Brian Skerry reveals ocean's glory -- and horror

160,280 views ・ 2010-06-02

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Sandra Gojic Lektor: Ivana Korom
00:16
I would like to share with you this morning
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Voleo bih da podelim sa vama ovog jutra
00:19
some stories about the ocean
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neke priče o okeanu
00:21
through my work as a still photographer
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kroz moj rad kao fotografa
00:23
for National Geographic magazine.
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"National Geographic" magazina.
00:26
I guess I became an underwater photographer
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Pretpostavljam da sam postao podvodni fotograf
00:28
and a photojournalist
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i fotoreporter
00:30
because I fell in love with the sea as a child.
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zato što sam se zaljubio u more kao dete.
00:32
And I wanted to tell stories
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I hteo sam da ispričam priče
00:34
about all the amazing things I was seeing underwater,
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o svim divnim stvarima koja sam viđao pod vodom,
00:37
incredible wildlife and interesting behaviors.
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neverovatnom divljem svetu i zanimljivim ponašanjima.
00:40
And after even 30 years of doing this,
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I posle čak 30 godina ovog posla,
00:42
after 30 years of exploring the ocean,
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posle 30 godina istraživanja okeana,
00:44
I never cease to be amazed
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nikada na prestajem biti oduševljen
00:46
at the extraordinary encounters that I have while I'm at sea.
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izvanrednim susretima koje imam dok sam u moru.
00:49
But more and more frequently these days
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Ali sve češće ovih dana
00:51
I'm seeing terrible things underwater as well,
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takođe viđam užasne stvari pod vodom,
00:53
things that I don't think most people realize.
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stvari kojih mislim većina ljudi nije svesna.
00:56
And I've been compelled to turn my camera towards these issues
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I bio sam primoran da uperim svoj aparat prema ovim pitanjima
00:59
to tell a more complete story.
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kako bih ispričao potpuniju priču.
01:01
I want people to see what's happening underwater,
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Želim da ljudi vide šta se dešava ispod vode,
01:03
both the horror and the magic.
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oboje, užas i čaroliju.
01:06
The first story that I did for National Geographic,
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Prva priča koju sam napravio za "National Geographic",
01:08
where I recognized the ability to include
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gde sam prepoznao moć da uključim
01:10
environmental issues within a natural history coverage,
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pitanja životne sredine u okvir priče o istoriji prirode,
01:13
was a story I proposed on harp seals.
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bila je priča o belim fokama.
01:16
The story I wanted to do initially
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E sad, priča koju sam izvorno hteo da radim,
01:18
was just a small focus to look at the few weeks each year
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bila je samo mali pogled na par nedelja svake godine
01:21
where these animals migrate down from the Canadian arctic
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kada se ovo životinje sele sa kanadskog arktika
01:24
to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada
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do St. Lawrence zaliva u Kanadi
01:26
to engage in courtship, mating and to have their pups.
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gde se udvaraju, pare i imaju mladunce.
01:29
And all of this is played out against
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A sve ovo se odigrava na
01:31
the backdrop of transient pack ice
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poleđini prelaznog leda
01:33
that moves with wind and tide.
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koji se pomera sa vetrom i plimom.
01:35
And because I'm an underwater photographer,
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I zato što sam ja podvodni fotograf,
01:37
I wanted to do this story from both above and below,
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hteo sam da uradim ovu priču sa obe strane, ispod i iznad,
01:39
to make pictures like this that show one of these little pups
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kako bih napravio slike poput ove koja prikazuje jedno od ovih malih mladunčadi
01:42
making its very first swim in the icy 29-degree water.
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koje prvi put pliva u ledenoj vodi.
01:45
But as I got more involved in the story,
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Ali što sam se više uplitao u ovu priču,
01:47
I realized that there were two big environmental issues I couldn't ignore.
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shvatio sam da postoje dva velika problema životne sredine koja nisam mogao da ignorišem.
01:50
The first was that these animals continue to be hunted,
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Prvi je da se ove životinje i dalje love,
01:53
killed with hakapiks at about eight, 15 days old.
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ubijaju se hakapikom sa osam, 15 dana starosti.
01:56
It actually is the largest marine mammal
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To je zapravo najveće klanje
01:58
slaughter on the planet,
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morskih sisara na planeti,
02:00
with hundreds of thousands of these seals being killed every year.
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sa stotinama i hiljadama ovih foki koje se ubijaju svake godine.
02:03
But as disturbing as that is,
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Ali koliko god da je to uznemirujuće,
02:05
I think the bigger problem for harp seals
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mislim da je veći problem za bele foke
02:07
is the loss of sea ice due to global warming.
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gubitak morskog leda zbog globalnog zagrevanja.
02:09
This is an aerial picture that I made that shows
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Ovo je fotografija iz vazduha koja prikazuje
02:11
the Gulf of St. Lawrence during harp seal season.
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St. Lawrence zaliv za vreme lova na bele foke.
02:14
And even though we see a lot of ice in this picture,
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I iako vidimo dosta leda na ovoj fotografiji,
02:16
there's a lot of water as well, which wasn't there historically.
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takođe ima i puno vode, koja nije bila tu istorijski gledano.
02:19
And the ice that is there is quite thin.
