A short history of trans people's long fight for equality | Samy Nour Younes

122,443 views ・ 2019-04-30

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Translator: Judit Fernandez Garcia Reviewer: Claudia Herreros
00:12
Why are transgender people suddenly everywhere?
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Per què les persones transgènere estem de sobte a tot arreu?
00:15
(Laughter)
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(Riures)
00:17
As a trans activist, I get this question a lot.
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Com a activista trans, em fan molt aquesta pregunta.
00:20
Keep in mind, less than one percent of American adults
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Tingueu en compte, que menys d'1%
dels adults nord-americans
00:23
openly identify as trans.
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s'identifiquen obertament com a trans.
00:25
According to a recent GLAAD survey, about 16 percent of non-trans Americans
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Segons una recent enquesta de GLAAD,
un 16% dels nord-americans no trans
00:29
claim to know a trans person in real life.
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diu que coneix una persona trans en la vida real.
00:31
So for the other 84 percent, this may seem like a new topic.
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Així, per a l’altre 84%, això pot semblar un tema nou.
00:35
But trans people are not new.
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Però les persones trans no són noves.
00:38
Gender variance is older than you think,
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La variació de gènere és més antiga del que creieu,
00:40
and trans people are part of that legacy.
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i les persones trans són part d’aquest llegat.
00:43
From central Africa to South America to the Pacific Islands and beyond,
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Des de l'Àfrica Central a Sud-amèrica a les illes del Pacífic i més enllà,
00:47
there have been populations who recognize multiple genders,
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hi ha hagut poblacions que reconeixen diversos gèneres,
00:50
and they go way back.
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i que es remunten a temps enrere.
00:52
The hijra of India and Pakistan, for example,
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Les hijra de l’Índia i el Pakistan, per exemple,
00:54
have been cited as far back as 2,000 years ago in the Kama Sutra.
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les citaven fa més de 2.000 anys al Kama Sutra.
00:58
Indigenous American nations each have their own terms,
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Cada nació indígena americana té els seus propis termes,
01:01
but most share the umbrella term "two-spirit."
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però la majoria comparteix la idea "dos esperits".
01:04
They saw gender-variant people
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Veien a les persones amb variants de gènere
01:06
as shamans and healers in their communities,
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com xamans i curanderos a les seves comunitats,
01:08
and it wasn't until the spread of colonialism
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i no va ser fins la propagació del colonialisme
01:11
that they were taught to think otherwise.
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que els va ensenyar a pensar el contrari.
01:15
Now, in researching trans history,
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En la investigació de la història trans,
01:17
we look for both trans people and trans practices.
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busquem tant persones trans com pràctiques trans.
01:21
Take, for example, the women who presented as men
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Per exemple, les dones que es van presentar com a homes
01:23
so they could fight in the US Civil War.
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per poder lluitar a la Guerra Civil dels EUA.
01:25
After the war, most resumed their lives as women,
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Després de la guerra, la majoria van reprendre les seves vides com a dones,
01:28
but some, like Albert Cashier, continued to live as men.
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però algunes, com Albert Cashier, van seguir vivint com a homes.
01:33
Albert was eventually confined to an asylum
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Finalment, l'Albert va ser confinat en un asil
01:35
and forced to wear a dress for the rest of his life.
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i obligat a portar vestit la resta de la seva vida.
01:39
(Sighs)
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(Sospirs)
01:41
Around 1895, a group of self-described androgynes
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Cap el 1895, un grup autodescrit com a andrògins
01:44
formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos.
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van formar el Cercle Hermaphroditos.
01:46
Their mission was to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution.
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La seva missió era unir-se per defensar-se contra la persecució implacable del món.
01:51
And in doing that, they became one of the earliest trans support groups.
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I en fer això, es van convertir en un dels primers grups de suport trans.
01:55
By the '40s and '50s, medical researchers were starting to study trans medicine,
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Als anys 40 i 50, els investigadors mèdics començaven a estudiar medicina trans,
01:58
but they were aided by their trans patients,
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però amb ajuda dels seus pacients trans,
02:01
like Louise Lawrence, a trans woman who had corresponded extensively
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com Louise Lawrence, una dona trans que s'havia relacionat àmpliament
02:04
with people who had been arrested for public cross-dressing.
