A short history of trans people's long fight for equality | Samy Nour Younes

117,289 views ・ 2019-04-30

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: Judit Fernandez Garcia Reviewer: Claudia Herreros
00:12
Why are transgender people suddenly everywhere?
0
12651
2638
Per què les persones transgènere estem de sobte a tot arreu?
00:15
(Laughter)
1
15313
2143
(Riures)
00:17
As a trans activist, I get this question a lot.
2
17480
2831
Com a activista trans, em fan molt aquesta pregunta.
00:20
Keep in mind, less than one percent of American adults
3
20653
2550
Tingueu en compte, que menys d'1%
dels adults nord-americans
00:23
openly identify as trans.
4
23227
1722
s'identifiquen obertament com a trans.
00:25
According to a recent GLAAD survey, about 16 percent of non-trans Americans
5
25333
3833
Segons una recent enquesta de GLAAD,
un 16% dels nord-americans no trans
00:29
claim to know a trans person in real life.
6
29190
2333
diu que coneix una persona trans en la vida real.
00:31
So for the other 84 percent, this may seem like a new topic.
7
31547
3450
Així, per a l’altre 84%, això pot semblar un tema nou.
00:35
But trans people are not new.
8
35021
2198
Però les persones trans no són noves.
00:38
Gender variance is older than you think,
9
38118
2188
La variació de gènere és més antiga del que creieu,
00:40
and trans people are part of that legacy.
10
40330
2127
i les persones trans són part d’aquest llegat.
00:43
From central Africa to South America to the Pacific Islands and beyond,
11
43794
3984
Des de l'Àfrica Central a Sud-amèrica a les illes del Pacífic i més enllà,
00:47
there have been populations who recognize multiple genders,
12
47802
2991
hi ha hagut poblacions que reconeixen diversos gèneres,
00:50
and they go way back.
13
50817
1873
i que es remunten a temps enrere.
00:52
The hijra of India and Pakistan, for example,
14
52714
2198
Les hijra de l’Índia i el Pakistan, per exemple,
00:54
have been cited as far back as 2,000 years ago in the Kama Sutra.
15
54936
3377
les citaven fa més de 2.000 anys al Kama Sutra.
00:58
Indigenous American nations each have their own terms,
16
58983
2533
Cada nació indígena americana té els seus propis termes,
01:01
but most share the umbrella term "two-spirit."
17
61540
2174
però la majoria comparteix la idea "dos esperits".
01:04
They saw gender-variant people
18
64722
1501
Veien a les persones amb variants de gènere
01:06
as shamans and healers in their communities,
19
66247
2370
com xamans i curanderos a les seves comunitats,
01:08
and it wasn't until the spread of colonialism
20
68641
3021
i no va ser fins la propagació del colonialisme
01:11
that they were taught to think otherwise.
21
71686
2087
que els va ensenyar a pensar el contrari.
01:15
Now, in researching trans history,
22
75387
1930
En la investigació de la història trans,
01:17
we look for both trans people and trans practices.
23
77341
2956
busquem tant persones trans com pràctiques trans.
01:21
Take, for example, the women who presented as men
24
81062
2286
Per exemple, les dones que es van presentar com a homes
01:23
so they could fight in the US Civil War.
25
83372
2265
per poder lluitar a la Guerra Civil dels EUA.
01:25
After the war, most resumed their lives as women,
26
85974
2422
Després de la guerra, la majoria van reprendre les seves vides com a dones,
01:28
but some, like Albert Cashier, continued to live as men.
27
88420
4102
però algunes, com Albert Cashier, van seguir vivint com a homes.
01:33
Albert was eventually confined to an asylum
28
93326
2334
Finalment, l'Albert va ser confinat en un asil
01:35
and forced to wear a dress for the rest of his life.
29
95684
2748
i obligat a portar vestit la resta de la seva vida.
01:39
(Sighs)
30
99596
837
(Sospirs)
01:41
Around 1895, a group of self-described androgynes
31
101277
3182
Cap el 1895, un grup autodescrit com a andrògins
01:44
formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos.
32
104483
1889
van formar el Cercle Hermaphroditos.
01:46
Their mission was to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution.
33
106755
4477
La seva missió era unir-se per defensar-se contra la persecució implacable del món.
01:51
And in doing that, they became one of the earliest trans support groups.
34
111256
3786
I en fer això, es van convertir en un dels primers grups de suport trans.
01:55
By the '40s and '50s, medical researchers were starting to study trans medicine,
35
115066
3778
Als anys 40 i 50, els investigadors mèdics començaven a estudiar medicina trans,
01:58
but they were aided by their trans patients,
36
118868
2127
però amb ajuda dels seus pacients trans,
02:01
like Louise Lawrence, a trans woman who had corresponded extensively
37
121019
3405
com Louise Lawrence, una dona trans que s'havia relacionat àmpliament
02:04
with people who had been arrested for public cross-dressing.
