Award-winning teen-age science in action

Prevodilac: Jelena Nedjic Lektor: Radica Stojanović

Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option,

Lauren Hodž: Ukoliko ste u restoranu, i želite zdraviji izbor hrane,

which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken?

šta biste naručili, prženu piletinu ili piletinu na žaru?

Now most people would answer grilled,

Većina ljudi bi rekla piletinu na žaru,

and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories.

istina je da piletina na žaru sadrži manje masti i kalorija.

However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger.

Međutim, isto tako krije u sebi opasne materije.

The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines --

A to su heterociklični amini,

specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine,

odnosno feno-metil-imidazopiridin,

or PhIP --

ili FmIP-

(laughter)

(smeh)

which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.

to je imunogeno i kancerogeno jedinjenje.

A carcinogen is any substance or agent

Karcinogen je svaka supstanca ili reagens

that causes abnormal growth of cells,

koja uzrukuje nekontrolisan rast ćelija,

which can also cause them to metastasize or spread.

što može dovesti do metastaziranja i širenja po telu.

They are also organic compounds

To su takođe organska jedinjenja

in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia

u kojima je jedan ili više atoma vodonika ili amonijačne grupe

is replaced with a more complex group.

zamenjena složenijom grupom.

Studies show that antioxidants

Istraživanja su pokazala da antioksidansi

are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines.

snižavaju nivo ovih heterocikličnih amina.

However, no studies exist yet

Međutim, ni jedna studija do sada

that show how or why.

nije objasnila kako ili zašto to čine.

These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens.

Ovde je predstavljeno pet organizacija koje klasifikuju karcinogene.

And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe,

Kao što vidite, ni jedna od organizacija ih ne smatra zdravim,

which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.

a to opravdava potrebu da smanjimo njihovu količinu u ishrani.

Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea.

Možda se pitate kako je trinaestogodišnja devojčica došla do te ideje.

And I was led to it through a series of events.

Čitav niz događaja me je doveo do te tačke.

I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office --

Prvi put sam čula o tome čitajući o sudskom procesu u ordinaciji mog doktora,

(Laughter)

(smeh)

which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine

koji je vodio Odbor lekara za odgovornu medicinu

and seven different fast food restaurants.

protiv sedam različitih lanaca brze hrane.

They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken,

Nisu ih tužili usled toga što u njihovoj piletini ima kancerogena,

but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65,

već zbog Propozicije 65 u Kalifroniji

which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products

da kompanije moraju da istaknu jasno upozorenje

then the companies had to give a clear warning.

ukoliko bilo šta štetno postoji u njihovoj hrani.

So I was very surprised about this.

To me je iznenadilo.

And I was wondering why nobody knew more

Pitala sam se zašto niko nije znao malo više

about this dangerous grilled chicken,

o ovoj opasnoj piletini na žaru,

which doesn't seem very harmful.

a koja ne deluje tako štetno.

But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner,

Potom sam jedne večeri dok je moja majka pripremala piletinu na žaru za večeru

and I noticed that the edges of the chicken,

uočila da su krajevi piletine

which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white.

koji su bili potopljeni u soku od limuna pobeleli.

And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing,

Nešto kasnije na nastavi biologije sam naučila da se to dešava u procesu denaturacije,

which is where the proteins will change shape

proces pri kojem proteini menjaju svoj oblik

and lose their ability to chemically function.

i gube hemijsku funkcionalnost.

So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis,

Spojila sam ove dve ideje i formulisala hipotezu

saying that, could possibly

koja pita da li je moguće

the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade

da se količina karcinogena smanjuje pri mariniranju

and could it be due to the differences in PH?

i da li se to dešava usled razlike u pH vrednosti?

So my idea was born,

Dakle, ideja je rođena,

and I had the project set up and a hypothesis,

uspostavila sam projekat i hipotezu,

so what was my next step?

i šta je bio sledeći korak?

Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at

Naravno, trebalo je da pronađem laboratoriju za taj rad

because I didn't have the equipment in my school.

jer nismo imali opremu za to u školi.

I thought this would be easy,

Mislila sam da će to biti lako,

but I emailed about 200 different people

ali sam na kraju poslala mejl na 200 različitih adresa,

within a five-hour radius of where I lived,

u radijusu od 5 sati vožnje u odnosu na mesto gde sam živela,

and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me.

a dobila samo jedan potvrdan odgovor, da bi oni mogli da rade sa mnom.

Most of the others either never responded back,

Većina preostalih ljudi ili nije nikada odgovorila,

said they didn't have the time

ili su mi rekli da nemaju vremena,

or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me.

ili nisu imali opremu i nisu zato mogli da mi pomognu.

So it was a big commitment

Zahtevalo je veliku posvećenost

to drive to the lab to work multiple times.

ta vožnja do laboratorije mnogo puta kako bih to uradila.

However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab --

Međutim, bila je to i sjajna prilika da radim u stvarnoj laboratoriji,

so I could finally start my project.

tako da sam napokon mogla da počnem sa projektom.

The first stage was completed at home,

Prvu faza sam završila kod kuće,

which consisted of marinating the chicken,

a to je mariniranje piletine,

grilling the chicken, amassing it

grilovanje piletine, sakupljanje dovoljne količine

and preparing it to be transported to the lab.

i pripremu za transport do laboratorije.

The second stage was completed

Drugu fazu sam završila

at the Penn State University main campus lab,

u laboratoriji glavnog odeljenja Pen Univerziteta,

which is where I extracted the chemicals,

tamo sam izolovala hemikalije,

changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment

menjala pH vrednost kako bih mogla da koristim opremu

and separated the compounds I needed

i odvojila sam jedinjenja koja su mi bila potrebna

from the rest of the chicken.

iz ostatka piletine.

The final stages, when I ran the samples

U finalnim fazama sam analizirala uzorke

through a high-pressure

uz pomoć likvidne hromatografije i mas-spektroskopije

liquid chromatography mass spectrometer,

pod visokim pritiskom,

which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals

koje omogućavaju razdvajanje jedinjenja i analizu hemikalija

and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had

i tačno odrede koliko je karcinogena

in my chicken.

bilo u mojoj piletini.

So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results,

Kada sam analizirala podatke, dobila sam veoma iznenađujuće rezultate,

because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients

jer sam otkrila da četiri od pet sastojaka za mariniranje

actually inhibited the carcinogen formation.

u principu inhibiraju stvaranje karcinogena.

When compared with the unmarinated chicken,

Upoređivanjem nemarinirane piletine,

which is what I used as my control,

a to je bila kontrola u eksperimentu,

I found that lemon juice worked by far the best,

zaključila sam da sok od limuna ima najbolje dejstvo,

which decreased the carcinogens

smanjio je nivo karcinogena

by about 98 percent.

za 98 odsto.

The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade

Preliv od slane vode i preliv od žutog šećera

also worked very well,

su se isto pokazali dobro,

decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent.

snižavajući nivo karcinogena za oko 60 odsto.

Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation,

Maslinovo ulje je neznatno smanjilo stvaranje FmIP-a,

but it was nearly negligible.

ali je uticaj bio zanemarljiv.

And the soy sauce results were inconclusive

Rezultati o efektu sosa od soje su bili neinformativni,

because of the large data range,

jer je postojala velika varijacija u uzorku,

but it seems like soy sauce

ali deluje kao da sos od soje

actually increased the potential carcinogens.

u principu povećava sadržaj karcinogena.

Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially

Još jedan značajan faktor koji na početku nisam uzimala u obzir

was the time cooked.

je trajanje kuvanja.

And I found that if you increase the time cooked,

Pronašla sam da je vreme kuvanja proporcionalno

the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases.

količini karcinogena u jelu.

