Maps that show us who we are (not just where we are) | Danny Dorling

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

I'd like you to imagine the world anew.

Hteo bih da iznova zamislite svet.

I'd like to show you some maps,

Želeo bih da vam pokažem neke mape

which have been drawn by Ben Hennig,

koje je nacrtao Ben Henig

of the planet in a way

i koje prikazuju planetu na način

that most of you will never have seen the planet depicted before.

na koji većina vas nikada nije videla.

Here's an image that you're very familiar with.

Evo slike koja vam je vrlo poznata.

I'm old enough that I was actually born before we saw this image.

Toliko sam star da sam zapravo rođen pre nego što smo videli ovu sliku.

Apparently some of my first words were "moona, moona,"

Navodno je jedna od mojih prvih reči bila „mesec, mesec“,

but I think that's my mom having a particular fantasy

ali mislim da je to moja mama imala specifičnu fantaziju

about what her baby boy could see

o tome šta bi njen dečačić mogao da vidi

on the flickering black and white TV screen.

na treperavom crno-belom ekranu TV-a.

It's only been a few centuries

Ima svega nekoliko vekova

since we've actually, most of us, thought of our planet as spherical.

otkad većina nas zamišlja našu planetu kao sferu.

When we first saw these images in the 1960s,

Kada smo prvi put videli ove slike '60-ih godina,

the world was changing at an incredible rate.

svet se menjao neverovatnom brzinom.

In my own little discipline of human geography,

U mojoj maloj disciplini ljudske geografije,

a cartographer called Waldo Tobler

kartograf po imenu Voldo Tobler

was drawing new maps of the planet,

crtao je nove mape planete

and these maps have now spread,

koje su se danas proširile,

and I'm going to show you one of them now.

a pokazaću vam sada jednu od njih.

This map is a map of the world,

Ovo je mapa sveta,

but it's a map which looks to you

ali vam ta mapa izgleda

a little bit strange.

pomalo čudno.

It's a map in which we stretched places,

To je mapa na kojoj smo raširili mesta,

so that those areas which contain many people are drawn larger,

tako da su one oblasti koje obuhvataju mnogo ljudi

nacrtane kao veće,

and those areas, like the Sahara and the Himalayas,

a one oblasti, poput Sahare i Himalaja,

in which there are few people, have been shrunk away.

gde ima malo ljudi, smanjene su.

Everybody on the planet is given an equal amount of space.

Svima na planeti je data jednaka količina prostora.

The cities are shown shining bright.

Gradovi su prikazani tako da sijaju.

The lines are showing you submarine cables and trade routes.

Linije vam pokazuju podmorske kablove i trgovačke puteve.

And there's one particular line that goes from the Chinese port of Dalian

Tu je i jedna posebna linija koja ide od kineske luke Dalijan,

through past Singapore,

prolazi pored Singapura,

through the Suez Canal,

kroz Suecki kanal,

through the Mediterranean and round to Rotterdam.

kroz Sredozemlje i okolo do Roterdama.

And it's showing you the route

Pokazuje vam i putanju

of what was the world's largest ship just a year ago,

nečega što je bio najveći brod na svetu pre samo godinu dana,

a ship which was taking so many containers of goods

brod koji je prenosio toliko sanduka sa robom da,

that when they were unloaded,

kada bi se istovarili,

if the lorries had all gone in convoy, they would have been 100 kilometers long.

kada bi svi kamioni krenuli u koloni, ona bi bila duga 100 kilometara.

This is how our world is now connected.

Ovako je danas naš svet povezan.

This is the quantity of stuff we are now moving around the world,

To je količina stvari koje danas prevozimo širom sveta,

just on one ship, on one voyage,

samo na jednom brodu, na jednom putovanju,

in five weeks.

tokom pet nedelja.

We've lived in cities for a very long time,

Dugo živimo u gradovima,

but most of us didn't live in cities.

ali većina nas nije živela u njima.