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A led je tu prilično tanak.
02:22
The problem is that these pups need a stable platform of solid ice
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Problem je što ova mladunčad trebaju stabilnu platformu čvrstog leda
02:25
in order to nurse from their moms.
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da bi se hranila kod svoje mame.
02:27
They only need 12 days from the moment they're born until they're on their own.
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Potrebno im je samo 12 dana od trenutka rođenja dok se ne osamostale.
02:30
But if they don't get 12 days,
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Ali ako ne dobiju 12 dana,
02:32
they can fall into the ocean and die.
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mogu da upadnu u okean i umru.
02:34
This is a photo that I made showing
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Ovo je fotografija koju sam napravio koja prikazuje
02:36
one of these pups that's only about five or seven days old --
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jedno od ovih mladunčadi koje ima samo 5 ili 7 dana -
02:38
still has a little bit of the umbilical cord on its belly --
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još uvek ima malo pupčane vrpce na stomaku -
02:40
that has fallen in because of the thin ice,
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koje je upalo zbog tankog leda,
02:42
and the mother is frantically trying to push it up to breathe
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a majka se ludački bori da ga gurne gore da diše
02:45
and to get it back to stable purchase.
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i da ga vrati na stabilnu podlogu.
02:47
This problem has continued to grow each year since I was there.
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Ovaj problem nastavlja da raste svake godine otkad sam tamo.
02:50
I read that last year the pup mortality rate
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Pročitao sam da je, prošle godine, stopa smrtnosti mladunaca
02:52
was 100 percent in parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
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bila 100 posto u delovima zaliva St. Lawrence.
02:55
So, clearly, this species has a lot of problems going forward.
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Dakle, jasno je, ove vrste imaju mnogo problema u napredovanju.
02:58
This ended up becoming a cover story at National Geographic.
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Ovo je završilo kao nasovna priča u "National Geographic".
03:01
And it received quite a bit of attention.
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I dobila je poprilično pažnje.
03:03
And with that, I saw the potential to begin
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I sa tim, video sam potencijal da počnem
03:05
doing other stories about ocean problems.
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da radim druge priče o problemima okeana.
03:07
So I proposed a story on the global fish crisis,
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Predložio sam priču o globalnoj krizi ribe,
03:10
in part because I had personally witnessed
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delom zato što sam lično prisustvovao
03:13
a lot of degradation in the ocean over the last 30 years,
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mnogim degradacijama u okeanu za proteklih 30 godina,
03:15
but also because I read a scientific paper
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ali takođe zato što sam pročitao naučni članak
03:17
that stated that 90 percent of the big fish in the ocean
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koji je tvrdio da je 90 odsto velike ribe u okeanu
03:20
have disappeared in the last 50 or 60 years.
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nestalo za poslednjih 50 ili 60 godina.
03:22
These are the tuna, the billfish and the sharks.
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To su tuna, sabljarka i ajkule.
03:25
When I read that, I was blown away by those numbers.
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I kada sam to pročitao, bio sam zapanjen tim brojkama.
03:27
I thought this was going to be headline news in every media outlet,
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Mislio sam da će biti udarna vest u svim medijima.
03:30
but it really wasn't, so I wanted to do a story
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Ali zapravo nije, tako da sam hteo da uradim priču
03:33
that was a very different kind of underwater story.
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koja bi bila prilično drugačija vrsta podvodne priče.
03:36
I wanted it to be more like war photography,
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Hteo sam da bude više poput ratne fotografije,
03:38
where I was making harder-hitting pictures
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gde sam pravio fotografije teške za uhvatiti
03:40
that showed readers what was happening
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koje su pokazale čitaocima šta se događa
03:42
to marine wildlife around the planet.
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morskom divljem životu širom planete.
03:44
The first component of the story that I thought was essential, however,
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Prvi element priče za koji sam mislio da je najbitniji,
03:47
was to give readers a sense of appreciation
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bio je da dam čitaocima osećaj zahvalnosti
03:50
for the ocean animals that they were eating.
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za okeanske životinje koje su jeli.
03:52
You know, I think people go into a restaurant,
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Znate, mislim da ljudi odlaze u restoran,
03:54
and somebody orders a steak, and we all know where steak comes from,
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i neko naruči odrezak, i svi znamo odakle odrezak dolazi,
03:57
and somebody orders a chicken, and we know what a chicken is,
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i neko naruči piletinu, i mi znamo šta je piletina,
04:00
but when they're eating bluefin sushi,
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ali kada jedu suši,
04:02
do they have any sense of the magnificent animal that they're consuming?
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da li imaju bilo kakav osećaj o veličanstevnoj životinji koju jedu?
04:05
These are the lions and tigers of the sea.
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Ovo su lavovi i tigrovi mora.
04:08
In reality, these animals have no terrestrial counterpart;
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U stvarnosti, ove životinje nemaju kopnene kolege,
04:10
they're unique in the world.
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jedinstveni su na svetu.
04:12
These are animals that can practically swim
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Ovo su životinje koje praktično mogu da plivaju
04:14
from the equator to the poles
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od ekvatora do polova
04:16
and can crisscross entire oceans in the course of a year.
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i mogu da preseku čitave okeane za godinu dana.
