Jared Diamond: How societies can grow old better

125,102 views ใƒป 2013-11-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jennifer An ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sieun Lee
00:12
To give me an idea of how many of you here
0
12745
2229
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜
00:14
may find what I'm about to tell you
1
14974
2122
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค์ง€
00:17
of practical value,
2
17096
1625
์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:18
let me ask you please to raise your hands:
3
18721
2689
์†์„ ์ข€ ๋“ค์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Who here is either over 65 years old
4
21410
3567
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:24
or hopes to live past age 65
5
24977
3769
ํ˜น์€ 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:28
or has parents or grandparents who did live
6
28746
2945
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์…จ๋˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‚˜
00:31
or have lived past 65,
7
31691
1967
์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค
00:33
raise your hands please. (Laughter)
8
33658
2585
์†์„ ์ข€ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์‹œ์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:36
Okay. You are the people to whom my talk
9
36243
2154
์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜๋Š” ์ œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
00:38
will be of practical value. (Laughter)
10
38397
2434
์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:40
The rest of you
11
40831
1657
๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
00:42
won't find my talk personally relevant,
12
42488
1788
๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์—†์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:44
but I think that you will still find the subject
13
44276
1914
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€
00:46
fascinating.
14
46190
1647
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
I'm going to talk about growing older
15
47837
1632
์ €๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
00:49
in traditional societies.
16
49469
2419
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
This subject constitutes just one chapter
17
51888
2746
์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•œ ์ฑ…์—์„œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ํ•œ๋‹จ์›๋งŒ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
00:54
of my latest book, which compares
18
54634
2591
์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ
00:57
traditional, small, tribal societies
19
57225
3217
์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์„
01:00
with our large, modern societies,
20
60442
2550
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€
01:02
with respect to many topics
21
62992
1625
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
such as bringing up children,
22
64617
1859
์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์–‘์œกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•,
01:06
growing older, health, dealing with danger,
23
66476
3921
๋‚˜์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•,
01:10
settling disputes, religion
24
70397
2345
๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ, ์ข…๊ต,
01:12
and speaking more than one language.
25
72742
2791
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Those tribal societies, which constituted
26
75533
2557
์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
01:18
all human societies for most of human history,
27
78090
2985
๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์™”๋˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š”
01:21
are far more diverse than are our modern,
28
81075
3294
์ตœ๊ทผ์— ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ด๊ณ 
01:24
recent, big societies.
29
84369
2167
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
All big societies that have governments,
30
86536
2363
์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:28
and where most people are strangers to each other,
31
88899
2266
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์€
01:31
are inevitably similar to each other
32
91165
2348
์„œ๋กœ ๋น„์Šทํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ณ 
01:33
and different from tribal societies.
33
93513
2848
๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Tribes constitute thousands of natural experiments
34
96361
3311
๋ถ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
01:39
in how to run a human society.
35
99672
2549
์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ์žฅ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
They constitute experiments from which we ourselves
36
102221
2807
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„
01:45
may be able to learn.
37
105028
2402
๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Tribal societies shouldn't be scorned
38
107430
2020
๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ
01:49
as primitive and miserable,
39
109450
1736
์›์‹œ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋ฉธ์‹œํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
but also they shouldn't be romanticized
40
111186
2371
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ
01:53
as happy and peaceful.
41
113557
2217
๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
When we learn of tribal practices,
42
115774
2259
๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:58
some of them will horrify us,
43
118033
1774
๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
but there are other tribal practices which,
44
119807
2550
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
02:02
when we hear about them,
45
122357
1349
๋™๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์›Œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:03
we may admire and envy
46
123706
1947
๋ถ€์กฑ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
and wonder whether we could adopt those practices
47
125653
2224
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€
02:07
ourselves.
48
127877
2697
์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์ด์ง€์š”.
