Award-winning teen-age science in action

譯者: Joan Liu 審譯者: Sunny Kan Ngai Hang

Lauren Hodge: If you were going to a restaurant and wanted a healthier option,

Lauren Hodge:如果你去一家餐廳然要選一樣比較健康的食物，

which would you choose, grilled or fried chicken?

你會選烤雞還是炸雞呢？

Now most people would answer grilled,

大部份人會選擇烤雞，

and it's true that grilled chicken does contain less fat and fewer calories.

沒錯烤雞的脂肪和熱量都較少。

However, grilled chicken poses a hidden danger.

但是，烤雞也有一些隱藏的危險。

The hidden danger is heterocyclic amines --

這個隱藏的危險叫作雜環胺--

specifically phenomethylimidazopyridine,

更明確地說是phenomethylimidazopyridine，

or PhIP --

簡稱為PhIP

(laughter)

（笑聲）

which is the immunogenic or carcinogenic compound.

是一種造成免疫病變及癌症產生的化合物。

A carcinogen is any substance or agent

致癌物是任何

that causes abnormal growth of cells,

可造成細胞異常生長的的物質。

which can also cause them to metastasize or spread.

這會造成轉移也就是到身體其他部位。

They are also organic compounds

它們也是有機化合物，

in which one or more of the hydrogens in ammonia

其中氨官能基中一個或多個氫

is replaced with a more complex group.

被其他更複雜的東西取代。

Studies show that antioxidants

研究顯示抗氧化物

are known to decrease these heterocyclic amines.

會減少這些雜環胺的形成。

However, no studies exist yet

但是目前沒有任何研究

that show how or why.

顯示抗氧化物如何達成這個功效。

These here are five different organizations that classify carcinogens.

這邊是五個不同組織對致癌物的分類。

And as you can see, none of the organizations consider the compounds to be safe,

你們可以看到，沒有任何組織把這些致癌物歸為安全，

which justifies the need to decrease them in our diet.

也就是為什麼我們在日常飲食中要減少其攝取量。

Now you might wonder how a 13 year-old girl could come up with this idea.

你們可能會問一個13歲女生怎麼會有這樣的想法呢？

And I was led to it through a series of events.

我是被一系列事情引導到這裡的。

I first learned about it through a lawsuit I read about in my doctor's office --

我最早是從醫生辦公室的一件官司看到這個消息的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

which was between the Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine

這是一個醫生藥物責任委員會(Physician's Committee for Responsible Medicine)

and seven different fast food restaurants.

與七家速食餐廳間的官司。

They weren't sued because there was carcinogens in the chicken,

他們並不是因為雞裡有致癌物被告，

but they were sued because of California's Proposition 65,

而是因為加州第六十五號提案

which stated that if there's anything dangerous in the products

說如果產品中有任何危險物，

then the companies had to give a clear warning.

公司必須給一個明確的警告。

So I was very surprised about this.

我感到非常驚訝。

And I was wondering why nobody knew more

然後我想為什麼沒有人知道

about this dangerous grilled chicken,

烤雞裡面有這些

which doesn't seem very harmful.

感覺起來不大有害的危險物質。

But then one night, my mom was cooking grilled chicken for dinner,

然後有一天，我媽媽正在做烤雞當晚餐，

and I noticed that the edges of the chicken,

我發現烤雞邊緣

which had been marinated in lemon juice, turned white.

就是有被檸檬汁醃製過的部份變白色了。

And later in biology class, I learned that it's due to a process called denaturing,

後來在生物課上，我學到這叫做蛋白質變性，

which is where the proteins will change shape

也就是說蛋白質的形狀改變

and lose their ability to chemically function.

及失去了它們原本的化學性質。

So I combined these two ideas and I formulated a hypothesis,

所以我把這兩種想法結合起來成立了一個假設，

saying that, could possibly

就是說致癌物

the carcinogens be decreased due to a marinade

可不可能因為醃製而減少呢？

and could it be due to the differences in PH?

是不是因為PH值的差異呢？

So my idea was born,

所以我有了想法、

and I had the project set up and a hypothesis,

有了計畫、也有了假設，

so what was my next step?

那接下來呢？

Well obviously I had to find a lab to work at

很顯然的我需要找一個實驗室，

because I didn't have the equipment in my school.

