Jaime Lerner: Sing a song of sustainable cities

62,273 views ใƒป 2008-02-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Asaf Dajczman ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Shlomo Adam
ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
00:19
I hope you'll understand my English.
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00:21
In the mornings it is terrible, and the afternoon is worst.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ืช, ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืขื”.
00:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:30
During many years, I made some speeches starting with this
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืขื ื”ืคืชื’ื ื”ื–ื”:
00:35
saying: "City is not a problem, it's a solution."
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"ืขื™ืจ ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืœื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ".
00:40
And more and more, I'm convinced that
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉื–ื”ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
00:46
it's not only a solution for a country,
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00:50
but it's a solution for the problem of climate change.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
00:55
But we have a very pessimistic approach about the cities.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืื“ ืคืกื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืจื™ื.
01:02
I'm working in cities for almost 40 years,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ 40 ืฉื ื”,
ื•ื›ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™, "ืื•ื™, ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื“ื™,"
01:06
and where every mayor is trying to tell me his city is so big,
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01:13
or the other mayors say, "We don't have financial resources,"
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ืื• ืจืืฉื™ ืขืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื,"
01:19
I would like to say
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื ืกื™ื•ื ื™, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:22
from the experience I had: every city in the world
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01:26
can be improved in less than three years.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
01:34
There's no matter of scale. It's not a question of scale,
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ. ื–ืืช ืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื”,
01:38
it's not a question of financial resources.
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ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื.
01:41
Every problem in a city has to have its own equation of co-responsibility
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ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืžืฉืœื”
01:48
and also a design.
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ื•ื’ื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
01:51
So to start, I want to introduce some characters
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ืื– ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช
ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
01:57
from a book I made for teenagers.
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02:00
The best example of quality of life is the turtle
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘,
02:06
because the turtle is an example of living and working together.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:13
And when you realize that the casque of the turtle
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘
02:18
looks like an urban tessitura,
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ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจืš ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™,
02:23
and can we imagine, if we cut the casque of the turtle, how sad she's going to be?
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ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืฆื‘ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ ืื ื ืกื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื ื•,
ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•:
02:32
And that's what we're doing in our cities:
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02:34
living here, working here, having leisure here.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืืŸ, ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
02:37
And most of the people are leaving the city
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
02:41
and living outside of the city.
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ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ.
02:44
So, the other character is Otto, the automobile.
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ื“ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื "ืื•ื˜ื•", ื”ืื•ื˜ื•.
02:50
He is invited for a party -- he never wants to leave.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื–ืžืŸ ืœืžืกื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:55
The chairs are on the tables and still drinking,
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ื”ื›ืกืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืชื”,
ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
03:00
and he drinks a lot. (Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:02
And he coughs a lot. Very egotistical:
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื”. ืื’ื•ืื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžืื“:
03:06
he carries only one or two people
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืกื™ืข ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
03:09
and he asks always for more infrastructure.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช,
03:16
Freeways.
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ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื.
03:18
He's a very demanding person.
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ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ ืžืื“.
03:21
And on the other hand, Accordion, the friendly bus,
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ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืฉื ื• ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™,
03:25
he carries 300 people --
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืืช 300 ืื™ืฉ --
03:28
275 in Sweden; 300 Brazilians. (Laughter)
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275 ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื ื•-300 ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:39
Speaking about the design: every city has its own design.
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ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ: ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”.
03:44
Curitiba, my city: three million in the metropolitan area,
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ืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื™: ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืจื‘ืชื™,
03:48
1,800,000 people in the city itself.
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1,800,000 ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืขืฆืžื”.
03:53
Curitiba, Rio: it's like two birds kissing themselves.
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ืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืจื™ื•: ื›ืžื• ื–ื•ื’ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื ืฉืงื•ืช.
03:56
Oaxaca, San Francisco -- it's very easy:
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ืื•ืื—ืงื”, ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• -- ื–ื” ืงืœ ืžืื“.
03:59
Market Street, Van Ness and the waterfront.
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ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืžืจืงื˜, ื•ืืŸ ื ืก ื•ืงื• ื”ืžื™ื.
