Why Climate Change Is a Threat to Human Rights | Mary Robinson | TED Talks

170,132 views ・ 2015-10-14

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翻译人员: cookie fu 校对人员: Wei Wu
00:19
A question I'm often asked is,
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我经常被问到的一个问题是,
00:21
where did I get my passion for human rights and justice?
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我为什么热衷于人权和公正问题?
00:26
It started early.
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这和我早期经历有关。
00:28
I grew up in the west of Ireland,
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我成长在爱尔兰的西部,
00:30
wedged between four brothers,
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有4个兄弟,
00:32
two older than me and two younger than me.
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两个哥哥和两个弟弟。
00:35
So of course I had to be interested in human rights,
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所以我当然对人权,
00:38
and equality and justice,
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平等, 公正,
00:41
and using my elbows!
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和使用拳头感兴趣。
00:43
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
00:45
And those issues stayed with me and guided me,
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这些问题一直伴随着我,引导我。
00:48
and in particular,
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特别是
00:49
when I was elected the first woman President of Ireland,
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当我被选为爱尔兰第一位女总统的时候,
00:54
from 1990 to 1997.
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(从1990年到1997年)
00:57
I dedicated my presidency
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在我的任期内,
01:00
to having a space for those who felt marginalized on the island of Ireland,
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我关注那些觉得在爱尔兰岛上 被边缘化的人们,致力于给他们一个空间
01:05
and bringing together communities from Northern Ireland
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并且把北爱尔兰的人们
01:08
with those from the Republic,
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和爱尔兰共和国的人们集合到一起,
01:10
trying to build peace.
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力求建立和平。
01:12
And I went as the first Irish president to the United Kingdom
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我是第一位拜访英国(United Kingdom)
01:17
and met with Queen Elizabeth II,
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并会见了女王伊丽莎白二世的 爱尔兰总统,
01:20
and also welcomed to my official residence --
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一些人还被邀请到我的官邸--
01:24
which we call "Áras an Uachtaráin," the house of the president --
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我们称之为“Áras an Uachtaráin”总统府--
01:28
members of the royal family,
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一些皇室成员
01:30
including, notably, the Prince of Wales.
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尤其还包括威尔士亲王。
01:33
And I was aware that at the time of my presidency,
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我意识到在我的任期内,
01:40
Ireland was a country beginning a rapid economic progress.
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爱尔兰是一个经济快速发展的国家。
01:45
We were a country that was benefiting from the solidarity of the European Union.
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我们的国家受益于欧盟的团结。
01:53
Indeed, when Ireland first joined the European Union in 1973,
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事实上,当爱尔兰在1973年 第一次加入欧盟的时候,
01:58
there were parts of the country that were considered developing,
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这里的一些地区还被视为发展中地区,
02:02
including my own beloved native county, County Mayo.
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包括我心爱的家乡梅奥郡。
02:06
I led trade delegations here to the United States,
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我带领贸易代表团去美国,
02:10
to Japan, to India,
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去日本,去印度,
02:13
to encourage investment, to help to create jobs,
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鼓励投资,创造就业,
02:17
to build up our economy,
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建立我们的经济。
02:18
to build up our health system, our education --
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建立我们的卫生系统和我们的教育--
02:20
our development.
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促进我们的发展。
02:22
What I didn't have to do as president
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在当时,作为总统的我不必做的事情是
02:26
was buy land on mainland Europe,
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在欧洲大陆上买土地,
02:30
so that Irish citizens could go there because our island was going underwater.
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不必担心爱尔兰岛被淹没, 让我的人民迁移到另外的土地上。
02:37
What I didn't have to think about,
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不管我是作为一个总统
02:39
either as president or as a constitutional lawyer,
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还是作为一个宪法律师,
02:42
was the implications for the sovereignty of the territory
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我都不需要考虑
02:45
because of the impact of climate change.
