Ink made of air pollution | Anirudh Sharma

Translator: Maricene Crus Reviewer: Cihan Ekmekçi

Prevodilac: Darija Stojanović Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

Every year, more than four to five million people die

Svake godine, između četiri i pet miliona ljudi umre

due to exposure to outdoor air pollution

usled izloženosti zagađenom vazduhu

around the world.

u celom svetu.

This petri dish that you are looking at

Ova Petrijeva šolja koju trenutno vidite

contains approximately 20 minutes' worth of pollution

sadrži dvedesetominutno zagađenje iz vazduha

captured off a pyrolysis plant.

iz postrojenja za pirolizu.

This is PM 2.5.

Ovo je PM 2,5.

These particles -- you can see it right now,

Ove čestice sada možete da vidite,

but when they're out there in the air, you won't see them.

ali kada su u vazduhu, nevidljive su.

These are so tiny that our lungs --

Toliko su sitne da naša pluća

our bodies cannot filter them, and they end up in our bodies --

ne mogu da ih filtriraju, i one završavaju u našim telima,

give us asthma and lung cancer if not treated in the right time.

pa tako dobijamo astmu ili rak pluća ukoliko se ne lečimo na vreme.

On a trip back to India, when I was a student in 2012,

Na putovanju u Indiji 2012. godine, kada sam još bio student,

I took this picture.

uslikao sam ovo.

This picture stuck in my head.

Ovu sliku nikada nisam zaboravio.

On one side, you see this exhaust of a diesel generator,

Sa jedne strane vidite izduvni gas dizel-motora,

the same generator which is a sign of human progress,

istоg motora koji je obeležio ljudski napredak,

which is a sign of rapid industrialization

koji je znak ubrzane industrijalizacije

and what we have become as a society in the last 100 years,

i onoga što smo postali kao društvo u poslednjih 100 godina,

generating energy.

proizvođači energije.

But on the other side,

Ali sa druge strane,

you see this very interesting triangular, black-colored swatch,

vidite ovaj zanimljivi trouglasti crni uzorak,

that is produced by the same residual particulate waste

nastao od istih otpadnih čestica,

created by the emissions of the generator.

koje su stvorile emisije motora.

Now, this picture gave me an idea

Ova slika me je inspirisala

and got me thinking about rethinking both pollution and inks,

i naterala da ponovo razmislim o zagađenju i mastilu,

because it was making that black-colored mark.

jer je stvarala te crne fleke.

Now, the reality is that most of the black ink that we use conventionally

Ali, u stvarnosti, većina mastila koje koristimo

is traditionally produced

se obično proizvodi

by conventionally burning fossil fuels in factories.

konvencionalnim sagorevanjem fosilnih goriva u fabrikama.

There are factories around the world that are burning fossil fuels

Po celom svetu postoje fabrike koje sagorevaju fosilna goriva

to produce carbon black,

radi stvaranja čađi

od koje se pravi crno mastilo za svakodnevnu upotrebu.

to make black inks that we use on an everyday basis.

But given that millions of liters of fossil fuels

Ali imajući u vidu da se milioni litara fosilnih goriva već sagorevaju

are already being burned out there

by our cars, our engines and our exhaust out there,

iz naših automobila, motora i auspuha,

what if you could capture that pollution

šta ako bismo mogli da uhvatimo tu zagađenost

and use it to recycle and make those inks?

i da je recikliramo kako bismo napravili mastilo?

I decided to give this experiment a shot.

Probao sam da ispitam ovu teoriju.

I went back to my lab back in Boston and conducted a small experiment.

Otišao sam u svoju kancelariju u Bostonu i sproveo mali eksperiment.

In Boston, I couldn't find much pollution to play with,

U Bostonu nisam našao zagađenje da se igram,

pa sam stoga koristio sveću.

so I resorted to using a candle.

This was an experiment.

U ovome se sastojao eksperiment.

I burnt a candle,

Izgoreo sam sveću,

built this contraption that would suck in that candle soot,

stvorio ovu čudnu mašinu koja je usisavala čađ iz sveće,

mixed it with some vegetable oil and vodka,

izmešao ga sa biljnim uljem i vodkom,

because to a DIY hacker, these were really easily available.

jer su za hakera „uradi sam“ ove stvari vrlo lako dostupne.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And after mixing them,

Nakon što sam ih pomešao,

you could churn out a very rudimentary form of ink

dobio sam osnovni oblik mastila

that would go into a cartridge,

koji sam stavio u ketridž

and now you could print with it.

i koristio za štampanje.

This was my "Hello, World!" of experimenting

Ovo je bio moj prvi eksperiment

with printing with pollution.

štampanja zagađenjem.

This is the same pollution that I showed you in the petri dish,

Ovo je isto zagađenje koje sam vam pokazao u Petrijevoj šolji

which is the result of any fossil fuel that is being burned out there.

koje nastaje kao rezultat bilo kog sagorenog fosilnog goriva.

