个音乐互动媒体

built by a student from Italy,

一个意大利学生制作的

and he's now turning this into

目前他正准备将它商业化

a product. Because it was a

这是一个例子

student project becoming a product.

学生的项目转变为了产品

Or it can be used to make an assistive device.

另外一个例子。这是一个辅助装置

This is a glove that understands

这个手套能够识别手语

the sign language and transforms

能将人作出的手势

the gestures you make into sounds

转化成声音

and writes the words that you're signing on a display

还可以把字显示在自带的屏幕上

And again, this is made of all different parts you can find

同样，这也是靠不同部件组成的

on all the websites that sell Arduino-compatible parts,

这些部件和Arduino兼容 都能在网上买到

and you assemble it into a project.

组合在一起便是成品

Or this is a project from the ITP part of NYU,

这是一个纽约大学艺术学院互动媒体中心的项目

where they met with this boy

这个男孩由于身体有缺陷

who has a severe disability, cannot play with the PS3,

不能玩PS3

so they built this device that

于是项目组制作了该工具

allows the kid to play baseball

让这孩子能够玩棒球

although he has limited

克服了他自身的

movement capability.

行动缺陷

Or you can find it in arts projects.

另外，也有在艺术方面的应用

So this is the txtBomber.

这是一台叫txtBomber（“文字炸弹”）的机器

So you put a message into this device

将信息输进这台机器

and then you roll it on the wall, and it basically

然后将其滚过墙面

has all these solenoids

因为它带有电导管

pressing the buttons on spray cans,

能触发喷雾开关

so you just pull it over a wall

所以只需要将它在墙上一拉过去

and it just writes on the wall

字就自动写在了墙上

all the political messages.

这是一些政治宣言

So, yeah. (Applause)

对

Then we have this plant here.

再看看这颗植物

This is called Botanicalls,

这叫“植物人”

because there's an Arduino ball with a Wi-Fi module

这里有一个Arduino组件，带有WI-FI功能

in the plant, and it's measuring

附于这颗植物上

the well-being of the plant,

测量它的生长情况

and it's creating a Twitter account

同时它连接着一个推特账号

where you can actually interact with the plant. (Laughter)

所以我们实际上可以和这颗植物互动

So, you know, this plant

比如，它会说

will start to say, "This is really hot," or

“天气真热”

there's a lot of, you know, "I need water right now." (Laughter)

或者“我现在想喝水”

So it just gives a personality to your plant.

这就让这颗植物变得很有个性

Or this is something that twitters when the

另外，这个装置也连接着推特账号

baby inside the belly of a

孕妇穿着它，当宝宝踢动的时候

pregnant woman kicks. (Laughter)

会自动推出信息

Or this is a 14-year-old kid in

这个来自智利的14岁男孩

Chile who made a system that

做了一个系统

detects earthquakes and publishes on Twitter.

可以检测地震并在推特上发布消息

He has 280,000 followers.

他的推特上有28万粉丝

He's 14 and he anticipated

他的年纪只有14岁

a governmental project by one year. (Applause)

当地政府一年后才跟上他，发布了类似系统

Or again, another project where,

再看这个

by analyzing the Twitter feed

该装置可以分析

of a family, you can basically

一家人各自的推特状况

point where they are, like in the "Harry Potter" movie.

让你知道他们在干嘛，比如在看《哈利波特》

So you can find out everything about this project on the website.

关于此项目更多信息可以在此网站上查看

Or somebody made a chair that twitters when somebody farts. (Laughter)

还有人做了一个当人放屁时发推特消息的椅子

It's interesting how, in 2009,

非常有趣

Gizmodo basically defined,

2009年Gizmodo（著名科技网站）

said that this project actually gives a meaning to Twitter,

评价这个东西让推特有了全新的意义

so it was — a lot changed in between. (Laughter)

所以——当然到现在很多事情都变了

So very serious project.

