Award-winning teen-age science in action

83,552 views ใƒป 2012-01-10

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeongyob Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:15
Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option,
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๋กœ๋ Œ ํ•˜์ง€: ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์›ฐ๋น™์˜ต์…˜์„ ์„ ํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:18
which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”, ๊ตฌ์ด ์น˜ํ‚จ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ”„๋ผ์ด๋“œ์น˜ํ‚จ?
00:20
Now most people would answer grilled,
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์š”์ฆ˜์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฌ์ด์น˜ํ‚จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories.
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๊ตฌ์šด ๋‹ญ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์—ด๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์ด๋Š” ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines --
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๊ทธ ์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฆญ ์•„๋ฏผ ๋ฅ˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”
00:29
specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine,
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” phenomethylimidazopyridine ๋˜๋Š”
00:31
or PhIP --
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PhlP๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:33
(laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:35
which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.
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๋ฉด์—ญ์ƒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์•”์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
A carcinogen is any substance or agent
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๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
00:40
that causes abnormal growth of cells,
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์„ธํฌ์˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
00:42
which can also cause them to metastasize or spread.
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์ „์ด๋‚˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
They are also organic compounds
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์ธ๋ฐ
00:47
in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia
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์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€
00:50
is replaced with a more complex group.
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๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
Studies show that antioxidants
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฐํ™”๋ฐฉ์ง€์ œ๋Š”
00:54
are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines.
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ํ—คํ…Œ๋กœ์‚ฌ์ดํด๋ฆญ ์•„๋ฏผ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
However, no studies exist yet
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์•„์ง
00:58
that show how or why.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ง€ ๋ฐํ˜€ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe,
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:06
which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋จน๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ค„์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:09
Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ 13์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์—ฌ์ž์• ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”.
01:12
And I was led to it through a series of events.
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office --
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ์˜์‚ฌ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋˜ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
01:17
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:20
which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine
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๊ทธ ์†Œ์†ก์€ ์ฑ…์ž„์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌํšŒ์™€
01:23
and seven different fast food restaurants.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ 7๊ฐœ์˜ ํŒจ์ŠคํŠธํ‘ธ๋“œ ๋ ˆ์Šคํ† ๋ž‘ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
01:25
They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken,
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์†Œ์†ก์€ ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
01:28
but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65,
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ฒ•์•ˆ 65ํ˜ธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”,
01:32
which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œํ’ˆ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:35
then the companies had to give a clear warning.
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฃผ์˜๊ถŒ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์กฐํ•ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
So I was very surprised about this.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
And I was wondering why nobody knew more
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์™œ ์•„๋ฌด๋„
01:41
about this dangerous grilled chicken,
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๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ
01:43
which doesn't seem very harmful.
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๊ตฌ์šด ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ๋ฐค, ์ €ํฌ ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์šด ๋‹ญ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:48
and I noticed that the edges of the chicken,
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๋ ˆ๋ชฌ ์ฃผ์Šค๋กœ ์–‘๋…ํ•œ ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
01:50
which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white.
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ํ•˜์–—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ƒ๋ฌผ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐฐ์šด๊ฑด๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณ€์„ฑ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”,
01:56
which is where the proteins will change shape
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๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ 
01:58
and lose their ability to chemically function.
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:01
So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ์ณ์„œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:04
saying that, could possibly
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฑฐ๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:06
the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade
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๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ์–‘๋… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜๊ณ 
02:09
and could it be due to the differences in PH?
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ?
02:11
So my idea was born,
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ,
02:13
and I had the project set up and a hypothesis,
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:15
so what was my next step?
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:17
Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at
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์Œ ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
02:19
because I didn't have the equipment in my school.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ ํ•™๊ต์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
02:22
I thought this would be easy,
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์ €๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:24
but I emailed about 200 different people
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ 5์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:26
within a five-hour radius of where I lived,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 200๋ช…์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ๋งŒ์ด ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Most of the others either never responded back,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์˜ˆ ํšŒ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:33
said they didn't have the time
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:35
or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me.
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์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
So it was a big commitment
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:39
to drive to the lab to work multiple times.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๊นŒ์ง€ ์šด์ „ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง„์งœ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:44
so I could finally start my project.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
The first stage was completed at home,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์™„๋ฃŒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
02:48
which consisted of marinating the chicken,
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๋‹ญ์„ ์–‘๋…ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:50
grilling the chicken, amassing it
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๊ตฝ๊ณ , ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ ,
02:52
and preparing it to be transported to the lab.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜€์ฃ .