In 2015, I decided to take this experimentation forward

Odlučio sam da 2015. godine nastavim sa ovim eksperimentom

and set up a lab in India

i osnovao sam laboratoriju u Indiji

to work on the capture and recycling of air pollution.

za rad na hvatanju i recikliranju vazdušnog zagađenja.

In the good times, the lab used to look something like this.

U dobrim vremenima, laboratorija je izgledala ovako.

But experimentations were not always controlled,

Ali eksperimenti su nekada izmicali kontroli

and disasters happened.

i desile bi se katastrofe.

And while experimentation would happen,

Za vreme trajanja eksperimenata,

the lab would end up looking something like this.

laboratorija bi na kraju izgledala ovako.

Well, we knew where we wanted to go,

Pa, znali smo kuda želimo da idemo,

but we were not sure how exactly to reach there.

ali nismo bili sigurni kako da tamo stignemo.

The passersby who used to go by that lab through that building

Prolaznici koji bi slučajno prolazili pored naše laboratorije

used to, at times, think, "These guys are making bombs in there,"

s vremena na vreme bi pomislili: „Ovi ljudi ovde prave bombe,“

because there was too much fire, wires and smoke in the same vicinity.

zbog toga što je bilo previše vatre, žice i dima u istom prostoru.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

We decided, let's move to a garage and take experiments forward.

Odlučili smo da eksperimente preselimo u garažu.

Obezbedili smo garažu, i u početku

We took a garage, and during the early stages,

smo se vozili po Bangaloru sa ovim čudnim napravama.

we were driving around Bangalore with contraptions like these.

This is an early-stage prototype.

Ovo je prototip iz početne faze.

Imagine the looks people gave us,

Zamislite poglede tih ljudi: „Šta rade ovi ljudi vozeći ova kola?“

"What are these cars driving around doing?"

Ovo je prototip našeg početnog sistema koji hvata zagađenje

This is an early-stage prototype of our system that would capture pollution

that is being released from a conventional diesel-based car.

koje dolazi iz konvencionalnih dizel-automobila.

This is an early stage of the technology.

Ovo je početna faza naše tehnologije.

We advanced the technology and created this into this version

Napredovali smo i stvorili ovu verziju

that would capture pollution from static sources of pollution,

koja hvata zagađenje iz statičkih izvora kao što je dizel-motor.

like a diesel generator.

If you see, all the fumes disappear as soon as you turn this machine on.

Ako vidite, sav dim nestaje čim se mašina uključi.

Without affecting the performance of the engine,

Bez ikakvog uticaja na rad motora,

we are able to capture 95 percent worth of pollution

možemo da uhvatimo 95% zagađenja

released from the diesel generator.

iz dizel-motora.

This is the particulate matter that we are talking about that we capture,

Ovo je čestična materija o kojoj govorimo i koju hvatamo,

in this case, within three to four hours of operation of a generator.

u ovom slučaju, za tri do četiri časa rada generatora.

And while our experiments and our research was advancing,

I kako su naši eksperimenti i istraživanje napredovali,

a very big company, a very big brand, approached us and said,

veoma velika kompanija, velika marka, nam se obratila, rekavši:

"We want to take this idea further with you guys,

„Želimo da dalje razvijamo ovu ideju sa vama,

and take this further in a very big celebrated form."

i dovedemo je do vrhunca.“

Rekli su: „Hajde da napravimo globalnu umetničku kampanju

They said, "Let's do a global art campaign

with the inks that you are making off this pollution."

sa mastilom koje pravite od ovog zagađenja.“

I'll show you what the ink looks like.

Pokazaću vam kako izgleda mastilo.

So, this pen is made by recycling 40 to 50 minutes of that car pollution

Ovu olovku smo napravili reciklažom

tih zagađivača iz automobila tokom 40 do 50 minuta,

that we are talking about,

istog zagađenja kao iz Petrijeve šolje.

the same pollution that is in the petri dish.

To je veoma oštra crna boja kojom možete pisati.

And it's a very sharp black that you can write with.

So I'm going to write ...

Stoga ću napisati...

PM 2.5, that's incorrect.

PM 2,5, netačno.

So this is a very sharp black that is generated by the same pollution.

Ovo je vrlo oštra crna boja stvorena iz istog zagađenja.

After much work on the lab-level research,

Nakon mnogo rada u laboratoriji,

we got an offer from a big corporation to do a very big trial of this idea.

dobili smo ponudu velike korporacije za isprobavanje ove ideje.

And it happened to be a brand, and we didn't think twice.

Desilo se da je u pitanju bila marka, i nismo oklevali.

We said, "Let's go ahead."

Rekli smo: „Idemo!“

Inventing in the lab is one thing

Pronalaženje u laboratoriji je jedno,

and taking ideas and deploying them in the real world is completely another.

a pretvaranje ideje u stvarnost je nešto sasvim drugo.

During early stages,

Na početku,

we had to resort to using our own houses and own kitchens

morali smo da koristimo naše domove i kuhinje

as our ink-making factories,

kao fabrike mastila,

and our own bedrooms and living rooms

a naše spavaće i dnevne sobe

as the first assembly line for making these inks.

kao montažnu traku za pravljenje mastila.

