Anil Ananthaswamy: What it takes to do extreme astrophysics

Prevodilac: Djuro Vorkapic Lektor: Ivana Korom

I would like to talk today

Želeo bih danas da govorim

about what I think is one of the greatest adventures

o onome što je mislim jedna od najvećih avantura

human beings have embarked upon,

na koju je čovečanstvo pošlo,

which is the quest to understand the universe

a to je potraga za razumevanjem univerzuma

and our place in it.

i našeg mesta u njemu.

My own interest in this subject, and my passion for it,

Moj lični interes za ovu temu i moja strast za nju,

began rather accidentally.

su počeli sasvim slučajno.

I had bought a copy of this book,

Kupio sam kopiju ove knjige,

"The Universe and Dr. Einstein" --

"Univerzum i Dr. Ajnštajn" --

a used paperback from a secondhand bookstore in Seattle.

polovno džepno izdanje iz knjižare u Sijetlu.

A few years after that, in Bangalore,

Nekoliko godina nakon toga, u Bangaloru,

I was finding it hard to fall asleep one night,

imao sam problema da zaspim jedne večeri,

and I picked up this book,

i uzeo sam tu knjigu,

thinking it would put me to sleep in 10 minutes.

mislio sam da će me uspavati za 10 minuta.

And as it happened,

I kao što se desilo,

I read it from midnight to five in the morning in one shot.

pročitao sam je bez zaustavljanja od ponoći do pet izjutra.

And I was left with this intense feeling

Ostao sam sa ovim snažnim osećanjem

of awe and exhilaration

strahopoštovanja i radoznalosti

at the universe

prema univerzumu

and our own ability to understand as much as we do.

i naše mogućnosti da ga delimično razumemo.

And that feeling hasn't left me yet.

To osećanje me još uvek nije napustilo.

That feeling was the trigger for me

To osećanje je uzrok za moju

to actually change my career --

promenu karijere --

from being a software engineer to become a science writer --

od programera postao sam naučni pisac --

so that I could partake in the joy of science,

tako da mogu jednim delom da uživam u nauci,

and also the joy of communicating it to others.

i istovremeno da uživam u prenošenju znanja drugima.

And that feeling also led me

To osećanje me je takođe povelo

to a pilgrimage of sorts,

u neku vrstu hodočašća,

to go literally to the ends of the earth

bukvalno do kraja sveta

to see telescopes, detectors,

da vidim teleskope, detektore,

instruments that people are building, or have built,

instrumente koje ljudi grade ili su izgradili

in order to probe the cosmos

u cilju istraživanja kosmosa

in greater and greater detail.

sve detaljnije i detaljnije.

So it took me from places like Chile --

Pošao sam sa mesta kao sto je Čile --

the Atacama Desert in Chile --

Atakama pustinja u Čileu --

to Siberia,

do Sibira,

to underground mines

do podzemnih rudnika,

in the Japanese Alps, in Northern America,

u japanskim Alpima, u Severnoj Americi,

all the way to Antarctica

sve do Antartika

and even to the South Pole.

čak do Južnog Pola.

And today I would like to share with you

Danas bih želeo da podelim sa vama

some images, some stories of these trips.

neke slike i neke priče sa ovih putovanja.

I have been basically spending the last few years

Ja sam ustvari poslednjih nekoliko godina

documenting the efforts

beležio napore

of some extremely intrepid men and women

nekih izuzetno hrabrih muškaraca i žena

who are putting,

koji su stavljali,

literally at times, their lives at stake

ponekad izistinski, svoje živote na kocku

working in some very remote and very hostile places

radeći u nekim veoma udaljenim i veoma negostoljubivim mestima

so that they may gather the faintest signals from the cosmos

da bi mogli da zabeleže ponekad jedva primetne signale iz kosmosa

in order for us to understand this universe.

da bi nam omogućili da razumemo univerzum.

And I first begin with a pie chart --

Počeću sa kružnim prikazom.

and I promise this is the only pie chart

Obećavam ovo je jedini kružni prikaz

in the whole presentation --

u celoj prezentaciji.

but it sets up the state of our knowledge of the cosmos.

Ali on će nam dati prikaz našeg razumevanja kosmosa.

All the theories in physics that we have today

Sve fizičke teorije koje mi danas poznajemo

properly explain what is called normal matter --

objašnjavaju ono što mi zovemo normalna materija --

the stuff that we're all made of --

materijal od koga smo sačinjeni --

and that's four percent of the universe.

a to je četiri procenta univerzuma.

