A short history of trans people's long fight for equality | Samy Nour Younes

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Dragana Savanovic

Why are transgender people suddenly everywhere?

Zašto odjednom svuda ima transrodnih ljudi?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

As a trans activist, I get this question a lot.

Kao transrodni aktivista, često čujem ovo pitanje.

Keep in mind, less than one percent of American adults

Imajte na umu da se manje od jedan odsto odraslih Amerikanaca

openly identify as trans.

otvoreno identifikuju kao transrodni.

According to a recent GLAAD survey, about 16 percent of non-trans Americans

Prema nedavnom istraživanju GLAAD-a, oko 16% Amerikanaca koji nisu transrodni

claim to know a trans person in real life.

tvrdi da poznaju transrodnu osobu u stvarnom životu.

So for the other 84 percent, this may seem like a new topic.

Dakle, za preostalih 84 posto, ovo može izgledati kao nova tema.

But trans people are not new.

Ali transrodni ljudi nisu ništa novo.

Gender variance is older than you think,

Rodna raznolikost je starija nego što mislite,

and trans people are part of that legacy.

i transrodni ljudi su deo tog nasleđa.

From central Africa to South America to the Pacific Islands and beyond,

Od Centralne Afrike i Južne Amerike do Pacifičkih ostrva i dalje,

there have been populations who recognize multiple genders,

bilo je populacija koje priznaju postojanje više polova,

and they go way back.

i to još iz davnina.

The hijra of India and Pakistan, for example,

Hidžre u Indiji i Pakistanu se, na primer,

have been cited as far back as 2,000 years ago in the Kama Sutra.

pominju još pre 2000 godina u Kama sutri.

Indigenous American nations each have their own terms,

Svaka autohtona američka nacija ima svoje termine,

but most share the umbrella term "two-spirit."

ali većina deli obuhvatni izraz „dvostruki duh“.

They saw gender-variant people

U rodno drugačijim ljudima su videli šamane i iscelitelje svoje zajednice,

as shamans and healers in their communities,

and it wasn't until the spread of colonialism

i tek su sa širenjem kolonijalizma

that they were taught to think otherwise.

naučili da misle o tome drugačije.

Now, in researching trans history,

Kroz istraživanje transrodne istorije,

we look for both trans people and trans practices.

ujedno tražimo transrodne ljude i ponašanja vezana za njih.

Uzmimo, recimo, žene koje su se predstavljale kao muškarci

Take, for example, the women who presented as men

so they could fight in the US Civil War.

da bi mogle da se bore u Američkom građanskom ratu.

After the war, most resumed their lives as women,

Većina je posle rata nastavila da živi kao žene,

but some, like Albert Cashier, continued to live as men.

ali su neki, kao što je Albert Kešir, nastavili kao muškarci.

Albert was eventually confined to an asylum

Albert je na kraju bio zatvoren u azil

and forced to wear a dress for the rest of his life.

i nateran da nosi haljinu do kraja života.

(Sighs)

(Uzdiše)

Around 1895, a group of self-described androgynes

Oko 1895. godine, grupa samodeklarisanih androgina

formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos.

formirala je „Krug hermafrodita“.

Their mission was to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution.

Njihova misija je bila da se ujedine radi odbrane od gorkog progona sveta.

And in doing that, they became one of the earliest trans support groups.

Time su postali jedna od najstarijih trans grupa za podršku.

By the '40s and '50s, medical researchers were starting to study trans medicine,

Do 40-ih i 50-ih su medicinski istraživači počeli da izučavaju trans medicinu,

but they were aided by their trans patients,

ali su im pomagali njihovi transrodni pacijenti

like Louise Lawrence, a trans woman who had corresponded extensively

kao što je Luiza Lorens, transrodna žena koja se naširoko dopisivala

with people who had been arrested for public cross-dressing.

sa ljudima koji su bili uhapšeni zbog javnog oblačenja kao suprotan pol.

