Award-winning teen-age science in action

Prevoditelj: Petra Pusic Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option,

Lauren Hofge: Kada biste išli u restoran i htjeli zdraviju opciju,

which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken?

što biste odabrali, piletinu s roštilja ili prženu piletinu?

Now most people would answer grilled,

Većina ljudi bi odabrala piletinu s roštilja

and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories.

i istina je kako piletina s roštilja sadrži manje masti i kalorija.

However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger.

Ipak, piletina s roštilja posjeduje skrivenu opasnost.

The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines --

Tu skrivenu opasnost predstavljaju heterociklički amini -

specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine,

točnije fenometil-imidazopiridin,

or PhIP --

ili FM-IP --

(laughter)

(Smijeh)

which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.

koji je imunogena ili karcinogena tvar.

A carcinogen is any substance or agent

Karcinogena je bilo koja tvar ili agens

that causes abnormal growth of cells,

koja uzrokuje pretjerani rast stanica,

which can also cause them to metastasize or spread.

što uzrokuje da one metastaziraju ili šire se.

They are also organic compounds

One također predstavljaju organske tvari

in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia

u kojima je jedan ili više vodikovih atoma u amonijevoj skupini

is replaced with a more complex group.

zamijenjen sa složenijom skupinom.

Studies show that antioxidants

Istraživanja pokazuju kako su antioksidansi

are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines.

poznati u redukciji tih heterocikličkih amina.

However, no studies exist yet

No, još ne postoje istraživanja

that show how or why.

koja pokazuju kako i zašto to čine.

These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens.

Ovo je pet različitih organizacija koje klasificiraju karcinogene.

And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe,

I kao što možete vidjeti, niti jedna od tih organizacija ne smatra te spojeve sigurnima,

which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.

što potkrepljuje potrebu za njihovom redukcijom u našoj prehrani.

Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea.

Sada biste se mogli zapitati kako 13-godišnjakinja može doći na takvu ideju.

And I was led to it through a series of events.

Do nje sam došla kroz niz događaja.

I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office --

Prvo sam naučila o toj temi čitajući tužbu u uredu moga lječnika --

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine

koja je bila između Vijeća lječnika za odgovornu medicinu

and seven different fast food restaurants.

i sedam različitih restorana brze hrane.

They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken,

Nisu ih tužili jer je njihova piletina sadržavala karcinogene,

but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65,

već zbog kalifornijskog podneska 65,

which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products

u kojem piše da ako postoji išta opasno u proizvodima

then the companies had to give a clear warning.

onda poduzeća moraju dati jasno upozorenje.

So I was very surprised about this.

Bila sam iznimno iznenađena s tim.

And I was wondering why nobody knew more

I pitala sam se zašto nitko ne zna nešto više

about this dangerous grilled chicken,

o toj opasnoj piletini s roštilja,

which doesn't seem very harmful.

koja se ne čini jako opasnom.

But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner,

No onda jedne večeri, moja mama je radila piletinu s roštilja za večeru,

and I noticed that the edges of the chicken,

i primijetila sam kako su krajevi piletine,

which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white.

koji su bili marinirani s limunovim sokom, pobijeljeli.

And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing,

I kasnije na satu biologije, naučila sam da se to događa zbog procesa denaturacije,

which is where the proteins will change shape

koji predstavlja proces promjene oblika proteina

and lose their ability to chemically function.

i gubitka njihove kemijske funkcije.

So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis,

Pa sam skombinirala te dvije ideje i oblikovala hipotezu,

saying that, could possibly

koja nam govori, postoji li mogućnost

the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade

da se broj karcinogena smanji uslijed marinade

and could it be due to the differences in PH?

i je li možda tome zbog razlika u pH vrijednosti?

So my idea was born,

I tako je moja ideja rođena,

and I had the project set up and a hypothesis,

i imala sam postavljeni projekt i hipotezu,

so what was my next step?

i što je bio moj sljedeći korak?

Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at

Pa očito sam trebala pronaći laboratorij u kojem bih radila

because I didn't have the equipment in my school.

jer nisam imala opremu u svojoj školi.

I thought this would be easy,

Mislila sam kako će to biti jednostavno,

but I emailed about 200 different people

ali sam kontaktirala oko 200 različitih ljudi

within a five-hour radius of where I lived,

unutar pet sati promjera od mjesta gdje sam živjela,

and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me.

i dobila sam jedan potvrdan odgovor koji je rekao da bi mogli raditi sa mnom.

Most of the others either never responded back,

Većina ostalih ili nikada nije odgovorila,

said they didn't have the time

ili su rekli da nemaju vremena

or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me.

ili nisu imali opremu i nisu mi mogli pomoći.

So it was a big commitment

Bila je to velika odgovornost

to drive to the lab to work multiple times.

voziti se do laboratorija više puta i raditi.

However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab --

Ipak, bila je velika prilika raditi u pravom laboratoriju --

so I could finally start my project.

te sam mogla napokon početi sa svojim projektom.

The first stage was completed at home,

Prvi korak je završen kod kuće,

which consisted of marinating the chicken,

koji se sastojao od mariniranja piletine,

grilling the chicken, amassing it

roštiljanja piletine, skupljanja

and preparing it to be transported to the lab.

i pripreme za prijevoz u laboratorij.

The second stage was completed

Drugi korak je završen

at the Penn State University main campus lab,

u glavnom laboratorija kampusa Sveučilišta Penn State,

which is where I extracted the chemicals,

gdje sam izolirala kemikalije,

changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment

promijenila pH kako bih ih mogla provesti kroz uređaje

and separated the compounds I needed

i razdvojiti tvari koje sam trebala

from the rest of the chicken.

od ostatka piletine.

The final stages, when I ran the samples

Konačni koraci, kada sam provela uzorke

through a high-pressure

kroz spektrometar masa

liquid chromatography mass spectrometer,

visokotlačne tekućinske kromatografije,

which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals

koji je razdvajao tvari i analizirao kemikalije

and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had

i govorio koliko točno karcinogena imam

in my chicken.

u svojoj piletini.

So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results,

Kada sam prošla kroz podatke, imala sam vrlo iznenađujuće rezultate,

because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients

jer sam otkrila kako četiri od pet mariniranih sastojaka

actually inhibited the carcinogen formation.

stvarno sprečavaju nastanak karcinogena.

When compared with the unmarinated chicken,

U usporedbi s nemariniranom piletinom,

which is what I used as my control,

koju sam koristila kao kontrolu,

I found that lemon juice worked by far the best,

otkrila sam kako limunov sok ima najbolji učinak,

which decreased the carcinogens

smanjujući količinu karcinogena

by about 98 percent.

za oko 98 posto.

The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade

Marinada slanom vodom i smeđim šećerom

also worked very well,

je također jako dobro djelovala,

decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent.

smanjujući količinu karcinogena za oko 60 posto.

Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation,

Maslinovo ulje je smanjilo stvaranje FM-IP,

but it was nearly negligible.

ali je bilo gotovo zanemarivo.

And the soy sauce results were inconclusive

Rezultati sa sojinim umakom su bili neuvjerljivi

because of the large data range,

zbog velikog raspona rezultata

but it seems like soy sauce

ali čini se kako je sojin umak

actually increased the potential carcinogens.

ustvari povećavao količinu potencijalnih karcinogena.

Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially

Jedan drugi važan čimbenik koji nisam u početku uzela u obzir

was the time cooked.

je bilo vrijeme pripreme.

And I found that if you increase the time cooked,

Otkrila sam da ako povećaš vrijeme pripreme,

the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases.

količina karcinogena se značajno povećava.

So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this,

Znači najbolji način mariniranja piletine, prema ovome,

is to, not under-cook,

je ne nedovoljno peči,

but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken,

ali definitivno ne prepeči i začađiti piletinu,

and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.

te marinirati ili u limunovom soku, tamnom šećeru ili slanoj vodi.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Based on these findings, I have a question for you.