38
124448
3205
amb persones a qui havien arrestat per travestir-se de manera pública.
02:08
She introduced sexual researchers like Alfred Kinsey
39
128320
2763
Va presentar investigadors sexuals com l'Alfred Kinsey
02:11
to a massive trans network.
40
131107
1641
a una xarxa trans massiva.
02:14
Other early figures would follow,
41
134058
1612
Van seguir d'altres figures primerenques,
02:15
like Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson and the famous Christine Jorgensen,
42
135694
4919
com Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson i la famosa Christine Jorgensen,
02:20
who made headlines with her very public transition in 1952.
43
140637
3439
qui va ser notícia per la seva transició de gènere molt pública el 1952.
02:24
But while white trans suburbanites were forming their own support networks,
44
144904
3634
Però mentre els suburbans trans blancs formaven les seves xarxes de suport,
02:28
many trans people of color had to carve their own path.
45
148562
2786
moltes persones trans de color havien de traçar el seu propi camí.
02:32
Some, like Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, walked in drag balls.
46
152156
3699
Alguns, com Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, feien festes drag.
02:36
Others were the so-called "street queens,"
47
156252
2326
Altres eren les anomenades "reines del carrer",
02:38
who were often targeted by police for their gender expression
48
158602
2941
sovint víctimes de la policia per expressar el seu gènere,
02:41
and found themselves on the forefront of seminal events
49
161567
2937
que acabaren a l'avantguarda dels esdeveniments fonamentals
02:44
in the LGBT rights movement.
50
164528
1658
del moviment de drets LGBT.
02:47
This brings us to the riots at Cooper Do-nuts in 1959,
51
167178
3558
Això ens porta als disturbis de Cooper Do-nuts el 1959,
02:50
Compton's Cafeteria in 1966
52
170760
2755
Compton's Cafeteria el 1966
02:53
and the famous Stonewall Inn in 1969.
53
173539
2760
i el famós Stonewall Inn el 1969.
02:57
In 1970, Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson,
54
177393
3889
El 1970, Sylvia Rivera i Marsha P. Johnson,
03:01
two veterans of Stonewall,
55
181306
1722
dues veteranes de Stonewall,
03:03
established STAR: Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries.
56
183052
4507
van crear STAR: Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries.
03:08
Trans people continued to fight for equal treatment under the law,
57
188529
3434
Les persones trans lluitaven per un tracte igualitari segons la llei,
03:11
even as they faced higher rates of discrimination,
58
191987
2661
fins i tot quan s'enfrontaven a taxes més altes de discriminació,
03:14
unemployment, arrests, and the looming AIDS epidemic.
59
194672
3762
atur, detencions i l'epidèmia de sida que apareixia.
03:20
For as long as we've been around,
60
200835
1579
Des que estem en aquest món,
03:22
those in power have sought to disenfranchise trans people
61
202438
2769
els poderosos han buscat marginar a les persones trans
03:25
for daring to live lives that are ours.
62
205231
2135
per atrevir-nos a viure vides que són nostres.
03:28
This motion picture still, taken in Berlin in 1933,
63
208964
4072
Aquesta imatge feta a Berlín el 1933,
encara s'utilitza de vegades en els llibres d'història
03:33
is sometimes used in history textbooks
64
213060
1888
03:34
to illustrate how the Nazis burned works they considered un-German.
65
214972
3918
per il·lustrar com els nazis cremaven obres que consideraven no alemanyes.
03:38
But what's rarely mentioned is that included in this massive pile
66
218914
3293
Però el que poc s'esmenta és que en aquesta gran pila s'inclouen
03:42
are works from the Institute for Sexual Research.
67
222231
2858
les obres de l'Institut d'Investigació Sexual.
03:45
See, I just recapped the trans movement in America,
68
225113
3270
Mireu, jo he recapitulat el moviment trans a Amèrica,
03:48
but Magnus Hirschfeld and his peers in Germany
69
228407
2175
però Magnus Hirschfeld i els seus companys d'Alemanya
03:50
had us beat by a few decades.
70
230606
1911
ens guanyen per unes dècades.
03:53
Magnus Hirschfeld was an early advocate for LGBT people.
71
233422
3777
Magnus Hirschfeld va ser un dels primers defensors de les persones LGBT.
03:57
He wrote the first book-length account of trans individuals.
72
237223
2867
Va escriure el primer llibre sobre persones trans.
04:00
He helped them obtain medical services and IDs.
73
240114
2870
Els va ajudar a obtenir serveis mèdics i carnets d'identitat.
04:03
He worked with the Berlin Police Department
74
243008
2061
Va treballar amb la policia de Berlín
per acabar amb la discriminació de persones LGBT
04:05
to end discrimination of LGBT people,
75
245093
1820
04:06
and he hired them at the Institute.
76
246937
1911
i les va contractar a l'Institut.