04:02
And every city has its own design.
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ืœื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”.
04:06
But to make it happen, sometimes you have to propose a scenario
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืฉ ื–ืืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ.
04:10
and to propose a design --
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
04:13
an idea that everyone, or the large majority,
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื, ืื• ื”ืจื•ื‘
04:16
will help you to make it happen.
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ื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืš ืœืžืžืฉ.
04:19
And that's the structure of the city of Curitiba.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
04:24
And it's an example of living and working together.
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ื•ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
04:29
And this is where we have more density;
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช
ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
04:34
it's where we have more public transport.
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04:37
So, this system started in '74. We started with 25,000 passengers a day,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 74'.
ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื 25,000 ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื,
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืจืชืช 2,200,000 ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื.
04:45
now it's 2,200,000 passengers a day.
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04:48
And it took 25 years until another city ...
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ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื• 25 ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืขื™ืจ ื ื•ืกืคืช,
04:52
which is Bogota, and they did a very good job.
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ื‘ื•ื’ื•ื˜ื”, (ืื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื”), ื•ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
04:57
And now there's 83 cities all over the world that they
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉื ืŸ 83 ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื‘ื™-ืืจ-ื˜ื™
05:02
are doing what they call the BRT of Curitiba.
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ืฉืœ ืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื”.
05:06
And one thing: it's important not for only your own city;
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ: ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืจืง ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉืœื›ื.
ืœื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช,
05:13
every city, besides its normal problems,
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05:17
they have a very important role
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ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“
05:20
in being with the whole humanity.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื”.
05:23
That means mostly two main issues --
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื“"ื› ืœืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื:
05:28
mobility and sustainability -- are becoming very important for the cities.
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ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
05:33
And this is an articulated bus, double-articulated.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืžื™ืคืจืงื™. ื“ื•-ืžื™ืคืจืงื™.
05:38
And we are very close to my house.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™.
05:41
You can come when you are in Curitiba and have a coffee there.
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ื›ืฉืชื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื›ื•ืก ืงืคื”.
05:46
And that's the evolution of the system.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
05:48
What in the design that made the difference
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช
05:52
is the boarding tubes:
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ื”ื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
05:54
the boarding tube gives to the bus the same performance as a subway.
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ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
05:59
That's why, I'm trying to say,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ... ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื
06:04
it's like metro-nizing the bus.
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ืฉื–ื• "ืžื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื–ืฆื™ื”" ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
06:06
This is the design of the bus,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
06:12
and you can pay before entering the bus you're boarding.
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ื”ื ื•ืกืข ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื ืœืคื ื™ ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืœืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
06:15
And for handicapped, they can use this as a normal system.
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ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
06:23
What I'm trying to say is
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ,
06:26
the major contribution on carbon emissions are from the cars --
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ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ --
06:32
more than 50 percent -- so when we depend only on cars, it's ...
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ืžืขืœ ืœ-50%. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ --
06:41
-- that's why when we're talking about sustainability,
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช,
06:45
it's not enough, green buildings.
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ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”,
06:48
It's not enough, a new materials.
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ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
06:51
It's not enough, new sources of energy.
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ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
06:54
It's the concept of the city, the design of the city,
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช. ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
06:58
that's also important, too. And also, how to teach the children.
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ื’ื ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
ื•ื’ื ืื™ืš ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
07:09
I'll speak on this later on.
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ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš.
07:14
Our idea of mobility is trying
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช
07:17
to make the connections between all the systems.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช.
07:20
We started in '83, proposing for the city of Rio
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 83' ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืจื™ื•
07:25
how to connect the subway with the bus.
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ืขื ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืขื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
07:28
The subway was against, of course.
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
07:31
And 23 years after, they called us to develop -- we're developing this idea.
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ 23 ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืœื ื• ืœืคืชื— -- ืื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
07:37
And you can understand how different it's going to be,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื“,
07:41
the image of Rio with the system --
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจื™ื• ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
07:44
one-minute frequency.
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ืขื ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืงื”.
