Jaime Lerner: Sing a song of sustainable cities

Prevodilac: Miloš Milosavljević Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

I hope you'll understand my English.

Nadam se da ćete razumeti moj engleski.

In the mornings it is terrible, and the afternoon is worst.

Ujutru je očajan, a popodne je još gori.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

During many years, I made some speeches starting with this

U togu mnogih godina, održao sam nekoliko govora

saying: "City is not a problem, it's a solution."

počevši sa ovom izrekom: "Grad nije problem, on je rešenje."

And more and more, I'm convinced that

I sve više i više sam ubeđen

it's not only a solution for a country,

da nije samo rešenje za zemlju,

but it's a solution for the problem of climate change.

nego i rešenje za problem klimatskih promena.

But we have a very pessimistic approach about the cities.

Ali mi imamo vrlo pesimističan pristup gradovima.

I'm working in cities for almost 40 years,

Ja radim u gradovima skoro 40 godina,

and where every mayor is trying to tell me his city is so big,

gde svaki gradonačelnik pokušava da mi kaže da je njegov grad tako veliki

or the other mayors say, "We don't have financial resources,"

ili drugi gradonačelnici kažu: "Mi nemamo novčana sredstva."

I would like to say

Hteo bih da kažem

from the experience I had: every city in the world

iz iskustva koje sam imao: svaki grad na svetu

can be improved in less than three years.

može biti unapređen za manje od tri godine.

There's no matter of scale. It's not a question of scale,

Nije bitna razmera. Nije pitanje razmere,

it's not a question of financial resources.

nije pitanje novčanih sredstava.

Every problem in a city has to have its own equation of co-responsibility

Svaki problem u gradu treba da ima svoju jednačinu podeljene odgovornosti

and also a design.

i takođe dizajn.

So to start, I want to introduce some characters

Za početak, hteo bih da uvedem neke likove

from a book I made for teenagers.

iz knjige koju sam napravio za tinejdžere.

The best example of quality of life is the turtle

Najbolji primer kvaliteta života je kornjača

because the turtle is an example of living and working together.

jer je kornjača primer življenja i rada zajedno.

And when you realize that the casque of the turtle

Kada shvatite da oklop kornjače

looks like an urban tessitura,

izgleda kao urbana tekstura,

and can we imagine, if we cut the casque of the turtle, how sad she's going to be?

možemo li da zamislimo, ako isečemo kornjačin oklop koliko će ona biti tužna?

And that's what we're doing in our cities:

A to je ono što radimo u našim gradovima:

living here, working here, having leisure here.

živimo ovde, radimo ovde, odmaramo ovde.

And most of the people are leaving the city

I većina ljudi napušta grad

and living outside of the city.

i živi izvan grada.

So, the other character is Otto, the automobile.

Drugi lik je Oto, automobil.

He is invited for a party -- he never wants to leave.

On je pozvan na žurku - i ne želi uopšte da ode.

The chairs are on the tables and still drinking,

Stolice su na stolovima, a on još pije

and he drinks a lot. (Laughter)

i pije mnogo. (Smeh)

And he coughs a lot. Very egotistical:

I kašlje mnogo. Vrlo egoistično:

he carries only one or two people

on vozi samo jednu ili dve osobe

and he asks always for more infrastructure.

i stalno traži više infrastrukture.

Freeways.

Autoputeve.

He's a very demanding person.

Vrlo je zahtevna osoba.

And on the other hand, Accordion, the friendly bus,

I s druge strane, Harmonika, druželjubivi autobus,

he carries 300 people --

prevozi 300 ljudi -

275 in Sweden; 300 Brazilians. (Laughter)

275 u Švedskoj; 300 Brazilaca. (Smeh)

Speaking about the design: every city has its own design.

Kad govorimo o dizajnu: svaki grad ima svoj sopstveni dizajn.

Curitiba, my city: three million in the metropolitan area,

Kuritiba, moj grad: tri miliona u široj gradskoj zoni,

1,800,000 people in the city itself.

milion i osamsto hiljada ljudi u samom gradu.

Curitiba, Rio: it's like two birds kissing themselves.

Kuritiba, Rio: kao dve ptice koje se ljube.

Oaxaca, San Francisco -- it's very easy:

Oašaka, San Francisko - vrlo je lako:

Market Street, Van Ness and the waterfront.