04:08
So when the Nazi Party burned his library,
77
248872
2027
Quan el partit nazi va cremar la seva biblioteca,
04:10
it had devastating implications for trans research around the world.
78
250923
3292
va tenir implicacions terribles per a la recerca trans de tot el món.
04:15
This was a deliberate attempt to erase trans people,
79
255214
3007
Aquest va ser un intent deliberat d’eliminar les persones trans,
04:18
and it was neither the first nor the last.
80
258245
2095
i no va ser ni el primer ni l’últim.
Així que quan em pregunten per què les persones trans
04:22
So whenever people ask me why trans people are suddenly everywhere,
81
262006
3278
de sobte estan a tot arreu,
04:25
I just want to tell them that we've been here.
82
265308
2206
només vull dir que hem estat sempre aquí.
04:27
These stories have to be told,
83
267538
1461
Cal explicar aquestes històries,
04:29
along with the countless others that have been buried by time.
84
269023
2906
juntament amb altres innombrables que el temps ha enterrat.
04:31
Not only were our lives not celebrated, but our struggles have been forgotten
85
271953
3708
No només no s'han celebrat les nostres vides, s'han oblidat les nostres lluites
04:35
and, yeah, to some people, that makes trans issues seem new.
86
275685
3142
i, sí, per a alguns, els temes trans poden semblar nous.
04:38
Today, I meet a lot of people who think that our movement
87
278851
2759
Avui em trobo amb molts que pensen que el nostre moviment
04:41
is just a phase that will pass,
88
281634
2201
és només una fase que passarà,
04:43
but I also hear well-intentioned allies telling us all to be patient,
89
283859
3548
però també sento aliats ben intencionats
que ens demanen tenir paciència,
04:47
because our movement is "still new."
90
287431
1864
perquè el nostre moviment és "encara nou".
04:50
Imagine how the conversation would shift
91
290819
1950
Imagineu-vos com canviaria la conversa
04:52
if we acknowledge just how long trans people have been demanding equality.
92
292793
3674
si sabéssim el temps que fa que les persones trans exigeixen igualtat.
04:57
Are we still overreacting?
93
297605
1608
Encara estem exagerant?
05:00
Should we continue to wait?
94
300197
1310
Hem de continuar esperant?
05:02
Or should we, for example,
95
302401
1715
O hauríem de fer, per exemple,
05:04
do something about the trans women of color who are murdered
96
304140
2902
alguna cosa per les dones trans de color que són assassinades
05:07
and whose killers never see justice?
97
307066
1875
i els seus assassins mai no arriben a ser jutjats?
05:10
Do our circumstances seem dire to you yet?
98
310178
2127
Les nostres circumstàncies ja us semblen prou dures?
05:12
(Sighs)
99
312992
710
(Sospirs)
05:14
Finally, I want other trans people to realize they're not alone.
100
314880
3583
Finalment, vull que altres persones trans vegin que no estan soles.
05:19
I grew up thinking my identity was an anomaly that would die with me.
101
319535
3666
Vaig créixer pensant que la meva identitat era una anomalia que moria amb mi.
05:23
People drilled this idea of otherness into my mind,
102
323934
2475
La gent em va ficar al cap aquesta idea d’alteritat,
05:26
and I bought it because I didn't know anyone else like me.
103
326433
2808
i m'ho vaig creure perquè no coneixia a ningú més com jo.
05:30
Maybe if I had known my ancestors sooner,
104
330084
2675
Potser si hagués conegut els meus avantpassats abans,
05:32
it wouldn't have taken me so long to find a source of pride
105
332783
2781
no hauria trigat tant a trobar una font d’orgull
05:35
in my identity and in my community.
106
335588
2363
en la meva identitat i la meva comunitat.
05:39
Because I belong to an amazing, vibrant community of people
107
339150
3515
Perquè pertanyo a una comunitat increïble i vibrant de persones
05:42
that uplift each other even when others won't,
108
342689
2659
que s’animen mútuament fins i tot quan els altres no ho fan,
05:45
that take care of each other even when we are struggling,
109
345372
3063
que ens cuidem els uns als altres fins i tot quan patim,
05:48
that somehow, despite it all,
110
348459
2333
que, de totes maneres, malgrat tot,
05:50
still find cause to celebrate each other,
111
350816
2830
trobem motius per celebrar-nos,
05:53
to love each other,
112
353670
1990
per estimar-nos,
05:55
to look one another in the eyes and say,
113
355684
2076
per mirar-nos els uns als altres als ulls i dir:
05:58
"You are not alone.
114
358244
1730
"No estàs sol.
06:01
You have us.
115
361172
1381
Ens tens a nosaltres.
06:03
And we're not going anywhere."
116
363027
1518
I no marxarem enlloc".
06:05
Thank you.
117
365991
1151
Gràcies.
06:07
(Applause)
118
367166
6326
(Aplaudiments)
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7