Astronomers and cosmologists and physicists think

Astronomi, kosmolozi i fizičari pretpostavljaju

that there is something called dark matter in the universe,

da u univerzumu postoji i nešto što se zove tamna materija,

which makes up 23 percent of the universe,

što čini 23 procenta univerzuma,

and something called dark energy,

i nešto što se zove tamna energija,

which permeates the fabric of space-time,

koja prožima sastav prostora i vremena,

that makes up another 73 percent.

to čini preostalih 73 procenta

So if you look at this pie chart, 96 percent of the universe,

Dakle ako pogledate na ovaj prikaz, 96 procenta univerzuma,

at this point in our exploration of it,

u ovom trenutku našeg istaživanja istog,

is unknown or not well understood.

je nepoznato ili nije dovoljno dobro objašnjeno.

And most of the experiments, telescopes that I went to see

Većinu eksperimenata, teleskopi koje sam video

are in some way addressing this question,

se na neki način bave ovim problemom,

these two twin mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.

ovim dvema zagonetkama, tamne materije i tamne energije.

I will take you first to an underground mine

Povešću vas prvo u podzemni rudnik

in Northern Minnesota

u severnoj Minesoti

where people are looking

gde ljudi traže

for something called dark matter.

ono što se zove tamna materija.

And the idea here is that they are looking for a sign

Ideja je da oni ustvari traže signal

of a dark matter particle hitting one of their detectors.

sudara čestice tamne materije i njihovih detektora.

And the reason why they have to go underground

Razlog zbog kojega moraju da idu ispod površine Zemlje

is that, if you did this experiment on the surface of the Earth,

je taj, da ukoliko bi pokušali ovaj eksperiment na Zemljinoj površini

the same experiment would be swamped by signals

isti eksperiment bi bio zatrpan signalima

that could be created by things like cosmic rays,

koji bi mogli biti uzrokovani, na primer kosmičkim zracima,

ambient radio activity,

prirodnom radioaktivnošću,

even our own bodies. You might not believe it,

čak i našim telima. Možda nećete verovati,

but even our own bodies are radioactive enough to disturb this experiment.

ali čak i naša tela su dovoljno radioaktivna da poremete ovaj eksperiment.

So they go deep inside mines

Zato oni idu duboko u rudnike

to find a kind of environmental silence

da bi pronašli tihu sredinu

that will allow them to hear

koja će im omogućiti da čuju

the ping of a dark matter particle hitting their detector.

kada čestica tamne materije udari u detektor.

And I went to see one of these experiments,

Otišao sam da vidim jedan takav eksperiment,

and this is actually -- you can barely see it,

i ovo je zapravo -- jedva možete da vidite,

and the reason for that is it's entirely dark in there --

zato što je tamo toliko mračno.

this is a cavern that was left behind by the miners

Ovo je pećina koju su napustili rudari

who left this mine in 1960.

kada su napustili rudnik 1960.

And physicists came and started using it

I fizičari su došli i počeli da ga koriste

sometime in the 1980s.

u neko doba 1980-ih.

And the miners in the early part of the last century

Rudari su početkom prošlog veka

worked, literally, in candlelight.

radili, bukvalno, uz pomoć sveća.

And today, you would see this inside the mine,

Danas, ovo možete da vidite unutar rudnika,

half a mile underground.

oko 700 metara ispod zemlje.

This is one of the largest underground labs in the world.

Ovo je jedna od najvećih podzemnih laboratorija u svetu.

And, among other things, they're looking for dark matter.

Između ostalih stvari, oni tragaju i za tamnom materijom.

There is another way to search for dark matter,

Postoji i drugi način da se traži tamna materija,

which is indirectly.

a to je posredno.

If dark matter exists in our universe,

Ukoliko tamna materija postoji u našem univerzumu,

in our galaxy,

u našoj galaksiji,

then these particles should be smashing together

onda bi se ove čestice trebale sudarati

and producing other particles that we know about --

i proizvoditi druge čestice za koje znamo --

one of them being neutrinos.

neutrino je jedna od njih.

And neutrinos you can detect

Neutrino može da se detektuje

by the signature they leave

uz pomoć traga koji ostavi

when they hit water molecules.

kada se sudari sa molekulom vode.

When a neutrino hits a water molecule

Kada neutrino udari u molekul vode

it emits a kind of blue light,

emituje neku vrstu plave svetlosti,

a flash of blue light,

bljesak plave svetlosti,

and by looking for this blue light,

i kada prepoznamo ovu plavu svetlost,

you can essentially understand something about the neutrino

možemo razumeti nešto o neutrinu

and then, indirectly, something about the dark matter

i tada, posredno, ponešto o tamnoj materiji

that might have created this neutrino.

koja je možda stvorila taj neutrino.