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领土主权的问题会受气候变化的影响。
02:49
But that is what President Tong, of the Republic of Kiribati,
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但这是基里巴斯共和国总统TONG(汤)
02:54
has to wake up every morning thinking about.
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每天早上起床需要思考的问题。
02:57
He has bought land in Fiji as an insurance policy,
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他在斐济买了土地作为一种保险政策,
03:02
what he calls, "migration with dignity,"
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这被他称为“有尊严地迁移”。
03:06
because he knows that his people may have to leave their islands.
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因为他知道他的人民 必须离开他们的岛屿。
03:12
As I listened to President Tong describing the situation,
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当我听到汤总统描述这个情况,
03:17
I really felt that this was a problem that no leader should have to face.
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我真的觉得这是个总统不应该面对的问题。
03:24
And as I heard him speak about the pain of his problems,
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当我听到他谈起这些问题的痛苦,
03:29
I thought about Eleanor Roosevelt.
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我想到了埃莉诺•罗斯福,
03:33
I thought about her and those who worked with her
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想到她以及那些 曾经与她一起在人权委员会工作的人,
03:38
on the Commission on Human Rights, which she chaired in 1948,
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她在1948年担任人权委员会的主席,
03:43
and drew up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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并起草了《世界人权宣言》。
03:48
For them, it would have been unimaginable
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对于他们来说,难以想象的是
03:51
that a whole country could go out of existence
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整个国家可能因为人类活动
03:56
because of human-induced climate change.
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导致的气候变化而消失,
03:59
I came to climate change not as a scientist or an environmental lawyer,
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我来关注气候变化, 不是因为我是一名科学家或环境法律师,
04:04
and I wasn't really impressed by the images of polar bears
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我对北极熊或冰川融化的景象也没有
04:08
or melting glaciers.
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特别深刻的印象。
04:10
It was because of the impact on people,
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我来这里是因为它影响了人,
04:14
and the impact on their rights --
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影响了人们的权利---
04:17
their rights to food and safe water, health, education and shelter.
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对享有食物,安全用水,健康,教育 和避难所的权利。
04:22
And I say this with humility,
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我现在谦卑地说这些,
04:26
because I came late to the issue of climate change.
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是因为在关注气候变化问题上我来晚了。
04:30
When I served
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当我作为
04:32
as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
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联合国人权事务高级专员的时候,
04:34
from 1997 to 2002,
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(从1997到2002年)
04:37
climate change wasn't at the front of my mind.
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气候变化不是我首要考虑的问题。
04:39
I don't remember making a single speech on climate change.
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我不记得 我曾做过专门关于气候变化的演讲。
04:43
I knew that there was another part of the United Nations --
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我知道联合国有另外的机构---
04:46
the UN Convention on Climate Change --
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联合国气候变化大会
04:49
that was dealing with the issue of climate change.
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负责气候变化的事情
04:52
It was later when I started to work in African countries
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后来当我开始在非洲国家
04:57
on issues of development and human rights.
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进行国家发展和人权方面的工作,
05:00
And I kept hearing this pervasive sentence:
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我总是听到这样的话:
05:03
"Oh, but things are so much worse now, things are so much worse."
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“哦,但现在严重多了,情况严重多了”。
05:08
And then I explored what was behind that;
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然后我开始探索这背后意味着什么;
05:11
it was about changes in the climate --
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这是关于气候变化的问题---
05:15
climate shocks, changes in the weather.
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气候巨变,以及天气的变化。
05:18
I met Constance Okollet,
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在那里我遇到Constance Okollet,
05:20
who had formed a women's group in Eastern Uganda,
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她在乌干达东部建立了一个妇女组织,
05:24
and she told me that when she was growing up,
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她告诉我,她小时候
05:26
she had a very normal life in her village and they didn't go hungry,
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过着非常普通的乡村生活, 他们不会挨饿,
05:31
they knew that the seasons would come as they were predicted to come,
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当特定的季节到来时他们可以预测到,
05:36
they knew when to sow and they knew when to harvest,
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他们知道何时播种何时收获,
05:39
and so they had enough food.