Market strit, Van Nes i dokovi.

And every city has its own design.

Svaki grad ima svoj dizajn.

But to make it happen, sometimes you have to propose a scenario

Ali da biste to uradili, ponekad morate da predložite scenario

and to propose a design --

i da predložite dizajn -

an idea that everyone, or the large majority,

ideju da će svi ili većina

will help you to make it happen.

da vam pomogne da se to desi.

And that's the structure of the city of Curitiba.

Ovo je struktura grada Kuritibe.

And it's an example of living and working together.

To je primer življenja i rada zajedno.

And this is where we have more density;

Ovde imamo veću gustinu;

it's where we have more public transport.

tu imamo više javnog prevoza.

So, this system started in '74. We started with 25,000 passengers a day,

Ovaj sistem je krenuo '74. Počeli smo sa 25.000 putnika dnevno,

now it's 2,200,000 passengers a day.

sada je 2.200.000 putnika dnevno.

And it took 25 years until another city ...

I trebalo je 25 godina dok drugi grad...

which is Bogota, and they did a very good job.

a to je Bogota i oni su uradili vrlo dobar posao.

And now there's 83 cities all over the world that they

I sada ima 83 grada širom sveta

are doing what they call the BRT of Curitiba.

koji rade ono što zovu BRT (autobuski sistem) Kuritibe.

And one thing: it's important not for only your own city;

I jedna stvar: važno je ne samo za vaš sopstveni grad;

every city, besides its normal problems,

svaki grad pored svojih normalnih problema,

they have a very important role

ima vrlo važnu ulogu

in being with the whole humanity.

u postojanju sa celim čovečanstvom.

That means mostly two main issues --

To znači da uglavnom dva glavna pitanja -

mobility and sustainability -- are becoming very important for the cities.

pokretljivost i održivost - postaju vrlo važni za gradove.

And this is an articulated bus, double-articulated.

Ovo je zglobni autobus, sa dva zgloba.

And we are very close to my house.

Vrlo smo blizu moje kuće.

You can come when you are in Curitiba and have a coffee there.

Možete da dođete kad ste u Kuritibi i popijete kafu tamo.

And that's the evolution of the system.

I ovo je evolucija sistema.

What in the design that made the difference

Ono što se u dizajnu razlikuje

is the boarding tubes:

su cevi za ukrcavanje:

the boarding tube gives to the bus the same performance as a subway.

cev za ukrcavanje daje autobusu iste performanse kao što ima metro.

That's why, I'm trying to say,

Zbog toga pokušavam da kažem

it's like metro-nizing the bus.

da je to nešto kao "metronizovanje" autobusa.

This is the design of the bus,

Ovo je dizajn autobusa

and you can pay before entering the bus you're boarding.

i možete da platite pre ulaska u autobus u koji se ukrcavate.

And for handicapped, they can use this as a normal system.

I za hendikepirane, oni mogu da koriste ovo kao običan sistem.

What I'm trying to say is

Ono što pokušavam da kažem

the major contribution on carbon emissions are from the cars --

je da najveću zaslugu u ispuštanju ugljenika imaju automobili -

more than 50 percent -- so when we depend only on cars, it's ...

više od 50 posto - tako da ako zavisimo samo od automobila...

-- that's why when we're talking about sustainability,

- zbog toga, kad govorimo o održivosti,

it's not enough, green buildings.

nisu dovoljne ekološke zgrade.

It's not enough, a new materials.

Nisu dovoljni novi materijali.

It's not enough, new sources of energy.

Nisu dovoljni novi izvori energije.

It's the concept of the city, the design of the city,

Već koncept grada, dizajn grada,

that's also important, too. And also, how to teach the children.

to je takođe važno. I takođe, kako da naučimo decu.

I'll speak on this later on.

Govoriću o ovome kasnije.

Our idea of mobility is trying

Naša ideja pokretljivosti je pokušaj

to make the connections between all the systems.

da se naprave veze između svih sistema.

We started in '83, proposing for the city of Rio

Počeli smo '83., predlažući za grad Rio

how to connect the subway with the bus.

kako da poveže metro sa autobusima.

The subway was against, of course.

Metro je bio protiv, naravno.

And 23 years after, they called us to develop -- we're developing this idea.

I posle 23 godine, pozvali su nas da razvijemo - razvijamo ovu ideju.