So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this,

Na osnovu ovih rezultata, najbolji način za mariniranje piletine

is to, not under-cook,

nije da je kraće kuvate,

but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken,

ali svakako nije ni da je prekuvate ili užarite,

and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.

i potom je prelijete limunovim sokom, žutim šećerom ili slanom vodom.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

Based on these findings, I have a question for you.

Na osnovu ovih podataka, postavila bih vam pitanje.

Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet

Da li biste bili raspoloženi da uvedete jednostavnu promenu u svojoj ishrani

that could potentially save your life?

koja bi mogla da vam spasi život?

Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated,

Ja ne kažem da ćete sigurno oboleti od raka i umreti

you're definitely going to catch cancer and die.

ukoliko jedete piletinu na žaru koja nije marinirana.

However, anything you can do

Međutim, bilo šta što uradite

to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens

a što može smanjiti rizik od izlaganja karcinogenima

can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.

svakako može poboljšati vaš kvalitet života.

Is it worth it to you?

Da li je to vama dovoljno dobro?

How will you cook your chicken now?

Kako ćete pripremati sada piletinu?

(Applause)

(aplauz)

Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose.

Šri Boz: Zdrvo svima. Ja sam Šri Boz.

I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner

Ja sam pobednik u kategoriji od 17-18 godina

and then the grand prize winner.

i osvajač glavne nagrade.

And I want all of you

Želim da svi vi

to imagine a little girl

zamislite devojčicu

holding a dead blue spinach plant.

kako drži u rukama tamno plavi spanać.

And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you

Ona stoji ispred vas i objašnjava vam

that little kids will eat their vegetables

kako bi deca jela povrće

if they're different colors.

ukoliko je drukčije boje.

Sounds ridiculous, right.

Zvuči smešno, zar ne?

But that was me years ago.

Ali, to sam bila je pre mnogo godina.

And that was my first science fair project.

To je bio moj prvi projekat na sajmu nauke.

It got a bit more complicated from there.

Nakon toga je postalo malo komplikovanije.

My older brother Panaki Bose

Moj stariji brat Panaki Boz

spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me

je provodio sate objašnjavajući mi sve o atomima

when I barely understood basic algebra.

kada sam jedva razumela osnove algebre.

My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects,

Moji roditelji su istrpeli mnogo mojih projekata za sajam nauke,

including a remote controlled garbage can.

uključujući i kantu za đubre koja radi na upravljač.

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And then came the summer after my freshman year,

A onda je nastupilo leto nakon moje brucoške godine

when my grandfather passed away due to cancer.

kada je rak ubio mog dedu.

And I remember watching my family go through that

Sećam se da sam posmatrala svoju porodicu kako prolazi kroz sve to

and thinking that I never wanted another family

i pomislila sam kako ne želim da i jedna porodica

to feel that kind of loss.

doživi takav gubitak.

So, armed with all the wisdom

Naoružana svom tom mudrošću

of freshman year biology,

nakon prve godine biologije,

I decided I wanted to do cancer research

odlučila sam da želim da se bavim istraživanjem raka

at 15.

sa 15 godina.

Good plan.

Dobar plan.

So I started emailing all of these professors in my area

Počela sam da šaljem mejlove svim profesorima u mojoj okolini

asking to work under their supervision in a lab.

raspitivajući se za mogućnost da radim u njihovoj laboratoriji.

Got rejected by all except one.

Svi su me odbili, sem jednog.

And then went on, my next summer,

A onda sam, sledećeg leta, otišla da radim

to work under Dr. Basu

pod supervizijom Dr. Basu

at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas.

u Zdravstvenom centru Univerziteta Severnog Teksasa u Fort Vortu u Teksasu.

And that is where the research began.

Tamo je istraživanje počelo.

So ovarian cancer

Rak jajnika je tip raka

is one of those cancers that most people don't know about,

o kom mnogi ljudi ne znaju,

or at least don't pay that much attention to.

ili barem ne obraćaju pažnju na to.

But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths

Ali je čak peti po redu uzrok smrti usled raka

among women in the United States.

kod žena u Sjedinjenim Državama.

