Brian Skerry reveals ocean's glory -- and horror

160,718 views ใƒป 2010-06-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Michael Swerdlik ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I would like to share with you this morning
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืชื›ื ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ
00:19
some stories about the ocean
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
00:21
through my work as a still photographer
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฆืœื ืกื˜ื™ืœืก
00:23
for National Geographic magazine.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง.
00:26
I guess I became an underwater photographer
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืœื ืชืช ื™ืžื™
00:28
and a photojournalist
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ื•ืฆืœื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™
00:30
because I fell in love with the sea as a child.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ ื”ืชืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื.
00:32
And I wanted to tell stories
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
00:34
about all the amazing things I was seeing underwater,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื,
00:37
incredible wildlife and interesting behaviors.
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ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช.
00:40
And after even 30 years of doing this,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื—ืจ 30 ืฉื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช,
00:42
after 30 years of exploring the ocean,
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ืื—ืจื™ 30 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืงืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
00:44
I never cease to be amazed
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ืœื ื”ืคืกืงืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ื”ื
00:46
at the extraordinary encounters that I have while I'm at sea.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืงืจื• ืœื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื™ื.
00:49
But more and more frequently these days
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœืขืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
00:51
I'm seeing terrible things underwater as well,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืจื•ืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื,
00:53
things that I don't think most people realize.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื.
00:56
And I've been compelled to turn my camera towards these issues
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆืœืžืชื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
00:59
to tell a more complete story.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:01
I want people to see what's happening underwater,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื,
01:03
both the horror and the magic.
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ืืช ื”ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืงืกื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
01:06
The first story that I did for National Geographic,
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ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง,
01:08
where I recognized the ability to include
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื–ื™ื”ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ
01:10
environmental issues within a natural history coverage,
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ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
01:13
was a story I proposed on harp seals.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœื‘ ื™ื ื”ืฆืœืฆืœ.
01:16
The story I wanted to do initially
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ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ืืฉืจ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
01:18
was just a small focus to look at the few weeks each year
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
01:21
where these animals migrate down from the Canadian arctic
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืงื ื“ื” ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ืช
01:24
to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in Canada
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ืœืžืคืจืฅ ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœื•ืจื ืก ื‘ืงื ื“ื”
01:26
to engage in courtship, mating and to have their pups.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืจ, ื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื“ ืืช ื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื.
01:29
And all of this is played out against
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข
01:31
the backdrop of transient pack ice
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ื’ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ื—ื•ืœืคื™ื
01:33
that moves with wind and tide.
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ืืฉืจ ื–ื–ื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืช.
01:35
And because I'm an underwater photographer,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืœื ืชืช ื™ืžื™,
01:37
I wanted to do this story from both above and below,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืžืขืœ ื•ืžืชื—ืช,
01:39
to make pictures like this that show one of these little pups
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ืืช ืืฉืจ ืžืจืื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
01:42
making its very first swim in the icy 29-degree water.
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ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฉื—ื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ ืงืจื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืก 2 ืžืขืœื•ืช.
01:45
But as I got more involved in the story,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื”,
01:47
I realized that there were two big environmental issues I couldn't ignore.
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœื.
01:50
The first was that these animals continue to be hunted,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ื“ื™ื,
01:53
killed with hakapiks at about eight, 15 days old.
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ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืืœื•ืช ืฆื™ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 8 ืขื“ 15 ื™ื•ื.
01:56
It actually is the largest marine mammal
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื”ื• ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
01:58
slaughter on the planet,
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ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
02:00
with hundreds of thousands of these seals being killed every year.
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ืขื ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
02:03
But as disturbing as that is,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”,
02:05
I think the bigger problem for harp seals
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœื‘ ื™ื ื”ืฆืœืฆืœ
02:07
is the loss of sea ice due to global warming.
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืงืจื— ื™ืžื™ ืขืงื‘ ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
02:09
This is an aerial picture that I made that shows
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืฉืจ ืžืจืื”
02:11
the Gulf of St. Lawrence during harp seal season.
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ืืช ืžืคืจืฅ ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœื•ืจื ืก ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื•ื ืช ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื.
02:14
And even though we see a lot of ice in this picture,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืจื— ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”,
02:16
there's a lot of water as well, which wasn't there historically.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช.
02:19
And the ice that is there is quite thin.
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ื•ื”ืงืจื— ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื“ืง ืœืžื“ื™.
02:22
The problem is that these pups need a stable platform of solid ice
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื— ืžื•ืฆืง
02:25
in order to nurse from their moms.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ื ื•ืง ืžืืžื.