因為我的學校沒有這樣的儀器。

I thought this would be easy,

我以為找實驗室不會很難，

but I emailed about 200 different people

但我寄電子郵件給離我住的地方

within a five-hour radius of where I lived,

距離五小時內的約200個人，

and I got one positive response that said that they could work with me.

而我僅收到一個願意讓我去做實驗的回應。

Most of the others either never responded back,

其他的大部份沒有回應、

said they didn't have the time

說他們沒有時間、

or didn't have the equipment and couldn't help me.

或是他們沒有那樣的儀器所以不能幫我。

So it was a big commitment

這是個很大的投入

to drive to the lab to work multiple times.

因為我們需要開很多次車去實驗室做實驗。

However, it was a great opportunity to work in a real lab --

但是，能夠在真正的實驗室做事是個很棒的機會。

so I could finally start my project.

我終於可以開始做我的研究。

The first stage was completed at home,

第一部份是在家裡做的。

which consisted of marinating the chicken,

這部份包含醃製雞肉、

grilling the chicken, amassing it

烤雞肉、將雞肉放在一起

and preparing it to be transported to the lab.

然後準備將雞肉帶到實驗室去。

The second stage was completed

第二部份是在賓州州立大學

at the Penn State University main campus lab,

主校區的實驗室完成的。

which is where I extracted the chemicals,

這部份包含萃取化學物質、

changed the PH so I could run it through the equipment

改變PH質讓我可以使用儀器

and separated the compounds I needed

來從雞肉中

from the rest of the chicken.

分離我需要的化合物。

The final stages, when I ran the samples

最後一部份，我將樣本

through a high-pressure

拿去跑高壓

liquid chromatography mass spectrometer,

液態層析質譜儀，

which separated the compounds and analyzed the chemicals

這會將化合物分離並分析，

and told me exactly how much carcinogens I had

進而告訴我我的雞肉裡面

in my chicken.

有多少致癌物。

So when I went through the data, I had very surprising results,

所以當我在整理這些資料時，我得到非常有趣的結果，

because I found that four out of the five marinating ingredients

因為我發現五種醃製材料中有四種

actually inhibited the carcinogen formation.

會抑制致癌物產生。

When compared with the unmarinated chicken,

當與對照組也就是

which is what I used as my control,

未醃製雞肉比較時，

I found that lemon juice worked by far the best,

我發現檸檬汁比其它好很多，

which decreased the carcinogens

它可以將致癌物減少

by about 98 percent.

百分之98。

The saltwater marinade and the brown sugar marinade

鹽水和黑糖醃製法

also worked very well,

也很不錯，

decreasing the carcinogens by about 60 percent.

可以將致癌物減少百分之60。

Olive oil slightly decreased the PhIP formation,

橄欖油會稍微減少PhIP產生，

but it was nearly negligible.

但這幾乎可以忽略。

And the soy sauce results were inconclusive

而醬油醃製沒有得到很明顯的結論，

because of the large data range,

因為我們得到的數據範圍太廣了。

but it seems like soy sauce

但似乎醬油

actually increased the potential carcinogens.

會增加致癌物的產生。

Another important factor that I didn't take into account initially

另外一個我沒有預期的重要因素

was the time cooked.

是烹飪時間。

And I found that if you increase the time cooked,

我發現如果你增加烹飪時間，

the amount of carcinogens rapidly increases.

致癌物含量會快速上升。

So the best way to marinate chicken, based on this,

所以根據這些數據，最好的醃製雞肉方式

is to, not under-cook,

是當然不要沒煮熟，

but definitely don't over-cook and char the chicken,

但絕對不要讓雞肉燒焦，

and marinate in either lemon juice, brown sugar or saltwater.

及使用檸檬汁、黑糖或鹽水醃製。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Based on these findings, I have a question for you.

根據這些發現，我有一個問題想要問你們。

Would you be willing to make a simple change in your diet

你們會願意在你們日常飲食中

that could potentially save your life?

做一個可能救你一命的簡單改變嗎？

Now I'm not saying that if you eat grilled chicken that's not marinated,

我不是說如果你的烤雞沒有醃製過

you're definitely going to catch cancer and die.

你就一定會得到癌症病死亡。

However, anything you can do

但是任何可以

to decrease the risk of potential carcinogens

減少致癌物產生的事情

can definitely increase the quality of lifestyle.

都有可能使你的生活更加美好。

Is it worth it to you?

這對你們來說值得嗎？

How will you cook your chicken now?

你以後會如何烹調你的雞肉呢？

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Shree Bose: Hi everyone. I'm Shree Bose.