Na temelju tih otkrića, imam pitanje za vas.

Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet

Biste li bili spremni napravi jednostavnu promjenu u svojoj prehrani

that could potentially save your life?

koja bi potencijalno spasila vaš život?

Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated,

Sad, ne kažem da ako jedete piletinu s roštilja koja nije marinirana,

you're definitely going to catch cancer and die.

da ćete sigurno dobiti rak i umrijeti.

However, anything you can do

Ipak, sve što možete učiniti

to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens

kako biste smanjili rizik od potencijalnih karcinogena

can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.

može sigurno povećati kvalitetu načina života.

Is it worth it to you?

Je li vam to važno?

How will you cook your chicken now?

Kako ćete sada pripremati piletinu?

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose.

Shree Bose: Pozdrav svima. Ja sam Shree Bose.

I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner

Bila sam pobjednica u kategoriji 17-18 godišnjaka

and then the grand prize winner.

i potom dobitnica glavne nagrade.

And I want all of you

I želim da svi vi

to imagine a little girl

zamislite malu djevojčicu

holding a dead blue spinach plant.

koja drži mrtvu plavu biljku špinata.

And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you

Stojeći ispred vas i objašnjavajuću vam

that little kids will eat their vegetables

kako će mala djeca jesti njezino povrće

if they're different colors.

ako je drugačije boje.

Sounds ridiculous, right.

Zvuči ludo, zar ne?

But that was me years ago.

Ali to sam bila ja prije nekoliko godina.

And that was my first science fair project.

I to je bio moj prvi projekt za znanstveni sajam.

It got a bit more complicated from there.

Postalo je malo kompliciranije od tada.

My older brother Panaki Bose

Moj stariji brat Panaki Bose

spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me

proveo je sate objašnjavajući mi atome

when I barely understood basic algebra.

kada sam još jedva razumjela osnove algebre.

My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects,

Moji roditelji su patili kroz još mnogo više projekata za znanstvene sajmove

including a remote controlled garbage can.

uključujući daljinsko upravljanje kante za smeće.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And then came the summer after my freshman year,

I tada je došlo ljeto poslije moje prve godine u srednjoj školi,

when my grandfather passed away due to cancer.

kada je moj djed umro od raka.

And I remember watching my family go through that

Sjećam se kako sam gledala kako moja obitelj prolazi kroz to

and thinking that I never wanted another family

misleći kako ne želim da ijedna druga obitelj

to feel that kind of loss.

osjeća takav gubitak.

So, armed with all the wisdom

Pa, naoružana sa svom mudrošću

of freshman year biology,

prve godine biologije,

I decided I wanted to do cancer research

odlučila sam da se želim baviti istraživanjem raka

at 15.

u dobi od 15.

Good plan.

Dobar plan.

So I started emailing all of these professors in my area

Počela sam slati e-poštu svim profesorima u svojem području

asking to work under their supervision in a lab.

pitajući da bih radila pod njihovim mentorstvom u laboratoriju.

Got rejected by all except one.

Bila sam odbijena od svih, osim jednog.

And then went on, my next summer,

I otišla sam sljedeće ljeto

to work under Dr. Basu

raditi za Dr. Basu

at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas.

na UNT zdravstvenom centru u Fort Worthu, Teksas.

And that is where the research began.

I tu započinje istraživanje.

So ovarian cancer

Rak ovarija

is one of those cancers that most people don't know about,

je vrsta raka za koju većina ljudi ne zna,

or at least don't pay that much attention to.

ili barem ne obraća pozornost.

But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths

Ipak, peti je vodeći uzrok smrti od raka

among women in the United States.

među ženama u Sjedinjenim Državama.

In fact, one in 70 women

U stvari, jednoj od 70 žena

will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

bit će dijagnosticiran rak ovarija.

