Ink made of air pollution | Anirudh Sharma

127,779 views ใƒป 2019-02-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Maricene Crus Reviewer: Cihan Ekmekรงi
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Lee Iseul ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Every year, more than four to five million people die
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งค๋…„ 500๋งŒ ๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด
00:15
due to exposure to outdoor air pollution
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์•ผ์™ธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
around the world.
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00:20
This petri dish that you are looking at
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ด ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘์‹œ ์•ˆ์—๋Š”
00:23
contains approximately 20 minutes' worth of pollution
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์—ด๋ถ„ํ•ด ์‹œ์„ค ๊ณต์žฅ์ด ์•ฝ 20๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”
00:26
captured off a pyrolysis plant.
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์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
This is PM 2.5.
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PM 2.5์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๋จผ์ง€ ์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
These particles -- you can see it right now,
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์ด ์ž…์ž๋“ค์€, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:33
but when they're out there in the air, you won't see them.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
These are so tiny that our lungs --
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:38
our bodies cannot filter them, and they end up in our bodies --
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ์—์„œ ๊ฑธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ , ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น˜๋ฉด
00:43
give us asthma and lung cancer if not treated in the right time.
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์ฒœ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ํ์•”์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
On a trip back to India, when I was a student in 2012,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋˜ 2012๋…„,
์ธ๋„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
I took this picture.
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00:51
This picture stuck in my head.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ์ง€์›Œ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
On one side, you see this exhaust of a diesel generator,
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๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋””์ ค ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
the same generator which is a sign of human progress,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
01:00
which is a sign of rapid industrialization
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๊ธ‰์† ์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ
01:03
and what we have become as a society in the last 100 years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 100์—ฌ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
01:06
generating energy.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
But on the other side,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”,
01:09
you see this very interesting triangular, black-colored swatch,
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๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฒ€์€ ์‚ผ๊ฐํ˜•์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
that is produced by the same residual particulate waste
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๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•œ
01:16
created by the emissions of the generator.
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์ž”๋ฅ˜ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด์ฃ .
01:20
Now, this picture gave me an idea
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
and got me thinking about rethinking both pollution and inks,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒ€์€ ํ”์ ์ด ๋‚จ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ณ ,
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ค์—ผ๊ณผ ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
because it was making that black-colored mark.
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01:29
Now, the reality is that most of the black ink that we use conventionally
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒ€์ •์ƒ‰ ์ž‰ํฌ๋Š”
01:33
is traditionally produced
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01:34
by conventionally burning fossil fuels in factories.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์›Œ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
There are factories around the world that are burning fossil fuels
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒ€์€ ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:41
to produce carbon black,
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01:43
to make black inks that we use on an everyday basis.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
But given that millions of liters of fossil fuels
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋Š”
01:49
are already being burned out there
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์ด๋ฏธ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์†Œ ์ค‘์ด์ฃ ,
01:51
by our cars, our engines and our exhaust out there,
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์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์—”์ง„๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์—์„œ์š”.
01:54
what if you could capture that pollution
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์„œ
01:57
and use it to recycle and make those inks?
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์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
02:00
I decided to give this experiment a shot.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
I went back to my lab back in Boston and conducted a small experiment.
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์€ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:07
In Boston, I couldn't find much pollution to play with,
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๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์—์„  ์‹คํ—˜์— ์“ธ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์–ด์š”.
02:10
so I resorted to using a candle.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–‘์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
This was an experiment.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
I burnt a candle,
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์–‘์ดˆ์— ๋ถˆ์„ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ ,
02:15
built this contraption that would suck in that candle soot,
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์–‘์ดˆ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒ€๋Œ•์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์—ฌ,
02:19
mixed it with some vegetable oil and vodka,
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์ฑ„์†Œ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋ณด๋“œ์นด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
because to a DIY hacker, these were really easily available.
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DIY ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
02:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:26
And after mixing them,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„ž์œผ๋ฉด,
02:27
you could churn out a very rudimentary form of ink
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ž‰ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ ,
02:30
that would go into a cartridge,
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์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ์ง€์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์„œ
02:32
and now you could print with it.
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์ธ์‡„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:34
This was my "Hello, World!" of experimenting
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜๋Š”
"์•ˆ๋…•, ์„ธ์ƒ์•„!"๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ ์‹คํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
with printing with pollution.