Shree Bose：大家好。我是Shree Bose。

I was the 17-18 year-old age category winner

我是這次17-18歲組得獎者

and then the grand prize winner.

也是大獎得獎者。

And I want all of you

我想要你們大家

to imagine a little girl

想像一個小女孩

holding a dead blue spinach plant.

拿著一個死掉的藍色菠菜株。

And she's standing in front of you and she's explaining to you

她站在你們面前並試著解釋

that little kids will eat their vegetables

如果青菜有很多不同的顏色，

if they're different colors.

小朋友們可能會願意吃青菜。

Sounds ridiculous, right.

聽起來很怪對吧？

But that was me years ago.

但那就是我好幾年前做的事。

And that was my first science fair project.

那是我的第一個科展計畫。

It got a bit more complicated from there.

在那之後越來越複雜。

My older brother Panaki Bose

我哥哥Panaki Bose

spent hours of his time explaining atoms to me

花了很多時間在我還只會簡單代數時

when I barely understood basic algebra.

跟我解釋原子。

My parents suffered through many more of my science fair projects,

我的父母親接下來受我一推科展計畫折磨，

including a remote controlled garbage can.

這其中包含了一個遙控垃圾桶。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And then came the summer after my freshman year,

然後九年級後的那年暑假，

when my grandfather passed away due to cancer.

我祖父因為癌症過世。

And I remember watching my family go through that

我記得看著我的家人接受這個事實

and thinking that I never wanted another family

然後想著我不想要有另外一個家庭

to feel that kind of loss.

要感受到這樣的離別。

So, armed with all the wisdom

所以，我帶著九年級

of freshman year biology,

生物的知識，

I decided I wanted to do cancer research

在十五歲的那年決定要做

at 15.

癌症研究。

Good plan.

很棒的計畫。

So I started emailing all of these professors in my area

所以我開始寄信給我周圍的教授們，

asking to work under their supervision in a lab.

問他們我是否可以在他們實驗室工作。

Got rejected by all except one.

除了一個以外都拒絕我了。

And then went on, my next summer,

所以在接下來的暑假，

to work under Dr. Basu

我到位於德州沃斯堡的UNT Health Center，

at the UNT Health Center at Fort Worth, Texas.

Basu博士底下工作。

And that is where the research began.

而那就是研究開始的地方。

So ovarian cancer

卵巢癌是一種

is one of those cancers that most people don't know about,

大家比較不熟知的癌症，

or at least don't pay that much attention to.

至少大家比較不會注意到這種癌症。

But yet, it's the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths

但他卻高居美國女人癌症死因

among women in the United States.

的第五位。

In fact, one in 70 women

事實上，每70個女人中

will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer.

會有一個被發現有卵巢癌。

One in 100

每一百個之中

will die from it.

有一個會因此死亡。

Chemotherapy, one of the most effective ways

化療是現今治療癌症

used to treat cancer today,

最有效的方式，

involves giving patients really high doses of chemicals

這包含給病患大量的化學藥劑

to try and kill off cancer cells.

來試圖殺死癌症細胞。

Cisplatin is a relatively common

順鉑是一個常用來治療

ovarian cancer chemotherapy drug --

卵巢癌的一種化學藥物。

a relatively simple molecule made in the lab

他是一種在實驗室生產的簡單分子

that messes with the DNA of cancer cells

可以影響癌症細胞中的去氧核糖核酸（DNA）

and causes them to kill themselves.

並使細胞自殺。

Sounds great, right?

聽起來很不錯對吧？

But here's the problem:

但有一個問題：

sometimes patients become resistant to the drug,

有時候病人會有抗藥性，

and then years after they've been declared to be cancer free,

然後治癒後幾年

they come back.

又發病了。

And this time, they no longer respond to the drug.

而這次他們不再對這個藥物有反應。

It's a huge problem.

這是很大的問題。

In fact, it's one of the biggest problems

事實上，這是現今

with chemotherapy today.

化療最大的問題。

So we wanted to figure out

所以我們想要知道

how these ovarian cancer cells are becoming resistant

卵巢癌症細胞如何對順鉑

to this drug called Cisplatin.

產生抗藥性。

And we wanted to figure this out,

我們想要找到原因，

because if we could figure that out,

因為如果我們可以找到原因，

then we might be able to prevent that resistance from ever happening.

