Your fingerprints reveal more than you think | Simona Francese

322,693 views ใƒป 2018-10-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jumee Lim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Haehyun Kim
00:12
Do you ever stop and think, during a romantic dinner,
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๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ์ €๋… ์‹์‚ฌ ์ค‘์— ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋“œ์‹  ์  ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:17
"I've just left my fingerprints all over my wine glass."
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โ€˜ํฌ๋„์ฃผ ์ž” ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋‚ด ์ง€๋ฌธ์ด ๋ฌป์—ˆ์–ด.'
00:20
(Laughter)
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00:21
Or do you ever worry, when you visit a friend,
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
๋˜๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์—
00:24
about leaving a little piece of you behind on every surface that you touch?
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์ž๊ธฐ ํ”์ ์ด ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์Šค๋Ÿฌ์› ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:30
And even this evening,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋…์—๋„
00:31
have you paid any attention to sit without touching anything?
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•‰์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ผ๋‚˜์š”?
00:36
Well, you're not alone.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Thankfully, criminals underestimate the power of fingerprints, too.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ, ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋ฌธ์˜ ํž˜์„ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:42
And I'm not just talking about the twisted parting of lines
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ์„ ์„
00:46
that make our fingerprint unique.
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์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
I'm talking about an entire world of information
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์ž‘๊ณ , ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ข…์ข… ๊ฐ์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:53
hiding in a small, often invisible thing.
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์ •๋ณด์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:57
In fact, fingerprints are made up of molecules
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ง€๋ฌธ์€ ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
that belong to three classes:
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01:02
sweat molecules that we all produce in very different amounts ...
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๋จผ์ €, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ๋•€ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋•€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
molecules that we introduce into our body and then we sweat out
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01:11
and molecules that we may contaminate our fingertips with
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋์— ๋ฌป์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ˜ˆ์•ก, ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์ฃ .
01:15
when we come across substances like blood, paint, grease,
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01:18
but also invisible substances.
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๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
And molecules are the storytellers of who we are
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์ด๋“ค ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์™”๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
01:26
and what we've been up to.
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01:28
We just need to have the right technology to make them talk.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
01:34
So let me take you on a journey of unthinkable capabilities.
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์ž, ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚˜๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:42
Katie has been raped
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์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ•๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
and her lifeless body has been found in the woods three days later,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ข…๋œ ์ง€ ์‚ฌํ˜์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ๋’ค์— ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์‹œ์‹ ์ด ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ฃ .
01:50
after her disappearance.
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01:52
The police is targeting three suspects,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ 3๋ช…์˜ ์šฉ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ชฉํ•˜์ฃ .
01:55
having narrowed down the search from over 20 men
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20๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์šฉ์˜์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ
01:59
who had been seen in that area on the same day.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚  ๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ์ขํ˜€์กŒ์–ด์š”.
02:02
The only piece of evidence
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋‹จ์„œ๋Š”
02:04
is two very faint, overlapping fingerprints
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๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒน์ณ์ง„ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
on the tape that was found wrapped around Katie's neck.
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์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ๋ชฉ์— ๊ฐ๊ธด ํ…Œ์ดํ”„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:13
Often, faint and overlapping fingerprints cannot help the police
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ํฌ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฒน์ณ์ง„ ์ง€๋ฌธ์€
๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์šฉ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
to make an identification.
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02:20
And until recently, this might have been the end of the road,
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๊ทธ์ „ ๊ฐ™์•˜์œผ๋ฉด ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ๋ฏธ๊ถ์— ๋น ์กŒ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
02:25
but this is where we can make the difference.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
The tape is sent to our labs,
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ํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
where we're asked to use our cutting-edge technology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ตœ์ฒจ๋‹ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋„์™€๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์š”์ฒญ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
02:34
to help with the investigation.
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02:38
And here, we use an existing form
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ์˜์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
of mass spectrometry imaging technology
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02:45
that we have further developed and adapted
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ์ง€๋ฌธ ์˜์ƒ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
02:47
specifically for the molecular and imaging analysis of fingerprints.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
In essence, we fire a UV laser at the print,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ง€๋ฌธ์— ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์ด์„œ
02:57
and we cause the desorption of the molecules from the print,
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์ง€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ํƒˆ์ฐฉ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด
03:01
ready to be captured by the mass spectrometer.