And you can understand how different it's going to be,

I možete da razumete koliko različita će biti

the image of Rio with the system --

slika Ria sa sistemom -

one-minute frequency.

učestalost od jednog minuta.

And it's not Shanghai,

I to nije Šangaj,

it's not being colored during the day, only at night

nije obojeno u toku dana, samo noću

it will look this way.

izgledaće ovako.

And before you say it's a Norman Foster design,

I pre nego što kažete da je to dizajn Normana Fostera,

we designed this in '83.

mi smo dizajnirali ovo '83.

And this is the model,

Ovo je model

how it's going to work. So, it's the same system;

kako će raditi. Isti je sistem;

the vehicle is different. And that's the model.

vozilo je drugačije. I to je model.

What I'm trying to say is, I'm not trying

Ono što pokušavam da kažem je da ne pokušavam

to prove which system of transport is better.

da dokažem koji je sistem prevoza bolji.

I'm trying to say we have to combine

Pokušavam da kažem da moramo da kombinujemo

all the systems, and with one condition:

sve sisteme, sa jednim uslovom:

never -- if you have a subway, if you have surface systems,

nikad - ako imate metro, ako imate sisteme na površini,

if you have any kind of system --

ako imate bilo kakav sistem -

never compete in the same space.

nikad se ne takmičite u istom prostoru.

And coming back to the car, I always used to say

I da se vratimo na automobil, uvek sam govorio

that the car is like your mother-in-law:

da je auto kao vaša tašta:

you have to have good relationship with her,

morate da imate dobar odnos sa njom,

but she cannot command your life.

ali ona ne može da komanduje vašim životom.

So, when the only woman in your life is your mother-in-law,

Kada je jedina žena u vašem životu tašta,

you have a problem. (Laughter)

onda imate problem. (Smeh)

So, all the ideas about how to transform through design --

Sve ideje o tome kako transformisati kroz dizajn -

old quarries and open universities and botanic garden --

stare kamenolome i otvorene univerzitete i botaničke bašte -

all of it's related to how we teach the children.

sve to je povezano sa tim kako učimo decu.

And the children, we teach during six months how to separate their garbage.

Decu učimo tokom šest meseci kako da odvajaju svoje đubre.

And after, the children teach their parents.

I posle, deca uče svoje roditelje.

And now we have 70 percent --

I sada imamo 70 procenata -

since 20 years, it's the highest rate of separation of garbage in the world.

za 20 godina, to je najveća stopa rasta odvajanja đubreta u svetu.

Seven zero.

Sedam, nula.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

So teach the children.

Znači, učite decu.

I would like to say, if we want to have a sustainable world

Hteo bih da kažem da, ako hoćemo da imamo održiv svet

we have to work with everything what's said,

moramo da radimo sa svim što je rečeno,

but don't forget the cities and the children.

ali ne zaboravite gradove i decu.

I'm working in a museum and also a multi-use city,

Ja radim u muzeju i takođe višestruko koristim grad

because you cannot have empty places during 18 hours a day.

jer ne možete imati prazna mesta 18 sati dnevno.

You should have always

Uvek treba da imate

a structure of living and working together.

zajedničku strukturu življenja i rada.

Try to understand the sectors in the city

Probajte da zamislite sektore u gradu

that could play different roles during the 24 hours.

koji mogu da igraju različite uloge tokom 24 sata.

Another issue is, a city's like our family portrait.

Još jedno pitanje je, grad je kao naš porodični portret.

We don't rip our family portrait,

Mi ne cepamo naš porodični portret,

even if we don't like the nose of our uncle,

čak i ako nam se ne sviđa nos našeg ujaka

because this portrait is you.

jer ovaj portret ste vi.

And these are the references that we have in any city.

Ovo su reference koje imamo u svakom gradu.

This is the main pedestrian mall;

Ovo je glavni tržni centar u pešačkoj zoni;

we did it in 72 hours. Yes, you have to be fast.

napravili smo ga za 72 sata. Da, morate biti brzi.

And these are the references from our ethnic contribution.

Ovo su reference iz našeg etničkog doprinosa.

This is the Italian portal,

Ovo je italijanski portal,

the Ukrainian park, the Polish park, the Japanese square, the German park.

ukrajinski park, poljski park, japanski trg, nemački park.

All of a sudden, the Soviet Union, they split.