02:55
The second stage was completed
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
02:57
at the Penn State University main campus lab,
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ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณธ๊ต ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:59
which is where I extracted the chemicals,
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ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์„œ,
03:01
changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment
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์‚ฐ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์‹คํ—˜์žฅ๋น„์— ๋„ฃ์–ด
03:03
and separated the compounds I needed
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๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
03:05
from the rest of the chicken.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:07
The final stages, when I ran the samples
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋“ค์„
03:09
through a high-pressure
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๊ณ ์•• ์•ก์ฒด
03:11
liquid chromatography mass spectrometer,
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ํฌ๋กœ๋งˆํ† ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ผ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:14
which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™”ํ•™์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด์„œ
03:17
and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had
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๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
03:19
in my chicken.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results,
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๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:24
because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด 5๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์–‘๋… ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ค‘ 4๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
03:27
actually inhibited the carcinogen formation.
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๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:29
When compared with the unmarinated chicken,
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์–‘๋…์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
03:31
which is what I used as my control,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
I found that lemon juice worked by far the best,
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๋ ˆ๋ชฌ ์ฃผ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
03:36
which decreased the carcinogens
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๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜
03:38
by about 98 percent.
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98ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade
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์†Œ๊ธˆ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์–‘๋…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‘์„คํƒ• ์–‘๋…๋„
03:43
also worked very well,
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์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ
03:45
decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent.
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๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์•ฝ 60%๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation,
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ์˜ค์ผ๋„ PhlP ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:50
but it was nearly negligible.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
And the soy sauce results were inconclusive
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๊ฐ„์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:54
because of the large data range,
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋„“์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:56
but it seems like soy sauce
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ„์žฅ์€
03:58
actually increased the potential carcinogens.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์ธ์€
04:02
was the time cooked.
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
And I found that if you increase the time cooked,
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด
04:06
the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases.
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๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์–‘๋…๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์€
04:12
is to, not under-cook,
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๋œ ์ตํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
04:14
but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken,
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์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ตฝ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํƒœ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
04:16
and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.
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๋ ˆ๋ชฌ์ฃผ์Šค๋‚˜ ํ‘์„คํƒ•์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ธˆ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์–‘๋…์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:26
Based on these findings, I have a question for you.
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์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:29
Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
04:32
that could potentially save your life?
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์‹์ƒํ™œ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
04:34
Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–‘๋…๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ตฌ์šด ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ์‹œ๋ฉด
04:36
you're definitely going to catch cancer and die.
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์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
However, anything you can do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
04:40
to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ์•”๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด
04:42
can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Is it worth it to you?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:47
How will you cook your chicken now?
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‹ญ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
04:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:05
Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose.
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์‰ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์Šค: ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ „ ์‰ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ณด์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner
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์ €๋Š” 17~18์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์šฐ์Šน์ž์ด๊ณ 
05:09
and then the grand prize winner.
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๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
And I want all of you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„
05:14
to imagine a little girl
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์ž‘์€ ์†Œ๋…€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
05:16
holding a dead blue spinach plant.
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์ฃฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ํŒŒ๋ž€ ์‹œ๊ธˆ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:19
And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์— ์„œ์„œ
05:22
that little kids will eat their vegetables
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์ด ์•ผ์ฑ„๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
if they're different colors.
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์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:26
Sounds ridiculous, right.
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ 
05:28
But that was me years ago.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ช‡๋…„์ „์— ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
And that was my first science fair project.
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์ œ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:33
It got a bit more complicated from there.
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ข€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
My older brother Panaki Bose
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์ œ ์˜ค๋น ์ธ ํŒŒ๋‚˜ํ‚ค ๋ณด์Šค๋Š”
05:38
spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me
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์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์›์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”,
05:41
when I barely understood basic algebra.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ๋•Œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:44
My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects,
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์ €ํฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์ €์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณผํ•™ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:47
including a remote controlled garbage can.
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์›๊ฒฉ์กฐ์ข… ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐํ†ต๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:51
And then came the summer after my freshman year,
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1ํ•™๋…„์ด ๋˜๋˜ ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:54
when my grandfather passed away due to cancer.
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์•” ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ€์…จ์ฃ .
05:57
And I remember watching my family go through that
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ
05:59
and thinking that I never wanted another family
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€
06:02
to feel that kind of loss.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„ํ””์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
So, armed with all the wisdom
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1ํ•™๋…„ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์—์„œ
06:07
of freshman year biology,
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๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ,
06:09
I decided I wanted to do cancer research
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์•”์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ์Œ ๋จน์—ˆ์ฃ ,
06:12
at 15.
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15์‚ด์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:14
Good plan.