One in 100

Jedna od 100

will die from it.

će umrijeti od njega.

Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways

Kemoterapija, jedan od najučinkovitijih načina

used to treat cancer today,

liječenja raka danas,

involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals

uključuje davanje pacijentima vrlo visokih doza kemikalija

to try and kill off cancer cells.

kako bi pokušali ubiti stanice raka.

Cisplatin is a relatively common

Cisplatin je prilično uobičajen

ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug --

kemoterapeutik protiv raka ovarija

a relatively simple molecule made in the lab

relativno jednostavna molekula proizvedena u laboratoriju

that messes with the DNA of cancer cells

koja interferira s DNA stanica raka

and causes them to kill themselves.

uzrokujući da počine samoubojstvo.

Sounds great, right?

Zvuči super, zar ne?

But here's the problem:

Ali postoji problem:

sometimes patients become resistant to the drug,

ponekad pacijenti postanu rezistentni na lijek,

and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free,

i potom godinama nakon što su bili proglašeni izlječenim od raka,

they come back.

vraćaju se natrag.

And this time, they no longer respond to the drug.

I ovaj put, više ne odgovaraju na lijek.

It's a huge problem.

To je ogroman problem.

In fact, it's one of the biggest problems

U stvari, to je jedan od najvećih problema

with chemotherapy today.

s kemoterapijom danas.

So we wanted to figure out

Htjeli smo otkriti

how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant

kako te stanice raka ovarija postaju otporne

to this drug called Cisplatin.

na taj lijek po imenu Cisplatin.

And we wanted to figure this out,

Htjeli smo to shvatiti,

because if we could figure that out,

jer ako bismo mogli shvatiti,

then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening.

onda bismo mogli spriječiti da se ikad više pojavi otpornost.

So that's what we set out to do.

To smo si zacrtali.

And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase,

I mislili smo kako bi to moglo imati nešto s proteinom koji se naziva kinaza AMP,

an energy protein.

vrstom energetskog proteina.

So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein,

Napravili smo sve testove blokiranja proteina,

and we saw this huge shift.

i uočili smo veliku promjenu.

I mean, on the slide, you can see

Mislim, na dijapozitivu, možete vidjeti

that on our sensitive side,

da na našoj osjetljivoj strani,

these cells that are responding to the drug,

te stanice koje odgovaraju na lijek,

when we start blocking the protein,

kada počnemo blokirati protein,

the number of dying cells -- those colored dots --

broj umirućih stanica -- tih obojenih točaka --

they're going down.

se smanjuje.

But then on this side, with the same treatment,

Ali onda na ovoj strani, s istim tretmanom,

they're going up -- interesting.

njihov broj se povećava -- interesantno.

But those are dots on a screen for you;

Ali to su samo točke na zaslonu za vas;

what exactly does that mean?

što to ustvari znači?

Well basically that means

To ustvari znači

that this protein is changing

da se taj protein mijenja

from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

iz osjetljive stanice u otporne stanice.

And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves

I u stvari, mogao bi mijenjati same stanice

to make the cells resistant.

kako bi ih učinio otpornima.

And that's huge.

I to je vrlo značajno.

In fact, it means that if a patient comes in

U stvari, to znači da ako dođe pacijent

and they're resistant to this drug,

i otporan je na lijek

then if we give them a chemical to block this protein,

ako mu damo kemikaliju koja blokira taj protein,

then we can treat them again

možemo ga ponovno liječiti

with the same drug.

s istim lijekom.

And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness --

To je značajno za efikasnost kemoterapije --

possibly for many different types of cancer.

možda za mnogo različitih tipova rakova.

So that was my work,

I to je bio moj rad,

and it was my way of reimagining the future

i to je bio moj način ponovnog zamišljanja budućnosti

for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does,

za buduća istraživanja, s otkrićem kako taj protein stvarno radi,

but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness --

ali i za budućnost efikasnosti kemoterapije --

so maybe all grandfathers with cancer

pa možda svi djedovi s rakom

have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.

imaju barem malo više vremena da ih provedu sa svojom unučadi.