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02:41
This is the same pollution that I showed you in the petri dish,
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์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
02:44
which is the result of any fossil fuel that is being burned out there.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†Œํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
In 2015, I decided to take this experimentation forward
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2015๋…„์— ์ด ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•œ์ธต ๋” ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:52
and set up a lab in India
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์ธ๋„์— ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ์ฐจ๋ ธ๊ณ 
02:54
to work on the capture and recycling of air pollution.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์„œ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
In the good times, the lab used to look something like this.
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ด ์ด๋žฌ์ง€๋งŒ
03:00
But experimentations were not always controlled,
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์‹คํ—˜์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ์—,
03:02
and disasters happened.
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๋Œ€์ฐธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:04
And while experimentation would happen,
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
03:06
the lab would end up looking something like this.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ผด์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Well, we knew where we wanted to go,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ง€์ ์€ ์•Œ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:11
but we were not sure how exactly to reach there.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
The passersby who used to go by that lab through that building
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์ข…์ข… ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„์€
03:17
used to, at times, think, "These guys are making bombs in there,"
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"์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ํญํƒ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋‚˜ ๋ด" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
because there was too much fire, wires and smoke in the same vicinity.
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๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ „์„ ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ํ™”์žฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
03:25
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:27
We decided, let's move to a garage and take experiments forward.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์„ ์ฐจ๊ณ ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
We took a garage, and during the early stages,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š”
03:32
we were driving around Bangalore with contraptions like these.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ , ๋ฐฉ๊ฐˆ๋กœ๋ฅด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
This is an early-stage prototype.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์žฅ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
Imagine the looks people gave us,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ดค์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:38
"What are these cars driving around doing?"
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"์ด ์ฐจ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ?"
03:41
This is an early-stage prototype of our system that would capture pollution
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ๋””์ ค ์ž๋™์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”
03:44
that is being released from a conventional diesel-based car.
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์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
This is an early stage of the technology.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:50
We advanced the technology and created this into this version
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๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒ„์ „์˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ๋Š”
๋””์ ค ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:55
that would capture pollution from static sources of pollution,
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์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
like a diesel generator.
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03:59
If you see, all the fumes disappear as soon as you turn this machine on.
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ผœ์ž๋งˆ์ž ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Without affecting the performance of the engine,
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์—”์ง„์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
04:08
we are able to capture 95 percent worth of pollution
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๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜
04:11
released from the diesel generator.
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95%๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
This is the particulate matter that we are talking about that we capture,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์„ธ ์ž…์ž ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ
04:17
in this case, within three to four hours of operation of a generator.
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๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ฐ€๋™ ํ›„ 3~4์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด์ฃ .
04:22
And while our experiments and our research was advancing,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ „๋˜๋ฉฐ
04:26
a very big company, a very big brand, approached us and said,
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ํ•œ ์œ ๋ช… ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ์—์„œ
04:29
"We want to take this idea further with you guys,
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"๋‹น์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ
04:32
and take this further in a very big celebrated form."
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
They said, "Let's do a global art campaign
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
04:38
with the inks that you are making off this pollution."
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ์—ด์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
I'll show you what the ink looks like.
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๊ทธ ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:43
So, this pen is made by recycling 40 to 50 minutes of that car pollution
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์ด ํŽœ ์†์˜ ์ž‰ํฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์—์„œ 4~50๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜์˜จ
๋งค์—ฐ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
that we are talking about,
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04:51
the same pollution that is in the petri dish.
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ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด์ฃ .
04:53
And it's a very sharp black that you can write with.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ธ€์”จ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
So I'm going to write ...
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์”จ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
05:00
PM 2.5, that's incorrect.
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PM 2.5 ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
So this is a very sharp black that is generated by the same pollution.
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์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ด ์ž‰ํฌ๊ฐ€, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ณตํ•ด์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
After much work on the lab-level research,
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํ›„
05:10
we got an offer from a big corporation to do a very big trial of this idea.
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒํ’ˆํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
05:14
And it happened to be a brand, and we didn't think twice.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ๋„ ์—†์ด
05:17
We said, "Let's go ahead."
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"ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
Inventing in the lab is one thing
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
05:21
and taking ideas and deploying them in the real world is completely another.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ ์ „๊ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
During early stages,
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์ผ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—๋Š”
05:27
we had to resort to using our own houses and own kitchens
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๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์ง‘๊ณผ ๋ถ€์—Œ์— ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด
05:31
as our ink-making factories,
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์ž‰ํฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
05:33
and our own bedrooms and living rooms
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์นจ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์„
05:35
as the first assembly line for making these inks.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ž‰ํฌ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ค๋น„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
This is my cofounder Nikhil's own bedroom,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ๊ณต๋™์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ์ž ๋‹‰ํž์˜ ์นจ์‹ค๋กœ,
05:41
that is being used to supply inks to artists all around the world,
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์—์–ด ์ž‰ํฌ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:45
who would paint with AIR-INK.