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amb persones a qui havien arrestat per travestir-se de manera pública.
02:08
She introduced sexual researchers like Alfred Kinsey
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Va presentar investigadors sexuals com l'Alfred Kinsey
02:11
to a massive trans network.
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a una xarxa trans massiva.
02:14
Other early figures would follow,
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Van seguir d'altres figures primerenques,
02:15
like Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson and the famous Christine Jorgensen,
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com Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson i la famosa Christine Jorgensen,
02:20
who made headlines with her very public transition in 1952.
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qui va ser notícia per la seva transició de gènere molt pública el 1952.
02:24
But while white trans suburbanites were forming their own support networks,
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Però mentre els suburbans trans blancs formaven les seves xarxes de suport,
02:28
many trans people of color had to carve their own path.
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moltes persones trans de color havien de traçar el seu propi camí.
02:32
Some, like Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, walked in drag balls.
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Alguns, com Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, feien festes drag.
02:36
Others were the so-called "street queens,"
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Altres eren les anomenades "reines del carrer",
02:38
who were often targeted by police for their gender expression
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sovint víctimes de la policia per expressar el seu gènere,
02:41
and found themselves on the forefront of seminal events
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que acabaren a l'avantguarda dels esdeveniments fonamentals
02:44
in the LGBT rights movement.
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del moviment de drets LGBT.
02:47
This brings us to the riots at Cooper Do-nuts in 1959,
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Això ens porta als disturbis de Cooper Do-nuts el 1959,
02:50
Compton's Cafeteria in 1966
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Compton's Cafeteria el 1966
02:53
and the famous Stonewall Inn in 1969.
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i el famós Stonewall Inn el 1969.
02:57
In 1970, Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson,
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El 1970, Sylvia Rivera i Marsha P. Johnson,
03:01
two veterans of Stonewall,
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dues veteranes de Stonewall,
03:03
established STAR: Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries.
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van crear STAR: Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries.
03:08
Trans people continued to fight for equal treatment under the law,
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Les persones trans lluitaven per un tracte igualitari segons la llei,
03:11
even as they faced higher rates of discrimination,
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fins i tot quan s'enfrontaven a taxes més altes de discriminació,
03:14
unemployment, arrests, and the looming AIDS epidemic.
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atur, detencions i l'epidèmia de sida que apareixia.
03:20
For as long as we've been around,
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Des que estem en aquest món,
03:22
those in power have sought to disenfranchise trans people
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els poderosos han buscat marginar a les persones trans
03:25
for daring to live lives that are ours.
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per atrevir-nos a viure vides que són nostres.
03:28
This motion picture still, taken in Berlin in 1933,
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Aquesta imatge feta a Berlín el 1933,
encara s'utilitza de vegades en els llibres d'història
03:33
is sometimes used in history textbooks
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03:34
to illustrate how the Nazis burned works they considered un-German.
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per il·lustrar com els nazis cremaven obres que consideraven no alemanyes.
03:38
But what's rarely mentioned is that included in this massive pile
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Però el que poc s'esmenta és que en aquesta gran pila s'inclouen
03:42
are works from the Institute for Sexual Research.
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les obres de l'Institut d'Investigació Sexual.
03:45
See, I just recapped the trans movement in America,
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Mireu, jo he recapitulat el moviment trans a Amèrica,
03:48
but Magnus Hirschfeld and his peers in Germany
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però Magnus Hirschfeld i els seus companys d'Alemanya
03:50
had us beat by a few decades.
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ens guanyen per unes dècades.
03:53
Magnus Hirschfeld was an early advocate for LGBT people.
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Magnus Hirschfeld va ser un dels primers defensors de les persones LGBT.
03:57
He wrote the first book-length account of trans individuals.
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Va escriure el primer llibre sobre persones trans.
04:00
He helped them obtain medical services and IDs.
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Els va ajudar a obtenir serveis mèdics i carnets d'identitat.
04:03
He worked with the Berlin Police Department
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Va treballar amb la policia de Berlín
per acabar amb la discriminació de persones LGBT
04:05
to end discrimination of LGBT people,
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04:06
and he hired them at the Institute.