02:10
Most old people in the U.S. end up living
49
130574
3087
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€
02:13
separately from their children
50
133661
1987
์ž๋…€๋“ค๊ณผ
02:15
and from most of their friends
51
135648
1506
์–ด๋ฆด์  ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
02:17
of their earlier years,
52
137154
1692
๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
and often they live in separate retirements homes for the elderly,
53
138846
3854
์ข…์ข… ์žฅ๋…„์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์€ํ‡ด ํ›„ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์„ค์— ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
whereas in traditional societies,
54
142700
2208
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:24
older people instead live out their lives
55
144908
2834
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค๊ณผ
02:27
among their children, their other relatives,
56
147742
2166
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์นœ์ฒ™๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‰์ƒ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•œ
02:29
and their lifelong friends.
57
149908
2397
์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Nevertheless, the treatment of the elderly
58
152305
2169
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์—๋„
02:34
varies enormously among traditional societies,
59
154474
3165
๊ณ ๋ น์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ œ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
from much worse to much better
60
157639
2181
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:39
than in our modern societies.
61
159820
2958
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
02:42
At the worst extreme, many traditional societies
62
162778
2797
์ตœ์•…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋งŽ์€ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:45
get rid of their elderly
63
165575
1813
๋‹ค์Œ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
in one of four increasingly direct ways:
64
167388
3531
์ง์ ‘๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†’์€ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด,
02:50
by neglecting their elderly
65
170919
1663
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ ์†์— ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:52
and not feeding or cleaning them until they die,
66
172582
3429
์ฃฝ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตถ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์”ป๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
02:56
or by abandoning them when the group moves,
67
176011
3054
๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
02:59
or by encouraging older people to commit suicide,
68
179065
3139
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‚ดํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ฒฉ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
03:02
or by killing older people.
69
182204
3045
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
In which tribal societies do children
70
185249
2749
์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์ด
03:07
abandon or kill their parents?
71
187998
2386
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:10
It happens mainly under two conditions.
72
190384
3024
์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
One is in nomadic, hunter-gather societies
73
193408
2980
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ ๋ชฉ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ ต ์ฑ„์ง‘ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
that often shift camp
74
196388
1723
์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ๋•Œ
03:18
and that are physically incapable
75
198111
2179
๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
03:20
of transporting old people who can't walk
76
200290
3123
์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ƒํ•„ํ’ˆ์„ ์งŠ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ด์„œ
03:23
when the able-bodied younger people already
77
203413
2560
๊ฑฐ๋™์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ์€
03:25
have to carry their young children
78
205973
1935
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ
03:27
and all their physical possessions.
79
207908
2818
์—ฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
The other condition is in societies
80
210726
2164
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€
03:32
living in marginal or fluctuating environments,
81
212890
3310
๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด
03:36
such as the Arctic or deserts,
82
216200
2333
๋ณ€๋ฐฉ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ‰๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ,
03:38
where there are periodic food shortages,
83
218533
2584
์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ€์กฑ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:41
and occasionally there just isn't enough food
84
221117
1929
๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋จน์—ฌ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:43
to keep everyone alive.
85
223046
2480
์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Whatever food is available has to be reserved
86
225526
2424
์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์‹์ด๋“  ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:47
for able-bodied adults and for children.
87
227950
4325
๊ฑด์žฅํ•œ ์„ฑ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
To us Americans, it sounds horrible
88
232275
2900
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์•…ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”์ฃ .
03:55
to think of abandoning or killing
89
235175
2233
์ž์‹ ์˜ ์•„ํ”ˆ ์•„๋‚ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ์ด๋‚˜
03:57
your own sick wife or husband
90
237408
2181
์—ฐ๋กœํ•œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋ฅผ
03:59
or elderly mother or father,
91
239589
2299
๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์ธ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”.
04:01
but what could those traditional societies
92
241888
3759
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์ด
04:05
do differently?
93
245647
1483
๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:07
They face a cruel situation of no choice.
94
247130
3820
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ž”์ธํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Their old people had to do it to their own parents,
95
250950
2995
๊ทธ ๋ถ€์กฑ์˜ ์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
04:13
and the old people know
96
253945
1288
๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฅ์น  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
04:15
what now is going to happen to them.
