How Arduino is open-sourcing imagination | Massimo Banzi

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Bighead Ge 審譯者: Julia Xu

So a few weeks ago, a friend

幾個星期前，我的一個朋友

of mine gave this toy car to his

送了一輛玩具車

8-year-old son.

給他8歲的兒子

But instead of going into a store and buying one,

這樣的禮物我們通常都是去商場買

like we do normally, he went to this

但他沒有，而是從這個網站

website and he downloaded

下載了一個文檔

a file, and then he printed it

然後把這個玩具車

on this printer.

用這台印表機給列印了出來

So this idea that you can

像這樣

manufacture objects

用電子設備創作東西

digitally using these machines

的理念

is something that The Economist magazine

《經濟學人》雜誌稱其為

defined as the Third Industrial Revolution.

第三次工業革命

Actually, I argue that there is another revolution

但我認為現在我們還經歷著另一場革命

going on, and it's the one that has to do with

一場涉及

open-source hardware and the maker's movement,

開源硬體和創客的運動

because the printer that my friend used

因為我的朋友使用的這台印表機

to print the toy is actually open-source.

實際上就是開源的

So you go to the same website, you can download all the files

任何人去這一網站都可以下載

that you need in order to make that printer:

製作這台印表機所需要的各種檔：

the construction files, the hardware, the software,

施工檔、 硬體、 軟體

all the instruction is there.

各種幫助都可以在網上找到

And also this is part of a large

這是一個很大的線上社區

community where there are thousands of people

世界各地成千上萬的人

around the world that are actually

都聚集在這裡

making these kinds of printers,

製作像這樣的印表機

and there's a lot of innovation

創新時刻都在發生

happening because it's all open-source.

因為一切都是開源的

You don't need anybody's permission to create something great.

你不需要徵求任何人的同意，就可以製作很棒的東西

And that space is like

這種市場的問世

the personal computer in 1976,

就像1976年個人電腦問世一樣

like the Apples with the other companies are fighting,

蘋果公司和其他電腦公司互相競爭

and we will see in a few years,

幾年後我們也會看到

there will be the Apple of this kind of market come out.

這種市場中的蘋果公司出現

Well, there's also another interesting thing.

同樣有趣的是

I said the electronics are open-source, because at the heart

就像我說的，所有的電子元件都是開源的

of this printer there is something I'm really attached to:

這台機器的關鍵元件 是我個人最為關心的

these Arduino boards, the motherboard that sort of

Arduino主機板 這台印表機的核心部分

powers this printer, is a project

這是我的一個項目

I've been working on for the past seven years.

已經開展七年了

It's an open-source project.

是一個開源項目

I worked with these friends of mine that I have here.

我和這些朋友一起合作

So the five of us, two Americans, two Italians

一共五個人，兩個美國人，兩個義大利人

and a Spaniard, we — (Laughter)

一個西班牙人(也指一種植物)

You know, it's a worldwide project. (Laughter)

這確實，是一個全球項目

So we came together in this

我們都在（義大利）伊夫雷亞

design institute called the Interaction Design Institute

互動設計研究所工作

Ivrea, which was teaching

這個研究所

interaction design, this idea that you can take

研究的是如何

design from the simple shape

設計出

of an object and you can move it

形狀簡單

forward to design the way you interact with things.

但能夠與人互動的設備

Well, when you design an object that's supposed to interact

這種設備

with a human being, if you make a foam model

能夠與人互動

of a mobile phone, it doesn't make any sense.

如果僅僅製作一個手機的泡沫模型，這沒什麼意義

You have to have something that

我們製作出來的東西

actually interacts with people.

要與人互動才有意義

So, we worked on Arduino and

因此，我們開發了Arduino

a lot of other projects there to

以及其他一些項目

create platforms that would be

這就給我們的學生建立了簡易的平臺

simple for our students to use,

方便他們使用

so that our students could just build things that worked,

讓他們有機會製作一些實用的東西

but they don't have five years to become an electronics engineer. We have one month.

不過他們沒有五年的時間成為電子工程師， 我們只有一個月時間

So how do I make something that even a kid can use?

那麼，如何製作一個孩子都能用的東西呢？

And actually, with Arduino,

實際上，在Arduino的幫助下

we have kids like Sylvia that you see here,

像你看到的這個孩子Sylvia

that actually make projects with Arduino.