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i les va contractar a l'Institut.
04:08
So when the Nazi Party burned his library,
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Quan el partit nazi va cremar la seva biblioteca,
04:10
it had devastating implications for trans research around the world.
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va tenir implicacions terribles per a la recerca trans de tot el món.
04:15
This was a deliberate attempt to erase trans people,
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Aquest va ser un intent deliberat d’eliminar les persones trans,
04:18
and it was neither the first nor the last.
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i no va ser ni el primer ni l’últim.
Així que quan em pregunten per què les persones trans
04:22
So whenever people ask me why trans people are suddenly everywhere,
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de sobte estan a tot arreu,
04:25
I just want to tell them that we've been here.
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només vull dir que hem estat sempre aquí.
04:27
These stories have to be told,
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Cal explicar aquestes històries,
04:29
along with the countless others that have been buried by time.
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juntament amb altres innombrables que el temps ha enterrat.
04:31
Not only were our lives not celebrated, but our struggles have been forgotten
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No només no s'han celebrat les nostres vides, s'han oblidat les nostres lluites
04:35
and, yeah, to some people, that makes trans issues seem new.
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i, sí, per a alguns, els temes trans poden semblar nous.
04:38
Today, I meet a lot of people who think that our movement
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Avui em trobo amb molts que pensen que el nostre moviment
04:41
is just a phase that will pass,
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és només una fase que passarà,
04:43
but I also hear well-intentioned allies telling us all to be patient,
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però també sento aliats ben intencionats
que ens demanen tenir paciència,
04:47
because our movement is "still new."
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perquè el nostre moviment és "encara nou".
04:50
Imagine how the conversation would shift
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Imagineu-vos com canviaria la conversa
04:52
if we acknowledge just how long trans people have been demanding equality.
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si sabéssim el temps que fa que les persones trans exigeixen igualtat.
04:57
Are we still overreacting?
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Encara estem exagerant?
05:00
Should we continue to wait?
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Hem de continuar esperant?
05:02
Or should we, for example,
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O hauríem de fer, per exemple,
05:04
do something about the trans women of color who are murdered
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alguna cosa per les dones trans de color que són assassinades
05:07
and whose killers never see justice?
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i els seus assassins mai no arriben a ser jutjats?
05:10
Do our circumstances seem dire to you yet?
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Les nostres circumstàncies ja us semblen prou dures?
05:12
(Sighs)
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(Sospirs)
05:14
Finally, I want other trans people to realize they're not alone.
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Finalment, vull que altres persones trans vegin que no estan soles.
05:19
I grew up thinking my identity was an anomaly that would die with me.
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Vaig créixer pensant que la meva identitat era una anomalia que moria amb mi.
05:23
People drilled this idea of otherness into my mind,
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La gent em va ficar al cap aquesta idea d’alteritat,
05:26
and I bought it because I didn't know anyone else like me.
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i m'ho vaig creure perquè no coneixia a ningú més com jo.
05:30
Maybe if I had known my ancestors sooner,
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Potser si hagués conegut els meus avantpassats abans,
05:32
it wouldn't have taken me so long to find a source of pride
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no hauria trigat tant a trobar una font d’orgull
05:35
in my identity and in my community.
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en la meva identitat i la meva comunitat.
05:39
Because I belong to an amazing, vibrant community of people
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Perquè pertanyo a una comunitat increïble i vibrant de persones
05:42
that uplift each other even when others won't,
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que s’animen mútuament fins i tot quan els altres no ho fan,
05:45
that take care of each other even when we are struggling,
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que ens cuidem els uns als altres fins i tot quan patim,
05:48
that somehow, despite it all,
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que, de totes maneres, malgrat tot,
05:50
still find cause to celebrate each other,
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trobem motius per celebrar-nos,
05:53
to love each other,
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per estimar-nos,
05:55
to look one another in the eyes and say,
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per mirar-nos els uns als altres als ulls i dir:
05:58
"You are not alone.
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"No estàs sol.
06:01
You have us.
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Ens tens a nosaltres.
06:03
And we're not going anywhere."
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I no marxarem enlloc".
06:05
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
06:07
(Applause)
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(Aplaudiments)
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