She introduced sexual researchers like Alfred Kinsey

Upoznala je istraživače seksualnosti kao što je Alfred Kinsi

to a massive trans network.

sa ogromnom mrežom transrodnih ljudi.

Other early figures would follow,

Drugi pioniri će uslediti,

like Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson and the famous Christine Jorgensen,

kao što su Virdžinija Prins, Rid Erikson i čuvena Kristina Jorgensen

who made headlines with her very public transition in 1952.

koja je dospela na naslovne strane

svojom vrlo javnom tranzicijom 1952. godine.

But while white trans suburbanites were forming their own support networks,

Dok su transrodni belci iz prigradskih mesta

formirali svoje mreže podrške,

many trans people of color had to carve their own path.

mnogi transrodni ljudi drugih boja kože morali su da utabaju svoj put.

Some, like Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, walked in drag balls.

Neki, kao Gđica Mejdžor Grifin-Grejsi, šetali su se na dreg balovima.

Others were the so-called "street queens,"

Drugi su bili tzv. „ulične kraljice“,

who were often targeted by police for their gender expression

koje je često ganjala policija zbog njihovog rodnog izražavanja

and found themselves on the forefront of seminal events

i koji su se našli na čelu značajnih događaja

in the LGBT rights movement.

u pokretu za prava LGBT.

This brings us to the riots at Cooper Do-nuts in 1959,

To nas dovodi do nemira u kafiću Kuper donats 1959. godine,

Compton's Cafeteria in 1966

Komptonove kafeterije 1966.

and the famous Stonewall Inn in 1969.

i čuvenog Stounvola 1969. godine.

In 1970, Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson,

Godine 1970, Silvija Rivera i Marša P. Džonson,

two veterans of Stonewall,

dva veterana Stounvola, osnovale su STAR,

established STAR: Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries.

organizaciju transvestita aktivista i revolucionara na ulici.

Trans people continued to fight for equal treatment under the law,

Trans ljudi su nastavili da se bore za jednak tretman pred zakonom,

even as they faced higher rates of discrimination,

čak i kada su se suočavali sa većim stopama diskriminacije,

unemployment, arrests, and the looming AIDS epidemic.

nezaposlenosti, hapšenja i epidemije side koja je bila na pomolu.

For as long as we've been around,

Otkako znamo za sebe,

those in power have sought to disenfranchise trans people

oni na vlasti su nastojali da oduzmu pravo trans ljudima

for daring to live lives that are ours.

jer smo se usudili da živimo svoj život.

This motion picture still, taken in Berlin in 1933,

Ovaj snimak, zabeležen u Berlinu 1933,

is sometimes used in history textbooks

ponekad se koristi u udžbenicima istorije

to illustrate how the Nazis burned works they considered un-German.

da bi se ilustrovalo kako su nacisti palili dela koja nisu smatrana nemačkim.

But what's rarely mentioned is that included in this massive pile

Ali retko se pominje da su u toj ogromnoj hrpi obuhvaćena

are works from the Institute for Sexual Research.

i dela Instituta za seksualna istraživanja.

See, I just recapped the trans movement in America,

Vidite, upravo sam sumirao pokret transrodnih u Americi,

but Magnus Hirschfeld and his peers in Germany

ali Magnus Hiršfeld i njegove kolege u Nemačkoj

had us beat by a few decades.

pretekle su nas za nekoliko decenija.

Magnus Hirschfeld was an early advocate for LGBT people.

Magnus Hiršfeld je bio rani zastupnik LGBT ljudi.

He wrote the first book-length account of trans individuals.

Napisao je prvi prikaz o trans osobama u obliku knjige.

He helped them obtain medical services and IDs.

Pomagao im je da dobiju medicinske usluge i lične karte.

He worked with the Berlin Police Department

Radio je sa policijskom upravom u Berlinu

to end discrimination of LGBT people,

na okončanju diskriminacije LGBT ljudi,

and he hired them at the Institute.

i zapošljavao ih je na Institutu.