97
255233
3151
์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
At the opposite extreme
98
258384
1814
์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ,
04:20
in treatment of the elderly, the happy extreme,
99
260198
2679
๊ณ ๋ น์ž๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋Š”
04:22
are the New Guinea farming societies
100
262877
1987
๋‰ด๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋†์—… ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
where I've been doing my fieldwork for the past 50 years,
101
264864
2997
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 50๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ์˜จ ๋ถ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
04:27
and most other sedentary traditional societies
102
267861
3247
์ด ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋„
04:31
around the world.
103
271108
2086
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
In those societies, older people are cared for.
104
273194
2948
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
They are fed. They remain valuable.
105
276142
2350
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
And they continue to live in the same hut
106
278492
2188
์ž๋…€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ค๋‘๋ง‰์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:40
or else in a nearby hut near their children,
107
280680
2687
์นœ์ฒ™๊ณผ ํ‰์ƒ์ง€๊ธฐ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ
04:43
relatives and lifelong friends.
108
283367
3899
ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
There are two main sets of reasons for this variation
109
287266
2432
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์กฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋ฅผ
04:49
among societies in their treatment
110
289698
2355
๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
04:52
of old people.
111
292053
1397
๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
The variation depends especially
112
293450
1637
ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ
04:55
on the usefulness of old people
113
295087
2270
๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ
04:57
and on the society's values.
114
297357
2713
๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:00
First, as regards usefulness,
115
300070
2323
์ฒซ์งธ, ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ ๋ฉด์—์„œ
05:02
older people continue to perform useful services.
116
302393
3455
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
One use of older people in traditional societies
117
305848
2685
์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
05:08
is that they often are still effective
118
308533
2000
ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
05:10
at producing food.
119
310533
2413
ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Another traditional usefulness of older people
120
312946
2413
๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
05:15
is that they are capable of babysitting
121
315359
3279
๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
05:18
their grandchildren,
122
318638
1694
์†์ฃผ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:20
thereby freeing up their own adult children,
123
320332
2670
๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์ธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž๋…€์˜
05:23
the parents of those grandchildren,
124
323002
1871
์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋œ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด
05:24
to go hunting and gathering food for the grandchildren.
125
324873
3473
์„ฑ์ธ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Still another traditional value of older people
126
328346
2205
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „ํ†ต์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”
05:30
is in making tools, weapons, baskets,
127
330551
2920
๋„๊ตฌ, ๋ฌด๊ธฐ, ๋ฐ”๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฐ
05:33
pots and textiles.
128
333471
1957
๋ƒ„๋น„์™€ ์„ฌ์œ  ๋“ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
In fact, they're usually the people who are best at it.
129
335428
3249
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์†œ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Older people usually are the leaders
130
338677
2768
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋“ค์€
05:41
of traditional societies,
131
341445
1849
์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž์ด๋ฉฐ
05:43
and the people most knowledgeable about politics,
132
343294
3259
์ •์น˜, ์˜ํ•™, ์ข…๊ต, ๋…ธ๋ž˜์™€ ์ถค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:46
medicine, religion, songs and dances.
133
346553
3999
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ด๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Finally, older people in traditional societies
134
350552
2452
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€
05:53
have a huge significance that would never occur
135
353004
3927
์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”
05:56
to us in our modern, literate societies,
136
356931
3676
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฌธ๋ช… ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”
06:00
where our sources of information are books
137
360607
2415
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊นจ๋‹ซ์ง€ ๋ชปํ• 
06:03
and the Internet.
138
363022
1684
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
In contrast, in traditional societies without writing,
139
364706
3423
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ธ€์ด ์—†๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
06:08
older people are the repositories of information.
140
368129
3686
๋…ธ์ธ์€ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
It's their knowledge that spells the difference
141
371815
2565
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์€
06:14
between survival and death for their whole society
142
374380
3750
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ ์ž๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
06:18
in a time of crisis caused by rare events
143
378130
3258
๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ
06:21
for which only the oldest people alive
144
381388
2595
๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
06:23
have had experience.