This is Çatalhöyük, one of the world's first cities.

Ovo je Čatal Hujuk, jedan od prvih svetskih gradova.

At its peak 9,000 years ago,

Na njegovom vrhuncu pre 9 000 godina,

people had to walk over the roofs of others' houses to get to their home.

ljudi su morali da hodaju preko krovova kuća drugih ljudi da bi stigli do svoje.

If you look carefully at the map of the city,

Ako pažljivo pogledate mapu grada,

you'll see it has no streets,

videćete da nema ulice,

because streets are something we invented.

jer su ulice nešto što smo izumeli.

The world changes.

Svet se menja.

It changes by trial and error.

Menja se putem pokušaja i pogrešaka.

We work out slowly and gradually

Polako i postepeno otkrivamo

how to live in better ways.

kako da živimo na bolje načine.

And the world has changed incredibly quickly most recently.

Svet se u skorije vreme menjao neverovatno brzo.

It's only within the last six, seven, or eight generations

Tek smo tokom poslednjih šest, sedam ili osam generacija

that we have actually realized that we are a species.

zapravo shvatili da smo vrsta.

It's only within the last few decades

Tek se poslednjih nekoliko decenija

that a map like this could be drawn.

ovakva mapa mogla nacrtati.

Again, the underlying map is the map of world population,

Još jednom, mapa u osnovi ove je mapa svetskog stanovništva,

but over it, you're seeing arrows showing how we spread out of Africa

ali po njoj vidite strelice koje pokazuju kako smo se proširili iz Afrike

with dates showing you where we think we arrived

sa datumima koji vam pokazuju gde mislimo da smo stigli

at particular times.

u određeno vreme.

I have to redraw this map every few months,

Moram iznova da crtam ovu mapu svakih nekoliko meseci,

because somebody makes a discovery that a particular date was wrong.

jer neko dođe do otkrića da je određeni datum bio pogrešan.

We are learning about ourselves at an incredible speed.

Saznajemo o sebi neverovatnom brzinom.

And we're changing.

Takođe se menjamo.

A lot of change is gradual.

Mnoge promene su postepene.

It's accretion.

To je nadograđivanje.

We don't notice the change

Ne primećujemo promene

because we only have short lives,

jer imamo kratke živote -

70, 80, if you're lucky 90 years.

70, 80, ako imate sreće, 90 godina.

This graph is showing you

Ovaj grafikon vam pokazuje

the annual rate of population growth in the world.

godišnju stopu rasta stanovništva u svetu.

It was very low until around about 1850,

Bila je vrlo niska do otprilike 1850. godine,

and then the rate of population growth

a zatim je stopa rasta populacije

began to rise

počela da se povećava

so that around the time I was born,

tako da je u vreme kada sam ja rođen,

when we first saw those images from the moon of our planet,

kada smo prvi put videli one slike naše planete sa Meseca,

our global population was growing at two percent a year.

naše globalno stanovništvo raslo dva procenta godišnje.

If it had carried on growing at two percent a year

Da je nastavilo da raste dva posto godišnje

for just another couple of centuries,

samo još par vekova,

the entire planet would be covered

čitava planeta bi bila prekrivena

with a seething mass of human bodies

nabujalom masom ljudskih tela

all touching each other.

koja se međusobno dodiruju.

And people were scared.

Ljudi su bili uplašeni.

They were scared of population growth

Uplašili su se rasta populacije

and what they called "the population bomb" in 1968.

i onoga što su nazvali „demografska bomba“ 1968. godine.

But then, if you look at the end of the graph,

Međutim, zatim je, ako pogledate kraj grafikona,

the growth began to slow.

rast stanovništva počeo da usporava.

The decade --

Decenijama -

the '70s, the '80s, the '90s, the noughties,

'70-ih, '80-ih, '90-ih, 2000-ih,

and in this decade, even faster --

a u ovoj deceniji čak i brže -

our population growth is slowing.

porast broja stanovnika usporava.

Our planet is stabilizing.