07:48
And it's not Shanghai,
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ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื—ืื™,
07:50
it's not being colored during the day, only at night
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ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ืœื”
07:54
it will look this way.
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ื”ื™ื ืชืจืื” ื›ืš.
07:57
And before you say it's a Norman Foster design,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืืžืจื• ืฉื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืžืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜ืจ,
08:02
we designed this in '83.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 83'.
ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื• ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืคืขืœ.
08:07
And this is the model,
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08:08
how it's going to work. So, it's the same system;
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ื–ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช;
08:13
the vehicle is different. And that's the model.
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ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ.
08:20
What I'm trying to say is, I'm not trying
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—
08:23
to prove which system of transport is better.
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:29
I'm trying to say we have to combine
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ืืœื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืื—ื“:
08:32
all the systems, and with one condition:
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08:37
never -- if you have a subway, if you have surface systems,
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ืืฃ ืคืขื -- ืื ื™ืฉ ืจื›ื‘ืช ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœื™ืช,
08:43
if you have any kind of system --
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื–ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช --
08:46
never compete in the same space.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืจื—ื‘.
08:51
And coming back to the car, I always used to say
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ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช: ืชืžื™ื“ ืืžืจืชื™,
08:58
that the car is like your mother-in-law:
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ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื•ืชื ืช:
09:03
you have to have good relationship with her,
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
09:06
but she cannot command your life.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืœืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
09:11
So, when the only woman in your life is your mother-in-law,
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ืื– ืื ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืชื ืช,
09:21
you have a problem. (Laughter)
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืขื™ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:25
So, all the ideas about how to transform through design --
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ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™-ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ --
09:32
old quarries and open universities and botanic garden --
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ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ื™ื --
09:39
all of it's related to how we teach the children.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื—ื ืš ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
09:47
And the children, we teach during six months how to separate their garbage.
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ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ืืฉืคื”,
09:51
And after, the children teach their parents.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
09:56
And now we have 70 percent --
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ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ื‘-70% ื”ืคืจื“ื” --
09:59
since 20 years, it's the highest rate of separation of garbage in the world.
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ืžื–ื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืื—ื•ื– ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ืืฉืคื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
10:05
Seven zero.
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ื.
10:07
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:12
So teach the children.
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ืื– ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
10:15
I would like to say, if we want to have a sustainable world
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื,
10:21
we have to work with everything what's said,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื›ืืŸ.
10:25
but don't forget the cities and the children.
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ืืš ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืขืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
10:30
I'm working in a museum and also a multi-use city,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืจ ืจื‘-ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช,
10:34
because you cannot have empty places during 18 hours a day.
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ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื™ืงื™ื 18 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”.
10:39
You should have always
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืžื™ื“
10:42
a structure of living and working together.
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ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื’ื ื™ื—ื“.
10:46
Try to understand the sectors in the city
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ื ืกื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
10:49
that could play different roles during the 24 hours.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ืžืžื”.
10:55
Another issue is, a city's like our family portrait.
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ื ื•ืฉื ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช.
10:59
We don't rip our family portrait,
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ืœื ื ืงืจืข ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช,
11:02
even if we don't like the nose of our uncle,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:07
because this portrait is you.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
11:10
And these are the references that we have in any city.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ืจ:
11:16
This is the main pedestrian mall;
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™;
11:19
we did it in 72 hours. Yes, you have to be fast.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘-72 ืฉืขื•ืช. ื›ืŸ, ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช.
11:24
And these are the references from our ethnic contribution.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืจืžื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ืืชื ื™ื•ืช.
11:30
This is the Italian portal,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉืขืจ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™,
11:32
the Ukrainian park, the Polish park, the Japanese square, the German park.
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ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™, ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืคื•ืœื ื™, ื”ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช, ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™.
11:39
All of a sudden, the Soviet Union, they split.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืชืคืฆืœ ืœืคืชืข.
11:43
And since we have people from
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื
11:45
Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, [unclear],
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ืžืื•ื–ื‘ืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ, ืงื–ื—ืกื˜ืืŸ, ื˜ื’'ื™ืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ, ืื•ืจื‘ืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ
11:49
we have to stop the program.