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所以他们有充足的食物。
05:42
But, in recent years,
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但是,近年来,
05:44
at the time of this conversation,
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就在我们谈话的当时,
05:46
they had nothing but long periods of drought,
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她们一无所有,只有长时间的干旱,
05:49
and then flash flooding,
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接着洪水,
05:51
and then more drought.
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然后更多的干旱。
05:53
The school had been destroyed,
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学校被摧毁,
05:54
livelihoods had been destroyed,
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生计被摧毁,
05:56
their harvest had been destroyed.
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他们的收获被摧毁。
05:58
She forms this women's group to try to keep her community together.
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她建立这个妇女组织 是为了让她的社区团结起来。
06:03
And this was a reality that really struck me,
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这件事真的打动了我,
06:08
because of course, Constance Okollet wasn't responsible
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因为Constance Okollet不该
06:12
for the greenhouse gas emissions that were causing this problem.
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为温室气体排放问题负责。
06:16
Indeed, I was very struck about the situation in Malawi
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还有让我痛心的是今年一月
06:20
in January of this year.
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在马拉维发生的情况。
06:22
There was an unprecedented flooding in the country,
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那里发生了前所未有的洪水,
06:26
it covered about a third of the country,
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大约三分之一的国家被淹没,
06:28
over 300 people were killed,
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超过300人死亡,
06:30
and hundreds of thousands lost their livelihoods.
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成千上万的人丢失了生计。
06:34
And the average person in Malawi
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马拉维的人均二氧化碳年排放量
06:37
emits about 80 kg of CO2 a year.
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是80千克,
06:43
The average US citizen emits about 17.5 metric tons.
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而美国的人均二氧化碳年排放量 是17.5吨。
06:49
So those who are suffering disproportionately
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正在遭受苦难的那些人
06:52
don't drive cars, don't have electricity, don't consume very significantly,
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不开车,不用电,不过度消费,
06:59
and yet they are feeling more and more
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却受到越来越多
07:02
the impacts of the changes in the climate,
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气候变化的影响,
07:07
the changes that are preventing them from knowing how to grow food properly,
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这些变化让他们 不知道如何恰当地种植粮食,
07:11
and knowing how to look after their future.
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不知如何照顾他们的未来。
07:15
I think it was really the importance of the injustice
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我想这真的非常不公正,
07:23
that really struck me very forcibly.
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强烈地打击了我。
07:26
And I know that we're not able to address some of that injustice
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我知道我们没办法解决一些不公正,
07:33
because we're not on course for a safe world.
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因为我们没有在走向一个安全的世界。
07:36
Governments around the world agreed at the conference in Copenhagen,
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世界各国政府在哥本哈根举行的会议上 达成共识,
07:43
and have repeated it at every conference on climate,
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并在每次气候大会上都重复的事情是:
07:46
that we have to stay below two degrees Celsius
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比起前工业时期的标准,
07:50
of warming above pre-Industrial standards.
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全球变暖必须控制在2摄氏度以内,
07:53
But we're on course for about four degrees.
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但是全球变暖正接近于大约4摄氏度。
07:56
So we face an existential threat to the future of our planet.
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所以我们星球的未来面临着生存的威胁。
08:01
And that made me realize
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这使我意识到
08:03
that climate change is the greatest threat to human rights in the 21st century.
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在21世纪气候变化是对人权的最大威胁。
08:09
And that brought me then to climate justice.
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这使得我开始关注气候公正。
08:13
Climate justice responds to the moral argument --
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气候公正涉及到道德论证--
08:17
both sides of the moral argument --
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包括道德论证的双方--
08:19
to address climate change.
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应该如何应对气候变化问题。
08:21
First of all,
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首先,
08:23
to be on the side of those who are suffering most and are most effected.