But you need very, very large volumes of water

Ali za to su potrebne ogromne količine vode

in order to do this.

da bi se ovo odigralo.

You need something like tens of megatons of water --

Trebalo bi nešto kao desetine megatona vode --

almost a gigaton of water --

skoro gigatona vode --

in order to have any chance of catching this neutrino.

da bi se stvorila najmanja šansa da se uhvati neutrino.

And where in the world would you find such water?

Gde u svetu može da se nađe toliko vode ?

Well the Russians have a tank in their own backyard.

Pa, Rusi poseduju toliko spremište vode.

This is Lake Baikal.

Ovo je Bajkalsko jezero.

It is the largest lake in the world. It's 800 km long.

Najveće jezero na svetu. Dugačko je 800 km.

It's about 40 to 50 km wide

Široko je oko 40 do 50 km

in most places,

na većini mesta,

and one to two kilometers deep.

i duboko jedan do dva kilometra.

And what the Russians are doing

Ono što Rusi rade

is they're building these detectors

je izgradnja detektora

and immersing them about a kilometer beneath the surface of the lake

i njihovo potapanje oko kilometra ispod površine jezera

so that they can watch for these flashes of blue light.

tako da mogu da traže ove bljeskove plave svetlosti.

And this is the scene that greeted me when I landed there.

Ova scena me je dočekala kada sam stigao tamo.

This is Lake Baikal

Ovo je Bajkalsko jezero

in the peak of the Siberian winter.

u sred sibirske zime.

The lake is entirely frozen.

Jezero je potpuno zaleđeno.

And the line of black dots

Linije crnih tačaka

that you see in the background,

koje vidite u pozadini,

that's the ice camp where the physicists are working.

to je polarni kamp gde fizičari rade.

The reason why they have to work in winter

Razlog zbog koga moraju da rade preko zime

is because they don't have the money to work in summer and spring,

je zato što nemaju finansijskih sredstava da rade u proleće i leto,

which, if they did that,

ukoliko bi to poželeli,

they would need ships and submersibles to do their work.

trebali bi im brodovi i podmornice da obave njihov posao.

So they wait until winter --

Zato oni moraju da čekaju zimu --

the lake is completely frozen over --

kada se jezero potpuno zamrze --

and they use this meter-thick ice

tada oni koriste ovaj metar debeo led

as a platform on which to establish their ice camp and do their work.

kao platformu na kojoj izgrade polarni kamp i obavljaju posao.

So this is the Russians working on the ice

Ovo su Rusi koji rade na ledu

in the peak of the Siberian winter.

u sred sibirske zime.

They have to drill holes in the ice,

Moraju da izbuše rupe u ledu,

dive down into the water -- cold, cold water --

da zarone u vodu -- veoma hladnu vodu --

to get hold of the instrument, bring it up,

da bi uzeli instrument i doneli ga na površinu,

do any repairs and maintenance that they need to do,

da obave sve popravke i održavanja koja moraju da urade,

put it back and get out before the ice melts.

da ga vrate nazad i odu pre nego se led istopi.

Because that phase of solid ice lasts for two months

Ova faza čvrstog leda traje svega dva meseca

and it's full of cracks.

i on je prepun pukotina.

And you have to imagine, there's an entire sea-like lake

Možete zamisliti, dole je ogromno jezero

underneath, moving.

kreće se, ispod.

I still don't understand this one Russian man

Još uvek ne mogu da razumem ovog Rusa

working in his bare chest,

koji je radio polu go,

but that tells you how hard he was working.

ali to vam samo govori koliko se mučio.

And these people, a handful of people,

Ovi ljudi, svega nekoliko njih,

have been working for 20 years,

rade ovako već 20 godina,

looking for particles that may or may not exist.

traže čestice koje možda postoje, a možda i ne.

And they have dedicated their lives to it.

Oni su posvetili svoje živote tome.

And just to give you an idea,

Samo da bi razumeli,

they have spent 20 million over 20 years.

oni su potrošili 20 milliona u toku 20 godina.

It's very harsh conditions.

Ovo su veoma okrutni uslovi.

They work on a shoestring budget.

Oni rade sa "štapom i kanapom"

The toilets there are literally holes in the ground

Toaleti koje koriste su bukvalno samo rupe u zemlji

covered with a wooden shack.

pokrivene daskama.