So when the Nazi Party burned his library,

Zato, kada je Nacistička partija spalila njegovu biblioteku,

it had devastating implications for trans research around the world.

to je imalo razorne posledice za transrodna istraživanja širom sveta.

This was a deliberate attempt to erase trans people,

Ovo je bio nameran pokušaj da se izbrišu transrodni ljudi,

and it was neither the first nor the last.

a nije bio ni prvi ni poslednji.

So whenever people ask me why trans people are suddenly everywhere,

Tako kad god me ljudi pitaju zašto su trans ljudi odjednom svuda,

I just want to tell them that we've been here.

samo hoću da im kažem da smo uvek bili tu.

These stories have to be told,

Ove priče moraju biti ispričane,

along with the countless others that have been buried by time.

zajedno sa bezbroj drugih koje su vremenom zakopane.

Not only were our lives not celebrated, but our struggles have been forgotten

Ne samo da naši životi nisu slavljeni, već su naše borbe zaboravljene

and, yeah, to some people, that makes trans issues seem new.

i da, zbog toga nekim ljudima transrodna pitanja deluju novo.

Today, I meet a lot of people who think that our movement

Danas upoznajem mnogo ljudi koji misle da je naš pokret

is just a phase that will pass,

samo faza koja će proći,

but I also hear well-intentioned allies telling us all to be patient,

ali takođe čujem dobronamerne saveznike koji nam govore da budemo strpljivi,

because our movement is "still new."

jer je naš pokret „još uvek nov“.

Imagine how the conversation would shift

Zamislite kako bi se razgovor promenio

if we acknowledge just how long trans people have been demanding equality.

ako priznamo koliko dugo transrodni ljudi u stvari zahtevaju ravnopravnost.

Are we still overreacting?

Da li i dalje preterujemo?

Should we continue to wait?

Treba li da nastavimo da čekamo?

Or should we, for example,

Ili bi trebalo da, na primer,

preduzmemo nešto u vezi sa obojenim transrodnim ženama koje su ubijene

do something about the trans women of color who are murdered

and whose killers never see justice?

i čije ubice nikada neće videti pravdu?

Do our circumstances seem dire to you yet?

Da li vam se sada naše okolnosti čine strašnim?

(Sighs)

(Uzdiše)

Finally, I want other trans people to realize they're not alone.

Konačno, želim da drugi transrodni ljudi shvate da nisu sami.

I grew up thinking my identity was an anomaly that would die with me.

Odrastao sam misleći da je moj identitet anomalija koja će umreti sa mnom.

People drilled this idea of otherness into my mind,

Ljudi su mi ubacili u glavu tu ideju različitosti

and I bought it because I didn't know anyone else like me.

i ja sam to usvojio jer nisam znao nikog sličnog sebi.

Maybe if I had known my ancestors sooner,

Možda mi, da sam ranije znao za svoje pretke,

it wouldn't have taken me so long to find a source of pride

ne bi trebalo toliko vremena da nađem izvor ponosa

in my identity and in my community.

u svom identitetu i svojoj zajednici.

Because I belong to an amazing, vibrant community of people

Jer pripadam neverovatnoj, živoj zajednici ljudi

that uplift each other even when others won't,

koji se međusobno uzdižu čak i kada to ne dobijaju od drugih,

that take care of each other even when we are struggling,

koji se brinu jedni o drugima čak i kada se muče,

that somehow, despite it all,

koji nekako, uprkos svemu,

still find cause to celebrate each other,

i dalje nalaze razlog da slave jedni druge,

to love each other,

da vole jedni druge,

to look one another in the eyes and say,

da pogledaju jedni druge u oči i kažu:

"You are not alone.

„Nisi sam.

You have us.

Imaš nas.

And we're not going anywhere."

I ne idemo nigde.“

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)