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我们需要站在那些遭受最多痛苦, 受影响最多的人们的一边。
08:27
And secondly,
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其次,
08:28
to make sure that they're not left behind again, when we start to move
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当我们开始行动的时候要确保他们不再被落下,
08:33
and start to address climate change with climate action,
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我们要开始行动应对气候变化,
08:36
as we are doing.
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正如我们正在做的那样。
08:39
In our very unequal world today,
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在今天这个非常不平等的世界,
08:42
it's very striking how many people are left behind.
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被落下的人多得让人震惊。
08:46
In our world of 7.2 billion people, about 3 billion are left behind.
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世界上一共72亿人,大约30亿人被落下。
08:53
1.3 billion don't have access to electricity,
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13亿人用不了电,
08:57
and they light their homes with kerosene and candles,
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他们用煤油和蜡烛照明,
09:01
both of which are dangerous.
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这是非常危险的。
09:02
And in fact they spend a lot of their tiny income on that form of lighting.
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事实上,他们已经用了微少收入的 很大一部分来照明。
09:09
2.6 billion people cook on open fires --
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26亿人还在使用由煤、木头或动物粪便
09:13
on coal, wood and animal dung.
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产生的明火做饭,
09:17
And this causes about 4 million deaths a year
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这导致每年400万人
09:22
from indoor smoke inhalation,
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死于室内烟雾吸入,
09:24
and of course, most of those who die are women.
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当然,其中大部分是女性。
09:28
So we have a very unequal world,
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所以这是一个非常不平等的世界,
09:33
and we need to change from "business as usual."
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我们需要改变。
09:39
And we shouldn't underestimate the scale and the transformative nature
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我们不应低估需要改变的程度,
09:45
of the change which will be needed,
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需要改变的方式,
09:47
because we have to go to zero carbon emissions by about 2050,
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因为我们 必须在2050年之前实现碳的零排放。
09:54
if we're going to stay below two degrees Celsius of warming.
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才能把全球变暖控制在2度以内,
09:58
And that means we have to leave about two-thirds of the known resources
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这意味着我们必须不再使用
10:04
of fossil fuels in the ground.
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2/3已知的地下化石燃料资源。
10:06
It's a very big change,
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这是一个非常大的变化,
10:08
and it means that obviously,
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这意味着
10:10
industrialized countries must cut their emissions,
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发达国家必须削减排放,
10:13
must become much more energy-efficient,
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必须更加节能,
10:15
and must move as quickly as possible to renewable energy.
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必须尽快使用可再生能源。
10:20
For developing countries and emerging economies,
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对于发展中国家和新兴经济体,
10:24
the problem and the challenge is to grow without emissions,
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它们的问题和挑战是 如何在不排放的情况下获得发展,
10:29
because they must develop; they have very poor populations.
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因为他们必须发展, 他们还有很多贫困人口。
10:32
So they must develop without emissions, and that is a different kind of problem.
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所以他们必须在不排放的情况下发展, 这是另外一个不同的问题。
10:38
Indeed, no country in the world has actually grown without emissions.
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确实,世界上没有一个国家 可以真正实现零排放发展。
10:44
All the countries have developed with fossil fuels,
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所有国家都通过使用化石燃料发展,
10:46
and then may be moving to renewable energy.
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然后可能再转向可再生能源。
10:48
So it is a very big challenge,
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所以这是一个非常大的挑战,
10:51
and it requires the total support of the international community,
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它需要国际社会的全力支持,
10:55
with the necessary finance and technology, and systems and support,
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必要的财务支持,技术支持,系统支持。
11:00
because no country can make itself safe from the dangers of climate change.
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因为没有国家 可以逃脱气候变化带来的危险。
11:08
This is an issue that requires complete human solidarity.
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解决这个问题需要全人类团结起来。
11:13
Human solidarity, if you like, based on self-interest --
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让我们团结起来,如果你愿意, 可以基于自身利益--
11:16
because we are all in this together,
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因为我们是一起的,
11:18
and we have to work together
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我们必须一起努力
11:20
to ensure that we reach zero carbon by 2050.