In fact, one in 70 women

Činjenica je da će jednoj od 70 žena

will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

biti dijagnostikovan rak jajnika.

One in 100

Jedna od sto

will die from it.

će umreti od toga.

Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways

Hemoterapija, jedna od najefektnijih tretmana

used to treat cancer today,

za lečenje raka danas,

involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals

podrazumeva davanje visokih doza hemikalija pacijentima

to try and kill off cancer cells.

kako bismo pokušali da ubijemo ćelije raka.

Cisplatin is a relatively common

Cisplatin je opšti lek

ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug --

koji se primenjuje u hemoterapiji pri lečenju raka jajnika

a relatively simple molecule made in the lab

to je relativno jednostavan molekul napravljen u laboratoriji

that messes with the DNA of cancer cells

koji interferira sa DNK ćelija raka

and causes them to kill themselves.

i navodi te ćelije na samoubistvo.

Sounds great, right?

Zvuči odlično, zar ne?

But here's the problem:

Ali u ovome je problem

sometimes patients become resistant to the drug,

dešava se da pacijenti razviju otpornost na lek,

and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free,

i godinama nakon momenta kada im je rečeno da su izlečeni,

they come back.

rak se povrati.

And this time, they no longer respond to the drug.

U tom slučaju, pacijenti više ne reaguju na taj lek.

It's a huge problem.

To je ogroman problem.

In fact, it's one of the biggest problems

U principu, to je i najveći problem

with chemotherapy today.

danas u hemoterapiji.

So we wanted to figure out

Želeli smo da shvatimo

how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant

kako ove ćelije raka jajnika razvijaju rezistentnost

to this drug called Cisplatin.

na lek Cisplatin.

And we wanted to figure this out,

Želeli smo to da shvatimo,

because if we could figure that out,

jer ako to razumemo,

then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening.

onda bismo možda bili u stanju da sprečimo razvijanje rezistentnosti.

So that's what we set out to do.

To je ono što smo hteli da uradimo.

And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase,

Mislili smo da je protein, AMP kinaza, uključen u taj proces,

an energy protein.

to je protein uključen u proizvodnju energije.

So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein,

Odradili smo sve ove testove kako bismo blokirali protein,

and we saw this huge shift.

i uočili smo ovu ogromnu razliku.

I mean, on the slide, you can see

Na ovom slajdu možete videti

that on our sensitive side,

da na strani gde su osetljive ćelije

these cells that are responding to the drug,

one reaguju na lek,

when we start blocking the protein,

kada počnemo da blokiramo protein,

the number of dying cells -- those colored dots --

dolazi do smanjenja broja

they're going down.

ćelija koje umiru, to su ove obojene tačke.

But then on this side, with the same treatment,

Ali na ovom delu, uz isti tretman

they're going up -- interesting.

broj se povećava, interesantno.

But those are dots on a screen for you;

Ovo su za vas tačke na ekranu,

what exactly does that mean?

šta to tačno znači?

Well basically that means

To u suštini znači

that this protein is changing

da se ovaj protein menja

from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

kod osetljivih i rezistentnih ćelija.

And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves

U principu, možda menja i same ćelije

to make the cells resistant.

i čini ih rezistentnim.

And that's huge.

To je ogromno otkriće.

In fact, it means that if a patient comes in

To u principu znači da ukoliko

and they're resistant to this drug,

je pacijent otporan na lek,

then if we give them a chemical to block this protein,

mi ćemo biti u stanju da ga lečimo istim lekom,

then we can treat them again

ukoliko mu damo hemikaliju

with the same drug.

koja blokira ovaj protein.

And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness --

Ovo je ogroman korak u usavršavanju hemoterapije,

possibly for many different types of cancer.

moguće za mnoge različite vrste raka.