02:27
They only need 12 days from the moment they're born until they're on their own.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืจืง 12 ื™ื•ื ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื.
02:30
But if they don't get 12 days,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื 12 ื™ื•ื,
02:32
they can fall into the ocean and die.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื•ืœืžื•ืช.
02:34
This is a photo that I made showing
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืฉืจ ืžืจืื”
02:36
one of these pups that's only about five or seven days old --
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ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ื’ื•ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืŸ 5 ืื• 7 ื™ื•ื --
02:38
still has a little bit of the umbilical cord on its belly --
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ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืขื ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื• --
02:40
that has fallen in because of the thin ice,
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ืืฉืจ ื ืคืœ ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ื“ืง,
02:42
and the mother is frantically trying to push it up to breathe
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ื•ื”ืื ืžื ืกื” ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื
02:45
and to get it back to stable purchase.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืœืขืžื“ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”.
02:47
This problem has continued to grow each year since I was there.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื.
02:50
I read that last year the pup mortality rate
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ืื ื™ ืงืจืืชื™, ืฉืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืžื•ืชืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื™ื
02:52
was 100 percent in parts of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
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ืขืžื“ ืขืœ 100 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืจืฅ ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ืœื•ืจื ืก.
02:55
So, clearly, this species has a lot of problems going forward.
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ืื–, ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื.
02:58
This ended up becoming a cover story at National Geographic.
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ื–ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ืช ืฉืขืจ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง.
03:01
And it received quite a bit of attention.
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
03:03
And with that, I saw the potential to begin
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ื•ืขื ื–ื”, ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
03:05
doing other stories about ocean problems.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
03:07
So I proposed a story on the global fish crisis,
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ืื– ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
03:10
in part because I had personally witnessed
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™
03:13
a lot of degradation in the ocean over the last 30 years,
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ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืขืจืš ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 30 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
03:15
but also because I read a scientific paper
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ืืœื ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืžืืžืจ ืžื“ืขื™
03:17
that stated that 90 percent of the big fish in the ocean
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ืืฉืจ ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื“ื’ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
03:20
have disappeared in the last 50 or 60 years.
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ื ืขืœืžื” ื‘50 ืื• 60 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
03:22
These are the tuna, the billfish and the sharks.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื ื”, ื“ื’ื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
03:25
When I read that, I was blown away by those numbers.
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ื•ื›ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ื–ืืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืœื ืžื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
03:27
I thought this was going to be headline news in every media outlet,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
03:30
but it really wasn't, so I wanted to do a story
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืช, ืื– ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ื”
03:33
that was a very different kind of underwater story.
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ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ืชื‘ื” ืชืช ื™ืžื™ืช.
03:36
I wanted it to be more like war photography,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืœื—ืžืชื™,
03:38
where I was making harder-hitting pictures
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ืืขืฉื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžื–ืขื–ืขื•ืช
03:40
that showed readers what was happening
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ืืฉืจ ืžืจืื•ืช ืœืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”
03:42
to marine wildlife around the planet.
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
03:44
The first component of the story that I thought was essential, however,
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ืื•ืœื, ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื”
03:47
was to give readers a sense of appreciation
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืช ืœืงื•ืจืื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืจื›ื”
03:50
for the ocean animals that they were eating.
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ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืื•ืชื ื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื.
03:52
You know, I think people go into a restaurant,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืกืขื“ื”
03:54
and somebody orders a steak, and we all know where steak comes from,
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืคื” ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข,
03:57
and somebody orders a chicken, and we know what a chicken is,
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื•ืฃ ืžื” ื”ื•ื,
04:00
but when they're eating bluefin sushi,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืกื•ืฉื™ ืžื˜ื•ื ื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื”,
04:02
do they have any sense of the magnificent animal that they're consuming?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืžืฅ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื?
04:05
These are the lions and tigers of the sea.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื.
04:08
In reality, these animals have no terrestrial counterpart;
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™.
04:10
they're unique in the world.
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ื”ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:12
These are animals that can practically swim
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฉื—ื•ืช
04:14
from the equator to the poles
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ืžืงื• ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืงื˜ื‘ื™ื
04:16
and can crisscross entire oceans in the course of a year.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”.
04:19
If we weren't so efficient at catching them, because they grow their entire life,
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ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
04:22
would have 30-year-old bluefin out there that weigh a ton.
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื” ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื ื”.
