Your fingerprints reveal more than you think | Simona Francese

Translator: Polona Ramšak Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

Do you ever stop and think, during a romantic dinner,

Ali se med romantično večerjo kdaj ustavite in pomislite:

"I've just left my fingerprints all over my wine glass."

"Svoje prstne odtise sem pustil po vsem svojem kozarcu!"

(Laughter)

(smeh)

Or do you ever worry, when you visit a friend,

Ali pa vas kdaj skrbi, ko obiščete prijatelja

about leaving a little piece of you behind on every surface that you touch?

in za sabo pustite delček sebe na vsaki površini, ki se jo dotaknete?

And even this evening,

Celo nocoj,

have you paid any attention to sit without touching anything?

ste pozorni, da sedite, ne da bi se česa dotaknili?

Well, you're not alone.

No, niste sami.

Thankfully, criminals underestimate the power of fingerprints, too.

Na srečo tudi kriminalci podcenjujejo moč prstnih odtisov.

And I'm not just talking about the twisted parting of lines

In ne govorim le o vijugastih črtah,

that make our fingerprint unique.

ki delajo vaše prstne odtise edinstvene.

I'm talking about an entire world of information

Govorim o celem svetu informacij,

hiding in a small, often invisible thing.

ki se skriva v majhni, pogosto nevidni stvari.

In fact, fingerprints are made up of molecules

Prstni odtisi so pravzaprav zgrajeni iz molekul,

that belong to three classes:

ki pripadajo trem razredom:

sweat molecules that we all produce in very different amounts ...

molekule znoja, ki jih vsi proizvajamo v različnih količinah,

molecules that we introduce into our body and then we sweat out

molekule, ki jih vnesemo v svoje telo in jih nato izznojimo,

and molecules that we may contaminate our fingertips with

ter molekule, s katerimi lahko kontaminiramo svoje prstne konice

when we come across substances like blood, paint, grease,

v stiku s snovmi, kot so kri, barva, maščoba,

but also invisible substances.

pa tudi nevidne snovi.

And molecules are the storytellers of who we are

In molekule pripovedujejo zgodbe o tem, kdo smo

and what we've been up to.

in kaj smo storili.

We just need to have the right technology to make them talk.

Imeti moramo le pravo tehnologijo, pa spregovorijo.

So let me take you on a journey of unthinkable capabilities.

Naj vas torej popeljem na potovanje nepredstavljivih zmožnosti.

Katie has been raped

Katie je bila posiljena

and her lifeless body has been found in the woods three days later,

in njeno mrtvo telo je bilo najdeno v gozdu tri dni

after her disappearance.

po njenem izginotju.

The police is targeting three suspects,

Policija ima tri osumljence,

having narrowed down the search from over 20 men

ki jih je izločila izmed 20 moških,

who had been seen in that area on the same day.

ki so bili opaženi istega dne na tistem področju.

The only piece of evidence

Edini dokaz

is two very faint, overlapping fingerprints

sta dva zelo medla, prekrivajoča se prstna odtisa

on the tape that was found wrapped around Katie's neck.

na traku, ki so ga našli zavitega okoli Katiejinega vratu.

Often, faint and overlapping fingerprints cannot help the police

Medli in prekrivajoči se prstni odtisi policiji pogosto ne morejo pomagati

to make an identification.

pri identifikaciji.

And until recently, this might have been the end of the road,

In do nedavnega bi to lahko bil konec poti,

but this is where we can make the difference.

a tu lahko mi spremenimo stvari.

The tape is sent to our labs,

Trak pošljejo v naše laboratorije

where we're asked to use our cutting-edge technology

in nas prosijo, naj uporabimo svojo vrhunsko tehnologijo

to help with the investigation.

za pomoč pri preiskavi.

And here, we use an existing form

Tu uporabimo obstoječo obliko

of mass spectrometry imaging technology

tehnologije masne spektrometrske slikovne obdelave,

that we have further developed and adapted

ki smo jo nadalje razvili in prilagodili

specifically for the molecular and imaging analysis of fingerprints.

izrecno za molekuralno in analizo slikovne obdelave prstnih odtisov.

In essence, we fire a UV laser at the print,

V bistvu usmerimo UV laser na prstni odtis

and we cause the desorption of the molecules from the print,

in sprožimo desorbcijo molekul iz odtisa,

ready to be captured by the mass spectrometer.

ki jo ujame masni spektrometer.

Mass spectrometry measures the weight of the molecules --

Masni spektrometer meri težo molekul

or as we say, the mass --

ali, kot mi temu pravimo, maso,

and those numbers that you see there, they indicate that mass.

in tiste številke, ki jih vidite, kažejo maso.