04:19
If we weren't so efficient at catching them, because they grow their entire life,
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Da nismo toliko efikasni u njihovom hvatanju, zato što rastu čitavog života,
04:22
would have 30-year-old bluefin out there that weigh a ton.
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imali bismo tridesetogodišnje plave tune koje bi bile tonu teške.
04:24
But the truth is we're way too efficient at catching them,
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Ali istina je da smo suviše efikasni u njihovom hvatanju,
04:27
and their stocks have collapsed worldwide.
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i njihove zalihe su propale širom sveta.
04:29
This is the daily auction at the Tsukiji Fish Market
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Ovo je svakodnevica na Cukiji ribljoj pijaci
04:31
that I photographed a couple years ago.
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koju sam fotografisao pre par godina.
04:33
And every single day these tuna, bluefin like this,
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I svakoga dana ova tuna, plava tuna poput ove,
04:36
are stacked up like cordwood,
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biva naslagana poput cepanica,
04:38
just warehouse after warehouse.
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skladište nakon skladišta.
04:40
As I wandered around and made these pictures,
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I dok sam tako lutao i pravio ove fotografije,
04:42
it sort of occurred to me that the ocean's not a grocery store, you know.
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nekako sam shvatio da okean nije prodavnica, znate.
04:45
We can't keep taking without expecting
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Ne možemo da nastavimo da uzimamo bez očekivanja
04:47
serious consequences as a result.
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ozbiljnih posledica kao rezultat.
04:50
I also, with the story, wanted to show readers
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Takođe sam, pored priče, hteo da pokažem čitaocima
04:52
how fish are caught, some of the methods that are used to catch fish,
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kako se riba hvata, neke od načina na koji se riba hvata,
04:55
like a bottom trawler, which is one of the most common methods in the world.
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poput mreže na dnu, koja je najčešći način hvatanja ribe na svetu.
04:58
This was a small net that was being used in Mexico to catch shrimp,
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Ovo je mala mreža korišćena u Meksiku za hvatanje škampa,
05:01
but the way it works is essentially the same everywhere in the world.
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ali način na koji radi je u osnovi isti svuda na svetu.
05:04
You have a large net in the middle
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Imate veliku mrežu u sredini
05:06
with two steel doors on either end.
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sa dvema čeličnim vratima na svakom kraju.
05:08
And as this assembly is towed through the water,
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I dok se ova konstrukcija vuče kroz vodu,
05:10
the doors meet resistance with the ocean,
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vrata se susreću sa otporom okeana,
05:12
and it opens the mouth of the net,
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i otvaraju se usta mreže,
05:14
and they place floats at the top and a lead line on the bottom.
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koja ima plovke na vrhu i olovo na dnu.
05:17
And this just drags over the bottom, in this case to catch shrimp.
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I ovo se jednostavno vuče po dnu, u ovom slučaju da uhvati škampe.
05:20
But as you can imagine, it's catching everything else in its path as well.
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Ali kao što možete da zamislite, hvata takođe sve ostalo u svoju mrežu.
05:23
And it's destroying that precious benthic community on the bottom,
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I uništava tu dragocenu zajednicu na dnu,
05:26
things like sponges and corals,
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stvari poput sunđera i korala,
05:28
that critical habitat for other animals.
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kritično stanište za druge životinje.
05:30
This photograph I made of the fisherman
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Ovu fotografju sam napravio dok ribar
05:33
holding the shrimp that he caught after towing his nets for one hour.
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drži škampe koje je uhvatio nakon što je vukao svoju mrežu sat vremena.
05:36
So he had a handful of shrimp, maybe seven or eight shrimp,
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Dakle imao je šaku punu škampa, možda sedam ili osam komada,
05:38
and all those other animals on the deck of the boat are bycatch.
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i sve te druge životinje na palubi broda su sporedni ulov.
05:41
These are animals that died in the process,
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Ovo su životinje koje uginu tokom procesa,
05:43
but have no commercial value.
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ali nemaju nikakvu komercijalnu vrednost.
05:45
So this is the true cost of a shrimp dinner,
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Dakle ovo je prava cena škampa za večeru,
05:47
maybe seven or eight shrimp
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možda sedam ili osam škampa
05:49
and 10 pounds of other animals that had to die in the process.
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i 5 kg drugih životinja koje su morale da uginu u tom procesu.
05:52
And to make that point even more visual, I swam under the shrimp boat
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I da bih to još više naglasio, otplivao sam ispod broda za škampe
05:55
and made this picture of the guy shoveling
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i napravio fotografiju ovog momka koji baca
05:57
this bycatch into the sea as trash
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ovaj ulov nazad u more kao otpad
05:59
and photographed this cascade of death,
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i fotografisao sam ovaj slap smrti,
06:01
you know, animals like guitarfish, bat rays,
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znate, životinje poput raža, ražopsa,
06:04
flounder, pufferfish, that only an hour before,
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list ribe, napuhača, koje su samo sat ranije,
06:07
were on the bottom of the ocean, alive,
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bile na dnu okeana, žive,
06:09
but now being thrown back as trash.
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a sada bačene nazad kao otpad.