04:24
But the truth is we're way too efficient at catching them,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื,
04:27
and their stocks have collapsed worldwide.
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ื•ื”ืžืœืื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:29
This is the daily auction at the Tsukiji Fish Market
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฆื•ืงื™ื’'ื™
04:31
that I photographed a couple years ago.
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ืืฉืจ ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื.
04:33
And every single day these tuna, bluefin like this,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื ื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื”, ื›ืžื• ื–ืืช
04:36
are stacked up like cordwood,
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ื ืขืจืžืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ืœื™ ืขืฅ,
04:38
just warehouse after warehouse.
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ืžื—ืกืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžื—ืกืŸ.
04:40
As I wandered around and made these pictures,
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
04:42
it sort of occurred to me that the ocean's not a grocery store, you know.
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ื”ืชื‘ื”ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื›ื•ืœืช, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
04:45
We can't keep taking without expecting
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช
04:47
serious consequences as a result.
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ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”.
04:50
I also, with the story, wanted to show readers
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืงื•ืจื
04:52
how fish are caught, some of the methods that are used to catch fish,
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ืื™ืš ื“ื’ื™ื ื ืชืคืกื™ื, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ื“ื’ื™ื,
04:55
like a bottom trawler, which is one of the most common methods in the world.
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ื›ืžื• ืกื™ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืžื•ืจืช, ืืฉืจ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:58
This was a small net that was being used in Mexico to catch shrimp,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืฉืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืžืฉื” ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก,
05:01
but the way it works is essentially the same everywhere in the world.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื”ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:04
You have a large net in the middle
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจืฉืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข
05:06
with two steel doors on either end.
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ืขื ืฉืชื™ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืคืœื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืฆื”.
05:08
And as this assembly is towed through the water,
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ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืจื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื,
05:10
the doors meet resistance with the ocean,
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ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
05:12
and it opens the mouth of the net,
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ื•ื–ื” ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ืคื” ื”ืจืฉืช,
05:14
and they place floats at the top and a lead line on the bottom.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืคื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื•ื›ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
05:17
And this just drags over the bottom, in this case to catch shrimp.
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ื•ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื’ืจืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืฉืจื™ืžืคืกื™ื.
05:20
But as you can imagine, it's catching everything else in its path as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื” ืชื•ืคืก ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
05:23
And it's destroying that precious benthic community on the bottom,
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ื•ื”ื•ืจืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ืจื‘ืช ื”ืขืจืš ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
05:26
things like sponges and corals,
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื,
05:28
that critical habitat for other animals.
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ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:30
This photograph I made of the fisherman
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’
05:33
holding the shrimp that he caught after towing his nets for one hour.
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืฉืจื™ืžืค ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืคืก ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื”.
05:36
So he had a handful of shrimp, maybe seven or eight shrimp,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื—ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก, ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื,
05:38
and all those other animals on the deck of the boat are bycatch.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื›ืฉืœืœ ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™.
05:41
These are animals that died in the process,
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ืืœื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
05:43
but have no commercial value.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืขืจืš ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
05:45
So this is the true cost of a shrimp dinner,
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืืจื•ื—ืช ืขื ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก,
05:47
maybe seven or eight shrimp
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืจื™ืžืคืกื™ื
05:49
and 10 pounds of other animals that had to die in the process.
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ื•4.5 ืงื™ืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
05:52
And to make that point even more visual, I swam under the shrimp boat
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช, ืฉื—ื™ืชื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืžืคืก
05:55
and made this picture of the guy shoveling
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ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื•ืจืฃ
05:57
this bycatch into the sea as trash
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœืœ ื”ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื™ื ื›ืืฉืคื”
05:59
and photographed this cascade of death,
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ื•ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ืžืคืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”,
06:01
you know, animals like guitarfish, bat rays,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ื’ ื’ื™ื˜ืจืŸ, ืžื—ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ื,
06:04
flounder, pufferfish, that only an hour before,
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ื“ื’ ืกื ื“ืœ, ื ืคื•ื—ื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื”,
06:07
were on the bottom of the ocean, alive,
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ื—ื™ื™ื,
06:09
but now being thrown back as trash.
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ื ื–ืจืงื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืฉืคื”.
06:11
I also wanted to focus on the shark fishing industry
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ื™ื’ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
06:14
because, currently on planet Earth,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืจื’ืข, ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
06:16
we're killing over 100 million sharks
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžืขืœ ืœืžืื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื
06:18
every single year.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
06:20
But before I went out to photograph this component,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
06:22
I sort of wrestled with the notion of how do you make a picture of a dead shark
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ืื ื™ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืื‘ืงืชื™ ืขื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืžืช
06:25
that will resonate with readers
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ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื“ื”ื“ ืขื ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื.