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以确保在2015年前实现碳的零排放。
11:26
The good news is that change is happening,
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好消息是改变正在发生,
11:29
and it's happening very fast.
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并且发生得非常快。
11:32
Here in California,
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在加州这里,
11:33
there's a very ambitious emissions target to cut emissions.
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有一个非常雄心勃勃的削减排放的目标。
11:37
In Hawaii, they're passing legislation
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在夏威夷,他们通过了一个法案,
11:40
to have 100 percent renewable energy by 2045.
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在2045年之前 夏威夷将100%使用可再生能源。
11:45
And governments are very ambitious around the world.
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各国政府志在必得。
11:49
In Costa Rica, they have committed to being carbon-neutral by 2021.
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在哥斯达黎加, 人们致力于在2021年前实现碳中和。
11:55
In Ethiopia, the commitment is to be carbon-neutral by 2027.
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在埃塞尔比亚, 人们承诺在2027年前实现碳中和。
12:01
Apple have pledged that their factories in China will use renewable energy.
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苹果承诺 他们在中国的工厂将使用可再生能源。
12:08
And there is a race on at the moment
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同时,正在进行还有
12:11
to convert electricity from tidal and wave power,
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利用潮汐和波浪发电的项目,
12:15
in order that we can leave the coal in the ground.
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目标是让我们不再使用地下的煤。
12:19
And that change is both welcome and is happening very rapidly.
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这些改变是受欢迎的并且在迅速发生。
12:24
But it's still not enough,
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但这些还不够,
12:25
and the political will is still not enough.
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政治决心还不够。
12:28
Let me come back to President Tong and his people in Kiribati.
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让我们再看回 汤总统和他在基里巴斯的人民。
12:34
They actually could be able to live on their island and have a solution,
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实际上有一个解决方案 可以让他们继续住在岛上,
12:40
but it would take a lot of political will.
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但这需要强大的政治决心。
12:43
President Tong told me about his ambitious idea
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汤告诉我,他的想法是
12:47
to either build up or even float the little islands where his people live.
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建立一座岛屿甚至是使一座岛屿漂浮, 这样他的人民就可以住在上面。
12:55
This, of course, is beyond the resources of Kiribati itself.
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当然,这超出了基里巴斯 本身的能力和拥有的资源。
12:59
It would require great solidarity and support from other countries,
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它需要其他国家的团结和大力支持,
13:03
and it would require the kind of imaginative idea
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就像我们要在太空建立空间站的时候,
13:07
that we bring together when we want to have a space station in the air.
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我们需要联合起来 制定出一个富有想象力的方案。
13:12
But wouldn't it be wonderful to have this engineering wonder
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但那将是一件极好的事情, 如果这个工程奇迹
13:17
and to allow a people to remain in their sovereign territory,
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可以让那里的人们 继续住在他们的领土里,
13:20
and be part of the community of nations?
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并且成为国际社会的一部分。
13:24
That is the kind of idea that we should be thinking about.
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那是我们需要思考的问题。
13:29
Yes, the challenges of the transformation we need are big,
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是的,改变的挑战是巨大的,
13:34
but they can be solved.
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但它们是可以解决的。
13:37
We are actually, as a people,
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实际上,我们人类,
13:39
very capable of coming together to solve problems.
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可以团结起来去解决问题。
13:42
I was very conscious of this as I took part this year
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我清醒地意识到这一点, 尤其是今年我参加
13:46
in commemoration of the 70th anniversary
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世界反法西斯战争胜利
13:50
of the end of the Second World War in 1945.
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70周年纪念活动的时候。
13:55
1945 was an extraordinary year.
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1945年是不平凡的一年。
13:59
It was a year when the world faced
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那一年全世界必须面对
14:01
what must have seemed almost insoluble problems --
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许多棘手的问题--
14:05
the devastation of the world wars, particularly the Second World War;
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世界大战尤其是第二次世界大战 造成的破坏,
14:10
the fragile peace that had been brought about;
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脆弱的和平局势,
14:13
the need for a whole economic regeneration.