145
383983
2289
๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
Those, then, are the ways in which older people
146
386272
2470
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ
06:28
are useful in traditional societies.
147
388742
2903
๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
Their usefulness varies and contributes
148
391645
2562
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉฐ,
06:34
to variation in the society's treatment
149
394207
2618
๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—
06:36
of the elderly.
150
396825
2000
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
The other set of reasons for variation
151
398825
1819
๋…ธ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
06:40
in the treatment of the elderly is
152
400644
1875
๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:42
the society's cultural values.
153
402519
3235
์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
For example, there's particular emphasis
154
405754
2026
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์—๋Š”
06:47
on respect for the elderly in East Asia,
155
407780
3209
๋…ธ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฒฝ์ด ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:50
associated with Confucius' doctrine
156
410989
2911
ํšจ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ,
06:53
of filial piety, which means obedience,
157
413900
3550
์ฆ‰ ๋…ธ๋ถ€๋ชจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆœ์ข…, ์กด๊ฒฝ๊ณผ
06:57
respect and support for elderly parents.
158
417450
4094
๋ถ€์–‘๊ณผ ๊นŠ์€ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Cultural values that emphasize respect for older people
159
421544
3713
๋…ธ์ธ ๊ณต๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”
07:05
contrast with the low status of the elderly
160
425257
2817
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ง€์œ„์™€๋Š”
07:08
in the U.S.
161
428074
2162
๋Œ€์กฐ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Older Americans are at a big disadvantage
162
430236
2558
์žฅ๋…„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์ง์—๋„
07:12
in job applications.
163
432794
2113
๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•  ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ
07:14
They're at a big disadvantage in hospitals.
164
434907
2535
๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋„ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
Our hospitals have an explicit policy
165
437442
2623
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณ‘์›๋“ค์€ '์˜๋ฃŒ ์ž์›์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น๋ณ„ ํ• ๋‹น'์ด๋ผ๋Š”
07:20
called age-based allocation of healthcare resources.
166
440065
4967
๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
That sinister expression means that
167
445032
2773
์ด ๋ถˆ๊ธธํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
07:27
if hospital resources are limited,
168
447805
2206
๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ž์›์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ผ ๋•Œ,
07:30
for example if only one donor heart
169
450011
2050
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด์‹ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด
07:32
becomes available for transplant,
170
452061
2298
ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:34
or if a surgeon has time to operate
171
454359
2102
๋˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:36
on only a certain number of patients,
172
456461
2511
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ œํ•œ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—
07:38
American hospitals have an explicit policy
173
458972
2950
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ณด๋‹ค
07:41
of giving preference to younger patients
174
461922
2320
๋” ์ Š์€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ์„ ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
07:44
over older patients
175
464242
1480
๊ทœ์น™์ด ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
on the grounds that younger patients are considered
176
465722
3244
์ Š์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด ๋‚ ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:48
more valuable to society
177
468966
1817
๊ฐ€์น˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ถ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด
07:50
because they have more years of life ahead of them,
178
470783
2645
๋” ์ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„,
07:53
even though the younger patients have fewer years
179
473428
2660
์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ 
07:56
of valuable life experience behind them.
180
476088
3982
๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
There are several reasons for this low status
181
480070
2228
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„์—๋Š”
08:02
of the elderly in the U.S.
182
482298
2342
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
One is our Protestant work ethic
183
484640
3185
ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์‹ ๊ต์ ์ธ ์ง์—… ์œค๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:07
which places high value on work,
184
487825
2313
๋…ธ๋™์— ํฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:10
so older people who are no longer working
185
490138
2223
์ผ์„ ๋” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€
08:12
aren't respected.
186
492361
1983
์กด์ค‘ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:14
Another reason is our American emphasis
187
494344
2857
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š”
08:17
on the virtues of self-reliance and independence,
188
497201
3383
์ž๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๋…๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
so we instinctively look down on older people
189
500584
3069
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ
08:23
who are no longer self-reliant and independent.