06:27
You know, I think there's still a lot of people out there who think
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
06:29
the only good shark is a dead shark.
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ืฉื›ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืžืช.
06:31
But this one morning I jumped in and found this thresher
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“ ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”
06:33
that had just recently died in the gill net.
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ืืฉืจ ืžืช ืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ื™ืžื™ื.
06:35
And with its huge pectoral fins and eyes still very visible,
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ื•ืขื ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื” ื”ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช,
06:38
it struck me as sort of a crucifixion, if you will.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฆืœื™ื‘ื”, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
06:41
This ended up being the lead picture
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืš ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”
06:43
in the global fishery story in National Geographic.
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง.
06:45
And I hope that it helped readers to take notice
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื–ืจ ืœืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
06:47
of this problem of 100 million sharks.
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืžืื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
06:50
And because I love sharks -- I'm somewhat obsessed with sharks --
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื -- ื•ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื --
06:53
I wanted to do another, more celebratory, story about sharks,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™, ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื,
06:55
as a way of talking about the need for shark conservation.
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ื›ืืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
06:58
So I went to the Bahamas
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ืื– ื ืกืขืชื™ ืืœ ืื™ื™ ื‘ื”ืืžื”
07:00
because there're very few places in the world
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
07:02
where sharks are doing well these days,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื•,
07:04
but the Bahamas seem to be a place where stocks were reasonably healthy,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื”ืืžื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ืžืœืื™ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ื,
07:07
largely due to the fact that the government there
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื
07:10
had outlawed longlining several years ago.
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ืืกืจื” ืขืœ ื“ื™ื™ื’ ืžืขืจืš ื—ื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
07:12
And I wanted to show several species
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื
07:14
that we hadn't shown much in the magazine and worked in a number of locations.
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ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืจืื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
07:17
One of the locations was this place called Tiger Beach,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืงืจื ื˜ื™ื™ื’ืจ ื‘ื™ืฅ',
07:20
in the northern Bahamas where tiger sharks
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ื‘ืื™ื™ ื‘ื”ืืžื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก
07:22
aggregate in shallow water.
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ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื“ื•ื“ื™ื.
07:24
This is a low-altitude photograph that I made
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
07:26
showing our dive boat with about a dozen of these big old tiger sharks
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ื”ืžืจืื” ืืช ืกื™ืจืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขื ื‘ืขืจืš ืชืจื™ืกืจ ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:29
sort of just swimming around behind.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
07:31
But the one thing I definitely didn't want to do with this coverage
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
07:34
was to continue to portray sharks as something like monsters.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช.
07:37
I didn't want them to be overly threatening or scary.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื• ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™.
07:40
And with this photograph of a beautiful
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ื•ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
07:42
15-feet, probably 14-feet, I guess,
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4.5 ืžื˜ืจ, ื›ื ืจืื” 4.2 ืžื˜ืจ ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—,
07:44
female tiger shark,
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ืฉืœ ื ืงื‘ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก ื™ืคื”,
07:46
I sort of think I got to that goal,
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืฉื’ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื˜ืจื”,
07:49
where she was swimming with these little barjacks off her nose,
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ื” ืขื ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืขืœ ืืคื”,
07:52
and my strobe created a shadow on her face.
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ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื–ืง ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฆืจ ืฆืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”.
07:54
And I think it's a gentler picture, a little less threatening,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื™ื™ืžืช,
07:56
a little more respectful of the species.
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ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืŸ.
07:58
I also searched on this story
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”
08:00
for the elusive great hammerhead,
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืจืืฉ ื”ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื—ืžืงืžืง,
08:02
an animal that really hadn't been photographed much
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ื—ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืฆื•ืœืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”
08:04
until maybe about seven or 10 years ago.
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ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ืข ืื• ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
08:06
It's a very solitary creature.
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ื–ื”ื• ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“.
08:08
But this is an animal that's considered data deficient by science
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื—ืกืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ืข
08:11
in both Florida and in the Bahamas.
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ื’ื ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื”ืืžื”.
08:13
You know, we know almost nothing about them.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืœื•ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
08:15
We don't know where they migrate to or from,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืคื” ืื• ืœืืŸ ื”ื ื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
08:17
where they mate, where they have their pups,
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืžื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ื™ื, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืžืฉืจื™ืฆื™ื,
08:19
and yet, hammerhead populations in the Atlantic
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื˜ื™ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™
08:21
have declined about 80 percent in the last 20 to 30 years.