我們有可能可以防止抗藥性產生。

So that's what we set out to do.

所以這就是我們想要做的。

And we thought it had something to do with this protein called AMP kinase,

我們猜想這可能跟一個叫作AMP kinase

an energy protein.

的能量蛋白有關。

So we ran all of these tests blocking the protein,

所以我們做了一系列阻擋這個蛋白的實驗，

and we saw this huge shift.

然後我們看到這個大改變。

I mean, on the slide, you can see

我的意思是，在這個投影片，

that on our sensitive side,

你們可以看到敏感的這邊，

these cells that are responding to the drug,

這是對藥物有反應的細胞，

when we start blocking the protein,

當我們開始阻擋這個蛋白的時候，

the number of dying cells -- those colored dots --

垂死細胞數目--有顏色的點點--

they're going down.

正在減少。

But then on this side, with the same treatment,

但在另外一邊，同一種療法，

they're going up -- interesting.

很有趣的，他們卻在增加。

But those are dots on a screen for you;

但那些對你們來說只是點點，

what exactly does that mean?

他們到底是什麼意思呢？

Well basically that means

基本上這個的意思是

that this protein is changing

蛋白質正在從

from the sensitive cell to the resistant cell.

敏感細胞轉變成抗藥細胞。

And in fact, it might be changing the cells themselves

而事實上，這有可能將細胞轉變成

to make the cells resistant.

抗藥細胞。

And that's huge.

而這很重要。

In fact, it means that if a patient comes in

事實上，這表示如果有一個病人

and they're resistant to this drug,

是對這個藥物有抗藥性，

then if we give them a chemical to block this protein,

而且如果我們給他們一個可以阻擋這個蛋白的藥物，

then we can treat them again

那我們就可以用

with the same drug.

同一種藥為他們治療。

And that's huge for chemotherapy effectiveness --

而這對化療功效是非常重要的，

possibly for many different types of cancer.

很有可能對很多不同種癌症都很有用。

So that was my work,

所以那是我做的東西，

and it was my way of reimagining the future

且這是我對未來研究的看法，

for future research, with figuring out exactly what this protein does,

我認為如果能找出這個蛋白質的功能，

but also for the future of chemotherapy effectiveness --

這也可以改變未來的化療功效。

so maybe all grandfathers with cancer

所以以後染上癌症的祖父們

have a little bit more time to spend with their grandchildren.

可以有更多的時間跟他們的孫子們相處。

But my work wasn't just about the research.

但我的工作並不只是研究。

It was about finding my passion.

這還包含了尋找我的熱情。

That's why being the grand prize winner

這是身為

of the Google Global Science Fair --

谷哥全球科展頭獎得主

cute picture, right --

很可愛的照片吧！

it was so exciting to me and it was such an amazing honor.

這太令人興奮了、超棒的榮耀。

And ever since then,

從那時後開始，

I've gotten to do some pretty cool stuff --

我有機會做一些很酷的事，

from getting to meet the president

像是跟總統見面、

to getting to be on this stage

站在這個舞台上

to talk to all of you guys.

跟你們大家講話。

But like I said, my journey wasn't just about the research,

就像我說的，我的旅程不只是做研究，

it was about finding my passion,

是找到我的熱情、

and it was about making my own opportunities

創造自己的機會，

when I didn't even know what I was doing.

尤其是當我自己都不是很確定自己在做什麼的時候。

It was about inspiration

這也是靈感

and determination

和意志力

and never giving up on my interest

和永遠不放棄自己對

for science and learning and growing.

科學、學習、成長的興趣。

After all, my story begins

畢竟，我的故事

with a dried, withered spinach plant

是從一株垂死的菠菜開始的，

and it's only getting better from there.

而這個故事越來越棒。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Naomi Shah: Hi everyone. I'm Naomi Shah,

Naomi Shah:哈囉，大家好。我是Naomi Shah，

and today I'll be talking to you about my research

今天我想要談談我在

involving indoor air quality

室內空氣品質和氣喘病患

and asthmatic patients.

這方面的研究。

1.6 million deaths worldwide.

全球160萬條人命。

One death every 20 seconds.

每20秒一條人命。

People spend over 90 percent of their lives indoors.

人們超過百分之九十的時間在室內。

And the economic burden of asthma

而氣喘造成的經濟負擔

exceeds that of HIV and tuberculosis combined.