就能做出自己的東西

I have 11-year-old kids stop me and show me

才11歲的孩子

stuff they built for Arduino that's really

就能用Arduino做東西

scary to see the capabilities

我感覺，一旦給了這些孩子工具

that kids have when you give them the tools.

他們表現出來的能力真的讓人有些害怕

So let's look at what happens when you make a tool

讓我們看看一些實例

that anybody can just pick up and build something quickly,

有了這樣一個工具 任何人都可以

so one of the examples that I like to sort of

在它的幫助下很快製作想要的東西

kick off this discussion is this

先看第一個例子

example of this cat feeder.

這是一個給貓咪餵食的容器

The gentleman who made this project had two cats.

這個設計的主人有兩隻貓

One was sick and the other one

其中有一隻生病了

was healthy, so he had to make

所以他必須讓它們

sure they ate the proper food.

分開吃東西

So he made this thing that recognizes the cat

於是他設計了這個裝置

from a chip mounted inside

通過貓咪項圈內安裝的晶片

on the collar of the cat, and opens the door

識別貓咪身份

and the cat can eat the food.

然後開門讓貓咪吃東西

This is made by recycling an old CD player

這個裝置使用了一張用過的CD播放機

that you can get from an old computer,

從一台舊電腦拆下來的

some cardboard, tape, couple of sensors, a few blinking LEDs,

還有一些紙板、膠帶、幾個感測器和閃爍的LED顯示幕

and then suddenly you have a tool. You build something

就做好了這樣一個工具

that you cannot find on the market.

一個市場上買不到的東西

And I like this phrase: "Scratch your own itch."

有句話說的好：“撓自己的癢”

If you have an idea, you just go and you make it.

如果有自己的想法，就得動手去實現

This is the equivalent of sketching on paper

這就像在紙上畫畫一樣

done with electronics.

只不過是用電子裝置完成的

So one of the features that I

這個項目

think is important about our work

很重要的一個特點

is that our hardware, on top of

在於硬體

being made with love in Italy —

當然首先是義大利傾情製造的

as you can see from the

從電路的背面

back of the circuit — (Laughter)

可以看到

is that it's open,

更重要的是它是開源的

so we publish all the design

我們把所有的設計檔

files for the circuit online,

都發佈在網上

so you can download it and

任何人都可以下載

you can actually use it to

在指引下進行製作

make something, or to modify, to learn.

或者改裝，學習

You know, when I was learning about programming,

我當初學習程式設計的時候

I learned by looking at other people's code,

就是通過看其他人的代碼學習的

or looking at other people's circuits in magazines.

或看其他人發表在雜誌上的電路圖

And this is a good way to learn,

通過看其他人的作品來學習

by looking at other people's work.

這是一種很好的學習方式

So the different elements of the project are all open,

這個專案的各個元件都是開源的

so the hardware is released

比如硬體

with a Creative Commons license.

就是在“知識共用授權合約”下公開發佈的

So, you know, I like this idea that hardware becomes

我喜歡這種理念

like a piece of culture that you share

把硬體作為文化的一部分供大家分享和使用

and you build upon, like it was

就像歌曲或詩歌一樣

a song or a poem with Creative Commons.

只不過擁有“知識共用”認證

Or, the software is GPL, so it's open-source as well.

另外，軟體通過“通用公共許可”發佈，也是開源的

The documentation and the hands-on teaching

各種檔和動手教學資源

methodology is also open-source and released as the Creative Commons.

都是開源的，遵循“知識共用授權合約”

Just the name is protected so

這個協議只對專案的名稱起保護作用

that we can make sure that we can tell people

便於我們能告訴大家

what is Arduino and what isn't.

Arduino到底是什麼

Now, Arduino itself is made of

目前，Arduino包含

a lot of different open-source components

很多不同的開源組件

that maybe individually are hard to use for

這些元件拆開來對於一個12歲的孩子使用起來太難了

a 12-year-old kid, so Arduino

所以Arduino

wraps everything together into

將這些元件組合成在一起

a mashup of open-source technologies

呈現出一個整體的開源工具

where we try to give them the

讓用戶們很快就能做好一個東西

best user experience to get something done quickly.