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ื™ืจื“ื” ื‘80 ืื—ื•ื– ื‘ 20 ื•ืขื“ ื”30 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
08:24
You know, we're losing them faster than we can possibly find them.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื.
08:27
This is the oceanic whitetip shark,
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืืจืš ื’ืฃ,
08:30
an animal that is considered the fourth most dangerous species,
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ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ,
08:32
if you pay attention to such lists.
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ืื ืืชื ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
08:34
But it's an animal that's about 98 percent in decline
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 98 ืื—ื•ื–
08:37
throughout most of its range.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื•.
08:39
Because this is a pelagic animal and it lives out in the deeper water,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืœืื’ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืงื™ื,
08:42
and because we weren't working on the bottom,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช,
08:44
I brought along a shark cage here,
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ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืขืžื™ ื›ืœื•ื‘ ืœื›ืืŸ,
08:46
and my friend, shark biologist Wes Pratt is inside the cage.
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ื”ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืก ืคืจืื˜ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื•ื‘.
08:49
You'll see that the photographer, of course, was not inside the cage here,
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ืฆืœื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื•ื‘ ื›ืืŸ,
08:52
so clearly the biologist is a little smarter than the photographer I guess.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื›ื ืžื”ืฆืœื.
08:55
And lastly with this story,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
08:57
I also wanted to focus on baby sharks, shark nurseries.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื.
09:00
And I went to the island of Bimini, in the Bahamas,
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ื•ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืื™ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื”ืืžื”,
09:03
to work with lemon shark pups.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืœื™ืžื•ื ื™.
09:05
This is a photo of a lemon shark pup,
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืฉ ืœื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
09:07
and it shows these animals where they live for the first two to three years of their lives
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืจืื” ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื
09:10
in these protective mangroves.
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ื‘ืžื ื’ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื”ื’ื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:12
This is a very sort of un-shark-like photograph.
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืœื›ืจื™ืฉ.
09:15
It's not what you typically might think of as a shark picture.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืชืžื•ื ืช ื›ืจื™ืฉ.
09:18
But, you know, here we see a shark that's maybe 10 or 11 inches long
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจืš 25 ืขื“ 28 ืก"ืž
09:21
swimming in about a foot of water.
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ืฉื•ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ 30 ืก"ืž.
09:23
But this is crucial habitat and it's where they spend the first two, three years of their lives,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื•ืฉื ื”ื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื-ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
09:26
until they're big enough to go out on the rest of the reef.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืฆืืช ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ืช.
09:29
After I left Bimini, I actually learned
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื™, ืื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืžื“ืชื™
09:31
that this habitat was being bulldozed
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ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืฉื•ื˜ื—
09:33
to create a new golf course and resort.
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืืชืจ ื ื•ืคืฉ.
09:36
And other recent stories have looked at
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ื•ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ
09:38
single, flagship species, if you will,
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื, ืื ืชืจืฆื•,
09:40
that are at risk in the ocean
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ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก
09:42
as a way of talking about other threats.
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ื›ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
09:45
One such story I did documented the leatherback sea turtle.
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ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช ืชื™ืขื“ืชื™ ืืช ืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ืœื“ื™.
09:48
This is the largest, widest-ranging,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื,
09:50
deepest-diving and oldest of all turtle species.
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ืฆื•ืœืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ื.
09:53
Here we see a female crawling
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื ืงื‘ื” ื–ื•ื—ืœืช
09:55
out of the ocean under moonlight
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืชื—ืช ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืจื—
09:57
on the island of Trinidad.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื“.
09:59
These are animals whose lineage dates back about 100 million years.
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ืืœื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉืœืฉืœืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืจืš 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”.
10:02
And there was a time in their lifespan
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
10:04
where they were coming out of the water to nest
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ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืžื™ื ืœืงื ืŸ
10:06
and saw Tyrannosaurus rex running by.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืจื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ ืจืงืก ื—ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ืจื™ืฆื”.
10:08
And today, they crawl out and see condominiums.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช.
10:11
But despite this amazing longevity,
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ืื‘ืœ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช,
10:13
they're now considered critically endangered.
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ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”.
10:16
In the Pacific, where I made this photograph,
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ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜, ืื™ืคื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช,
10:18
their stocks have declined about 90 percent
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ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืจื“ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘90 ืื—ื•ื–
10:20
in the last 15 years.