比愛滋病和肺結咳加起來還多。

Now these statistics had a huge impact on me,

這些數據對我的影響很大，

but what really sparked my interest in my research

但真正讓我想要做這個研究的原因

was watching both my dad and my brother

是看我父親和兄弟

suffer from chronic allergies year-round.

常年受過敏所擾。

It confused me;

這讓我感到很困惑。

why did these allergy symptoms persist

為什麼這些過敏反應

well past the pollen season?

在花粉季過後很久還存在呢？

With this question in mind, I started researching,

心裡想著這個問題，我開始搜尋。

and I soon found that indoor air pollutants were the culprit.

我發現元兇是室內空氣污染。

As soon as I realized this,

當我一發現這件事，

I investigated the underlying relationship

我開始查四種主要空氣污染物

between four prevalent air pollutants

和氣喘病人

and their affect on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

肺部健康間的關係。

At first, I just wanted to figure out

一開始，我只是想要知道

which of these four pollutants have the largest negative health impact

這四種污染物哪一種

on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

對氣喘病患的健康負面影響最大。

But soon after, I developed a novel mathematical model

但很快的，我開發了一個新的數學模型

that essentially quantifies the effect

可以將環境中污染物

of these environmental pollutants

對氣喘病患肺部健康

on the lung health of asthmatic patients.

影響量化。

And it surprises me

我很訝異

that no model currently exists

竟然沒有現有的模型

that quantifies the effect of environmental factors

可以將環境對人類肺部健康

on human lung health,

作量化分析，

because that relationship seems so important.

因為這樣的關係似乎是很重要的。

So with that in mind,

所以腦筋裡這麼想，

I started researching more, I started investigating more,

我開始更深入研究、探索，

and I became very passionate.

我開始對這件事感到非常熱情。

Because I realized

因為我理解到

that if we could find a way to target remediation,

如果我們可以找到一個整治的方法，

we could also find a way

我們就可以

to treat asthmatic patients more effectively.

找到一個更有效治療氣喘病患的方法。

For example, volatile organic compounds

舉例來說，易揮發有機化合物

are chemical pollutants

是我們在學校、家裡、

that are found in our schools, homes and workplaces.

工作場合常見的化學污染物。

They're everywhere.

污染物無所不在。

These chemical pollutants

這些化學污染物

are currently not a criteria air pollutant,

目前根據美國清潔空氣法案

as defined by the U.S. Clean Air Act.

尚未被列為空氣污染物。

Which is surprising to me,

這讓我感到很驚訝，

because these chemical pollutants, through my research,

因為根據我的研究這些化學污染物

I show that they had a very large negative impact

對氣喘病患的肺部健康

on the lung health of asthmatic patients

是有非常大的負面影響的，

and thus should be regulated.

所以應該有所規範。

So today I want to show you

所以今天我想要給你們看

my interactive software model that I created.

我設計的一個互動軟體模型。

I'm going to show it to you on my laptop.

我要用我的筆電展示給你們看。

And I have a volunteer subject in the audience today,

然後我在今天的觀眾席裡找到一個自願者

Julie.

茱莉。

And all of Julie's data has been pre-entered

這邊茱莉的資料已經

into my interactive software model.

事先放到這個互動軟體裡了。

And this can be used by anyone.

任何人都可以使用這個軟體。

So I want you to imagine that you're in Julie's shoes,

所以我要你們想像自己是茱莉，

or someone who's really close to you

或是你們身邊任何一個

who suffers from asthma or another lung disorder.

氣喘或肺部健康有問題的人。

So Julie's going to her doctor's office

想像茱莉正要去醫生那裡

to get treated for her asthma.

治療她的氣喘問題。

And the doctor has her sit down,

醫生讓她坐下，

and he takes her peak expiratory flow rate --

測量她的呼氣峰流速，

which is essentially her exhalation rate,

換句話說就是她的呼氣速度

or the amount of air that she can breathe out in one breath.

她一口氣可以呼出的空氣量。

So that peak expiratory flow rate,

這個呼氣峰流速的數據

I've entered it up into the interactive software model.

我把它輸到這個互動軟體裡面。

I've also entered in her age, her gender and her height.

我也輸入了她的年紀、性別和身高。

I've assumed that she lives in an average household

我預設了她住在一個正常的環境，

with average air pollutant levels.

有正常的污染量。

So any user can come in here

所以任何一個使用者可以來這裡

and click on "lung function report"

然後按「肺部功能報告」，

and it'll take them to this report that I created.