But my work wasn't just about the research.

Ali moj rad nije bio samo oko istraživanja.

It was about finding my passion.

Bio je oko traženja moje strasti.

That's why being the grand prize winner

Zato je biti dobitnik glavne nagrade

of the Google Global Science Fair --

Google globalnog znanstvenog sajma --

cute picture, right --

slatka slika, zar ne --

it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor.

bilo toliko uzbudljivo za mene i tako nevjerojatna čast.

And ever since then,

I od tada,

I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff --

imala sam prilike raditi neke prilično fora stvari --

from getting to meet the president

od upoznavanja predsjednika

to getting to be on this stage

do stajanja na ovoj pozornici

to talk to all of you guys.

kako bih razgovarala sa svima vama.

But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research,

Ali kao što sam rekla, moje putovanje nije bilo samo oko istraživanja,

it was about finding my passion,

bilo je oko pronalaska moje strasti,

and it was about making my own opportunities

i oko stvaranja mojih vlastitih prilika

when I didn't even know what I was doing.

kada nisam ni znala što radim.

It was about inspiration

Bilo je o inspiraciji

and determination

i odlučnosti

and never giving up on my interest

i nikad ne odstupanja od svojeg interesa

for science and learning and growing.

za znanost i učenje i rast.

After all, my story begins

Uostalom, moja priča započinje

with a dried, withered spinach plant

s isušenom, uvenulom biljkom špinata

and it's only getting better from there.

i samo postaje bolje od tada.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah,

Naomi Shah: Pozdrav svima. Ja sam Naomi Shah,

and today I'll be talking to you about my research

i danas ću vam govoriti o svojem istraživanju

involving indoor air quality

koje se radi o kvaliteti zraka u zatvorenim prostorima

and asthmatic patients.

i astmatičnim pacijentima.

1.6 million deaths worldwide.

1,6 milijuna smrti diljem svijeta.

One death every 20 seconds.

Jedna smrt svakih 20 sekundi.

People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors.

Ljudi provedu preko 90 posto svojih života u zatvorenim prostorima.

And the economic burden of asthma

Ekonomski teret astme

exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined.

prelazi onaj koji uzrokuju HIV i tuberkuloza zajedno.

Now these statistics had a huge impact on me,

Te statistike su imale značajan učinak na mene,

but what really sparked my interest in my research

no ono što je zbilja potaknulo moj interes u mojem istraživanju

was watching both my dad and my brother

je pogled na mog oca i brata

suffer from chronic allergies year-round.

koji pate od kroničnih alergija kroz cijelu godinu.

It confused me;

To me je zbunilo;

why did these allergy symptoms persist

zašto su simptomi alergije postojali

well past the pollen season?

i nakon što je završila sezona peluda?

With this question in mind, I started researching,

S tim pitanjem u glavi, počela sam istraživati,

and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit.

i uskoro sam otkrila kako su krivci onečišćivači zraka u zatvorenim prostorijama.

As soon as I realized this,

Čim sam to shvatila,

I investigated the underlying relationship

istražila sam temeljnu vezu

between four prevalent air pollutants

između četiri najčešća onečišćivača zraka

and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

i njihovog učinka na zdravlje pluća astmatičara.

At first, I just wanted to figure out

U početku sam htjela samo shvatiti

which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact

koji od tih četiri onečišćivača imaju najveći negativan zdravstveni učinak

on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

na zdravlje pluća astmatičara.

But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model

No uskoro sam razvila novi matematički model

that essentially quantifies the effect

koji u osnovi kvantificira učinak

of these environmental pollutants

tih okolišnih onečišćivača

on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

na zdravlje pluća astmatičara.

And it surprises me

Iznenadilo me je

that no model currently exists

da trenutno ne postoji model

that quantifies the effect of environmental factors

koji kvantificira učinak okolišnih čimbenika

on human lung health,

na zdravlje ljudskih pluća

because that relationship seems so important.

jer mi se ta veza čini iznimno važnom.