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ื‘15 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
10:22
This is a photograph that shows a hatchling
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืจืื” ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืจืง ื‘ืงืข
10:25
about to taste saltwater for the very first time
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ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื˜ืขื•ื ืžื™ ืžืœื— ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
10:27
beginning this long and perilous journey.
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ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืกืข ื”ืื•ืจืš ื•ื”ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
10:29
Only one in a thousand
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ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžืืœืฃ
10:31
leatherback hatchlings will reach maturity.
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ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื ื’ืœื“ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช.
10:33
But that's due to natural predators
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขืงื‘ ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
10:35
like vultures that pick them off on a beach
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ื›ืžื• ื ืฉืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ
10:37
or predatory fish that are waiting offshore.
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ืื• ื“ื’ื™ ื˜ืจืฃ ืืฉืจ ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
10:40
Nature has learned to compensate with that,
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืžื“ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš,
10:42
and females have multiple clutches of eggs
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ื•ืœื ืงื‘ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื
10:44
to overcome those odds.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:46
But what they can't deal with is anthropogenic stresses,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืฅ ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื,
10:49
human things, like this picture that shows
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ืžืจืื”
10:51
a leatherback caught at night in a gill net.
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ืฆื‘ ื™ื ื”ื ืชืคืก ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืจืฉืช ื“ื™ื’.
10:54
I actually jumped in and photographed this,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื–ืืช,
10:56
and with the fisherman's permission,
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ื•ืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’,
10:58
I cut the turtle out, and it was able to swim free.
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ื—ืชื›ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช, ื•ื”ืฆื‘ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
11:00
But, you know, thousands of other leatherbacks each year
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืœืคื™ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”
11:03
are not so fortunate,
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ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ.
11:05
and the species' future is in great danger.
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ื•ืขืชื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
11:07
Another charismatic megafauna species that I worked with
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ื–ืŸ ื›ืจื™ื–ืžื˜ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืžื•
11:10
is the story I did on the right whale.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœื ื™ื™ื.
11:12
And essentially, the story is this with right whales,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ืœื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”,
11:14
that about a million years ago, there was
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ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื”
11:16
one species of right whale on the planet,
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ื–ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืœื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘,
11:18
but as land masses moved around and oceans became isolated,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš ืชื–ื•ื–ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื ืขืฉื• ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
11:21
the species sort of separated,
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ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืจื“ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื”,
11:23
and today we have essentially two distinct stocks.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ ื–ื ื™ื ื ื‘ื“ืœื™ื.
11:25
We have the Southern right whale that we see here
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ
11:27
and the North Atlantic right whale that we see here
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ื•ืืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ
11:30
with a mom and calf off the coast of Florida.
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ืขื ื”ืื ื•ื”ืขื’ืœ ืœื—ื•ืคื™ ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”.
11:32
Now, both species were hunted to the brink of extinction
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื ื™ ื”ื–ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืฆื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืฃ ื”ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”
11:34
by the early whalers,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
11:36
but the Southern right whales have rebounded a lot better
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืœื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
11:38
because they're located in places
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
11:40
farther away from human activity.
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ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
11:42
The North Atlantic right whale is listed as
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ื”ื‘ืœื ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื–ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆื
11:44
the most endangered species on the planet today
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ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื
11:46
because they are urban whales; they live along the east coast
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™
11:49
of North America, United States and Canada,
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ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืงื ื“ื”,
11:51
and they have to deal with all these urban ills.
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ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
11:54
This photo shows an animal popping its head out at sunset off the coast of Florida.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืจืื” ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื• ืžื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžื•ืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”.
11:57
You can see the coal burning plant in the background.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžืคืขืœื™ ืฉืจืคืช ื”ืคื—ื ื‘ืจืงืข.
12:00
They have to deal with things like toxins and pharmaceuticals
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืจืขืœื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
12:02
that are flushed out into the ocean,
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ื”ื ืฉื˜ืคื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก,
12:04
and maybe even affecting their reproduction.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
12:06
They also get entangled in fishing gear.
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ื”ื ื’ื ืžืกืชื‘ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื“ื™ื’.
12:08
This is a picture that shows the tail of a right whale.
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ืืช ืžืจืื” ืืช ื–ื ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืœื ื™.
12:11
And those white markings are not natural markings.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.
12:13
These are entanglement scars.
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ืืœื” ืฆืœืงื•ืช ืžื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.