06:11
I also wanted to focus on the shark fishing industry
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Takođe sam hteo da se fokusiram na industriju lova na ajkule
06:14
because, currently on planet Earth,
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jer, trenutno na palneti zemlji,
06:16
we're killing over 100 million sharks
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ubijamo više od 100 miliona ajkula
06:18
every single year.
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svake godine.
06:20
But before I went out to photograph this component,
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Ali pre nego što sam otišao da fotografišem ovu komponentu,
06:22
I sort of wrestled with the notion of how do you make a picture of a dead shark
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borio sam se sa idejom kako da napravim sliku mrtve ajkule
06:25
that will resonate with readers
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koja će čitaocima ostati u pamćenju.
06:27
You know, I think there's still a lot of people out there who think
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Znate, mislim da još uvek ima mnogo ljudi tamo koji misle
06:29
the only good shark is a dead shark.
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da je dobra ajkula jedino mrtva ajkula.
06:31
But this one morning I jumped in and found this thresher
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I ovog jutra sam skočio u vodu i našao ovu morsku lisicu
06:33
that had just recently died in the gill net.
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koja je nedavno uginula u ovoj ribarskoj mreži.
06:35
And with its huge pectoral fins and eyes still very visible,
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I sa ogromnim bočnim perajima i vrlo vidnim očima,
06:38
it struck me as sort of a crucifixion, if you will.
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podsetilo me na neku vrstu raspeća.
06:41
This ended up being the lead picture
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Ovo je završilo kao vodeća fotografija
06:43
in the global fishery story in National Geographic.
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u globalnoj ribarskoj priči u "National Geographic".
06:45
And I hope that it helped readers to take notice
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I nadam se da je pomogla čitaocima da primete
06:47
of this problem of 100 million sharks.
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ovaj problem od 100 miliona ajkula.
06:50
And because I love sharks -- I'm somewhat obsessed with sharks --
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I zato što volim ajkule - ja sam na neki način njima opsednut -
06:53
I wanted to do another, more celebratory, story about sharks,
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hteo sam da napravim još jednu priču o ajkulama, više slavljeničku,
06:55
as a way of talking about the need for shark conservation.
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kao način da se govori o važnosti očuvanja ajkula.
06:58
So I went to the Bahamas
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Tako sam otišao na Bahame
07:00
because there're very few places in the world
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jer postoji samo par mesta na svetu
07:02
where sharks are doing well these days,
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gde ajkulama ide dobro ovih dana,
07:04
but the Bahamas seem to be a place where stocks were reasonably healthy,
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ali čini se da su Bahami mesto gde su zalihe razumno zdrave,
07:07
largely due to the fact that the government there
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uglavnom zbog činjenice da je vlada tamo
07:10
had outlawed longlining several years ago.
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zabranila ribolov parangalom pre nekoliko godina.
07:12
And I wanted to show several species
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I hteo sam da prikažem više vrsta
07:14
that we hadn't shown much in the magazine and worked in a number of locations.
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koje nismo mnogo prikazali u časopisu radeći na više lokacija.
07:17
One of the locations was this place called Tiger Beach,
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Jedna od lokacija je bila ta plaža nazvana Tigar plaža,
07:20
in the northern Bahamas where tiger sharks
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u severnom delu Bahama gde se tigar ajkule
07:22
aggregate in shallow water.
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sakupljaju u plitkoj vodi.
07:24
This is a low-altitude photograph that I made
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Ova fotografija sa male visine
07:26
showing our dive boat with about a dozen of these big old tiger sharks
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prikazuje naš ronilački brod sa oko desetak ovih velikih starih tigar ajkula
07:29
sort of just swimming around behind.
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koje jednostavno plivaju okolo.
07:31
But the one thing I definitely didn't want to do with this coverage
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Ali jedna stvar koju svakako nisam hteo da uradim sa ovom pričom
07:34
was to continue to portray sharks as something like monsters.
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jeste da nastavim da prikazujem ajkule kao čudovišta,
07:37
I didn't want them to be overly threatening or scary.
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nisam hteo da budu previše opasne ili zastrašujuće.
07:40
And with this photograph of a beautiful
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I sa ovom fotografijom prelepe
07:42
15-feet, probably 14-feet, I guess,
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4,5 metra, verovatno 4 metra duge, pretpostavljam,
07:44
female tiger shark,
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ženke tigar ajkule,
07:46
I sort of think I got to that goal,
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nekako mislim da sam ostvario cilj,
07:49
where she was swimming with these little barjacks off her nose,
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gde ona pliva sa ovim ribama oko svoje njuške
07:52
and my strobe created a shadow on her face.
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i moj strob je stvorio senku na njenoj glavi.
07:54
And I think it's a gentler picture, a little less threatening,
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I mislim da je to nežnija fotografija, manje preteća,
07:56
a little more respectful of the species.
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malo više poštovanja za vrstu.
07:58
I also searched on this story
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Takođe sam radio na priči
08:00
for the elusive great hammerhead,
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o izostanku velike čekić ajkule,
08:02
an animal that really hadn't been photographed much
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životinje koja je retko bila fotografisana
08:04
until maybe about seven or 10 years ago.
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do pre nekih sedam ili 10 godina.
08:06
It's a very solitary creature.
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To je vrlo usamljeno stvorenje.
08:08
But this is an animal that's considered data deficient by science
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Ali ovo je životinja o kojoj nauka ima malo podataka
08:11
in both Florida and in the Bahamas.