給他們最好的用戶體驗

So you have situations like this,

讓我們看看一些例子

where some people in Chile

在智利，一些用戶

decided to make their own boards instead of buying them,

決定自己製作電路板，而不去商店買

to organize a workshop and

建立自己的工作間

to save money. Or there are

或者為了省錢

companies that make their own

也有一些公司對Arduino

variations of Arduino that fit

做出一些修改

in a certain market, and there's

以迎合某個市場的需要

probably, maybe like a 150 of them

像這樣的改裝

or something at the moment.

目前大概有150個

This one is made by a company

比如這個

called Adafruit, which is run by

由一家名叫Adafruit的公司製造

this woman called Limor Fried,

公司老闆是一位名叫Limor Fried的女人

also known as Ladyada, who is

人們也稱她Ladyada

one of the heroes of the open-source hardware movement

她是開源硬體活動和創客活動的

and the maker movement.

領軍人物之一

So, this idea that you have a new, sort of

這是一種新興的理念

turbo-charged DIY community

在一個活躍的DIY社區裡

that believes in open-source,

人們提倡開源

in collaboration, collaborates

與合作

online, collaborates in different spaces.

不同地區的人聚集在一起在網上共事

There is this magazine called Make that sort of gathered

這是一本叫《Make》的雜誌

all these people and sort of put them together

讓很多志趣相投的人

as a community, and you see

走到一起組成一個社區

a very technical project explained in a

在這裡，複雜的項目

very simple language, beautifully typeset.

通過簡單易懂的語言展示出來，板式也很漂亮

Or you have websites,

也有一些網站，比如這個

like this one, like Instructables,

名叫Instructables

where people actually teach each other about anything.

人們在這裡互相教學

So this one is about Arduino projects,

我們現在看到的頁面

the page you see on the screen, but effectively here you can

正是關於Arduino專案的

learn how to make a cake and everything else.

其實在這個網站你可以學到各式各樣的東西，比如做蛋糕

So let's look at some projects.

現在讓我們看看其他例子

So this one is a quadcopter.

這是一個四軸飛行器

It's a small model helicopter.

一個小型的直升機模型

In a way, it's a toy, no?

差不多是個玩具吧

And so this one was military technology

幾年前這還是軍方掌握的技術

a few years ago, and now it's

現在已經開源了

open-source, easy to use, you can buy it online.

使用方便，網上都買的到

DIY Drones is the community; they do this thing called ArduCopter.

這個網站叫DIY Drones，他們設計了一種叫ArduCopter的飛行器

But then somebody actually launched this start-up called

後來有人搞了一個叫Matternet的創業項目

Matternet, where they figured out that you could

他們發現

use this to actually transport

可以用這個飛行器

things from one village to another in Africa,

在非洲的村莊間運送物資

and the fact that this was easy to find,

正是因為資料好找

open-source, easy to hack, enabled them

都是開源的，且易上手

to prototype their company really quickly.

他們很快便成立了公司

Or, other projects. Matt Richardson: I'm getting a little sick

同樣，看看這個項目

of hearing about the same people on TV over and over and over

“老是聽這些人出現在電視裡講話”

again, so I decided to do something about it.

“煩死我了，所以我決定採取點行動“

This Arduino project,

”於是我做了這個Arduino項目”

which I call the Enough Already, will mute the TV anytime

“我把它叫做“夠了！”

any of these over-exposed

“它能在這些上鏡頻率過高的人出現的時候”

personalities is mentioned. (Laughter)

“自動將電視靜音”

I'll show you how I made it. (Applause)

“我來演示一下這是怎麼做的”

MB: Check this out.

仔細聽

MR: Our producers caught up with Kim Kardashian earlier

“我們的製片人今天碰到Kim Kardashian（美國娛樂界名媛）”

today to find out what she was planning on wearing to her —

“瞭解到她將穿什麼去參加——”

MB: Eh? (Laughter)

咦？

MR: It should do a pretty good

“這個效果不錯”

job of protecting our ears from having to hear about the details

“讓我們不必聽到關於Kim Kardashian”

of Kim Kardashian's wedding.