就可以看到這個我設計的報告。

And this report really drives home the crux of my research.

而這個報告就是我的研究最重要的部份。

So what it shows -- if you want to focus on that top graph in the right-hand corner --

所以如果你們看這個圖表的右上方，

it shows Julie's actual peak expiratory flow rate

這個黃色的長方形告訴我們

in the yellow bar.

茱莉的呼氣峰流速。

This is the measurement that she took in her doctor's office.

這是她在醫院測量到的數據。

In the blue bar at the bottom of the graph,

圖表下方這個藍色的長方形

it shows what her peak expiratory flow rate,

代表著根據她的年紀、性別和身高

what her exhalation rate or lung health, should be

所應有的呼氣峰流速

based on her age, gender and height.

也就是她肺部呼出的空氣量。

So the doctor sees this difference between the yellow bar and the blue bar,

醫生可以看出黃色和藍色的差異，

and he says, "Wow, we need to give her steroids,

然後說：「哇！我們要給她類固醇、

medication and inhalers."

藥物和呼吸器。」

But I want everyone here to reimagine a world

但我想要各位想像一個世界，

where instead of prescribing steroids,

不是給類固醇、藥物、

inhalers and medication,

呼吸器這樣的治療方式，

the doctor turns to Julie and says,

而是醫生轉向茱莉跟她說：「

"Why don't you go home and clean out your air filters.

你回家清理你的空氣過濾器。

Clean out the air ducts in your home,

清理你家裡、工作環境、

in your workplace, in your school.

學校中的空氣孔道。

Stop the use of incense and candles.

不要再用芳香器和蠟燭。

And if you're remodeling your house,

然後如果你們家要重新改裝的話，

take out all the carpeting and put in hardwood flooring."

不要再放地毯了，改放木頭地板。」

Because these solutions are natural,

因為這樣的解決方式是自然的、

these solutions are sustainable,

永續的，

and these solutions are long-term investments --

且這樣的解決方式有長期的投資效果，

long-term investments that we're making

對我們這一代也為子孫們

for our generation and for future generations.

有幫助的。

Because these environmental solutions

因位茱莉可以在家裡、工作地、

that Julie can make in her home, her workplace and her school

學校所做的這些環境改變

are impacting everyone that lives around her.

是會影響她周遭的所有人的。

So I'm very passionate about this research

所以我對這個研究很有熱情

and I really want to continue it

且很想要繼續做下去，

and expand it to more disorders besides asthma,

希望能夠擴展到氣喘以外的疾病，

more respiratory disorders, as well as more pollutants.

像是其它氣管疾病和其他污染物。

But before I end my talk today,

但在我結束之前，

I want to leave you with one saying.

我想要跟你們說一句話。

And that saying is that genetics loads the gun,

而這句話是「基因將子彈裝進槍裡，

but the environment pulls the trigger.

而環境扣下扣板。」

And that made a huge impact on me

這在我做這個研究的時候

when I was doing this research.

對我的影響很大。

Because what I feel, is a lot of us think

因為我跟很多人一樣

that the environment is at a macro level,

認為環境是巨觀的，

that we can't do anything to change our air quality

也就是說我們沒有辦法感變空氣品質

or to change the climate or anything.

或是天氣之類的東西。

But if each one of us takes initiative in our own home,

但若我們每一個人都在自己家裡、

in our own school and in our own workplace,

學校、工作環境做一些改變，

we can make a huge difference in air quality.

那麼我們可以對空氣品質有很大的影響。

Because remember, we spend 90 percent of our lives indoors.

因為記住，我們花百分之九十的時間在室內。

And air quality and air pollutants

而且空氣品質和空氣污染物

have a huge impact on the lung health of asthmatic patients,

對氣喘病患、任何有氣管疾病的人、

anyone with a respiratory disorder

或是我們之中任何人

and really all of us in general.

的肺部健康都有很大的影響。

So I want you to reimagine a world

所以我要你們想像一個

with better air quality,

對每一個人及子孫們

better quality of life

有更好空氣品質、

and better quality of living for everyone

更好人生、

including our future generations.

及更好生活品質的世界。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Lisa Ling: Right.

Lisa Ling:很好。

Can I have Shree and Lauren come up really quickly?

我可以請Shree和Lauren也一起上來嗎？

Your Google Science Fair champions.

這是谷哥科展頭獎

Your winners.

得獎者。

(Applause)

（掌聲）