190
503653
3597
๋”์ด์ƒ ์ž๋ฆฝ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
Still a third reason is our American cult of youth,
191
507250
4101
๋˜, ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:31
which shows up even in our advertisements.
192
511351
2808
์ Š์Œ ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
Ads for Coca-Cola and beer always depict
193
514159
3264
์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ์™€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜
08:37
smiling young people,
194
517423
1555
์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์ด ์›ƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:38
even though old as well as young people
195
518978
1970
์ Š์€์ด๋“ค ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค๋„
08:40
buy and drink Coca-Cola and beer.
196
520948
2322
์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ์™€ ๋งฅ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„์š”.
08:43
Just think, what's the last time you saw
197
523270
2003
์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ๋‚˜ ๋งฅ์ฃผ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ
08:45
a Coke or beer ad depicting smiling people
198
525273
2677
85์‚ด ๋‚œ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ์›ƒ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„
08:47
85 years old? Never.
199
527950
2949
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ณธ ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์—†์ง€์š”.
08:50
Instead, the only American ads
200
530899
1806
๋Œ€์‹ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ
08:52
featuring white-haired old people
201
532705
2006
๋ฐฑ๋ฐœ ๋…ธ์ธ์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
08:54
are ads for retirement homes and pension planning.
202
534711
3865
๋…ธ์ธ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ํ‡ด์ง ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Well, what has changed in the status
203
538576
2050
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
09:00
of the elderly today
204
540626
1983
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋Š”
09:02
compared to their status in traditional societies?
205
542609
3389
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:05
There have been a few changes for the better
206
545998
1870
์ข‹์€ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—†๊ณ 
09:07
and more changes for the worse.
207
547868
2205
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋” ์•…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
Big changes for the better
208
550073
1601
์ข‹์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š”
09:11
include the fact that today we enjoy
209
551674
2151
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
09:13
much longer lives,
210
553825
1984
์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ธธ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
09:15
much better health in our old age,
211
555809
2294
๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:18
and much better recreational opportunities.
212
558103
3638
์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
Another change for the better is that we now have
213
561741
2270
๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธ์ ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
09:24
specialized retirement facilities
214
564011
2840
๋…ธ๋…„์ธต ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:26
and programs to take care of old people.
215
566851
3351
ํŠนํ™”๋œ ์€ํ‡ด ์‹œ์„ค๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
Changes for the worse begin with the cruel reality
216
570202
2868
์ข‹์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
09:33
that we now have
217
573070
1689
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ์–ด๋Š๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ˜„์žฌ
09:34
more old people and fewer young people
218
574759
2574
๋…ธ๋ น ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ Š์€์ด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
09:37
than at any time in the past.
219
577333
2684
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ž”์ธํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
That means that all those old people
220
580017
1751
์ฆ‰ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด
09:41
are more of a burden on the few young people,
221
581768
2425
๋” ์ ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:44
and that each old person has less individual value.
222
584193
4486
๋…ธ์ธ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:48
Another big change for the worse in the status of the elderly
223
588679
3184
์—ฐ์žฅ์ž์˜ ์ง€์œ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฐ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
09:51
is the breaking of social ties with age,
224
591863
2677
๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋“ค์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
because older people, their children,
225
594540
1844
์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค,
09:56
and their friends,
226
596384
1316
์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘
09:57
all move and scatter independently of each other
227
597700
2850
์ผ์ƒ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ํฉ์–ด์ ธ
10:00
many times during their lives.
228
600550
2254
๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
We Americans move on the average
229
602804
1813
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:04
every five years.
230
604617
1953
5๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ด์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
Hence our older people are likely
231
606570
2031
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€
10:08
to end up living distant from their children
232
608601
2307
์ž๋…€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:10
and the friends of their youth.
233
610908
2803
๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์‚ด ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Yet another change for the worse in the status of the elderly
234
613711
3162
๋…ธ์ธ ์ง€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
is formal retirement from the workforce,
235
616873
3730
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์€ํ‡ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
carrying with it a loss of work friendships
236
620603
2750
์ด๋Š” ์ง์žฅ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์šฐ์ •๊ณผ
10:23
and a loss of the self-esteem associated with work.