“婚禮的細節”

MB: Okay. So, you know, again, what is interesting here

好。有趣的是

is that Matt found this module

Matt找到了一個模組

that lets Arduino process

可以讓Arduino處理電視信號

TV signals, he found some code

同時他還找到了別人寫的一些代碼

written by somebody else that generates infrared signals for the TV,

這些代碼可以向電視傳送紅外信號

put it together and then created this great project.

他把找到的這些東西組合在一起，做了這個有趣的東西

It's also used, Arduino's used,

當然，Arduino也用在

in serious places like, you know, the Large Hadron Collider.

一些正式的地方，比如大型強子對撞機

There's some Arduino balls collecting data and sort of

這裡有Arduino的部件 在進行一些資料收集

measuring some parameters.

以及參數測量的工作

Or it's used for —

還可以用在這裡

(Music)

（音樂）

So this is a musical interface

這是一個音樂互動媒體

built by a student from Italy,

一個義大利學生製作的

and he's now turning this into

目前他正準備將它商業化

a product. Because it was a

這是一個例子

student project becoming a product.

學生的專案轉變為了產品

Or it can be used to make an assistive device.

另外一個例子。這是一個輔助裝置

This is a glove that understands

這個手套能夠識別手語

the sign language and transforms

能將人作出的手勢

the gestures you make into sounds

轉化成聲音

and writes the words that you're signing on a display

還可以把字顯示在自帶的螢幕上

And again, this is made of all different parts you can find

同樣，這也是靠不同部件組成的

on all the websites that sell Arduino-compatible parts,

這些部件和Arduino相容 都能在網上買到

and you assemble it into a project.

組合在一起便是成品

Or this is a project from the ITP part of NYU,

這是一個紐約大學藝術學院互動媒體中心的項目

where they met with this boy

這個男孩由於身體有缺陷

who has a severe disability, cannot play with the PS3,

不能玩PS3

so they built this device that

於是項目組製作了該工具

allows the kid to play baseball

讓這孩子能夠玩棒球

although he has limited

克服了他自身的

movement capability.

行動缺陷

Or you can find it in arts projects.

另外，也有在藝術方面的應用

So this is the txtBomber.

這是一台叫txtBomber（“文字炸彈”）的機器

So you put a message into this device

將資訊輸進這台機器

and then you roll it on the wall, and it basically

然後將其滾過牆面

has all these solenoids

因為它帶有電導管

pressing the buttons on spray cans,

能觸發噴霧開關

so you just pull it over a wall

所以只需要將它在牆上一拉過去

and it just writes on the wall

字就自動寫在了牆上

all the political messages.

這是一些政治宣言

So, yeah. (Applause)

對

Then we have this plant here.

再看看這顆植物

This is called Botanicalls,

這叫“植物人”

because there's an Arduino ball with a Wi-Fi module

這裡有一個Arduino元件，帶有WI-FI功能

in the plant, and it's measuring

附於這顆植物上

the well-being of the plant,

測量它的生長情況

and it's creating a Twitter account

同時它連接著一個推特帳號

where you can actually interact with the plant. (Laughter)

所以我們實際上可以和這顆植物互動

So, you know, this plant

比如，它會說

will start to say, "This is really hot," or

“天氣真熱”

there's a lot of, you know, "I need water right now." (Laughter)

或者“我現在想喝水”

So it just gives a personality to your plant.

這就讓這顆植物變得很有個性

Or this is something that twitters when the

另外，這個裝置也連接著推特帳號

baby inside the belly of a

孕婦穿著它，當寶寶踢動的時候

pregnant woman kicks. (Laughter)

會自動推出資訊

Or this is a 14-year-old kid in

這個來自智利的14歲男孩

Chile who made a system that

做了一個系統

detects earthquakes and publishes on Twitter.

可以檢測地震並在推特上發佈消息

He has 280,000 followers.

他的推特上有28萬粉絲

He's 14 and he anticipated

他的年紀只有14歲

a governmental project by one year. (Applause)

當地政府一年後才跟上他，發佈了類似系統

Or again, another project where,

再看這個

by analyzing the Twitter feed

該裝置可以分析

of a family, you can basically

一家人各自的推特狀況

point where they are, like in the "Harry Potter" movie.

讓你知道他們在幹嘛，比如在看《哈利波特》

So you can find out everything about this project on the website.