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋กœ ํฌ์ฐฉํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
Mass spectrometry measures the weight of the molecules --
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
or as we say, the mass --
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ํ”ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:11
and those numbers that you see there, they indicate that mass.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ € ์ˆซ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ธก์ •๋œ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But more crucially,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:17
they indicate who those molecules are --
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๋ฌด์—‡์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๋ผ์„ธํƒ€๋ชฐ ๋ถ„์ž์ธ์ง€
03:22
whether I'm seeing paracetamol
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03:24
or something more sinister, forensically speaking.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ฒ•์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถˆ๊ธธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
03:28
We applied this technology to the evidence that we have
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•๋ณด๋œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
03:31
and we found the presence of condom lubricants.
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์ฝ˜๋” ์œคํ™œ์œ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
In fact, we've developed protocols that enable us to even suggest
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
03:40
what brand of condom might have been used.
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์–ด๋–ค ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฝ˜๋”์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
So we pass this information to the police,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
who, meanwhile, have obtained a search warrant
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ์˜์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ถ€๋˜๊ณ 
03:50
and they found the same brand of condom in Dalton's premises.
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๋‹ฌํŠผ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ฝ˜๋”์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
And with Dalton and Thomson also having records for sexual assaults,
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๋‹ฌํŠผ๊ณผ ํ†ฐ์Šจ์€ ์„ฑํญ๋ ฅ ์ „๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
04:02
then it is Chapman that may become the less likely suspect.
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์ฒดํ”„๋งŒ์ด ์šฉ์˜์ž์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
But is this information enough to make an arrest?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์ฒดํฌํ•  ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:11
Of course not,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
04:12
and we are asked to delve deeper with our investigation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๊นŠ์ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
So we found out, also, the presence of other two very interesting molecules.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์ž 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
One is an antidepressant,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ์˜€๊ณ 
04:24
and one is a very special molecule.
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
It only forms in your body
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์˜ค์ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
04:28
if you drink alcohol and consume cocaine at the same time.
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์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์ฝ”์นด์ธ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ํก์ž…ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์ฃ .
04:32
And alcohol is known to potentiate the effects of cocaine,
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์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ์€ ์ฝ”์นด์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
so here, we now have a hint on the state of mind
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ฒ”ํ–‰์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์˜
04:41
of the individual whilst perpetrating the crime.
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๋ฒ”์ธ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
We passed this information to the police,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:48
and they found out that, actually, Thomson is a drug addict,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ†ฐ์Šจ์ด ๋งˆ์•ฝ ์ค‘๋…์ž๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ƒˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:52
and he also has a medical record for psychotic episodes,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ์งˆํ™˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๊ธฐ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
for which presumably the antidepressant was prescribed.
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์ง์ž‘๊ฑด๋Œ€ ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฐ›์•˜์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:01
So now Thomson becomes the more likely suspect.
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์ด์ œ ํ†ฐ์Šจ์ด ์šฉ์˜์ž์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์กŒ์ฃ .
05:07
But the reality is that I still don't know where these molecules are coming from,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ƒ์€ ์ง€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ ์˜จ ๊ฑด์ง€
05:12
from which fingerprint,
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05:14
and who those two fingerprints belong to.
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๋‘ ์ง€๋ฌธ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Fear not.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
05:19
Mass spectrometry imaging can help us further.
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์งˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„ ์˜์ƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆด ๋„์™€์ค„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:22
In fact, the technology is so powerful
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ
05:26
that we can see where these molecules are on a fingerprint.
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์ด ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ง€๋ฌธ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
Like you see in this video,
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
05:33
every single one of those peaks corresponds to a mass,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ •์ ์€ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
every mass to a molecule,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด์ฃ .
05:39
and we can interrogate the software, by selecting each of those molecules,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด
05:44
as to where they are present on a fingermark.
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์ง€๋ฌธ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And some images are not very revealing,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ณ 
05:52
some are better,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:53
some are really good.
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜์ฃ .
05:56
And we can create multiple images of the same mark --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋ฌธ ํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
in theory, hundreds of images of the same fingerprint --
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ง€๋ฌธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ
06:05
for as many of the molecules that we have detected.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:09
So step one ...
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ
06:12
for overlapping fingerprints, chances are,
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๊ฒน์ณ์ง„ ์ง€๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
์ง€๋ฌธ์ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์™”๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:16
especially if they come from different individuals,
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06:18
that the molecular composition is not identical,
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๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:22
so let's ask the software to visualize those unique molecules
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜ค์ง ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—” ์—†๋Š”
06:27
just present in one fingermark and not in the other one.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
By doing so,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
06:33
that's how we can separate the two ridge patterns.