237
623353
4140
์ผ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž์กด๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
Perhaps the biggest change for the worse
238
627493
2485
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ถ€์ •์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”
10:29
is that our elderly are objectively
239
629978
2873
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:32
less useful than in traditional societies.
240
632851
3162
๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ๋œ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
Widespread literacy means that they are no longer
241
636013
2963
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:38
useful as repositories of knowledge.
242
638976
2631
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ง€์‹ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
When we want some information,
243
641607
1943
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด
10:43
we look it up in a book or we Google it
244
643550
2261
๋‚˜์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:45
instead of finding some old person to ask.
245
645811
3470
์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
The slow pace of technological change
246
649281
2087
์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€
10:51
in traditional societies
247
651368
1822
์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
means that what someone learns there as a child
248
653190
2850
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด
10:56
is still useful when that person is old,
249
656040
2659
๋Š™์–ด์„œ๋„ ์œ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:58
but the rapid pace of technological change today
250
658699
3603
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:02
means that what we learn as children
251
662302
2067
์–ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
11:04
is no longer useful 60 years later.
252
664369
2890
60๋…„ ํ›„ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
And conversely, we older people are not fluent
253
667259
2379
๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€
11:09
in the technologies essential for surviving
254
669638
3034
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
11:12
in modern society.
255
672672
1971
๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
For example, as a 15-year-old,
256
674643
2173
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” 15์‚ด ๋•Œ
11:16
I was considered outstandingly good at multiplying numbers
257
676816
3590
๊ณฑ์…ˆ์„ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
because I had memorized the multiplication tables
258
680406
3195
๊ตฌ๊ตฌ๋‹จ์„ ์™ธ์› ๊ณ 
11:23
and I know how to use logarithms
259
683601
2145
๋กœ๊ทธ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:25
and I'm quick at manipulating a slide rule.
260
685746
2863
๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:28
Today, though, those skills are utterly useless
261
688609
3086
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ „ํ˜€ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์—†์–ด์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
because any idiot
262
691695
2371
์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ”๋ณด๋ผ๋„ ์ด์ œ๋Š”
11:34
can now multiply eight-digit numbers
263
694066
2358
์ž‘์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
11:36
accurately and instantly with a pocket calculator.
264
696424
3187
์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— 8์ž๋ฆฌ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Conversely, I at age 75
265
699611
2170
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 75์‚ด์ด ๋œ ์ €๋Š”
11:41
am incompetent at skills
266
701781
2664
์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š”
11:44
essential for everyday life.
267
704445
2454
๋ฌด๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
My family's first TV set in 1948
268
706899
2784
์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด 1948๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ์—๋Š”
11:49
had only three knobs that I quickly mastered:
269
709683
3053
์กฐ์ž‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ 3๊ฐœ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์–ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์ตํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
an on-off switch, a volume knob,
270
712736
2750
์ „์› ์Šค์œ„์น˜, ๋ณผ๋ฅจ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ
11:55
and a channel selector knob.
271
715486
2221
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฑ„๋„ ์„ ํƒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:57
Today, just to watch a program
272
717707
2088
์š”์ฆ˜์€ ์ œ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ์—์„œ
11:59
on the TV set in my own house,
273
719795
2456
๋ณด๊ณ ์‹ถ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
12:02
I have to operate a 41-button TV remote
274
722251
3717
41๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์ฝ˜์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
12:05
that utterly defeats me.
275
725968
1982
์ฐธ ๋‚œ๊ฐํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
I have to telephone my 25-year-old sons
276
727950
3014
25์‚ด ๋œ ์•„๋“ค๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ
12:10
and ask them to talk me through it
277
730964
2197
๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
12:13
while I try to push those wretched 41 buttons.
278
733161
4997
๊ทธ ๋”์ฐํ•œ 41๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ๋Œ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
What can we do to improve the lives of the elderly
279
738158
2647
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:20
in the U.S., and to make better use of their value?