Naša planeta se stabilizuje.

We are heading towards nine, 10, or 11 billion people

Na putu smo ka 9, 10 ili 11 milijardi ljudi

by the end of the century.

do kraja veka.

Within that change, you can see tumult.

U okviru te promene, možete videti burne trenutke.

You can see the Second World War.

Možete videti Drugi svetski rat.

You can see the pandemic in 1918 from influenza.

Možete videti pandemiju španske groznice 1918. godine.

You can see the great Chinese famine.

Možete videti veliku glad u Kini.

These are the events we tend to concentrate on.

To su događaji na koje se obično usredsredimo.

We tend to concentrate on the terrible events in the news.

Skloni smo da se usredsredimo na užasne događaje u vestima.

We don't tend to concentrate on the gradual change

Nemamo običaj da se fokusiramo na postepene promene

and the good news stories.

i dobre priče u vestima.

We worry about people.

Brinemo se zbog ljudi.

We worry about how many people there are.

Brine nas koliko ljudi ima.

We worry about how you can get away from people.

Brine nas kako pobeći od ljudi.

But this is the map of the world changed again to make area large,

Ovo je mapa sveta koja je ponovo izmenjena tako da se oblasti uvećaju,

the further away people are from each area.

što su ljudi iz svake oblasti udaljeniji.

So if you want to know where to go to get away from everybody,

Dakle, ako želite da znate gde pobeći od svih,

here's the best places to go.

ovo su najbolja mesta za to.

And every year, these areas get bigger,

Svake godine ove oblasti postaju veće,

because every year, we are coming off the land globally.

jer se svake godine globalno odvajamo od zemljišta.

We are moving into the cities.

Selimo se u gradove.

We are packing in more densely.

Gušće se smeštamo.

There are wolves again in Europe,

Vukovi su ponovo u Evropi,

and the wolves are moving west across the continent.

a oni se sele zapadno širom kontinenta.

Our world is changing.

Naš svet se menja.

You have worries.

Muče vas brige.

This is a map showing where the water falls on our planet.

Ovo je mapa koja pokazuje gde pada voda na našoj planeti.

We now know that.

Sada to znamo.

And you can look at where Çatalhöyük was,

Možete pogledati tamo gde je bio Čatal Hujuk,

where three continents meet, Africa, Asia, and Europe,

gde se susreću tri kontinenta - Afrika, Azija i Evropa -

and you can see there are a large number of people living there

i možete videti da postoji veliki broj ljudi koji živi tamo

in areas with very little water.

u oblastima sa vrlo malo vode.

And you can see areas in which there is a great deal of rainfall as well.

Takođe možete videti oblasti u kojima ima mnogo padavina.

And we can get a bit more sophisticated.

Možemo da budemo malo prefinjeniji.

Instead of making the map be shaped by people,

Umesto da sačinimo mapu tako da je oblikuju ljudi,

we can shape the map by water,

možemo je oblikovati po vodi,

and then we can change it every month

a zatim je možemo menjati svakog meseca

to show the amount of water

da bismo pokazali količinu vode

falling on every small part of the globe.

koja pada na svakom deliću Zemljine kugle.

And you see the monsoons moving around the planet,

Vidite kako se monsuni kreću po planeti

and the planet almost appears to have a heartbeat.

i gotovo se čini da planeta ima otkucaje srca.

And all of this only became possible

Sve ovo je tek postalo moguće

within my lifetime

tokom mog života,

to see this is where we are living.

da vidimo gde živimo.

We have enough water.

Imamo dovoljno vode.

This is a map of where we grow our food in the world.

Ovo je mapa mesta u svetu na kojima uzgajamo hranu.

This is the areas that we will rely on most for rice and maize and corn.

Ovo su oblasti na koje se oslanjamo uglavnom za dobijanje pirinča i kukuruza.