This is my cofounder Nikhil's own bedroom,

Ovo je spavaća soba suosnivača Nikhila,

that is being used to supply inks to artists all around the world,

koju koristimo za snabdevanje umetnika koji bi slikali ovim mastilom

who would paint with AIR-INK.

po celom svetu.

And that's him, delivering AIR-INKs to the ports

A ovo je on, isporučuje mastilo lukama

so that the artists around the world can use it.

kako bi ono stiglo do umetnika širom sveta.

Soon, we started seeing

Ubrzo smo počeli sretati

that thousands of artists around the world started using AIR-INK,

hiljade umetnika širom sveta koji koriste vazdušno mastilo,

and artworks started emerging like this.

i nastajala su umetnička dela.

Soon, thousands of black-and-white, pollution-made artworks

Ubrzo, hiljade crno-belih dela napravljenih od zagađenja

started emerging on a global scale.

se pojavilo na globalnom nivou.

And believe me, for a group of scientists and engineers and inventors,

A verujte mi, za grupu naučnika, inženjera i pronalazača,

there was nothing more satisfying than that the product of their work

nema ničeg boljeg nego da proizvod njihovog rada

is now being used by some of the finest artists around the world.

koriste neki od najuticajnijih umetnika širom sveta.

This is the cover of "Contagious" magazine last year,

Ovo je prošlogodišnja naslovnica časopisa „Contagious“

that was done by using the same ink that we made back in our labs.

koja je urađena od mastila iz naše laboratorije.

This is a famous painting by the British artist, Christian Furr,

Ovo je poznata slika britanskog umetnika, Kristijana Fura,

who painted it for the song "Paint It Black" by The Rolling Stones.

koju je naslikao za pesmu „Paint It Black“ od Roling stounsa.

Now, there's more to this pen and this ink

Ovo mastilo i ova olovka su više

than just the popular and pop-culture artworks.

od popularnih dela iz pop kulture.

And now our goal is to create a company

Sada je naš cilj osnivanje kompanije

that can actually make some black money -- I mean, just money --

koja bi pravila crni novac - mislim, samo novac -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

and high-quality printing processes and inks

i kvalitetna mastila i procese štampanja

that can replace the conventional black inks

koji bi zamenili konvencionalna crna mastila

that have been produced for the last thousands of years around the world.

koja koristimo u svetu već hiljadama godina.

Soon after our growing popularity and artworks around the world,

Ubrzo nakon što je naša popularnost u svetu počela da raste,

we started facing a very different kind of a problem.

počeli smo se suočavati sa novom vrstom problema.

We started getting spammed by polluters,

Počeli smo dobijati neočekivanu poštu od zagađivača,

who would send us bags full of pollution to our office address,

koji bi nam slali pune džakove zagađenja na našu adresu,

asking us, "What can we do with this pollution?"

i pitali: „Šta možemo uraditi sa ovim zagađenjem?“

Our lab back in Bombay right now has pollution samples

U laboratoriji u Bombaju trenutno imamo uzorke zagađenja

that have come from London, from India, from China, you name it.

iz Londona, Indije, Kine, itd.

And this is just the beginning.

A ovo je samo početak.

This polluter sent us this specific image, asking us

Ovaj zagađivač nam je poslao ovu sliku i kazao nam

that these are all bags filled with PM 2.5,

da su ovo džakovi puni čestica PM 2,5,

and can we recycle it for him if we paid him some money.

i da ih možemo reciklirati ukoliko mu platimo.

Well, what would he have done if we did not take that pollution?

A šta bi on uradio da nismo uzeli te džakove?

He would probably find a nearby river or a landfill and dump it over there.

Verovatno bi ih bacio u obližnju reku ili deponiju.

But now, because we had the economics of AIR-INK figured out on the other side,

Ali sada kada imamo razrađenu ekonomiju vazdušnog mastila,

we could incentivize him to give us this pollution and make inks from it,

podstakli smo ga da nam preda to zagađenje i da od njega napravimo mastilo,

and turn it into even more valuable products.

i da ga pretvorimo u vredniji proizvod.

Now, pollution, as we all know, is a global killer.

Zagađenje je, kao što znamo, globalni ubica.

We can't claim that our ink will solve the world's pollution problem.

Ne možemo tvrditi da će naše mastilo rešiti problem zagađenja u svetu.

But it does show what can be done

Ali pokazuje šta se može uraditi

if you look at this problem slightly differently.

ukoliko se ovaj problem posmatra malo drugačije.

Look at this T-shirt I'm holding right now.

Pogledajte majicu koju trenutno držim.

This is made from the same AIR-INK I'm talking about.

Napravljena je od istog vazdušnog mastila o kome govorim.

It's made from the same pollution that is inside this petri dish.

Od istog zagađenja koje je u ovoj Petrijevoj šolji.

And the same pollution we are all breathing in when we are walking outdoors.

I to je isto zagađenje koje udišemo dok šetamo napolju.

And we are on our way to do better than this.

Ali stvari su krenule nabolje.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)