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kako na Floridi tako i na Bahamima.
08:13
You know, we know almost nothing about them.
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Znate, skoro da ništa ne znamo o njima.
08:15
We don't know where they migrate to or from,
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Ne znamo odakle ni kuda migriraju,
08:17
where they mate, where they have their pups,
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gde se pare, gde dobijaju mladunce,
08:19
and yet, hammerhead populations in the Atlantic
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i opet, populacija čekić ajkula u Atlantiku
08:21
have declined about 80 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
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smanjila se za oko 80 posto u poslednjih 20, 30 godina.
08:24
You know, we're losing them faster than we can possibly find them.
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Znate, gubimo ih brže nego što možemo da ih nađemo.
08:27
This is the oceanic whitetip shark,
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Ovo je okeanska bela ajkula,
08:30
an animal that is considered the fourth most dangerous species,
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životinja koja se smatra četvrtom po redu najopasnijom vrstom,
08:32
if you pay attention to such lists.
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ako obraćate pažnju na takve liste.
08:34
But it's an animal that's about 98 percent in decline
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Ali to je životinja koja je za oko 98 odsto u opadanju
08:37
throughout most of its range.
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kroz čitav svoj opseg.
08:39
Because this is a pelagic animal and it lives out in the deeper water,
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Zato što je ovo riba koja živi u dubokoj vodi,
08:42
and because we weren't working on the bottom,
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i zato što nismo radili na dnu,
08:44
I brought along a shark cage here,
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doneo sam kavez za ajkule sa sobom,
08:46
and my friend, shark biologist Wes Pratt is inside the cage.
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i moj prijatelj, biolog za jakule Ves Prat je unutar kaveza.
08:49
You'll see that the photographer, of course, was not inside the cage here,
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Videćete da fotograf, naravno, nije bio unutar kaveza ovde,
08:52
so clearly the biologist is a little smarter than the photographer I guess.
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očigledno je biolog malo pametniji od fotografa, mislim.
08:55
And lastly with this story,
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I naposletku ove priče,
08:57
I also wanted to focus on baby sharks, shark nurseries.
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hteo sam da se fokusiram na negu beba ajkula.
09:00
And I went to the island of Bimini, in the Bahamas,
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I otišao sam na Bimini ostrvo, na Bahamima,
09:03
to work with lemon shark pups.
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da radim sa mladuncima limun ajkule.
09:05
This is a photo of a lemon shark pup,
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Ovo je fotografija mladunčeta limun ajkule
09:07
and it shows these animals where they live for the first two to three years of their lives
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koja prikazuje gde ove životinje žive prve dve tri godine svog života
09:10
in these protective mangroves.
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u ovom zaštitnom žbunju.
09:12
This is a very sort of un-shark-like photograph.
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Ovo je neka fotografija netipična za ajkule.
09:15
It's not what you typically might think of as a shark picture.
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To nije ono što biste tipično pomislili o fotografiji ajkule.
09:18
But, you know, here we see a shark that's maybe 10 or 11 inches long
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Ali, znate, ovde vidimo ajkulu dugu oko 25 možda 27 centimetara
09:21
swimming in about a foot of water.
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kako pliva u vodi dubokoj oko 30 centimetara.
09:23
But this is crucial habitat and it's where they spend the first two, three years of their lives,
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Ali ovo je ključno stanište u kojem one provode prve dve tri godine svog života,
09:26
until they're big enough to go out on the rest of the reef.
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dok ne budu dovoljno velike da odu u ostatak grebena.
09:29
After I left Bimini, I actually learned
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Nakon što sam napustio Bimini, shvatio sam ustvari
09:31
that this habitat was being bulldozed
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da je ovo stanište bilo očišćeno
09:33
to create a new golf course and resort.
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za novi golf teren i letovalište.
09:36
And other recent stories have looked at
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I druge nedavne priče ukazuju na
09:38
single, flagship species, if you will,
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jednu, vodeću vrstu, ako hoćete,
09:40
that are at risk in the ocean
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koja je u opasnosti u okeanu,
09:42
as a way of talking about other threats.
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kao način da se govori o drugim opasnostima.
09:45
One such story I did documented the leatherback sea turtle.
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Jednu takvu priču sam dokumentovao o sedmoprugoj kornjači.
09:48
This is the largest, widest-ranging,
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Ovo je najveća, najšireg raspona,
09:50
deepest-diving and oldest of all turtle species.
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najstarija vrsta kornjače u najdubljim vodama.
09:53
Here we see a female crawling
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Ovde vidimo ženku koja gmiže
09:55
out of the ocean under moonlight
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iz okeana po mesečini
09:57
on the island of Trinidad.
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na ostrvu Trinidad.
09:59
These are animals whose lineage dates back about 100 million years.
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To su životinje čije poreklo datira 100 miliona godina unazad.
10:02
And there was a time in their lifespan
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I postojalo je vreme u njihovom veku
10:04
where they were coming out of the water to nest
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kada su izlazeći iz vode da se gnezde
10:06
and saw Tyrannosaurus rex running by.
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videle tiranosaurus reksa kako trči.
10:08
And today, they crawl out and see condominiums.