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์ข‹์€ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:16
So I started emailing all of these professors in my area
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๋“ค๊ป˜
06:18
asking to work under their supervision in a lab.
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ง€๋„ํ•˜์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:22
Got rejected by all except one.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋นผ๋†“๊ตฌ์š”.
06:24
And then went on, my next summer,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—
06:26
to work under Dr. Basu
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๋ฐ”์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜ ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas.
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๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜์€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ํฌํŠธ ์›Œ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” UNT ํ—ฌ์Šค ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:31
And that is where the research began.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
So ovarian cancer
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๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์€
06:36
is one of those cancers that most people don't know about,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:39
or at least don't pay that much attention to.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์•”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ค‘ ์•”์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
06:45
among women in the United States.
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์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์˜ ๋‹ค์„ฏ๋ฒˆ ์งธ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
In fact, one in 70 women
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์‚ฌ์‹ค 70๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์ด
06:50
will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
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๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
One in 100
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100๋ช…์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด
06:54
will die from it.
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์ฃ .
06:56
Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways
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ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•”์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”
06:58
used to treat cancer today,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
07:00
involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals
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์•”์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜
07:02
to try and kill off cancer cells.
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ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
Cisplatin is a relatively common
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์‹œ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด์ด ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ
07:07
ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug --
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๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
07:10
a relatively simple molecule made in the lab
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๋น„๊ต์  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ์„œ
07:13
that messes with the DNA of cancer cells
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์•”์„ธํฌ์˜ DNA์™€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•ด์„œ
07:15
and causes them to kill themselves.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Sounds great, right?
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ฃ , ๊ทธ์ตธ?
07:19
But here's the problem:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:21
sometimes patients become resistant to the drug,
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
07:24
and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free,
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๋ช‡๋…„ ํ›„์—” ์•”์ด ์—†์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:27
they come back.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฐœํ•˜์ฃ .
07:29
And this time, they no longer respond to the drug.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์•ฝ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
It's a huge problem.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
07:33
In fact, it's one of the biggest problems
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด
07:35
with chemotherapy today.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
So we wanted to figure out
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
07:39
how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant
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๋‚œ์†Œ์•” ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ”Œ๋ผํ‹ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์—
07:42
to this drug called Cisplatin.
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์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And we wanted to figure this out,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์™œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
07:46
because if we could figure that out,
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์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก๋„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜
07:48
then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening.
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์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
So that's what we set out to do.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:53
And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” AMP ํ‚ค๋‚˜์•„์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ,
07:56
an energy protein.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ์ด๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:01
and we saw this huge shift.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
I mean, on the slide, you can see
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์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
08:05
that on our sensitive side,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ,
08:07
these cells that are responding to the drug,
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์ด ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
08:09
when we start blocking the protein,
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์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์ž
08:11
the number of dying cells -- those colored dots --
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์ƒ‰๊นŒ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ฉธ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€
08:14
they're going down.
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์ค„์–ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
But then on this side, with the same treatment,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ชฝ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:19
they're going up -- interesting.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
But those are dots on a screen for you;
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์œ„์— ์ด ์ ๋“ค์€
08:24
what exactly does that mean?
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์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์–ผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:26
Well basically that means
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑด
08:28
that this protein is changing
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์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด
08:30
from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.
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๊ฐ์ˆ˜์„ฑ ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์„ธํฌ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์ด
08:36
to make the cells resistant.
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๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
And that's huge.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
08:41
In fact, it means that if a patient comes in
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋“ค์–ด์™€์„œ
08:43
and they're resistant to this drug,
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์ด ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:45
then if we give them a chemical to block this protein,
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์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
08:48
then we can treat them again
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๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ
08:50
with the same drug.
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์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:55
possibly for many different types of cancer.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•”์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
So that was my work,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ž‘์—…์ด์—ˆ๊ตฌ์š”,
09:01
and it was my way of reimagining the future
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์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ,
09:04
for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does,
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:08
but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ• ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:11
so maybe all grandfathers with cancer
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์•”์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋“ค์€
09:14
have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.
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์†์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
09:17
But my work wasn't just about the research.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
It was about finding my passion.
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์ œ ์—ด์ •๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
That's why being the grand prize winner
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค ํŽ˜์–ด์—์„œ
09:26
of the Google Global Science Fair --
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๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
cute picture, right --
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๊ท€์—ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ , ๊ทธ์ฃ 
09:30
it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor.
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์ง„์งœ ์‹ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜์˜ˆ์˜€์ฃ .