So with that in mind,

S tim na umu,

I started researching more, I started investigating more,

počela sam istraživati više, počela sam ispitivati više,

and I became very passionate.

i postala sam vrlo strastvena.

Because I realized

Jer sam shvatila

that if we could find a way to target remediation,

ako bismo našli način ciljanja sanacije,

we could also find a way

mogli bismo također naći način

to treat asthmatic patients more effectively.

kako efikasnije liječiti astmatičare.

For example, volatile organic compounds

Na primjer, hlapljive organske tvari

are chemical pollutants

su kemijski onečišćivači

that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces.

koji se nalaze u našim školama, domovima i radnim mjestima.

They're everywhere.

Oni su posvuda.

These chemical pollutants

Ti kemijski onečišćivači

are currently not a criteria air pollutant,

trenutno nisu ključni onečišćivači zraka,

as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act.

po definiciji američkog Ukaza o čistom zraku.

Which is surprising to me,

Što me iznenadilo,

because these chemical pollutants, through my research,

jer ti kemijski onečišćivači, tijekom mog istraživanja,

I show that they had a very large negative impact

pokazalo se da imaju veliki negativan učinak

on the lung health of asthmatic patients

na zdravlje pluća astmatičara

and thus should be regulated.

i zato bi trebali biti regulirani.

So today I want to show you

Danas vam želim pokazati

my interactive software model that I created.

svoj interaktivan softverski model koji sam stvorila.

I'm going to show it to you on my laptop.

Pokazat ću vam ga na svom prijenosnom računalu.

And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today,

I imam danas volontera u publici,

Julie.

Julie.

And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered

I svi Julieini podaci su već pred-uneseni

into my interactive software model.

u moj interaktivni softverski model.

And this can be used by anyone.

Njime se može koristiti svatko.

So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes,

Želim da si zamislite da ste u Julieinoj koži,

or someone who's really close to you

ili ste netko vrlo blizak njoj

who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder.

koji boluje od astme ili nekog drugog poremećaja pluća.

So Julie's going to her doctor's office

Julie ide kod svojeg liječnika

to get treated for her asthma.

kako bi dobila terapiju protiv astme.

And the doctor has her sit down,

Liječnik ju posjeda,

and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate --

i mjeri vrh njezinog izdisajnog protoka zraka --

which is essentially her exhalation rate,

što je u stvari brzina njezinog izdisaja,

or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.

ili količina zraka koju može izdahnuti u jednom dahu.

So that peak expiratory flow rate,

Taj vrh izdisajnog protoka zraka,

I've entered it up into the interactive software model.

unijela sam ga gore u interaktivni softverski model.

I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height.

Unijela sam i njezine godine, spol i visinu.

I've assumed that she lives in an average household

Pretpostavila sam da živi u prosječnom domaćinstvu

with average air pollutant levels.

s prosječnim razinama onečišćivača zraka.

So any user can come in here

Znači bilo koji korisnik može ući ovdje

and click on "lung function report"

i pritisnuti na "izvještaj o funkciji pluća"

and it'll take them to this report that I created.

i to će ga odvesti na izvještaj koji sam stvorila.

And this report really drives home the crux of my research.

I taj izvještaj daje srž mog istraživanja.

So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner --

Ono što pokazuje -- ako se želite usredotočiti na taj gornji graf u desnom uglu --

it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate

je Juliein stvarni vrh izdisajnog protoka zraka

in the yellow bar.

u žutoj pločici.

This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office.

To su mjerenja koja je uzela kod svojeg liječnika.

In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph,

U plavoj pločici na dnu grafa,

it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate,

prikazano je koji bi njezin vrh izdisajnog protoka zraka,

what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be

koja brzina izdisaja ili zdravlje pluća, bi trebali biti

based on her age, gender and height.

na temelju njezine dobi, spola i visine.