280
740805
3454
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋”์šฑ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—๋Š” ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:24
That's a huge problem.
281
744259
1774
์ด๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ๊ณผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
In my remaining four minutes today,
282
746033
2471
๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” 4๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
12:28
I can offer just a few suggestions.
283
748504
2577
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
One value of older people is that they are
284
751081
1922
์—ฐ์žฅ์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
12:33
increasingly useful as grandparents
285
753003
3444
์›ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์†์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณด์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”
12:36
for offering high-quality childcare
286
756447
2507
์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ด
12:38
to their grandchildren, if they choose to do it,
287
758954
2653
์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
as more young women enter the workforce
288
761607
2849
์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ Š์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:44
and as fewer young parents of either gender
289
764456
2334
์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์–ด๋Š์ชฝ๋„ ์ Š์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:46
stay home as full-time caretakers of their children.
290
766790
3660
์ง‘์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
12:50
Compared to the usual alternatives
291
770450
2036
๋ˆ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋ณด์œก์›๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๋•Œ
12:52
of paid babysitters and day care centers,
292
772486
3598
์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ์œก์•„์˜ ์œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ž๋ฉฐ,
12:56
grandparents offer superior, motivated,
293
776084
3127
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ ๊ทน์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ
12:59
experienced child care.
294
779211
2688
๋ณด์œก์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
They've already gained experience from raising their own children.
295
781899
3266
์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์Œ“์•˜๊ณ ,
13:05
They usually love their grandchildren,
296
785165
2344
๋ณดํ†ต ์†์ž ์†๋…€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:07
and are eager to spend time with them.
297
787509
2665
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
Unlike other caregivers,
298
790174
1901
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์šฐ๋ฏธ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
13:12
grandparents don't quit their job
299
792075
2897
์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋†’์€ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:14
because they found another job with higher pay
300
794972
2436
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ
13:17
looking after another baby.
301
797408
3513
๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
A second value of older people is paradoxically
302
800921
2404
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”
13:23
related to their loss of value
303
803325
2661
๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๊ณผ
13:25
as a result of changing world conditions and technology.
304
805986
4073
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ƒ์‹ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
At the same time, older people have gained
305
810059
2036
๋น ๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ
13:32
in value today precisely because
306
812095
2311
๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ
13:34
of their unique experience of living conditions
307
814406
3109
์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ด์•„๋ดค๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
that have now become rare
308
817515
1719
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
because of rapid change, but that could come back.
309
819234
3310
์˜ˆ์ „๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
For example, only Americans now in their 70s
310
822544
2954
๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ 70๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์ธ
13:45
or older today can remember
311
825498
2260
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค๋งŒ์ด
13:47
the experience of living through a great depression,
312
827758
3328
๋Œ€๊ณตํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€
13:51
the experience of living through a world war,
313
831086
2638
์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:53
and agonizing whether or not
314
833724
2546
์›์ž ํญํƒ„์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
13:56
dropping atomic bombs would be more horrible
315
836270
3037
ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‘๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ธ์ง€
13:59
than the likely consequences of not dropping atomic bombs.
316
839307
4113
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
Most of our current voters and politicians
317
843420
2276
ํ˜„์žฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ๊ถŒ์ž์™€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€
14:05
have no personal experience of any of those things,
318
845696
2732
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
14:08
but millions of older Americans do.
319
848428
2695
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:11
Unfortunately, all of those terrible situations
320
851123
2651
๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ค์€
14:13
could come back.
321
853774
1387
๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
Even if they don't come back,
322
855161
1306
๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
14:16
we have to be able to plan for them
323
856467
2192
๋งŒ์ผ์„ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
14:18
on the basis of the experience of what they were like.
324
858659
2811
๊ทธ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Older people have that experience.
325
861470
1834
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
Younger people don't.
326
863304
2053
์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
The remaining value of older people
327
865357
1520
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด
14:26
that I'll mention involves recognizing that
328
866877
2443
๋…ธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”
14:29
while there are many things that older people
329
869320
2580
๋”์ด์ƒ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด
14:31
can no longer do,
330
871900
1606
๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋˜ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
14:33
there are other things that they can do
331
873506
1489
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
14:34
better than younger people.