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整个经济需要复苏。
14:16
But the leaders of that time didn't flinch from this.
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但当时的领导人并没有退缩。
14:20
They had the capacity, they had a sense of being driven by
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他们有能力,有信心,
14:25
never again must the world have this kind of problem.
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让世界不再遭受这类问题。
14:29
And they had to build structures for peace and security.
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他们必须为世界的和平和安全建立架构。
14:33
And what did we get? What did they achieve?
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我们从中获得了什么?他们实现了什么?
14:36
The Charter of the United Nations,
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联合国宪章,
14:39
the Bretton Woods institutions, as they're called, The World Bank,
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布列敦森林机构,或者他们说的世界银行
14:42
and the International Monetary Fund.
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和国际货币基金组织。
14:45
A Marshall Plan for Europe, a devastated Europe,
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以及为了重建欧洲而制定的
14:48
to reconstruct it.
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马歇尔计划。
14:50
And indeed a few years later,
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当然还有几年之后发布的
14:52
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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《世界人权宣言》。
14:56
2015 is a year that is similar in its importance
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2015年是和1945年类似的一年,
15:02
to 1945, with similar challenges and similar potential.
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类似的挑战和类似的可能性。
15:07
There will be two big summits this year:
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今年将有2个大的峰会:
15:10
the first one, in September in New York,
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一个将于9月份在纽约举行,
15:13
is the summit for the sustainable development goals.
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这是关于可持续发展的峰会。
15:17
And then the summit in Paris in December, to give us a climate agreement.
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另一个将于11月在巴黎举行, 气候协议将在这个峰会上达成。
15:23
The sustainable development goals are intended to help countries
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可持续发展目标旨在帮助各国
15:29
to live sustainably, in tune with Mother Earth,
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进行可持续发展,和地球母亲和谐共处,
15:33
not to take out of Mother Earth and destroy ecosystems,
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不忽视地球母亲,不破坏生态系统。
15:39
but rather, to live in harmony with Mother Earth,
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更确切地说,通过可持续发展的生活方式
15:42
by living under sustainable development.
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和地球母亲和谐共处。
15:46
And the sustainable development goals
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这个可持续发展目标
15:49
will come into operation for all countries
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将从2016年1月1日开始
15:51
on January 1, 2016.
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在世界各国实施。
15:54
The climate agreement --
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而气候协议--
15:56
a binding climate agreement --
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是对各国有约束力的协议--
15:57
is needed because of the scientific evidence
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这是非常有必要的, 因为有科学证据表明,
16:01
that we're on a trajectory for about a four-degree world
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我们的全球变暖正接近4摄氏度,
16:04
and we have to change course to stay below two degrees.
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而我们必须将其控制在2度以内。
16:08
So we need to take steps that will be monitored and reviewed,
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所以我们需要采取 可以监控和审查的措施,
16:13
so that we can keep increasing the ambition of how we cut emissions,
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增强减少排放的决心,
16:18
and how we move more rapidly to renewable energy,
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增强尽快使用可再生能源的决心,
16:21
so that we have a safe world.
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这样我们才会有一个安全的世界。
16:27
The reality is that this issue is much too important
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事实上,这个问题太重要了,
16:33
to be left to politicians and to the United Nations.
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不能把它留给政客或联合国决定。
16:37
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
16:38
It's an issue for all of us,
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这是我们所有人的问题,
16:40
and it's an issue where we need more and more momentum.
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我们需要更多的动力去应对它。
16:44
Indeed, the face of the environmentalist has changed,
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这已不仅仅是环保人士的问题,
16:48
because of the justice dimension.
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因为它已涉及到公正维度。
16:50
It's now an issue for faith-based organizations,
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现在,它还是一个 罗马教皇弗朗西斯领导的
16:53
under very good leadership from Pope Francis,
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宗教组织的问题。
16:57
and indeed, the Church of England,
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英国的教会
16:58
which is divesting from fossil fuels.