So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar,

Liječnik vidi razliku između žute i plave pločice,

and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids,

i on kaže: "Vau, trebamo joj dati steroide,

medication and inhalers."

lijekove i inhalatore."

But I want everyone here to reimagine a world

Ali želim da svi ovdje prisutni ponovno zamisle svijet

where instead of prescribing steroids,

u kojem umjesto prepisivanja steroida,

inhalers and medication,

inhalatora i lijekova,

the doctor turns to Julie and says,

liječnik se okrene Julie i kaže,

"Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters.

"Zašto ne otiđeš doma i počistiš svoje zračne filtere?

Clean out the air ducts in your home,

Očisti odvode zraka u svojem domu,

in your workplace, in your school.

na svojem radnom mjestu, u svojoj školi.

Stop the use of incense and candles.

Prestanite koristiti tamjan i svijeće.

And if you're remodeling your house,

I ako preuređujete kuću,

take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring."

maknite sve tepihe i stavite parkete."

Because these solutions are natural,

Jer ta su rješenja prirodna,

these solutions are sustainable,

ta su rješenja održiva,

and these solutions are long-term investments --

i ta su rješenja dugotrajna ulaganja --

long-term investments that we're making

dugotrajna ulaganja koja činimo

for our generation and for future generations.

za našu generaciju i za buduće generacije.

Because these environmental solutions

Jer ta okolišna rješenja

that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school

koja Julie može učiniti u svojem domu, na svojem radnom mjestu i u svojoj školi

are impacting everyone that lives around her.

utječu na sve koji žive oko nje.

So I'm very passionate about this research

Vrlo sam strastvena oko ovog istraživanja

and I really want to continue it

i stvarno želim nastaviti

and expand it to more disorders besides asthma,

i proširiti ga na druge poremećaje izuzev astme,

more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants.

više respiratornih poremećaja, kao i više onečišćivača.

But before I end my talk today,

No, prije nego završim svoj govor danas,

I want to leave you with one saying.

želim vam reći jednu izreku.

And that saying is that genetics loads the gun,

I ta izreka kaže da genetika puni pištolj,

but the environment pulls the trigger.

ali okoliš povlači obarač.

And that made a huge impact on me

I to je imalo snažan učinak na mene

when I was doing this research.

kada sam radila ovo istraživanje.

Because what I feel, is a lot of us think

Jer ono što osjećam je da dosta nas misli

that the environment is at a macro level,

kako je okoliš makro-razina,

that we can't do anything to change our air quality

da ne možemo ništa učiniti da promijenimo kvalitetu zraka

or to change the climate or anything.

ili promijeniti klimu ili bilo što.

But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home,

Ali svatko od nas preuzima inicijativu u našem vlastitom domu,

in our own school and in our own workplace,

našoj vlastitoj školi i na našem vlastitom radnom mjestu,

we can make a huge difference in air quality.

možemo učiniti veliku razliku u kvaliteti zraka.

Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors.

Jer zapamtite, mi provodimo 90% naših života u zatvorenim prostorima.

And air quality and air pollutants

I kvaliteta zraka i onečišćivači zraka

have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients,

imaju golem utjecaj na zdravlje pluća astmatičara,

anyone with a respiratory disorder

bilo koga s poremećajem disanja,

and really all of us in general.

i na bilo koga od nas općenito.

So I want you to reimagine a world

Zato želim da ponovno zamislite svijet

with better air quality,

s boljom kvalitetom zraka

better quality of life

boljom kvalitetom života

and better quality of living for everyone

i boljom kvalitetom življenja za sve

including our future generations.

uključujući i naše buduće generacije.

Thank you.

Hvala

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Lisa Ling: Right.

Lisa Ling: Da.

Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly?

Mogu li Shree i Lauren doći gore vrlo brzo?

Your Google Science Fair champions.

Vaše prvakinje Google znanstvenog sajma.

Your winners.

Vaše pobjednice.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)