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A danas, gmižu napolje i vide zgrade.
10:11
But despite this amazing longevity,
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Ali, uprkos ovoj čudesnoj dugovečnosti,
10:13
they're now considered critically endangered.
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one se sada smatraju kritično ugroženima.
10:16
In the Pacific, where I made this photograph,
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U pacifiku, gde sam napravio ovu fotografiju,
10:18
their stocks have declined about 90 percent
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njihov broj se smanjio za oko 90 posto
10:20
in the last 15 years.
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u poslednjih 15 godina.
10:22
This is a photograph that shows a hatchling
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Ovo je fotografija koja prikazuje novorođenče
10:25
about to taste saltwater for the very first time
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koje će probati slanu vodu po prvi put
10:27
beginning this long and perilous journey.
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i početi ovo dugo i opasno putovanje.
10:29
Only one in a thousand
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Samo jedno od hiljadu
10:31
leatherback hatchlings will reach maturity.
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mladunčadi ovih kornjača će dostići zrelost.
10:33
But that's due to natural predators
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Ali to je zbog prirodnih predatora
10:35
like vultures that pick them off on a beach
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poput lešinara koji ih kupe sa plaže
10:37
or predatory fish that are waiting offshore.
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ili riba predatora koje ih čekaju u blizini obale.
10:40
Nature has learned to compensate with that,
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Priroda je naučila da to nadomesti,
10:42
and females have multiple clutches of eggs
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i ženke imaju više jaja
10:44
to overcome those odds.
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kao bi prevazišle te nejednakosti.
10:46
But what they can't deal with is anthropogenic stresses,
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Ali ono sa čime ne mogu da se bore su antropogeni stresovi,
10:49
human things, like this picture that shows
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ljudske stvari, poput ove fotografije koja prikazuje
10:51
a leatherback caught at night in a gill net.
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sedmoprugu kornjaču uhvaćenu tokom noći u ribarsku mrežu.
10:54
I actually jumped in and photographed this,
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Ja sam zapravo skočio u vodu i fotografisao ovo,
10:56
and with the fisherman's permission,
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i sa ribarevom dozvolom,
10:58
I cut the turtle out, and it was able to swim free.
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oslobodio sam kornjaču i ona je mogla da pliva slobodna.
11:00
But, you know, thousands of other leatherbacks each year
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Ali, znate, hiljade sedmoprugih kornjača svake godine
11:03
are not so fortunate,
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nemaju toliko sreće,
11:05
and the species' future is in great danger.
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i budućnost vrste je u velikoj opasnosti.
11:07
Another charismatic megafauna species that I worked with
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Još jedna harizmatična velika vrsta životinje sa kojom sam radio
11:10
is the story I did on the right whale.
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je priča o crnom glatkom kitu.
11:12
And essentially, the story is this with right whales,
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I suštinski, priča o glatkim kitovima je sledeća,
11:14
that about a million years ago, there was
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pre oko milion godina, postojala je
11:16
one species of right whale on the planet,
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jedna vrsta glatkih kitova na planeti,
11:18
but as land masses moved around and oceans became isolated,
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ali kako se kopnena masa kretala i okeani postali izolovani,
11:21
the species sort of separated,
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vrsta se na neki način razdvojila,
11:23
and today we have essentially two distinct stocks.
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i danas imamo dve suštinski različite zalihe.
11:25
We have the Southern right whale that we see here
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Imamo Južnog glatkog kita kojeg vidimo ovde
11:27
and the North Atlantic right whale that we see here
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i Crnog glatkog kita kojeg vidimo ovde
11:30
with a mom and calf off the coast of Florida.
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sa majkom i mladunčetom na obali Floride.
11:32
Now, both species were hunted to the brink of extinction
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Sada, obe vrste su bile lovljene do tačke istrebljenja
11:34
by the early whalers,
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ranim brodovima za lov,
11:36
but the Southern right whales have rebounded a lot better
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ali Južni glatki kitovi su se oporavili bolje
11:38
because they're located in places
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jer se nalaze u mestima
11:40
farther away from human activity.
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udaljenim od ljudskih aktivnosti.
11:42
The North Atlantic right whale is listed as
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Crni glatki kit je klasifikovan kao
11:44
the most endangered species on the planet today
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najugroženija vrsta na planeti danas
11:46
because they are urban whales; they live along the east coast
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jer su to urbani kitovi; žive uzduž istočne obale
11:49
of North America, United States and Canada,
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Severne Amerike, Sjedinjenih Država i Kanade,
11:51
and they have to deal with all these urban ills.
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i moraju da se bore sa modernim bolestima.
11:54
This photo shows an animal popping its head out at sunset off the coast of Florida.
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Ova fotografija prikazuje životinju koja izranja glavom u sumrak na obali Floride.
11:57
You can see the coal burning plant in the background.
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Možete da vidite fabriku ugljena koja gori u pozadini.
12:00
They have to deal with things like toxins and pharmaceuticals
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Moraju da se bore sa stvarima poput otrova i lekova
12:02
that are flushed out into the ocean,
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koji se otpuštaju u okean,
12:04
and maybe even affecting their reproduction.
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i koji možda utiču na njihovu reprodukciju.
12:06
They also get entangled in fishing gear.