So that was my work,

To je moje delo,

and it was my way of reimagining the future

tako ja zamišljanjam budućnost

for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does,

za buduća istraživanja, razumevanje onoga šta tačno taj protein radi,

but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness --

ali to je i put razvoja efektnosti hemoterapije,

so maybe all grandfathers with cancer

tako da će možda sve deke koje boluju od raka

have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.

provesti malo više vremena sa svojim unucima.

But my work wasn't just about the research.

Moj rad ne predstavlja samo moje istraživanje.

It was about finding my passion.

Radi se o pronalaženju moje strasti.

That's why being the grand prize winner

Zbog toga je osvajanje glavne nagrade

of the Google Global Science Fair --

na Guglovom Sajmu nauke,

cute picture, right --

dobra slika, zar ne-

it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor.

meni toliko značilo i predstavlja mi veliku čast.

And ever since then,

Od tod trenutka sam

I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff --

bila u prilici da se nađem u veoma kul situacijama,

from getting to meet the president

od upoznavanja predsednika

to getting to be on this stage

do toga da sam sada na ovoj bini

to talk to all of you guys.

i pričam sa vama.

But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research,

Ali kao što sam rekla, moje putovanje ne predstavlja samo istraživanje,

it was about finding my passion,

to je put pronalaženja moje strasti,

and it was about making my own opportunities

i to je način kreiranja sopstvenih prilika

when I didn't even know what I was doing.

u momentima kada čak nisam ni znala šta radim.

It was about inspiration

Tu se radi o inspiraciji,

and determination

i posvećenosti

and never giving up on my interest

i neodustajanja od mojih interesvoanja

for science and learning and growing.

prema nauci, učenju i razvitku.

After all, my story begins

Na kraju, moja priča počinje

with a dried, withered spinach plant

sa osušenim, oštećenim spanaćem

and it's only getting better from there.

i od tada je postajalo samo bolje.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah,

Naomi Ša: Zdravo svima. Ja sam Naomi Ša,

and today I'll be talking to you about my research

i pričaću vam o svom istraživanju

involving indoor air quality

kvaliteta vazduha u zatvorenom prostoru

and asthmatic patients.

i pacijentima koji boluju od astme.

1.6 million deaths worldwide.

Od toga umre 1.6 miliona ljudi širom sveta.

One death every 20 seconds.

Svakih 20 sekundi neko umre zbog toga.

People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors.

Ljudi provedu više od 90 odsto vremena u zatvorenom prostoru.

And the economic burden of asthma

Ekonomska šteta koju astma nanosi

exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined.

je veća od uticaja HIV-a i tuberkuloze zajedno.

Now these statistics had a huge impact on me,

Ovi podaci su značajno uticali na mene,

but what really sparked my interest in my research

ali ono što me je zaista zainteresovalo za istraživanje

was watching both my dad and my brother

jeste patnja moga oca i brata

suffer from chronic allergies year-round.

koji se bore sa hroničnim alregijama tokom cele godine.

It confused me;

To me je zbunilo,

why did these allergy symptoms persist

zašto simptomi alergije ne nestanu

well past the pollen season?

nakon završetka sezone polena?

With this question in mind, I started researching,

Ovim pitanjem sam započela istraživanja

and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit.

i ubrzo sam shvatila da su zagađivači vazduha u zatvorenom prostoru glavni krivci.

As soon as I realized this,

Čim sam to shvatila,

I investigated the underlying relationship

počela sam da istražujem odnos

between four prevalent air pollutants

između glavnih zagađivača vazduha

and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

i efekta koji imaju na pluća asmatičara.

At first, I just wanted to figure out

Na početku sam samo želela da shvatim

which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact

koji od ova četiri zagađivača imaju najsnažniji negativni uticaj

on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

na zdravlje pluća asmatičara.

But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model

Ubrzo nakon toga razvila sam novi matematički model

that essentially quantifies the effect

koji u suštini kvantifikuje efekat

of these environmental pollutants

ovih zagađivača sredine

on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

na zdravlje pluća asmatičara.