09:33
And ever since then,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ
09:35
I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff --
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
09:37
from getting to meet the president
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๋ต™๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
09:39
to getting to be on this stage
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜ ์ด ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ
09:41
to talk to all of you guys.
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ €์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—๋งŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
09:46
it was about finding my passion,
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์ €์˜ ์—ด์ •์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:48
and it was about making my own opportunities
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์–ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ
09:50
when I didn't even know what I was doing.
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
It was about inspiration
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ฐ๊ณผ
09:55
and determination
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๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:57
and never giving up on my interest
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๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ
09:59
for science and learning and growing.
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๋ฐฐ์›€๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
After all, my story begins
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์–ด์จŒ๋˜, ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š”
10:05
with a dried, withered spinach plant
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๋ง๋ผ ๋น„ํ‹€์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ธˆ์น˜๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
10:07
and it's only getting better from there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:23
Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah,
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๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฏธ ์ƒค: ์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฏธ ์ƒค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:26
and today I'll be talking to you about my research
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณผํ…๋ฐ์š”
10:28
involving indoor air quality
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์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ์งˆ๊ณผ
10:30
and asthmatic patients.
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์ฒœ์‹ํ™˜์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
1.6 million deaths worldwide.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ผ๋ฐฑ ์œก์‹ญ๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
One death every 20 seconds.
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20์ดˆ๋‹น ํ•œ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ์•  90% ์ด์ƒ์„ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
And the economic burden of asthma
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์ฒœ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€
10:44
exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined.
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HIV์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ต์„ ํ•ฉ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Now these statistics had a huge impact on me,
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์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”,
10:50
but what really sparked my interest in my research
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:53
was watching both my dad and my brother
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์ œ ์•„๋น ์™€ ์˜ค๋น ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
10:55
suffer from chronic allergies year-round.
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๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ผ๋…„ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์•Œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:57
It confused me;
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:59
why did these allergy symptoms persist
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์™œ ์ด ์•Œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€ ์ฆ์ƒ์€
11:01
well past the pollen season?
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๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ฐธ ์ง€๋‚˜๋„ ๊ณ„์† ๋˜๋Š”์ง€?
11:03
With this question in mind, I started researching,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋‘๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:06
and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๊ณง ์‹ค๋‚ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:09
As soon as I realized this,
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์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด์ž ๋งˆ์ž,
11:11
I investigated the underlying relationship
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:13
between four prevalent air pollutants
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๋„ค๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ๊ณผ
11:15
and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients.
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์ฒœ์‹ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:18
At first, I just wanted to figure out
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๋จผ์ € ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€
11:21
which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact
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์˜ค์—ผ์› ์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒœ์‹ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—
11:24
on the lung health of asthmatic patients.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
11:30
that essentially quantifies the effect
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ฒœ์‹ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—
11:32
of these environmental pollutants
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๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„
11:35
on the lung health of asthmatic patients.
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๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
And it surprises me
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋†€๋ž๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:39
that no model currently exists
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:41
that quantifies the effect of environmental factors
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ธ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”
11:43
on human lung health,
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๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:45
because that relationship seems so important.
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๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:48
So with that in mind,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑธ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ 
11:50
I started researching more, I started investigating more,
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๋”๋”์šฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:52
and I became very passionate.
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์ €๋Š” ๋” ์—ด์ •์ ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
Because I realized
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๋งŒ์ผ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„
11:56
that if we could find a way to target remediation,
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์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:58
we could also find a way
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒœ์‹ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:00
to treat asthmatic patients more effectively.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
For example, volatile organic compounds
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€
12:06
are chemical pollutants
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ต, ๊ฐ€์ •, ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”
12:08
that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces.
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
They're everywhere.
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
These chemical pollutants
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์ด ํ™”ํ•™ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€
12:14
are currently not a criteria air pollutant,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฒ•์—์„œ
12:16
as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
Which is surprising to me,
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
12:20
because these chemical pollutants, through my research,
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์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™”ํ•™์  ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
12:22
I show that they had a very large negative impact
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์ฒœ์‹ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ
12:25
on the lung health of asthmatic patients
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:27
and thus should be regulated.
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๋งˆ๋•…ํžˆ ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
So today I want to show you
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
12:31
my interactive software model that I created.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
12:34
I'm going to show it to you on my laptop.
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์ œ ๋…ธํŠธ๋ถ์—์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
12:36
And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด๊ณณ์— ๊ณ„์‹  ์ฒญ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ž์›์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:38
Julie.
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์ค„๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered
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์ค„๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ œ ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์—
12:43
into my interactive software model.
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๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
And this can be used by anyone.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ค„๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋งค์šฐ
12:49
or someone who's really close to you
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๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
12:51
who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder.