现在我们来看一个严肃的项目

When the Fukushima disaster happened,

日本福岛核事故发生时

a bunch of people in Japan, they realized that the information

日本的一些人认为政府

that the government was giving wasn't really open

没有做到信息的完全公开

and really reliable, so they built

发布的信息也不可靠

this Geiger counter, plus Arduino, plus network

于是他们设计了这个带有Arduino模块和网络连接的盖革计数器（一种用于探测电离辐射的粒子探测器）

interface. They made 100

做了100个这样的设备

of them and gave them to people around Japan, and essentially

发放到日本各地的人手上

the data that they gathered gets published on this website

把这些人收集的信息汇集在

called Cosm, another website

一个叫Cosm的网站上

they built, so you can actually get reliable real-time

这样人们就可以看到

information from the field,

来自实地的实时信息

and you can get unbiased information.

并且信息更加可靠

Or this machine here, it's from

现在我们看到的这台机器

the DIY bio movement,

来自DIY生物科技运动

and it's one of the steps that you need in order to process DNA,

它能完成DNA分析处理所必需的一个步骤

and again, it's completely open-source from the ground up.

这台仪器从头到尾都是开源的

Or you have students in developing countries making

另外，一些发展中国家地区的学生们

replicas of scientific instruments that cost

自己制作科学仪器

a lot of money to make.

这些仪器很昂贵

Actually they just build them themselves for a lot less

但他们自己组装则不用花那么钱

using Arduino and a few parts.

只需用到Arduino和另外一些部件

This is a pH probe.

这是一个pH值探针

Or you get kids, like these kids, they're from Spain.

再看看这些来自西班牙的孩子

They learned how to program and to make robots when they

他们学会编程制作机器人

were probably, like, 11, and then they started to use Arduino

大概也就是11岁的样子

to make these robots that play football. They became

后来他们用Arduino让这些机器人踢足球

world champions by making an Arduino-based robot.

他们制作基于Arduino的机器人，在国际上赢得了大奖

And so when we had to make

当时我们

our own educational robot, we just went to them and said,

需要教学用的机器人，于是就告诉他们

you know, "You design it, because you know exactly

“你们来设计，因为你们很清楚”

what is needed to make a great robot that excites kids."

“什么样的机器人能让孩子们兴奋起来”

Not me. I'm an old guy.

我就不行了，我一个老头

What am I supposed to excite, huh? (Laughter)

怎么能让人兴奋？(笑声)

But as I — in terms of educational assets. (Laughter)

我指的是教育意义上的 (笑声)

There's also companies like Google

也有一些公司，比如谷歌

that are using the technology

他们用这项技术

to create interfaces between

在手机、掌上电脑

mobile phones, tablets and the real world.

和现实世界之间建立起联系

So the Accessory Development Kit

这个开发套件来自谷歌

from Google is open-source

同样也是开源的

and based on Arduino, as opposed

并且基于Arduino

to the one from Apple which is

而苹果公司的产品

closed-source, NDA, sign your

则是非开源的，受保密协议保护

life to Apple. Here you are.

要跟苹果公司签合同

There's a giant maze, and Joey's sitting there, and the

这是一个巨型迷宫

maze is moving when you tilt the tablet.

乔伊坐在那里，摇摆手中的平板电脑，迷宫也跟着摆动

Also, I come from Italy, and the design is important

我来自意大利，设计在意大利很重要

in Italy, and yet very conservative.

但同时也非常保守

So we worked with a design

我们和米兰一家

studio called Habits, in Milan,

叫做Habits的公司合作

to make this mirror, which is completely open-source.

制作了这个镜子，当然也是完全开源的

This doubles also as an iPod speaker.

这面镜子也是一个iPod音乐播放器的扬声器

So the idea is that the hardware, the software,

总结起来，这种开源理念

the design of the object, the fabrication,

从设计到制作

everything about this project is open-source

所有都是开源的

and you can make it yourself.