And it's that basic,

Samo najnužnije,

but they do this every year.

ali ipak oni ovo rade svake godine.

From Siberia to the Atacama Desert in Chile,

Od Sibira do Atakama pustinje u Čileu,

to see something called The Very Large Telescope.

da bi videli nešto što se zove "Veoma veliki teleskop".

The Very Large Telescope

Veoma veliki teleskop

is one of these things that astronomers do --

to je jedna od stvari koje astronomi rade --

they name their telescopes rather unimaginatively.

oni daju nemaštovita imena svojim teleskopima.

I can tell you for a fact,

Iskreno mogu da vam kažem,

that the next one that they're planning is called The Extremely Large Telescope.

da je sledeći koji planiraju nazvan "Izuzetno veliki teleskop".

(Laughter)

(smeh)

And you wouldn't believe it,

Nećete mi verovati

but the one after that is going to be called The Overwhelmingly Large Telescope.

ali onaj nakon toga će biti nazvan "Izuzetno ogroman teleskop".

But nonetheless,

Ipak,

it's an extraordinary piece of engineering.

to je izuzetno projektantsko delo.

These are four 8.2 meter telescopes.

Ovo su četiri teleskopa promera 8.2 m.

And these telescopes, among other things,

Ovi teleskopi, između ostalog,

they're being used to study

se koriste za proučavanje

how the expansion of the universe is changing with time.

kako se širenje univerzuma menja u toku vremena.

And the more you understand that,

Što više to razumemo,

the better you would understand

bolje ćemo razumeti

what this dark energy that the universe is made of is all about.

šta tamna energija -- koja sačinjava univerzum -- predstavlja.

And one piece of engineering that I want to leave you with

Pre nego što završimo sa ovim pokazaću vam jedan deo

as regards this telescope

sa ovog teleskopa

is the mirror.

to je ogledalo.

Each mirror, there are four of them,

Svako ogledalo, a ima ih četiri,

is made of a single piece of glass,

je napravljeno iz jednog komada stakla,

a monolithic piece of high-tech ceramic,

ogromni komad visoko tehnološke keramike,

that has been ground down and polished to such accuracy

koji je brušen i poliran do tolike preciznosti

that the only way to understand what that is

da jedini način da to razumete je

is [to] imagine a city like Paris,

da zamislite grad kao Pariz,

with all its buildings and the Eiffel Tower,

sa svim njegovim građevinama i Ajfelovom kulom,

if you grind down Paris to that kind of accuracy,

ukoliko bi izbrusili Pariz toliko detaljno,

you would be left with bumps that are one millimeter high.

sva uzvišenja koja bi ostala bila bi samo milimetar visoka.

And that's the kind of polishing that these mirrors have endured.

Toliko su dobro uglačana ova ogledala.

An extraordinary set of telescopes.

Izuzetan komplet teleskopa.

Here's another view of the same.

Još jedan pogled istog.

The reason why you have to build these telescopes

Razlog zbog kojeg su ovi teleskopi izgrađeni

in places like the Atacama Desert

na mestima kao pustinja Atakama

is because of the high altitude desert.

je zbog visoke nadmorske visine.

The dry air is really good for telescopes,

Suv vazduh je dobar za teleskope,

and also, the cloud cover is below the summit of these mountains

takođe, oblaci su ispod vrha ove planine

so that the telescopes have

tako da teleskop ima

about 300 days of clear skies.

oko 300 dana čistog neba.

Finally, I want to take you to Antarctica.

Konačno, povešću vas na Antarktik.

I want to spend most of my time on this part of the world.

Želeo bih da provedem duže vreme u ovom delu sveta.

This is cosmology's final frontier.

Ovo je za kosmologiju konačni cilj.

Some of the most amazing experiments,

Neki od veoma zadivljujućih eksperimenata,

some of the most extreme experiments,

neki od najekstremnijih eksperimenata,

are being done in Antarctica.

su izvedeni na Antarktiku.

I was there to view something called a long-duration balloon flight,

Bio sam tamo da bih video nešto nazvano dugački let balonom,

which basically takes telescopes and instruments

koji ponese teleskope i instrumente

all the way to the upper atmosphere,

sve do gornje atmosfere,

the upper stratosphere, 40 km up.

do gornje stratosfere, do 40 km visine.

And that's where they do their experiments,

Tamo oni vrše svoje eksperimente,

and then the balloon, the payload, is brought down.

nakon toga balon i njegov tovar, se vraćaju dole.