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ื ืืœืฆื ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
11:51
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:53
Don't forget: creativity starts when you cut a zero from your budget.
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ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื•: ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืฉืžื•ื—ืงื™ื ืืคืก ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:02
If you cut two zeros, it's much better.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ - ืฉื ื™ ืืคืกื™ื.
12:07
And this is the Wire Opera theater. We did it in two months.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื” ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืœื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื.
12:14
Parks -- old quarries that they were transformed into parks.
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ืคืืจืงื™ื -- ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืคืืจืงื™ื.
12:18
Quarries once made the nature, and
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ืžื—ืฆื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื ื ื˜ืฉื• ืœื—ืกื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
12:23
sometimes we took this and we transformed.
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชืŸ.
12:27
And every part can be transformed;
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง --
12:32
every frog can be transformed in a prince.
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ื›ืœ ืฆืคืจื“ืข ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื ืกื™ืš.
12:38
So, in a city, you have to work fast.
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ืจืง ืฉื‘ืขื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื”ืจ.
12:42
Planning takes time. And I'm proposing urban acupuncture.
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ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื–ืžืŸ. ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™.
12:48
That means me, with some focal ideas to help the normal process of planning.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.
12:56
And this is an acupuncture note --
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” --
12:59
or I.M. Pei's. Some small ones
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ืื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืื™-ืื-ืคื™ื™. ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช --
13:06
can make the city better.
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ.
13:09
The smallest park in New York, the most beautiful:
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
13:14
32 meters.
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ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื”ื•ื 32 ืžื˜ืจ.
ืื– ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ
13:17
So, I want just to end saying
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13:20
that you can always propose new materials -- new sustainable materials --
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื --
13:27
but keep in mind that we have to work fast
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื”ืจ
13:31
to the end, because we don't have the whole time to plan.
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
13:41
And I think creativity, innovation is starting.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
13:47
And we cannot have all the answers.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
13:52
So when you start --
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ืื– ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš --
13:55
and we cannot be so prepotent on having all the answers --
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช --
14:00
it's important starting and having the contribution from people,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื,
14:05
and they could teach you
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชืš
14:08
if you're not in the right track.
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ืื ืื™ื ืš ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
14:11
At the end, I would like if you can help me to sing the sustainable song.
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ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœืฉื™ืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืืช ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
14:19
OK?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
14:22
Please, allow me just two minutes.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช.
14:25
You're going to make the music and the rhythm.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘.
14:31
โ™ซ Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! โ™ซ
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(ืงืฆื‘)
14:35
โ™ซ Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! Toonchi-too! โ™ซ
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(ืงืฆื‘)
14:38
โ™ซ It's possible! It's possible! You can do it! You can do it! โ™ซ
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ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™! ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™! ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ! ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ!
14:42
โ™ซ Use less your car! Make this decision! โ™ซ
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘! ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”!
14:45
โ™ซ Avoid carbon emission! It's possible! It's possible! โ™ซ
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ื”ืžื ืขื• ืžืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ! ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™! ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™!
14:50
โ™ซ You can do it! You can do it! โ™ซ
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ! ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ!
14:52
โ™ซ Live closer to work! โ™ซ
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ืชื’ื•ืจื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”!
14:56
โ™ซ Work closer to home! Save energy in your home! โ™ซ
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ืชืขื‘ื“ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช! ื—ื™ืกื›ื• ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช!
15:04
โ™ซ It's possible! It's possible! You can do it! โ™ซ
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ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™! ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™! ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ!
15:07
โ™ซ You can do it! Separate your garbage! โ™ซ
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ! ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืืฉืคื”!
15:11
โ™ซ Organic, schmorganic! Save more! Waste less! It's possible! โ™ซ
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ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ืฉืžื•ืจื’ื ื™! ื—ื™ืกื›ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ! ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื• ืคื—ื•ืช! ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™!
15:17
โ™ซ You can do it! Please, do it now! โ™ซ
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ! ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•!
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืขื•ืช)
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
15:25
Thank you.
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
15:27
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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