關於此專案更多資訊可以在此網站上查看

Or somebody made a chair that twitters when somebody farts. (Laughter)

還有人做了一個當人放屁時發推特消息的椅子

It's interesting how, in 2009,

非常有趣

Gizmodo basically defined,

2009年Gizmodo（著名科技網站）

said that this project actually gives a meaning to Twitter,

評價這個東西讓推特有了全新的意義

so it was — a lot changed in between. (Laughter)

所以——當然到現在很多事情都變了

So very serious project.

現在我們來看一個嚴肅的項目

When the Fukushima disaster happened,

日本福島核事故發生時

a bunch of people in Japan, they realized that the information

日本的一些人認為政府

that the government was giving wasn't really open

沒有做到資訊的完全公開

and really reliable, so they built

發佈的資訊也不可靠

this Geiger counter, plus Arduino, plus network

於是他們設計了這個帶有Arduino模組和網路連接的蓋革計數器（一種用於探測電離輻射的粒子探測器）

interface. They made 100

做了100個這樣的設備

of them and gave them to people around Japan, and essentially

發放到日本各地的人手上

the data that they gathered gets published on this website

把這些人收集的資訊彙集在

called Cosm, another website

一個叫Cosm的網站上

they built, so you can actually get reliable real-time

這樣人們就可以看到

information from the field,

來自實地的即時資訊

and you can get unbiased information.

並且資訊更加可靠

Or this machine here, it's from

現在我們看到的這台機器

the DIY bio movement,

來自DIY生物科技運動

and it's one of the steps that you need in order to process DNA,

它能完成DNA分析處理所必需的一個步驟

and again, it's completely open-source from the ground up.

這台儀器從頭到尾都是開源的

Or you have students in developing countries making

另外，一些發展中國家地區的學生們

replicas of scientific instruments that cost

自己製作科學儀器

a lot of money to make.

這些儀器很昂貴

Actually they just build them themselves for a lot less

但他們自己組裝則不用花那麼錢

using Arduino and a few parts.

只需用到Arduino和另外一些部件

This is a pH probe.

這是一個pH值探針

Or you get kids, like these kids, they're from Spain.

再看看這些來自西班牙的孩子

They learned how to program and to make robots when they

他們學會程式設計製作機器人

were probably, like, 11, and then they started to use Arduino

大概也就是11歲的樣子

to make these robots that play football. They became

後來他們用Arduino讓這些機器人踢足球

world champions by making an Arduino-based robot.

他們製作基於Arduino的機器人，在國際上贏得了大獎

And so when we had to make

當時我們

our own educational robot, we just went to them and said,

需要教學用的機器人，於是就告訴他們

you know, "You design it, because you know exactly

“你們來設計，因為你們很清楚”

what is needed to make a great robot that excites kids."

“什麼樣的機器人能讓孩子們興奮起來”

Not me. I'm an old guy.

我就不行了，我一個老頭

What am I supposed to excite, huh? (Laughter)

怎麼能讓人興奮？(笑聲)

But as I — in terms of educational assets. (Laughter)

我指的是教育意義上的 (笑聲)

There's also companies like Google

也有一些公司，比如穀歌

that are using the technology

他們用這項技術

to create interfaces between

在手機、掌上型電腦

mobile phones, tablets and the real world.

和現實世界之間建立起聯繫

So the Accessory Development Kit

這個開發套件來自穀歌

from Google is open-source

同樣也是開源的

and based on Arduino, as opposed

並且基於Arduino

to the one from Apple which is

而蘋果公司的產品

closed-source, NDA, sign your

則是非開源的，受保密協定保護

life to Apple. Here you are.

要跟蘋果公司簽合同

There's a giant maze, and Joey's sitting there, and the

這是一個巨型迷宮

maze is moving when you tilt the tablet.

喬伊坐在那裡，搖擺手中的平板電腦，迷宮也跟著擺動

Also, I come from Italy, and the design is important

我來自義大利，設計在義大利很重要

in Italy, and yet very conservative.

但同時也非常保守

So we worked with a design

我們和米蘭一家

studio called Habits, in Milan,

叫做Habits的公司合作

to make this mirror, which is completely open-source.

製作了這個鏡子，當然也是完全開源的

This doubles also as an iPod speaker.