12:15
72 percent of the population has such scars,
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ืœ72 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืืœื” ืฆืœืงื•ืช,
12:18
but most don't shed the gear, things like lobster traps and crab pots.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื•ื‘ืกื˜ืจ ื•ืกื™ืจื™ ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื.
12:21
They hold on to them, and it eventually kills them.
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ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืื™ืชื•, ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื•ืชื.
12:24
And the other problem is they get hit by ships.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืžืกืคื™ื ื•ืช.
12:26
And this was an animal that was struck by a ship
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืข ืžืกืคื™ื ื”.
12:28
in Nova Scotia, Canada
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ื‘ื ื•ื‘ื” ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ื”, ืงื ื“ื”
12:30
being towed in, where they did a necropsy
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ื ื’ืจืจ ืคื ื™ืžื”, ืื™ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื ืชื™ื—ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ื•ืช
12:32
to confirm the cause of death,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช,
12:34
which was indeed a ship strike.
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ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื”.
12:36
So all of these ills are stacking up against these animals
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
12:39
and keeping their numbers very low.
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ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจื ื ืžื•ืš ืžืื•ื“.
12:41
And to draw a contrast with that beleaguered North Atlantic population,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
12:44
I went to a new pristine population of Southern right whales
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืงื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืœื ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื
12:47
that had only been discovered about 10 years ago
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ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื
12:49
in the sub-Antarctic of New Zealand, a place called the Auckland Islands.
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ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื”ืกืื‘ ืื ื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“, ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืงืจื ืื™ื™ ืื•ืงืœื ื“.
12:52
I went down there in the winter time.
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ื™ืจื“ืชื™ ืœืฉื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
12:54
And these are animals that had never seen humans before,
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ื•ืืœื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
12:56
and I was one of the first people they probably had ever seen.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืจืื•.
12:58
And I got in the water with them,
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ื•ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœืžื™ื ืื™ืชื,
13:00
and I was amazed at how curious they were.
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ื•ื ื“ื”ืžืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืกืงืจื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื•.
13:02
This photograph shows my assistant standing on the bottom at about 70 feet
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ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื–ื” ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ืฉืœ 21 ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš
13:05
and one of these amazingly beautiful, 45-foot,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•, 14 ืžื˜ืจ,
13:08
70-ton whales,
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ื•ืฉื•ืงืœ 70 ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช,
13:10
like a city bus just swimming up, you know.
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืจืง ืฉื•ื—ื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
13:12
They were in perfect condition,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ืฉืœื,
13:14
very fat and healthy, robust, no entanglement scars,
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ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื—ืกื•ื ื™ื, ืœืœื ืฆืœืงื•ืช ืžื”ืกืชื‘ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช,
13:17
the way they're supposed to look.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช.
13:19
You know, I read that the pilgrims, when they landed at Plymouth Rock
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืงืจืืชื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื—ืชื• ืขืœ ืกืœืข ืคืœื™ืžื•ืช',
13:21
in Massachusetts in 1620,
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ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก ื‘ืฉื ืช 1620,
13:23
wrote that you could walk across Cape Cod Bay
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ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืคืจืฅ ืงื™ื™ืค ืงื•ื“
13:25
on the backs of right whales.
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ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœื ื™ื™ื.
13:27
And we can't go back and see that today,
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ื•ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื,
13:29
but maybe we can preserve what we have left.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื ืฉืืจ.
13:31
And I wanted to close this program with a story of hope,
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืขื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
13:34
a story I did on marine reserves
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ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื™ืžื™
13:36
as sort of a solution
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ื›ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ
13:38
to the problem of overfishing, the global fish crisis story.
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ื’ ื™ืชืจ, ื›ืชื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
13:41
I settled on working in the country of New Zealand
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ื”ืชืžืงืžืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“
13:43
because New Zealand was rather progressive,
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ื›ื™ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืžื“ื™,
13:45
and is rather progressive in terms of protecting their ocean.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืžื“ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœื”ื.
13:48
And I really wanted this story to be about three things:
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื›ืชื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
13:50
I wanted it to be about abundance,
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืฉืคืข,
13:52
about diversity and about resilience.
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ืขืœ ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืŸ.
13:54
And one of the first places I worked
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ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™
13:56
was a reserve called Goat Island
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื’ื•ืื˜ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“
13:58
in Leigh of New Zealand.
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ื‘ืœื™ื™ ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“.
14:00
What the scientists there told me was that
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ื”ื•ื
14:02
when protected this first marine reserve in 1975,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ื’ื ื” ื‘-1975,
14:05
they hoped and expected that certain things might happen.