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์ง€๋ฌธ์˜ ์œต๊ธฐ์„  ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๋‘˜๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And this is really important
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์ด๊ฑด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
because the police now are able to identify one of the two fingerprints,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์ด์ œ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
which actually corresponds to Katie.
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๊ทธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:49
And they've been able to say so
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜๊ฑด
06:50
because they've compared the two separate images
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2๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ง€๋ฌธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์™€ ์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌํ›„์— ์ฑ„์ทจํ•œ ์ง€๋ฌธ์„
06:53
with one taken posthumously from Katie.
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๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:56
So now, we can concentrate on one fingerprint only --
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
that of the killer's.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ด์ธ์ž์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:04
So then, step two ...
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ
07:06
where are these three molecules that I've seen?
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:10
Well, let's interrogate the software -- show me where they are.
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์ž, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์— ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์ฃ .
07:13
And by doing this,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
07:15
only portions of the image of the killer's fingerprint show up.
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์‚ด์ธ์ž์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
In other words,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ
07:22
those substances are only present in the killer's print.
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์ € ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ด์ธ์ž์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ์—๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
So now our molecular findings start matching very nicely
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ†ฐ์Šจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ์ •๋ณด์™€
07:34
the police intelligence about Thomson,
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๋งค์šฐ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
should that fingerprint belong to him.
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์ € ์ง€๋ฌธ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
07:40
But the reality is that that print is still not good enough
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ € ์ง€๋ฌธ๋งŒ์œผ๋ก 
์šฉ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
07:44
to make an identification.
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07:46
Step three:
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”
07:47
since we can generate hundreds of images of the same fingerprint,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋ฌธ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
07:54
why don't we superimpose them,
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์ง€๋ฌธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒน์ณ๋ณด๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
07:57
and by doing so,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
07:58
try to improve the rich pattern of continuity and clarity?
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์ง€๋ฌธ์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ ๋ช…๋„๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ๋ณด๋ฉด
08:02
That's the result.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
Striking.
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๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜์ฃ .
08:05
We now have a very clear image of the fingerprint
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ง€๋ฌธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
and the police can run it through the database.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€๋ฌธ์„ ๋Œ€์กฐํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
The match comes out to Thomson.
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ํ†ฐ์Šจ์˜ ์ง€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:15
Thomson is our killer.
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์‚ด์ธ์ž๋Š” ํ†ฐ์Šจ์ด์—์š”.
08:17
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:21
Katie, the suspects and the circumstances of the crime aren't real,
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์ผ€์ดํ‹ฐ, ์šฉ์˜์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์˜ ์ •ํ™ฉ๋“ค์€ ์‹ค์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
08:28
but the story contains elements
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:31
of the real police casework we've been confronted with,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๊ณ 
08:36
and is a composite of the intelligence that we can provide --
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์ •๋ณด์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
that we have been able to provide the police.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:43
And I'm really, really thrilled that after nine years of intense research,
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์ „ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 9๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋’ค์—
08:47
as of 2017,
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2017๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ
08:49
we are able to contribute to police investigations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์— ์ด๋ฐ”์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:53
Mine is no longer a dream;
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๋”๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
it's a goal.
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๋ชฉํ‘œ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:57
We're going to do this wider and wider,
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๋”์šฑ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
bigger and bigger,
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09:02
and we're going to know more about the suspect,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฉ์˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:05
and we're going to build an identikit.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชฝํƒ€์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์Œ“์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:08
I believe this is also a new era for criminal profiling.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
The work of the criminologist
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„ํ•™์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
09:14
draws on the expert recognition of behavioral patterns
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์ „์— ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ํŠน์ • ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ํŠน์ • ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์— ์†ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ํŒจํ„ด์„
09:18
that have been observed before to belong to a certain type,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํŒ๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์˜์กดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
to a certain profile.
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09:23
As opposed to this expert but subjective evaluation,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ฃผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
09:28
we're trying to do the same thing,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:30
but from the molecular makeup of the fingerprint,
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์ง€๋ฌธ์˜ ๋ถ„์ž ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:34
and the two can work together.
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๋‘˜์€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
I did say that molecules are storytellers,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:39
so information on your health,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์™€
09:42
your actions, your lifestyle, your routines,
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ํ–‰๋™, ์ƒํ™œ์–‘์‹, ์ผ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€
09:46
they're all there,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:48
accessible in a fingerprint.
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์ง€๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And molecules are the storytellers of our secrets
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๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊พผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
in just a touch.
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๋‹จ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:58
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
(Audience) Wow.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:01
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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