這面鏡子也是一個iPod音樂播放機的揚聲器

So the idea is that the hardware, the software,

總結起來，這種開源理念

the design of the object, the fabrication,

從設計到製作

everything about this project is open-source

所有都是開源的

and you can make it yourself.

大家可以自己動手製作

So we want other designers to pick this up and learn how

我們希望其他創客也能這樣

to make great devices, to learn

通過這種方式來學習

how to make interactive products

製作互動產品

by starting from something real.

製作一個實在的東西

But when you have this idea,

但有了創造的想法後

you know, what happens to all these ideas?

接下來怎麼做呢？

There's, like, thousands of ideas that I —

這樣的想法成千上萬

You know, it would take seven hours for me to do

我要全部講完得花7個小時

all the presentations.

不過

I will not take all the seven hours. Thank you.

我不會佔用7個小時的，謝謝

But let's start from this example:

我們以這個例子來說吧

So, the group of people

有這麼一群人

that started this company called Pebble, they prototyped

他們創立了Pebble公司

a watch that communicates via Bluetooth with your phone,

設計了一種可以通過藍牙與手機相連的手錶

and you can display information

可以在手錶上設置顯示內容

on it. And they prototyped with

他們先製作了一個雛形

an old LCD screen from a Nokia

用了一個舊的諾基亞手機的LCD顯示幕

mobile phone and an Arduino.

當然還有Arduino

And then, when they had a final

到專案最後階段

project, they actually went to Kickstarter

他們去眾籌平臺Kickstarter網上

and they were asking for 100,000 dollars to make

希望籌集到10萬美元

a few of them to sell.

製作一些這樣的手錶來銷售

They got 10 million dollars.

結果他們籌到了1千萬美元

They got a completely

資金充足

fully funded start-up, and they don't have to,

他們得以起步

you know, get VCs involved or anything,

不必涉及到風險投資

just excite the people with their great project.

只用全力做出讓大家驚喜的產品

The last project I want to show you is this:

我想展示的最後一個設計

It's called ArduSat. It's currently on Kickstarter,

叫做ArduSat，目前正在Kickstarter網上籌集資金

so if you want to contribute, please do it.

如果大家想贊助，歡迎大家前去

It's a satellite that goes into space, which is probably

這是一個人造衛星

the least open-source thing you can imagine,

你可能覺得這是最不可能開源的東西

and it contains an Arduino

這個人造衛星裡嵌有Arduino

connected to a bunch of sensors. So if you know how to use Arduino,

連接有幾個感測器

you can actually upload your experiments

實際上你可以將你的實驗

into this satellite and run them.

上傳到衛星上進行

So imagine, if you as a high school can have the satellite

想像一下，如果一所中學

for a week and do satellite

能用上這樣一台儀器一個星期

space experiments like that.

就能做這樣的太空實驗了

So, as I said, there's

正如我前面所說

lots of examples, and I'm going to stop here. And I just

例子太多了，我就此打住

want to thank the Arduino community

我想感謝Arduino社區

for being the best, and just

你們是最優秀的

every day making lots of projects.

每天都有很棒的項目在進行

Thank you. (Applause)

謝謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And thanks to the community.

感謝社區裡的成員們

Chris Anderson: Massimo,

主持人Chris Anderson：Massimo，

you told me earlier today that you had no idea, of course,

之前你說自己以前完全沒想到

that it would take off like this.

會發展到今天這個樣子

MB: No.

演講人Massimo：沒想到

CA: I mean, how must you feel when you read this stuff and you

主持人：當你看到這些東西

see what you've unlocked?

發現自己開啟了這一切 你感覺怎樣？

MB: Well, it's the work of a lot of people, so we as a community

演講人：這是很多人努力的結果

are enabling people to make

我們這一群人讓大家

great stuff, and I just feel overwhelmed.

能夠做出很棒的東西，這一切讓我太激動了

It's just, it's difficult to describe this.

很難用言語描述這種感覺

Every morning, I wake up and I look at all the stuff that

每天早上醒來後看到

Google Alerts sends me, and it's

那麼多的穀歌提醒

just amazing. It's just

太不可思議了

going into every field that you can imagine.

你能想像到的各個領域都有應用

CA: Thank you so much. (Applause)

主持人：非常感謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）