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Takođe bivaju upetljani u ribarske mreže.
12:08
This is a picture that shows the tail of a right whale.
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Ovo je fotografija koja prikazuje rep glatkog kita.
12:11
And those white markings are not natural markings.
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I ovi ožiljci nisu prirodni ožiljci.
12:13
These are entanglement scars.
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To su ožiljci od uplitanja.
12:15
72 percent of the population has such scars,
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72 procenta populacije ima ovakve ožiljke,
12:18
but most don't shed the gear, things like lobster traps and crab pots.
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ali većina ne rastura opremu, poput zamki za jastoge ili krabe.
12:21
They hold on to them, and it eventually kills them.
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Oni se drže za njih i na kraju ih to ubije.
12:24
And the other problem is they get hit by ships.
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A drugi problem je da oni bivaju udareni brodovima.
12:26
And this was an animal that was struck by a ship
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Ovo je životinja koja je udarena brodom
12:28
in Nova Scotia, Canada
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u Novoj Škotskoj, Kanada,
12:30
being towed in, where they did a necropsy
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koja je odvučena da se uradi autopsija
12:32
to confirm the cause of death,
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da se utvrdi uzrok smrti,
12:34
which was indeed a ship strike.
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koji zaista jeste udar broda.
12:36
So all of these ills are stacking up against these animals
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Dakle sve ove bolesti napadaju ove životinje
12:39
and keeping their numbers very low.
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i drže njihov broj vrlo niskim.
12:41
And to draw a contrast with that beleaguered North Atlantic population,
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I da napravim kontrast sa tom opkoljenom populacijom u Severnom Atlantiku,
12:44
I went to a new pristine population of Southern right whales
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otišao sam do prastare populacije Južnih glatkih kitova,
12:47
that had only been discovered about 10 years ago
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koji su otkriveni tek pre nekih 10 godina
12:49
in the sub-Antarctic of New Zealand, a place called the Auckland Islands.
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u pod-Antarktiku na Novom Zelandu, u mestu zvanom Ouklandska ostrva.
12:52
I went down there in the winter time.
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Otišao sam dole u zimskom periodu.
12:54
And these are animals that had never seen humans before,
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I ovo su životinje koje nikada ranije nisu videle čoveka.
12:56
and I was one of the first people they probably had ever seen.
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I ja sam verovatno bio jedan od prvih ljudi koje su one ikada videle.
12:58
And I got in the water with them,
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Ušao sam u vodu sa njima,
13:00
and I was amazed at how curious they were.
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i bio sam zapanjen koliko su bile radoznale.
13:02
This photograph shows my assistant standing on the bottom at about 70 feet
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Ova fotografija prikazuje mog asistenta kako stoji na dnu na oko 20 metara
13:05
and one of these amazingly beautiful, 45-foot,
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i jednog od ovih zadivljujućih prelepih, 13 metara dugih,
13:08
70-ton whales,
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70 tona teških kitova,
13:10
like a city bus just swimming up, you know.
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poput gradskog autobusa koji pliva, znate.
13:12
They were in perfect condition,
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Oni su u savršenoj formi,
13:14
very fat and healthy, robust, no entanglement scars,
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debeli i zdravi, kršni, bez ožiljaka,
13:17
the way they're supposed to look.
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onako kako treba da izgledaju.
13:19
You know, I read that the pilgrims, when they landed at Plymouth Rock
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Znate, pročitao sam da su Pilgrimi, kada su dospeli na Plimut Rok
13:21
in Massachusetts in 1620,
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u Masačusetsu 1620.,
13:23
wrote that you could walk across Cape Cod Bay
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napisali da su mogli da šetaju do Kejp Kod zaliva
13:25
on the backs of right whales.
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na leđima glatkih kitova.
13:27
And we can't go back and see that today,
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I ne možemo da se vratimo i da vidimo to danas,
13:29
but maybe we can preserve what we have left.
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ali možda možemo da očuvamo ono što je ostalo.
13:31
And I wanted to close this program with a story of hope,
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I hteo sam da završim ovaj program sa pričom nade,
13:34
a story I did on marine reserves
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pričom koju sam uradio o morskim rezervama
13:36
as sort of a solution
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kao vrsti rešenja
13:38
to the problem of overfishing, the global fish crisis story.
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za problem preteranog ribolova, čitave priče o krizi ribe.
13:41
I settled on working in the country of New Zealand
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Smestio sam se da radim na Novom Zelandu
13:43
because New Zealand was rather progressive,
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jer je Novi Zeland prilično napredan,
13:45
and is rather progressive in terms of protecting their ocean.
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prilično napredan u smisli očuvanja okeana.
13:48
And I really wanted this story to be about three things:
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I stvarno sam hteo da ova priča bude o tri stvari.
13:50
I wanted it to be about abundance,
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Hteo sam da bude o bogatstvu,
13:52
about diversity and about resilience.
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različitosti i otpornosti.
13:54
And one of the first places I worked
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I jedno od prvih mesta gde sam radio
13:56
was a reserve called Goat Island
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bio je rezervat nazvan ostrvo Gout
13:58
in Leigh of New Zealand.
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u Lejgu na Novom Zelandu.