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ื”ื ืงื™ื•ื• ื•ืฆื™ืคื• ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช.
14:08
For example, they hoped that certain species of fish
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ื”ื ืงื™ื•ื• ืœืžืฉืœ, ืฉื–ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื
14:10
like the New Zealand snapper would return
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ื™, ื™ื—ื–ืจื•
14:12
because they had been fished to the brink of commercial extinction.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ื ื“ื•ื’ื• ืขื“ ืœืกืฃ ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช.
14:15
And they did come back. What they couldn't predict was that other things would happen.
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ื•ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื•. ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื•.
14:18
For example, these fish
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื“ื’ื™ื ืืœื•
14:20
predate on sea urchins,
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ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ ื™ื.
14:22
and when the fish were all gone,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื ืขืœืžื•,
14:24
all anyone ever saw underwater
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืจืื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื
14:26
was just acres and acres of sea urchins.
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ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ื•ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ ื™ื.
14:29
But when the fish came back
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื•
14:31
and began predating and controlling the urchin population,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื˜ืจื•ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื,
14:33
low and behold, kelp forests emerged in shallow water.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื•ืจืื•, ื™ืขืจ ืืฆื•ืช ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ื— ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืจื“ื•ื“ื™ื.
14:36
And that's because the urchins eat kelp.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ ื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืฆื•ืช.
14:39
So when the fish control the urchin population,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืคื•ื“ื™ื,
14:42
the ocean was restored to its natural equilibrium.
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืฉืœื•.
14:44
You know, this is probably how the ocean looked here
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื ืจืื” ื›ืืŸ
14:46
one or 200 years ago, but nobody was around to tell us.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืื• ืžืืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื ื•.
14:49
I worked in other parts of New Zealand as well,
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“ ื’ื ื›ืŸ,
14:51
in beautiful, fragile, protected areas
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื™ืคื™ื, ืฉื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื
14:54
like in Fiordland, where this sea pen colony was found.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคื™ื•ืจื“ืœื ื“, ืื™ืคื” ืฉืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฆื•ืช ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื”.
14:57
Little blue cod swimming in for a dash of color.
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ื‘ืงืœื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื•ื—ื” ืคื ื™ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื•ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื‘ืข.
15:00
In the northern part of New Zealand,
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“,
15:02
I dove in the blue water, where the water's a little warmer,
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ืฆืœืœืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื™ื,
15:05
and photographed animals like this giant sting ray
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ื•ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื˜ืจื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื–ื”
15:07
swimming through an underwater canyon.
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ื”ืฉื•ื—ื” ื“ืจืš ืงื ื™ื•ืŸ ืชืช ื™ืžื™,
15:09
Every part of the ecosystem in this place
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ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”
15:11
seems very healthy,
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ื ืจืื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืื”,
15:13
from tiny, little animals like a nudibrank
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ืžื”ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช, ื—ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ืช
15:15
crawling over encrusting sponge
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ื”ื–ื•ื—ืœืช ืžืขืœ ื”ืกืคื•ื’ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื
15:17
or a leatherjacket
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ืื• ื”ื—ื“ืงื•ืฆื™
15:19
that is a very important animal in this ecosystem
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
15:21
because it grazes on the bottom and allows new life to take hold.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืคืฉืฃ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
15:25
And I wanted to finish with this photograph,
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืชืฆืœื•ื ื”ื–ื”,
15:27
a picture I made on a very stormy day in New Zealand
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ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืกื•ืขืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“
15:30
when I just laid on the bottom
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช
15:32
amidst a school of fish swirling around me.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืกืชื—ืจืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™.
15:34
And I was in a place that had only been protected
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืžืจ ืจืง
15:36
about 20 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืฉื ื”.
15:38
And I talked to divers that had been diving there for many years,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ืฆื•ืœืœื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื,
15:41
and they said that the marine life was better here today
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:43
than it was in the 1960s.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”60.
15:45
And that's because it's been protected,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ,
15:47
that it has come back.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื•.
15:49
So I think the message is clear.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
15:51
The ocean is, indeed, resilient and tolerant to a point,
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ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื•ื, ืื›ืŸ, ืขืžื™ื“ ื•ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื™ ืขื“ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
15:54
but we must be good custodians.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
15:56
I became an underwater photographer
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ื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฆืœื ืชืช ื™ืžื™
15:58
because I fell in love with the sea,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืชืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื,
16:00
and I make pictures of it today because I want to protect it,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•,
16:03
and I don't think it's too late.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™.
16:05
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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