People worry that there won't be enough food, but we know,

Ljudi brinu da neće biti dovoljno hrane,

ali znamo da, ako samo jedemo manje mesa i manje biljaka dajemo životinjama,

if we just ate less meat and fed less of the crops to animals,

there is enough food for everybody

postoji dovoljno hrane za sve

as long as we think of ourselves as one group of people.

dok god se smatramo jednom grupom ljudi.

And we also know

Takođe znamo

about what we do

šta to radimo

so terribly badly nowadays.

toliko užasno loše u današnje vreme.

You will have seen this map of the world before.

Videli ste ranije ovu mapu sveta.

This is the map

Ovo je mapa

produced by taking satellite images,

koja je nastala pomoću slika sa satelita,

if you remember those satellites around the planet

ako se sećate onih satelita oko planete

in the very first slide I showed,

na prvom slajdu koji sam pokazao,

and producing an image of what the Earth looks like at night.

i stvaranjem slike kako Zemlja izgleda noću.

When you normally see that map,

Kada inače vidite tu mapu,

on a normal map, the kind of map that most of you will be used to,

na normalnoj mapi, onakvoj na kakvu je većina nas navikla,

you think you are seeing a map of where people live.

mislite da vidite mapu mesta na kojima ljudi žive,

Where the lights are shining up is where people live.

pri čemu svetla osvetljavaju mesta gde ljudi žive.

But here, on this image of the world,

Međutim, ovde, na ovoj slici sveta,

remember we've stretched the map again.

setite se da smo ponovo rastegli mapu.

Everywhere has the same density of people on this map.

Svuda je ista gustina ljudi na ovoj mapi.

If an area doesn't have people,

Ako oblast nema ljudi,

we've shrunk it away

smanjili smo je

to make it disappear.

tako da nestane.

So we're showing everybody

Tako da sve prikazujemo

with equal prominence.

sa jednakom izraženošću.

Now, the lights no longer show you where people are,

Svetla vam sada više ne pokazuju gde se ljudi nalaze,

because people are everywhere.

jer su ljudi svuda.

Now the lights on the map,

Svetla na mapi -

the lights in London, the lights in Cairo, the lights in Tokyo,

svetla u Londonu, Kairu, Tokiju,

the lights on the Eastern Seaboard of the United States,

na istočnoj obali Sjedinjenih Država -

the lights show you where people live

svetla vam pokazuju mesta na kojima žive ljudi

who are so profligate with energy

koji su tako raskalašni u pogledu energije

that they can afford

da mogu da priušte

to spend money

da troše novac

powering lights to shine up into the sky,

paleći svetla tako da zasijaju ka nebu,

so satellites can draw an image like this.

pa sateliti mogu da načine ovakvu sliku.

And the areas that are dark on the map

Oblasti koje su mračne na mapi

are either areas where people do not have access to that much energy,

su ili oblasti u kojima ljudi nemaju toliko pristupa energiji,

or areas where people do,

ili oblasti u kojima imaju,

but they have learned to stop shining the light up into the sky.

ali su naučili da prestanu da obasjavaju nebo svetlošću.

And if I could show you this map animated over time,

Kada bih mogao da vam pokažem animaciju ove mape kroz vreme,

you would see that Tokyo has actually become darker,

videli biste da je Tokio postao tamniji,

because ever since the tsunami in Japan,

jer nakon cunamija u Japanu,

Japan has had to rely on a quarter less electricity

Japan mora da računa na četvrtinu manje električne energije

because it turned the nuclear power stations off.

jer je ugasio nuklearne elektrane.

And the world didn't end.

A nije nastao smak sveta.

You just shone less light

Samo je sijalo manje svetla ka nebu.

up into the sky.

There are a huge number

Postoji veliki broj

of good news stories in the world.

dobrih vesti u svetu.

Infant mortality is falling

Smrtnost novorođenčadi opada

and has been falling at an incredible rate.

i to neverovatnim tempom.