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์ฒœ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ํ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ง์ด์—์š”.
12:54
So Julie's going to her doctor's office
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์ค„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ
12:56
to get treated for her asthma.
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์ฒœ์‹ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
And the doctor has her sit down,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ค„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•‰ํžŒ ํ›„์—,
13:00
and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate --
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์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ 
13:03
which is essentially her exhalation rate,
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:05
or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ˆจ์‰ด๋•Œ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์–‘์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:08
So that peak expiratory flow rate,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„
13:10
I've entered it up into the interactive software model.
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์ด ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height.
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๋‚˜์ด์™€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‹ ์žฅ๋„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
I've assumed that she lives in an average household
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์ค„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜
13:17
with average air pollutant levels.
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๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
So any user can come in here
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์•„๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์™€์„œ
13:21
and click on "lung function report"
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"ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ"๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด
13:23
and it'll take them to this report that I created.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
And this report really drives home the crux of my research.
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์ด ๋ฆฌํฌํŠธ๋Š” ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:29
So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ๊ตฌ์„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„์ชฝ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
13:33
it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate
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์ค„๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์„
13:35
in the yellow bar.
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๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph,
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„ ์•„๋ž˜ ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๋Š”
13:42
it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ
13:45
what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be
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ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰, ๋˜๋Š” ํ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๋‚˜์ด, ์„ฑ, ์‹ ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ,
13:47
based on her age, gender and height.
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ฃ .
13:50
So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€์™€ ํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
13:53
and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids,
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"์ด๋Ÿฐ, ์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์™€ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๊ณผ
13:56
medication and inhalers."
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ํก์ž…๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๊ตฐ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
But I want everyone here to reimagine a world
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์ด
14:02
where instead of prescribing steroids,
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์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ์™€,
14:04
inhalers and medication,
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ํก์ž…๊ธฐ, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:06
the doctor turns to Julie and says,
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
14:08
"Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters.
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"์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:10
Clean out the air ducts in your home,
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๊ฐ€์ •๊ณผ ์ง์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ†ตํ’๊ด€์„ ์ฒญ์†Œํ•˜์„ธ์š”"๋ผ๊ณ 
14:12
in your workplace, in your school.
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๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
Stop the use of incense and candles.
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ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์–‘์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
14:17
And if you're remodeling your house,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ง‘์„ ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:19
take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring."
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์นดํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ณ  ์›๋ชฉ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๊นŒ์„ธ์š”.
14:22
Because these solutions are natural,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ ์นœํ™”์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
14:24
these solutions are sustainable,
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๊ณ 
14:26
and these solutions are long-term investments --
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ํˆฌ์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
14:29
long-term investments that we're making
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์ด ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€
14:31
for our generation and for future generations.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
Because these environmental solutions
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ด๋‚˜, ์ง์žฅ, ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
14:36
that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€
14:39
are impacting everyone that lives around her.
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๊ทธ๋…€ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
So I'm very passionate about this research
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์—ด์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:44
and I really want to continue it
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์ •๋ง ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉฐ
14:46
and expand it to more disorders besides asthma,
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์ฒœ์‹์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค๊ณผ
14:49
more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
But before I end my talk today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
14:54
I want to leave you with one saying.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
14:56
And that saying is that genetics loads the gun,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋Š” ์ด์„ ์žฅ์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
14:59
but the environment pulls the trigger.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ๋ฅผ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
And that made a huge impact on me
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ,
15:03
when I was doing this research.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
Because what I feel, is a lot of us think
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์™œ๋‚˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:07
that the environment is at a macro level,
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ
15:10
that we can't do anything to change our air quality
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ›„๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:12
or to change the climate or anything.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ
15:18
in our own school and in our own workplace,
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:21
we can make a huge difference in air quality.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์งˆ์— ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์˜ 90ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
And air quality and air pollutants
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์€
15:30
have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients,
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์ฒœ์‹ํ™˜์ž์™€
15:33
anyone with a respiratory disorder
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ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘,
15:35
and really all of us in general.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ํ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
So I want you to reimagine a world
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
15:39
with better air quality,
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์งˆ,
15:41
better quality of life
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ
15:43
and better quality of living for everyone
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”
15:45
including our future generations.
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์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:49
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:56
Lisa Ling: Right.
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๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ๋ง: ์ข‹์•„์š”
15:58
Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly?
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์‰ฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋กœ๋ Œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ข€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์ฃผ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”?
16:03
Your Google Science Fair champions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์–ธ์Šค ํŽ˜์–ด ์ฑ”ํ”ผ์–ธ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
Your winners.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒ์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:07
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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