14:00
What the scientists there told me was that
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Ono što su mi naučnici tamo rekli je
14:02
when protected this first marine reserve in 1975,
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da kada su prvi put zaštitili morske rezerve 1975.,
14:05
they hoped and expected that certain things might happen.
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nadali su se i očekivali da mogu da se dese određene stvari.
14:08
For example, they hoped that certain species of fish
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Na primer, nadali su se da će se određene vrste ribe
14:10
like the New Zealand snapper would return
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poput novozelandske grabljivice vratiti,
14:12
because they had been fished to the brink of commercial extinction.
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jer su lovljene u komercijalne svrhe do ivice istrebljenja.
14:15
And they did come back. What they couldn't predict was that other things would happen.
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I jesu se vratile. Ono što nisu mogli da predvide jesu koje druge stvari mogu da se dese.
14:18
For example, these fish
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Na primer, ove ribe
14:20
predate on sea urchins,
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jedu morske ježeve.
14:22
and when the fish were all gone,
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I kada je sva riba nestala,
14:24
all anyone ever saw underwater
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sve što je neko mogao da vidi pod vodom
14:26
was just acres and acres of sea urchins.
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jesu hektari i hektari morskih ježeva.
14:29
But when the fish came back
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Ali kada se riba vratila
14:31
and began predating and controlling the urchin population,
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i počela da se hrani i kontroliše populaciju ježeva,
14:33
low and behold, kelp forests emerged in shallow water.
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na dnu, šuma morskih algi pojavila se u plitkoj vodi.
14:36
And that's because the urchins eat kelp.
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A to je zato što ježevi jedu alge.
14:39
So when the fish control the urchin population,
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Tako da kada je riba kontrolisala populaciju ježeva,
14:42
the ocean was restored to its natural equilibrium.
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okean se vratio na svoju prirodnu ravnotežu.
14:44
You know, this is probably how the ocean looked here
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Znate, verovatno je okean ovako izgledao
14:46
one or 200 years ago, but nobody was around to tell us.
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pre sto ili 200 godina, ali nikoga nije bilo tu da nam kaže.
14:49
I worked in other parts of New Zealand as well,
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Radio sam i u drugim delovima Novog Zelanda,
14:51
in beautiful, fragile, protected areas
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u prelepim, krhkim, zaštićenim područjima
14:54
like in Fiordland, where this sea pen colony was found.
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poput Fjordlanda, gde je ova kolonija morskih žarnjaka pronađena.
14:57
Little blue cod swimming in for a dash of color.
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Mali plavi bakalar pliva za dašak boje.
15:00
In the northern part of New Zealand,
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U severnom delu Novog Zelanda,
15:02
I dove in the blue water, where the water's a little warmer,
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zaronio sam u plavu vodu, gde je voda malo toplija,
15:05
and photographed animals like this giant sting ray
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i fotografisao životinje poput ove ogromne raže
15:07
swimming through an underwater canyon.
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koja pliva kroz podvodni kanjon.
15:09
Every part of the ecosystem in this place
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Svaki deo ekosistema na ovom mestu
15:11
seems very healthy,
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izgleda vrlo zdravo,
15:13
from tiny, little animals like a nudibrank
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od sićušnih, malih životinja poput nudibranka
15:15
crawling over encrusting sponge
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koji puza preko obloženog sunđera
15:17
or a leatherjacket
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ili ove ribe koja je iz porodice šnjureva
15:19
that is a very important animal in this ecosystem
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koja je vrlo važna životinja u ekosistemu
15:21
because it grazes on the bottom and allows new life to take hold.
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jer pase dno i omogućava novom životu da se održi.
15:25
And I wanted to finish with this photograph,
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I želim da završim sa ovom fotografijom,
15:27
a picture I made on a very stormy day in New Zealand
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napravljenom vrlo olujnog dana na Novom Zelandu
15:30
when I just laid on the bottom
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tek što sam dospeo na dno
15:32
amidst a school of fish swirling around me.
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usred jata ribe koja se kovitlala oko mene.
15:34
And I was in a place that had only been protected
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A bio sam na mestu koje je zaštićeno
15:36
about 20 years ago.
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pre samo nekih 20 godina.
15:38
And I talked to divers that had been diving there for many years,
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I razgovarao sam sa roniocima koji tamo rone već godinama,
15:41
and they said that the marine life was better here today
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i oni su rekli da je pomorski život ovde bolji danas
15:43
than it was in the 1960s.
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nego što je bio 1960-ih godina.
15:45
And that's because it's been protected,
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I to je zato što je zaštićen,
15:47
that it has come back.
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zato se oporavio.
15:49
So I think the message is clear.
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Mislim da je poruka jasna.
15:51
The ocean is, indeed, resilient and tolerant to a point,
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Okean je, zaista, otporan i tolerantan do jedne mere,
15:54
but we must be good custodians.
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ali moramo biti dobri čuvari.
15:56
I became an underwater photographer
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Postao sam podvodni fotograf
15:58
because I fell in love with the sea,
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jer sam se zaljubio u more,
16:00
and I make pictures of it today because I want to protect it,
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i danas pravim fotografije jer želim da ga zaštitim,
16:03
and I don't think it's too late.
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i ne mislim da je prekasno.
16:05
Thank you very much.
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Mnogo vam hvala.
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