So this is us landing on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica.

Ovo mi slećemo na Ros lednik na Antarktiku.

That's an American C-17 cargo plane

Ovo je Američki C-17 transportni avion

that flew us from New Zealand

koji nas je doleteo sa Novog Zelanda

to McMurdo in Antarctica.

do MakMurdo na Antarktiku.

And here we are about to board our bus.

Ovde se ukrcavamo na autobus.

And I don't know if you can read the lettering,

Ne znam možete li pročitati natpis,

but it says, "Ivan the Terribus."

piše, "Ivan Groznibus".

And that's taking us to McMurdo.

Odlazimo u MakMurdo.

And this is the scene that greets you in McMurdo.

Ovo je scena koja vas dočeka na ulazu u MakMurdo.

And you barely might be able to make out

Jedva možete razaznati

this hut here.

ovu brvnaru ovde.

This hut was built by Robert Falcon Scott and his men

Nju su izgradili Robert Falkon Skot i njegovi ljudi

when they first came to Antarctica

kada su prvi put došli na Antarktik

on their first expedition to go to the South Pole.

u toku njihove prve ekspedicije na Južni Pol.

Because it's so cold,

Zato što je toliko hladno,

the entire contents of that hut is still as they left it,

celokupni sadržaj brvnare je još uvek kao što su ga oni ostavili,

with the remnants of the last meal they cooked still there.

zajedno sa ostacima poslednjeg obroka koji su tamo spremili.

It's an extraordinary place.

To je izuzetno mesto.

This is McMurdo itself. About a thousand people work here in summer,

Ovo je MakMurdo. Oko hiljadu ljudi radi ovde u toku leta,

and about 200 in winter

i oko 200 u toku zime

when it's completely dark for six months.

kada je i potpuni mrak šest meseci.

I was here to see the launch

Bio sam tamo da posmatram lansiranje

of this particular type of instrument.

ovog specifičnog instrumenta.

This is a cosmic ray experiment

Ovo je eksperiment kosmičkih zraka

that has been launched all the way to the upper-stratosphere

koji je lansiran sve do gornje stratosfere

to an altitude of 40 km.

do visine od 40 km.

What I want you to imagine is this is two tons in weight.

Zamislite ovo je teško dve tone.

So you're using a balloon

Zamislite da koristite balon

to carry something that is two tons

da ponesete nešto teško dve tone

all the way to an altitude of 40 km.

sve do visine od 40 km.

And the engineers, the technicians, the physicists

Inžinjeri, tehničari i fizičari

have all got to assemble on the Ross Ice Shelf,

moraju sve to da sastave na Ros ledniku,

because Antarctica -- I won't go into the reasons why --

zato što je Antarktik -- neću ići u razloge zašto --

but it's one of the most favorable places for doing these balloon launches,

jedna od najboljih lokacija za obavljanje ovih lansiranja balona,

except for the weather.

izuzetak su vremenske prilike.

The weather, as you can imagine,

Vremenske prilike su, kao što možete da zamislite,

this is summer, and you're standing on 200 ft of ice.

ovo je leto, a vi stojite na 60 m leda.

And there's a volcano behind,

Ovo je vulkan u pozadini,

which has glaciers at the very top.

sa lednikom na vrhu.

And what they have to do

Oni moraju da

is they have to assemble the entire balloon --

osposobe čitav balon --

the fabric, parachute and everything -- on the ice

platno, padobran i sve ostalo -- na ledu

and then fill it up with helium.

i nakon toga da ga napune helijumom.

And that process takes about two hours.

Sav taj proces traje oko dva sata.

And the weather can change as they're putting together this whole assembly.

Vremenske prilike lako mogu da se promene dok oni to obavljaju.

For instance, here they are laying down the balloon fabric behind,

Na primer, ovde postavljaju platno balona iza njih,

which is eventually going to be filled up with helium.

koje će posle biti ispunjeno helijumom.

Those two trucks you see at the very end

Ova dva kamiona koja vidite u pozadini

carry 12 tanks each of compressed helium.

nose 12 tankova kompresovanog helijuma svaki.

Now, in case the weather changes before the launch,

Ukoliko se vremenske prilike promene pre lansiranja,

they have to actually pack everything back up into their boxes

oni moraju sve da spakuju nazad u odgovarajuće kutije

and take it out back to McMurdo Station.

i da ih vrate nazad u MakMurdo stanicu.

And this particular balloon,

Upravo ovaj balon,

because it has to launch two tons of weight,

zato što mora da ponese dve tone tereta,

is an extremely huge balloon.

je izuzetno veliki balon.