Odjednom, Sovjetski Savez, razdvajaju se.

And since we have people from

I pošto imamo ljude iz

Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, [unclear],

Uzbekistana, Kazahstana, Tadžikistana, [nejasno],

we have to stop the program.

moramo da zaustavimo program.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Don't forget: creativity starts when you cut a zero from your budget.

Ne zaboravite: kreativnost počinje kada odbijete nulu sa vašeg budžeta.

If you cut two zeros, it's much better.

Ako odbijete dve nule, mnogo je bolje.

And this is the Wire Opera theater. We did it in two months.

Ovo je Vajr Opera teatar. Uradili smo je za dva meseca.

Parks -- old quarries that they were transformed into parks.

Parkovi - stari kamenolomi koji su transformisani u parkove.

Quarries once made the nature, and

Kamenolomi su nekada činili prirodu

sometimes we took this and we transformed.

i ponekad uzmemo ovo i transformišemo.

And every part can be transformed;

Svaki deo se može transformisati;

every frog can be transformed in a prince.

svaka žaba može da se transformiše u princa.

So, in a city, you have to work fast.

U gradu, morate da radite brzo.

Planning takes time. And I'm proposing urban acupuncture.

Planiranje traje. I ja predlažem urbanu akupunkturu.

That means me, with some focal ideas to help the normal process of planning.

To znači ja, sa nekim fokusnim idejama za poboljšanje normalnog procesa planiranja.

And this is an acupuncture note --

Ovo je akupunkturna tačka -

or I.M. Pei's. Some small ones

ili I.M Pei. Neke manje

can make the city better.

mogu da učine grad boljim.

The smallest park in New York, the most beautiful:

Najmanji park u Njujorku, najlepši:

32 meters.

32 metra.

So, I want just to end saying

I želim samo da završim tako što ću reći

that you can always propose new materials -- new sustainable materials --

da možete uvek da predložite nove materijale - nove održive materijale -

but keep in mind that we have to work fast

ali imajte na umu da moramo da radimo brzo

to the end, because we don't have the whole time to plan.

do kraja, jer nemamo svo vreme za planiranje.

And I think creativity, innovation is starting.

I mislim da kreativnost, inovacija, počinje.

And we cannot have all the answers.

I ne možemo imati sve odgovore.

So when you start --

Zato kad počnete -

and we cannot be so prepotent on having all the answers --

i ne možemo biti prepotentni u vezi s tim da imamo sve odgovore -

it's important starting and having the contribution from people,

važno je početi i imati doprinos od ljudi

and they could teach you

i oni bi mogli da vas nauče

if you're not in the right track.

ako niste na pravom putu.

At the end, I would like if you can help me to sing the sustainable song.

Na kraju, voleo bih da mi pomognete da otpevam održivu pesmu.

OK?

Ok?

Please, allow me just two minutes.

Molim vas, dozvolite mi samo dva minuta.

You're going to make the music and the rhythm.

Vi ćete praviti muziku i ritam.

♫ Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! ♫

♫ Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! ♫

♫ Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! ♫

♫ Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! Tunči-tu! ♫

♫ It's possible! It's possible! You can do it! You can do it! ♫

♫ Moguće je! Moguće je! Ti to možeš! Ti to možeš! ♫

♫ Use less your car! Make this decision! ♫

♫ Manje koristi automobil! Odluči! ♫

♫ Avoid carbon emission! It's possible! It's possible! ♫

♫ Izbegavaj ispuštanje ugljenika! Moguće je! Moguće je! ♫

♫ You can do it! You can do it! ♫

♫ Ti to možeš! Ti to možeš! ♫

♫ Live closer to work! ♫

♫ Živi bliže poslu! ♫

♫ Work closer to home! Save energy in your home! ♫

♫ Radi bliže kući! Štedi energiju u kući! ♫

♫ It's possible! It's possible! You can do it! ♫

♫ Moguće je! Moguće je! Ti to možeš! Ti to možeš! ♫

♫ You can do it! Separate your garbage! ♫

♫ Ti to možeš! Odvajaj đubre! ♫

♫ Organic, schmorganic! Save more! Waste less! It's possible! ♫

♫ Organsko, šmorgansko! Čuvaj više! Troši manje! Moguće je! ♫

♫ You can do it! Please, do it now! ♫

♫ Ti to možeš! Molim te, uradi to sada! ♫

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)