And it surprises me

Iznenađuje me to

that no model currently exists

što takav model nije postojao do danas,

that quantifies the effect of environmental factors

model koji bi merio efekat faktora sredine

on human lung health,

na zdravlje pluća ljudi,

because that relationship seems so important.

s obzirom na to da se ta veza čini značajnom.

So with that in mind,

Imajući to u vidu

I started researching more, I started investigating more,

počela sam da istražujem više, da pronalazim više,

and I became very passionate.

i postala sam veoma obuzeta time.

Because I realized

Shvatila sam da ukoliko

that if we could find a way to target remediation,

bismo našli način da targetiramo štetni uticaj,

we could also find a way

mogli bismo i da nađemo način

to treat asthmatic patients more effectively.

da lečimo asmatičare efektnije.

For example, volatile organic compounds

Na primer, isparljiva organska jedinjenja

are chemical pollutants

su hemijski zagađivači

that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces.

kojih ima u našim školama, kućama i radnom mestu.

They're everywhere.

Posvuda se nalaze.

These chemical pollutants

Ovi hemijski zagađivači se

are currently not a criteria air pollutant,

ne nalaze na listi registrovanih zagađivača,

as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act.

po kriterijumima akta "Čist vazduh" Sjedinjenih Država.

Which is surprising to me,

To me iznenađuje,

because these chemical pollutants, through my research,

jer sam kroz svoje istraživanje shvatila da ovi hemijski zagađivači

I show that they had a very large negative impact

imaju izrazito loš uticaj

on the lung health of asthmatic patients

na zdravlje pluća asmatičara

and thus should be regulated.

i usled toga bi trebalo da budu regulisani.

So today I want to show you

Danas želim da vam pokažem

my interactive software model that I created.

interaktivni model softvera koji sam izumela.

I'm going to show it to you on my laptop.

Prikazaću ga na svom laptopu.

And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today,

Moj volonter je u publici danas,

Julie.

Džuli.

And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered

Svi Džilini podaci su ubačeni u

into my interactive software model.

moj interaktivni model softvera.

And this can be used by anyone.

Ovo svako može da koristi.

So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes,

Želim da zamislite da ste Džuli,

or someone who's really close to you

ili neko ko vam je veoma blizak,

who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder.

a pati od astme ili druge bolesti pluća.

So Julie's going to her doctor's office

Džuli odlazi kod svog lekara

to get treated for her asthma.

kako bi dobila lek za astmu.

And the doctor has her sit down,

Doktor je posadi na stolicu,

and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate --

i analizira njen maksimalni kapacitet plućnog izdisaja,

which is essentially her exhalation rate,

to je jačina njenog izdaha,

or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.

ili količina vazduha koji ona pri jednom izdahu izbaci iz pluća.

So that peak expiratory flow rate,

Tako da sam ja u ovaj interaktivni model softvera

I've entered it up into the interactive software model.

unela kapacitet njenog izdisaja.

I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height.

Unela sam takođe njene godine, pol i visinu.

I've assumed that she lives in an average household

Pretpostavila sam da živi u prosečnom domaćinstvu

with average air pollutant levels.

sa prosečnom količinom zagađivača vazduha.

So any user can come in here

Tako da bilo koji korisnik

and click on "lung function report"

može samo da klikne na dugme "izveštaj o radu pluća"

and it'll take them to this report that I created.

i to će ga usmeriti na ovaj izveštaj koji sam kreirala.

And this report really drives home the crux of my research.

Ovaj izveštaj je zaista najvažniji aspekat mog istraživanja.

So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner --

Ono što ovde vidite, ukoliko se fokusirate na gornji grafik u desnom uglu,

it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate

jeste Džulin izmereni kapacitet izdisaja

in the yellow bar.

predstavljen žutom bojom.

This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office.

To je merenje koje je sproveo njen lekar.

In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph,

U plavoj boji na dnu samog grafika,

it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate,

vidite koliki bi maksimalan kapacitet izdisaja,

what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be

njena stopa izdisaja ili funkcionalnost pluća trebalo da budu

based on her age, gender and height.

na osnovu njenih godina, pola i visine.