But more crucially,

A bolj ključno je,

they indicate who those molecules are --

da kažejo, kdo so tiste molekule -

whether I'm seeing paracetamol

ali vidim paracetamol

or something more sinister, forensically speaking.

ali kaj bolj grozljivega, če se izrazim forenzično.

We applied this technology to the evidence that we have

To tehnologijo smo uporabili za dokaz, ki smo ga imeli,

and we found the presence of condom lubricants.

in našli smo prisotnost lubrikanta s kondoma.

In fact, we've developed protocols that enable us to even suggest

Pravzaprav smo razvili protokole, ki nam omogočajo, da celo predlagamo,

what brand of condom might have been used.

katere znamke kondom je bil lahko uporabljen.

So we pass this information to the police,

Te informacije posredujemo policiji,

who, meanwhile, have obtained a search warrant

ki je v vmesnem času dobila sodni nalog za preiskavo,

and they found the same brand of condom in Dalton's premises.

in našli so kondom iste znamke v Daltonovih prostorih.

And with Dalton and Thomson also having records for sexual assaults,

Ker sta Dalton in Thomson že imela kartoteko zaradi spolnega napada,

then it is Chapman that may become the less likely suspect.

je Chapman lahko postal manj verjetni osumljenec.

But is this information enough to make an arrest?

Ampak ali je ta informacija dovolj za aretacijo?

Of course not,

Seveda ne.

and we are asked to delve deeper with our investigation.

Prosijo nas, da se še bolj poglobimo v svojo preiskavo.

So we found out, also, the presence of other two very interesting molecules.

Tako smo odkrili tudi prisotnost še dveh zelo zanimivih molekul.

One is an antidepressant,

Ena je antidepresiv,

and one is a very special molecule.

druga pa zelo posebna molekula.

It only forms in your body

V vašem telesu se tvori le,

if you drink alcohol and consume cocaine at the same time.

če istočasno uživate alkohol in kokain.

And alcohol is known to potentiate the effects of cocaine,

In alkohol znano potencira učinke kokaina,

so here, we now have a hint on the state of mind

kar nam da namig o stanju duha

of the individual whilst perpetrating the crime.

posameznika, ko je zakrivil zločin.

We passed this information to the police,

To informacijo smo dali policiji

and they found out that, actually, Thomson is a drug addict,

in odkrili so, da je Thomson pravzaprav odvisnik od droge

and he also has a medical record for psychotic episodes,

in da ima tudi zdravstveno kartoteko zaradi psihotičnih epizod,

for which presumably the antidepressant was prescribed.

za katere so mu domnevno predpisali antidepresive.

So now Thomson becomes the more likely suspect.

Zdaj postane Thomson bolj verjetni storilec.

But the reality is that I still don't know where these molecules are coming from,

A resnica je, da še vedno ne vem, od kod prihajajo te molekule,

from which fingerprint,

s katerega prstnega odtisa

and who those two fingerprints belong to.

in komu oba prstna odtisa pripadata.

Fear not.

Ne bojte se.

Mass spectrometry imaging can help us further.

Masna spektrometrska slikovna obdelava nam pomaga dalje.

In fact, the technology is so powerful

Ta tehnologija je pravzaprav tako mogočna,

that we can see where these molecules are on a fingerprint.

da lahko vidimo, kje na prstnem odtisu so te molekule.

Like you see in this video,

Kot vidite v tem videu,

every single one of those peaks corresponds to a mass,

vsak izmed tistih vrhov ustreza neki masi,

every mass to a molecule,

vsaka masa neki molekuli

and we can interrogate the software, by selecting each of those molecules,

in z izbiro vsake od teh molekul lahko povprašamo našo programsko opremo,

as to where they are present on a fingermark.

kje so prisotne na prstnem odtisu.

And some images are not very revealing,

Nekatere slike ne povedo veliko,

some are better,

nekatere so boljše,

some are really good.

nekatere so res dobre.

And we can create multiple images of the same mark --

Ustvarimo lahko številne slike iste točke -

in theory, hundreds of images of the same fingerprint --

v teoriji na stotine slik istega prstnega odtisa -

for as many of the molecules that we have detected.

za toliko molekul, kolikor smo jih zaznali.

So step one ...

Korak ena, torej ...

for overlapping fingerprints, chances are,

za prekrivajoče se prstne odtise so možnosti,

especially if they come from different individuals,

še posebno, če prihajajo od različnih oseb,

that the molecular composition is not identical,

da molekularna zgradba ni identična,

so let's ask the software to visualize those unique molecules

zato prosimo programsko opremo, da vizualizira te edinstvene molekule,

just present in one fingermark and not in the other one.

prisotne le v enem prstnem odtisu, v drugem pa ne.

By doing so,

S tem

that's how we can separate the two ridge patterns.

lahko ločimo oba papilarna vzorca.