A few years ago,

Pre nekoliko godina,

the number of babies dying in their first year of life in the world

broj beba na svetu koje umiru u svojoj prvoj godini života

fell by five percent in just one year.

opao je za pet procenata za samo godinu dana.

More children are going to school

Više dece ide u školu,

uči da čita i piše,

and learning to read and write

and getting connected to the Internet

povezuje se na internet

and going on to go to university

i pohađa univerzitete

than ever before at an incredible rate,

nego ikada ranije neverovatnim tempom,

and the highest number of young people going to university in the world

a najveći broj mladih na svetu koji pohađaju univerzitete

are women, not men.

su žene, ne muškarci.

I can give you good news story after good news story

Mogu vam izneti dobre vesti za dobrim vestima

about what is getting better in the planet,

o tome šta se poboljšava na planeti,

but we tend to concentrate

ali skloni smo da se usredsredimo

on the bad news that is immediate.

na loše vesti koje su neposredne.

Rebecca Solnit, I think, put it brilliantly,

Rebeka Solnit je, po meni, briljantno to izrazila

when she explained: "The accretion of incremental, imperceptible changes

kada je objasnila: „Gomilanje postepenih, neprimetnih promena

which can constitute progress and which render our era

koje može sačinjavati napredak i koje dovodi do toga da se naše doba

dramatically different from the past" --

dramatično razlikuje od prošlosti“ -

the past was much more stable --

prošlost je bila mnogo stabilnija -

"a contrast obscured by the undramatic nature of gradual transformation,

„kontrast koji zaklanja nedramatična priroda postepenog preobražaja,

punctuated by occasional tumult."

isprekidana povremenom uzburkanošću.“

Occasionally, terrible things happen.

Povremeno se dešavaju užasne stvari.

You are shown those terrible things

Te grozne stvari vam pokazuju

on the news every night of the week.

u vestima svake večeri u nedelji.

You are not told about the population slowing down.

Ne govore vam o populaciji koja usporava,

You are not told about the world becoming more connected.

o svetu koji postaje povezaniji,

You are not told about the incredible improvements in understanding.

o neverovatnim poboljšanjima u razumevanju.

You are not told about how we are learning to begin

Ne govore vam o tome kako saznajemo

to waste less and consume less.

da počnemo da manje rasipamo i trošimo.

This is my last map.

Ovo je moja poslednja mapa.

On this map, we have taken the seas

Na njoj smo izostavili mora i okeane.

and the oceans out.

Now you are just looking

Sada samo gledate

at about 7.4 billion people

u oko 7,4 milijarde ljudi,

with the map drawn in proportion to those people.

pri čemu je mapa nacrtana srazmerno tim ljudima.

You're looking at over a billion in China,

Gledate u preko milijardu ljudi u Kini

and you can see the largest city in the world in China,

i možete videti najveći grad na svetu u Kini,

but you do not know its name.

ali ne znate njegovo ime.

You can see that India

Možete videti da je Indija

is in the center of this world.

u središtu ovog sveta.

You can see that Europe is on the edge.

Možete videti da je Evropa na ivici.

And we in Exeter today

A mi danas na Egzeteru

are on the far edge of the planet.

nalazimo se na krajnjoj ivici planete.

We are on a tiny scrap of rock

Na malom komadiću stene smo

off Europe

izvan Evrope

which contains less than one percent

koji sadrži manje od jednog procenta

of the world's adults,

odraslih osoba na svetu

and less than half a percent

i manje od polovine procenta

of the world's children.

svetske populacije dece.

We are living in a stabilizing world, an urbanizing world,

Živimo u svetu koji se stabilizuje i urbanizuje,

an aging world,

koji stari,

a connecting world.

povezuje se.

There are many, many things to be frightened about,

Postoji mnogo stvari zbog kojih se treba plašiti,

but there is no need for us to fear each other as much as we do,

ali nema potrebe da se bojimo jedni drugih onoliko koliko se bojimo,

and we need to see that we are now living in a new world.

i potrebno je da uvidimo da sada živimo u novom svetu.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)