So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar,

Tako da lekar može uočiti razliku između žutog i plavog grafika

and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids,

i zaključi: "Opa, moramo primeniti steroide,

medication and inhalers."

lekove i inhalatore."

But I want everyone here to reimagine a world

Želim da svi zamislite svet u kom će,

where instead of prescribing steroids,

umesto prepisivanja steroida,

inhalers and medication,

inhalatora i lekova,

the doctor turns to Julie and says,

doktor reći Džuli sledeće:

"Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters.

"Zašto ne biste otišli kući i zamenili filtere za vazduh.

Clean out the air ducts in your home,

Očistite provodnike vazduha u kući,

in your workplace, in your school.

na vašem radnom mestu, u školi.

Stop the use of incense and candles.

Nemojte koristiti tamjan i sveće.

And if you're remodeling your house,

Ukoliko renovirate svoj dom,

take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring."

izbacite sve tepihe i postavite drveni parket."

Because these solutions are natural,

To govorim jer su rešenja u prirodi,

these solutions are sustainable,

ova rešenja su održiva,

and these solutions are long-term investments --

i ovakva rešenja predstavljaju dugoročna ulaganja,

long-term investments that we're making

dugoročna ulaganja koja činimo

for our generation and for future generations.

za našu generaciju i generacije koje dolaze.

Because these environmental solutions

Rešenja koja menjaju okolinu,

that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school

što Džuli može uraditi u svojoj kući, radnom mestu i u školi

are impacting everyone that lives around her.

utiču na sve ljude sa kojima ona živi.

So I'm very passionate about this research

Ja veoma pasionirano doživaljavam ovo istraživanje

and I really want to continue it

i zaista želim da to nastavim

and expand it to more disorders besides asthma,

i uključim u istraživanje ne samo astmu

more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants.

već više respiratornih bolesti, a i više zagađivača vazduha.

But before I end my talk today,

Želim da završim svoje izlaganje

I want to leave you with one saying.

sa jednom porukom.

And that saying is that genetics loads the gun,

A to je da genetika zaista jeste metak u pištolju,

but the environment pulls the trigger.

ali sredina je okidač tog pištolja.

And that made a huge impact on me

To je značajno uticalo na mene

when I was doing this research.

dok sam sprovodila istraživanje.

Because what I feel, is a lot of us think

Mislim da mnogi od nas smatraju

that the environment is at a macro level,

da je životna sredina na makro nivou,

that we can't do anything to change our air quality

da mi ne možemo učiniti ništa kako bismo promenili kvalitet vazduha,

or to change the climate or anything.

ili promenili klimu ili bilo šta.

But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home,

Ali ukoliko bi svako od nas preduzeo prve korake u svom domu,

in our own school and in our own workplace,

u našim školama, radnim mestima,

we can make a huge difference in air quality.

mogli bismo vrlo značajno da utičemo na kvalitet vazduha.

Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors.

Jer, zapamtite, mi provodimo 90 odsto vremena u zatvorenom prostoru.

And air quality and air pollutants

Kvalitet vazduha i zagađivači vazduha

have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients,

imaju ogroman uticaj na zdravlje pluća asmatičara,

anyone with a respiratory disorder

svih koji pate od respiratornih bolesti,

and really all of us in general.

i zaista na sve nas.

So I want you to reimagine a world

Tako da ja želim da zamislite svet

with better air quality,

u kom je vazduh boljeg kvaliteta,

better quality of life

u kom je život kvalitetniji,

and better quality of living for everyone

u kom je kvalitet života bolji za sve

including our future generations.

uključujući i generacije koje dolaze.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(aplauz)

Lisa Ling: Right.

Liza Ling: Baš tako.

Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly?

Da li bi Šri i Lauren mogle da nam se pridruže na kratko?

Your Google Science Fair champions.

Vi ste šampionke Guglovog Sajma nauke.

Your winners.

Vi ste pobednice.

(Applause)

(aplauz)