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确实已经不再使用化石燃料。
17:01
It's an issue for the business community,
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这还是一个商界的问题,
17:05
and the good news is
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好消息是
17:06
that the business community is changing very rapidly --
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商界的改变非常迅速--
17:09
except for the fossil fuel industries --
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除了化石燃料行业外。
17:11
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
17:13
Even they are beginning to slightly change their language --
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他们正在开始一点点地改变他们的说法和做法,
17:16
but only slightly.
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虽然只是一点点,
17:17
But business is not only moving rapidly to the benefits of renewable energy,
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但是商业不仅能迅速推动 可再生能源的好处,
17:22
but is urging politicians to give them more signals,
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而且还推动政客们给他们更多的信号,
17:25
so that they can move even more rapidly.
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这样他们可以改变得更快一些。
17:27
It's an issue for the trade union movement.
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这是一个贸易联盟运动的问题,
17:29
It's an issue for the women's movement.
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一个妇女运动的问题,
17:31
It's an issue for young people.
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一个年轻人们的问题。
17:33
I was very struck when I learned that Jibreel Khazan,
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Jibreel Khazan说的一句话触动了我,
17:39
one of the Greensboro Four who had taken part in the Woolworth sit-ins,
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5644
他是参加1960年格林斯伯勒伍尔沃斯店 静坐抗议活动的4个成员中的一员。
17:44
said quite recently that
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他说,
17:46
climate change is the lunch counter moment for young people.
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气候变化是 当下年轻人的“午餐柜台时刻”。
17:52
So, lunch counter moment for young people of the 21st century --
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所以,这是21世纪年轻人的“午餐柜台时刻”--
17:56
the sort of real human rights issue of the 21st century,
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21世纪真正的人权问题,
18:01
because he said it is the greatest challenge
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因为他说气候变化是
18:03
to humanity and justice in our world.
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对当今世界人权和公正的最大挑战。
18:08
I recall very much the Climate March last September,
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我清楚地记得去年9月的气候示威游行,
18:12
and that was a huge momentum,
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那是一个非常大的运动,
18:14
not just in New York, but all around the world.
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不仅在纽约,全世界都在参与,
18:17
and we have to build on that.
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我们必须进行这样的游行。
18:19
I was marching with some of The Elders family,
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我跟着一些老年人家庭游行的时候,
18:22
and I saw a placard a little bit away from me,
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看到一个靠近我的标语牌,
18:27
but we were wedged so closely together --
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1954
但是我们被人群挤开--
18:29
because after all, there were 400,000 people out in the streets of New York --
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3675
毕竟,在纽约街道那里有40万人--
18:33
so I couldn't quite get to that placard,
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所以我不能完全靠近到那个标语牌。
18:35
I would have just liked to have been able to step behind it,
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我只是希望能跟随它前进,
18:38
because it said, "Angry Grannies!"
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因为它上面写着:“愤怒的奶奶!”
18:41
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
18:42
That's what I felt.
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1454
这正是我现在的感受。
18:43
And I have five grandchildren now,
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我现在有五个孙儿,
18:47
I feel very happy as an Irish grandmother to have five grandchildren,
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我非常开心我是 一个有5个孙儿的爱尔兰祖母,
18:52
and I think about their world,
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并且我在考虑他们的世界。
18:55
and what it will be like when they will share that world
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到2050年他们将和其他的90亿人
18:58
with about 9 billion other people in 2050.
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4046
生活在怎样的世界里。
19:03
We know that inevitably it will be a climate-constrained world,
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我知道,不可避免地, 未来的世界将是气候约束的世界。
19:08
because of the emissions we've already put up there,
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2849
因为我们今天产生的排放,
19:11
but it could be a world that is much more equal and much fairer,
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5397
但它也可以是一个比现在这个世界
19:16
and much better for health, and better for jobs
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2582
更平等,更公平,
19:19
and better for energy security,
310
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1972
更健康,能更好工作,
19:21
than the world we have now,
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1827
能源更安全的世界。
19:23
if we have switched sufficiently and early enough to renewable energy,
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如果我们能有效地转变, 并尽早使用可再生能源,
19:30
and no one is left behind.