The fabric alone weighs two tons.

Samo platno je teško dve tone.

In order to minimize the weight,

Da bi smanjili težinu,

it's very thin, it's as thin as a sandwich wrapper.

veoma je tanko, tanko je kao papir za sendviče.

And if they have to pack it back,

Ukoliko moraju da ga spakuju nazad,

they have to put it into boxes

moraju da ga vrate u kutije

and stamp on it so that it fits into the box again --

i da stoje na njemu tako da može da stane nazad u kutiju --

except, when they did it first,

osim što, kada su to uradili prvi put,

it would have been done in Texas.

bilo je to u Teksasu.

Here, they can't do it with the kind shoes they're wearing,

Ovde, to ne mogu da postignu sa obućom koju nose,

so they have to take their shoes off,

tako da moraju da skinu čizme,

get barefoot into the boxes, in this cold,

da budu bosi kada ulaze u kutije po ovoj hladnoći

and do that kind of work.

i rade takav posao.

That's the kind of dedication these people have.

To je posvećenost koju ovi ljudi imaju.

Here's the balloon being filled up with helium,

Ovde se balon puni helijumom,

and you can see it's a gorgeous sight.

kao što vidite prizor je zadivljujući.

Here's a scene

Ovo je scena

that shows you the balloon and the payload end-to-end.

koja prikazuje balon i teret od početka do kraja.

So the balloon is being filled up with helium on the left-hand side,

Sa leve strane balon se puni helijumom,

and the fabric actually runs all the way to the middle

platno je sve do sredine

where there's a piece of electronics and explosives

gde se nalazi deo sa elektronikom i eksplozivom

being connected to a parachute,

koji je zakačen za padobran,

and then the parachute is then connected to the payload.

a padobran je zakačen za teret.

And remember, all this wiring is being done

Ne zaboravite, sve ovo su povezali

by people in extreme cold, in sub-zero temperatures.

ljudi u ekstermnoj hladnoći, na temperaturi ispod nule.

They're wearing about 15 kg of clothing and stuff,

Oni nose oko 15 kg odeće i opreme,

but they have to take their gloves off in order to do that.

ali ipak moraju da skidaju rukavice da bi uradili ovo.

And I would like to share with you a launch.

Hteo bih da podelim sa vama trenutak lansiranja.

(Video) Radio: Okay, release the balloon,

(Video) Radio: U redu, oslobodite balon,

release the balloon, release the balloon.

oslobodite balon, oslobodite balon.

Anil Ananthaswamy: And I'll finally like to leave you with two images.

Anil Anantasvami: Za kraj ću vas ostaviti sa dva prizora.

This is an observatory in the Himalayas, in Ladakh in India.

Ovo je opservatorija na Himalajima, u Ladaku u Indiji.

And the thing I want you to look at here

Ono što želim da primetite ovde

is the telescope on the right-hand side.

je teleskop na desnoj strani.

And on the far left there

Na krajnoj levoj strani

is a 400 year-old Buddhist monastery.

je 400 godina star budistički manastir.

This is a close-up of the Buddhist monastery.

Ovo je budistički manastir iz blizine.

And I was struck by the juxtaposition

Bio sam zadivljen prizorom

of these two enormous disciplines that humanity has.

ovima dvama dostignućima čovečanstva.

One is exploring the cosmos on the outside,

Jedno je istaživanje kosmosa izvana,

and the other one is exploring our interior being.

a drugo je istaživanje sebe samih iznutra.

And both require silence of some sort.

Oba zahtevaju neku vrstu tišine.

And what struck me was

Ono što me je iznenadilo

every place that I went to to see these telescopes,

je da na svakom mestu gde sam otišao da vidim teleskope,

the astronomers and cosmologists

astronomi i kosmolozi

are in search of a certain kind of silence,

su u potazi za izvesnom vrstom tišine,

whether it's silence from radio pollution

bilo da je to tišina od radio zagađenosti

or light pollution or whatever.

ili svetlosna zagađenost ili šta drugo.

And it was very obvious

Bilo je očigledno

that, if we destroy these silent places on Earth,

da, ukoliko uništimo ova tiha mesta na Zemlji,

we will be stuck on a planet without the ability to look outwards,

bićemo zaglavljeni na planeti bez mogućnosti da vidimo napolje,

because we will not be able to understand the signals that come from outer space.

jer nećemo biti u mogućnosti da razumemo signale koji dolaze iz svemira.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)