And this is really important

To je res pomembno,

because the police now are able to identify one of the two fingerprints,

ker zdaj policija lahko identificira enega od obeh prstnih odtisov,

which actually corresponds to Katie.

ki dejansko ustreza Katie.

And they've been able to say so

To so lahko rekli,

because they've compared the two separate images

ker so primerjali obe posamezni sliki

with one taken posthumously from Katie.

s tisto, po smrti odvzeto Katie.

So now, we can concentrate on one fingerprint only --

Zdaj se lahko osredotočimo samo na en prstni odtis,

that of the killer's.

morilčev.

So then, step two ...

Drugi korak ...

where are these three molecules that I've seen?

kje so te tri molekule, ki sem jih videla?

Well, let's interrogate the software -- show me where they are.

Povprašajmo programsko opremo - pokaži, kje so.

And by doing this,

S tem

only portions of the image of the killer's fingerprint show up.

se pokažejo le deli slike morilčevega prstnega odtisa.

In other words,

Z drugimi besedami,

those substances are only present in the killer's print.

tiste snovi so prisotne le v morilčevem odtisu.

So now our molecular findings start matching very nicely

Zdaj se začno molekularni izsledki zelo lepo ujemati

the police intelligence about Thomson,

s policijskimi informacijami o Thomsonu,

should that fingerprint belong to him.

če mu pripada ta prstni odtis.

But the reality is that that print is still not good enough

A resnica je, da ta prstni odtis še vedni ni dovolj dober

to make an identification.

za identifikacijo.

Step three:

Tretji korak:

since we can generate hundreds of images of the same fingerprint,

ker lahko generiramo na stotine slik istega prstnega odtisa,

why don't we superimpose them,

zakaj jih ne nadgradimo

and by doing so,

in na ta način

try to improve the rich pattern of continuity and clarity?

poskusimo izboljšati bogati vzorec kontinuitete in jasnosti?

That's the result.

To je rezultat.

Striking.

Osupljivo.

We now have a very clear image of the fingerprint

Zdaj imamo zelo jasno sliko prstnega odtisa

and the police can run it through the database.

in policija ga lahko preveri v svoji podatkovni bazi.

The match comes out to Thomson.

Ujema se s Thomsonom.

Thomson is our killer.

Thomson je naš morilec.

(Applause)

(aplavz)

Katie, the suspects and the circumstances of the crime aren't real,

Katie, osumljenci in okoliščine zločina niso resnični,

but the story contains elements

zgodba pa vsebuje elemente

of the real police casework we've been confronted with,

resničnega policijskega primera, s katerim smo bili soočeni,

and is a composite of the intelligence that we can provide --

in je skupek inteligence, ki jo lahko ponudimo,

that we have been able to provide the police.

ki smo jo lahko ponudili policiji.

And I'm really, really thrilled that after nine years of intense research,

Resnično, resnično sem navdušena, da po devetih letih intenzivnih raziskav

as of 2017,

od leta 2017 dalje

we are able to contribute to police investigations.

lahko prispevamo k policijskih preiskavam.

Mine is no longer a dream;

Moje niso več sanje,

it's a goal.

ampak cilj.

We're going to do this wider and wider,

To bomo delali širše in širše,

bigger and bigger,

večje in večje

and we're going to know more about the suspect,

in več bomo vedeli o osumljencih

and we're going to build an identikit.

in zgradili bomo fotorobota.

I believe this is also a new era for criminal profiling.

Verjamem, da smo v novi dobi profiliranja kriminalcev.

The work of the criminologist

Delo kriminologov

draws on the expert recognition of behavioral patterns

črpa iz strokovnega priznanja vedenjskih vzorcev,

that have been observed before to belong to a certain type,

ki so jih že v preteklosti pripisali določenim tipom,

to a certain profile.

določenim profilom.

As opposed to this expert but subjective evaluation,

V nasprotju s tem strokovnim, a subjektivnim vrednotenjem

we're trying to do the same thing,

poskušamo delati isto,

but from the molecular makeup of the fingerprint,

a iz molekularne sestave prstnih odtisov,

and the two can work together.

in oboje lahko dela z roko v roki.

I did say that molecules are storytellers,

Rekla sem, da so molekule pripovedovalci zgodb,

so information on your health,

zato so informacije o vašem zdravju,

your actions, your lifestyle, your routines,

vaših dejanjih, življenjskem slogu, rutinah

they're all there,

vse tu,

accessible in a fingerprint.

dostopne v prstnem odtisu.

And molecules are the storytellers of our secrets

In molekule pripovedujejo zgodbe o naših skrivnostih

in just a touch.

samo z dotikom.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Audience) Wow.

(aplavz)

(Applause)

(aplavz)