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2432
不落下任何人。
19:32
No one is left behind.
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2395
那么就没有人会被落下。
19:35
And just as we've been looking back this year --
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3580
正如我们今年的回顾--
19:39
in 2015 to 1945, looking back 70 years --
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5507
从2015年回顾到1945年,回顾70年--
19:44
I would like to think that they will look back,
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2564
我想我们的后代也会回顾,
19:47
that world will look back 35 years from 2050,
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4849
他们在2050年会回顾之前的35年,
19:52
35 years to 2015,
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2874
回顾35年前的2015年
19:55
and that they will say,
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2818
他们会说:
19:58
"Weren't they good to do what they did in 2015?
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4107
“我们的前辈在2015年不是做得很好吗?
20:02
We really appreciate that they took the decisions that made a difference,
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5475
我们真的很感激他们在当时做的决策, 这改变了我们的未来,
20:07
and that put the world on the right pathway,
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2938
把世界引向了正确的道路,
20:10
and we benefit now from that pathway,"
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2706
并使我们现在得益于那正确的道路。”
20:13
that they will feel that somehow we took our responsibilities,
325
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3881
他们会觉得我们尽了我们的责任,
20:17
we did what was done in 1945 in similar terms,
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4159
我们做了和1945年类似的事情,
20:21
we didn't miss the opportunity,
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2421
我们没有错过这个机会,
20:23
we lived up to our responsibilities.
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2182
我们无愧于我们的责任。
20:26
That's what this year is about.
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3172
这就是今年要做的。
20:29
And somehow for me,
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1350
对我而言,
20:31
it's captured in words of somebody that I admired very much.
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4294
一个我非常钦佩的人的话语打动了我。
20:35
She was a mentor of mine, she was a friend,
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2333
她是我的导师,一个朋友,
20:37
she died much too young,
333
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1948
她死的时候很年轻,
20:39
she was an extraordinary personality,
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2005
她是不平凡的人,
20:41
a great champion of the environment:
335
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2484
一个环保卫士:
20:44
Wangari Maathai.
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1824
旺加里·马塔伊。
20:46
Wangari said once,
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2626
她曾说:
20:49
"In the course of history,
338
1249277
1954
“在历史的进程中,
20:51
there comes a time when humanity is called upon
339
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4011
在某一时刻,人类需要
20:55
to shift to a new level of consciousness,
340
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4751
进入一个新的意识水平,
21:00
to reach a higher moral ground."
341
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3457
达到一个更高的道德立场。”
21:04
And that's what we have to do.
342
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1919
这是我们必须做的。
21:06
We have to reach a new level of consciousness,
343
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3288
我们必须进入一个新的意识水平,
21:09
a higher moral ground.
344
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1967
达到一个更高的道德立场。
21:11
And we have to do it this year in those two big summits.
345
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3841
我们必须在今年的两个大峰会上做到这点,
21:16
And that won't happen unless we have the momentum
346
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3598
这需要来自世界各地的人们聚在一起,
21:19
from people around the world who say:
347
1279730
3147
并且说:
21:22
"We want action now,
348
1282901
1520
“我们要现在行动,
21:24
we want to change course,
349
1284445
1571
我们要改变,
21:26
we want a safe world,
350
1286040
1373
我们要一个安全的世界,
21:27
a safe world for future generations,
351
1287437
2175
一个给后代的安全世界,
21:29
a safe world for our children and our grandchildren,
352
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2608
一个给我们孩子孙儿的安全世界,
21:32
and we're all in this together."
353
1292268
2271
让我们一起共同面对!”
21:34
Thank you.
354
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1160
谢谢
21:35
(Applause)
355
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5245
(掌声)
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