大家可以自己动手制作

So we want other designers to pick this up and learn how

我们希望其他创客也能这样

to make great devices, to learn

通过这种方式来学习

how to make interactive products

制作互动产品

by starting from something real.

制作一个实在的东西

But when you have this idea,

但有了创造的想法后

you know, what happens to all these ideas?

接下来怎么做呢？

There's, like, thousands of ideas that I —

这样的想法成千上万

You know, it would take seven hours for me to do

我要全部讲完得花7个小时

all the presentations.

不过

I will not take all the seven hours. Thank you.

我不会占用7个小时的，谢谢

But let's start from this example:

我们以这个例子来说吧

So, the group of people

有这么一群人

that started this company called Pebble, they prototyped

他们创立了Pebble公司

a watch that communicates via Bluetooth with your phone,

设计了一种可以通过蓝牙与手机相连的手表

and you can display information

可以在手表上设置显示内容

on it. And they prototyped with

他们先制作了一个雏形

an old LCD screen from a Nokia

用了一个旧的诺基亚手机的LCD显示屏

mobile phone and an Arduino.

当然还有Arduino

And then, when they had a final

到项目最后阶段

project, they actually went to Kickstarter

他们去众筹平台Kickstarter网上

and they were asking for 100,000 dollars to make

希望筹集到10万美元

a few of them to sell.

制作一些这样的手表来销售

They got 10 million dollars.

结果他们筹到了1千万美元

They got a completely

资金充足

fully funded start-up, and they don't have to,

他们得以起步

you know, get VCs involved or anything,

不必涉及到风险投资

just excite the people with their great project.

只用全力做出让大家惊喜的产品

The last project I want to show you is this:

我想展示的最后一个设计

It's called ArduSat. It's currently on Kickstarter,

叫做ArduSat，目前正在Kickstarter网上筹集资金

so if you want to contribute, please do it.

如果大家想赞助，欢迎大家前去

It's a satellite that goes into space, which is probably

这是一个人造卫星

the least open-source thing you can imagine,

你可能觉得这是最不可能开源的东西

and it contains an Arduino

这个人造卫星里嵌有Arduino

connected to a bunch of sensors. So if you know how to use Arduino,

连接有几个传感器

you can actually upload your experiments

实际上你可以将你的实验

into this satellite and run them.

上传到卫星上进行

So imagine, if you as a high school can have the satellite

想象一下，如果一所中学

for a week and do satellite

能用上这样一台仪器一个星期

space experiments like that.

就能做这样的太空实验了

So, as I said, there's

正如我前面所说

lots of examples, and I'm going to stop here. And I just

例子太多了，我就此打住

want to thank the Arduino community

我想感谢Arduino社区

for being the best, and just

你们是最优秀的

every day making lots of projects.

每天都有很棒的项目在进行

Thank you. (Applause)

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）

And thanks to the community.

感谢社区里的成员们

Chris Anderson: Massimo,

主持人Chris Anderson：Massimo，

you told me earlier today that you had no idea, of course,

之前你说自己以前完全没想到

that it would take off like this.

会发展到今天这个样子

MB: No.

演讲人Massimo：没想到

CA: I mean, how must you feel when you read this stuff and you

主持人：当你看到这些东西

see what you've unlocked?

发现自己开启了这一切 你感觉怎样？

MB: Well, it's the work of a lot of people, so we as a community

演讲人：这是很多人努力的结果

are enabling people to make

我们这一群人让大家

great stuff, and I just feel overwhelmed.

能够做出很棒的东西，这一切让我太激动了

It's just, it's difficult to describe this.

很难用言语描述这种感觉

Every morning, I wake up and I look at all the stuff that

每天早上醒来后看到

Google Alerts sends me, and it's

那么多的谷歌提醒

just amazing. It's just

太不可思议了

going into every field that you can imagine.

你能想象到的各个领域都有应用

CA: Thank you so much. (Applause)

主持人：非常感谢

(Applause)

（掌声）