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์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:46
And that's him, delivering AIR-INKs to the ports
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๋‹‰ํž์ด ์—์–ด ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
so that the artists around the world can use it.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:52
Soon, we started seeing
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๊ณง, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ช…์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
05:53
that thousands of artists around the world started using AIR-INK,
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์—์–ด ์ž‰ํฌ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„
05:56
and artworks started emerging like this.
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Soon, thousands of black-and-white, pollution-made artworks
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ํ‘๋ฐฑ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ
06:02
started emerging on a global scale.
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์žฌํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
And believe me, for a group of scientists and engineers and inventors,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด, ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„
06:08
there was nothing more satisfying than that the product of their work
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:11
is now being used by some of the finest artists around the world.
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๋”ํ•  ๋‚˜์œ„ ์—†์ด ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
This is the cover of "Contagious" magazine last year,
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"์ปจํ…Œ์ด์ ธ์Šค"๋ผ๋Š” ์žก์ง€์˜ ์ž‘๋…„ ์ปค๋ฒ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
that was done by using the same ink that we made back in our labs.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž‰ํฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:22
This is a famous painting by the British artist, Christian Furr,
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์˜๊ตญ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ์•ˆ ํผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฐ ์œ ๋ช… ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ,
06:25
who painted it for the song "Paint It Black" by The Rolling Stones.
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๋กค๋ง ์Šคํ†ค์Šค์˜ "ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ ์ž‡ ๋ธ”๋ž™"์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Now, there's more to this pen and this ink
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํŽœ๊ณผ ์ž‰ํฌ๋Š”
06:33
than just the popular and pop-culture artworks.
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๋Œ€์ค‘๋ฌธํ™” ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์œ ๋ช…์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
And now our goal is to create a company
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์ด์ œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
06:38
that can actually make some black money -- I mean, just money --
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๊ฒ€์€๋ˆ, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋“ค์ผ ์ค€๋น„๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:43
and high-quality printing processes and inks
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๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ธ์‡„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์ž‰ํฌ๋กœ
06:45
that can replace the conventional black inks
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋˜
06:48
that have been produced for the last thousands of years around the world.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์ ์ธ ์ž‰ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Soon after our growing popularity and artworks around the world,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„
06:56
we started facing a very different kind of a problem.
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๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฒช์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
We started getting spammed by polluters,
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๊ณตํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋กœ
07:02
who would send us bags full of pollution to our office address,
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์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
asking us, "What can we do with this pollution?"
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"์ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
07:08
Our lab back in Bombay right now has pollution samples
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๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์—” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜, ์ธ๋„, ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋“ฑ
07:11
that have come from London, from India, from China, you name it.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์˜จ ๊ณตํ•ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
And this is just the beginning.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
This polluter sent us this specific image, asking us
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์ด ๊ณตํ•ด ์œ ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
07:21
that these are all bags filled with PM 2.5,
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PM 2.5 ์ดˆ๋ฏธ์„ธ ๋จผ์ง€๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐฌ ์ž๋ฃจ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:24
and can we recycle it for him if we paid him some money.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฒจ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Well, what would he have done if we did not take that pollution?
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
07:32
He would probably find a nearby river or a landfill and dump it over there.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฐ•์ด๋‚˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์žฅ์— ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
But now, because we had the economics of AIR-INK figured out on the other side,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์—์–ด ์ž‰ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ฑ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:39
we could incentivize him to give us this pollution and make inks from it,
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์šฐ์„  ์ˆ˜์ต๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ 
07:45
and turn it into even more valuable products.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Now, pollution, as we all know, is a global killer.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ, ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
We can't claim that our ink will solve the world's pollution problem.
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์ด ์ž‰ํฌ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:56
But it does show what can be done
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์ง ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:57
if you look at this problem slightly differently.
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Look at this T-shirt I'm holding right now.
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์ด ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ  ๋˜ํ•œ
08:04
This is made from the same AIR-INK I'm talking about.
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์—์–ด ์ž‰ํฌ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์˜ท์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
It's made from the same pollution that is inside this petri dish.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ํŽ˜ํŠธ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘์‹œ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๊ณ 
08:11
And the same pollution we are all breathing in when we are walking outdoors.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
And we are on our way to do better than this.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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