332
874995
2095
๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
A challenge for society is to make use of those things
333
877090
2896
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋„์ „ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ
14:39
that older people are better at doing.
334
879986
2472
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Some abilities, of course, decrease with age.
335
882458
3249
์ผ๋ถ€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ฐํ‡ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
Those include abilities at tasks
336
885707
2638
์ฒด๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ ฅ,
14:48
requiring physical strength and stamina,
337
888345
3571
์•ผ๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋‚ด์—์„œ
14:51
ambition, and the power of novel reasoning
338
891916
3124
์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:55
in a circumscribed situation,
339
895040
2425
๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
such as figuring out the structure of DNA,
340
897465
2588
DNA์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ๋“ฑ์€
15:00
best left to scientists under the age of 30.
341
900053
3901
30์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
Conversely, valuable attributes
342
903954
1649
๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋‚˜์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:05
that increase with age include experience,
343
905603
3546
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜,
15:09
understanding of people and human relationships,
344
909149
3013
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด,
15:12
ability to help other people
345
912162
2291
์ž์กด์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
15:14
without your own ego getting in the way,
346
914453
2428
ํƒ€์ธ์„ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
and interdisciplinary thinking about large databases,
347
916881
3525
๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๋น„๊ต ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
15:20
such as economics and comparative history,
348
920406
2825
ํ•™์ œ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ
15:23
best left to scholars over the age of 60.
349
923231
3214
60์„ธ ์ด์ƒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
Hence older people are much better than younger people
350
926445
2472
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฐ์žฅ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด
15:28
at supervising, administering, advising,
351
928917
3971
๊ฐ๋…, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ์ƒ๋‹ด,
15:32
strategizing, teaching, synthesizing,
352
932888
3482
์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ, ๊ต์œก, ์ข…ํ•ฉ์  ๋ถ„์„,
15:36
and devising long-term plans.
353
936370
2706
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
I've seen this value of older people
354
939076
2020
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š”
15:41
with so many of my friends in their 60s,
355
941096
2572
60๋Œ€, 70๋Œ€, 80๋Œ€, 90๋Œ€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
15:43
70s, 80s and 90s,
356
943668
1990
์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ €์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
who are still active as investment managers,
357
945658
3285
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋กœ, ๋†๋ถ€, ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์™€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ
15:48
farmers, lawyers and doctors.
358
948943
3013
์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
In short, many traditional societies
359
951956
2130
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š”
15:54
make better use of their elderly
360
954086
2113
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณด๋‹ค
15:56
and give their elderly more satisfying lives
361
956199
3110
๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
15:59
than we do in modern, big societies.
362
959309
2850
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค๋„ ๋” ๋งŒ์กฑ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
Paradoxically nowadays,
363
962159
1865
์—ญ์„ค์ ์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
16:04
when we have more elderly people than ever before,
364
964024
2926
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ์ธ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
16:06
living healthier lives and with better medical care
365
966950
2721
๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ
16:09
than ever before,
366
969671
1486
๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
16:11
old age is in some respects more miserable
367
971157
2707
๋™์‹œ์— ๋…ธ๋…„์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
16:13
than ever before.
368
973864
1767
๋” ๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
The lives of the elderly are widely recognized
369
975631
2422
๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
16:18
as constituting a disaster area
370
978053
2767
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ
16:20
of modern American society.
371
980820
2533
์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
We can surely do better by learning
372
983353
1681
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜
16:25
from the lives of the elderly
373
985034
1875
๊ณ ๋ น์ž๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ
16:26
in traditional societies.
374
986909
2012
๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
But what's true of the lives of the elderly
375
988921
1942
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต์‚ฌํšŒ ๋…ธ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€
16:30
in traditional societies
376
990863
1464
์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜
16:32
is true of many other features
377
992327
1695
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค๊ณผ๋„
16:34
of traditional societies as well.
378
994022
2594
์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:36
Of course, I'm not advocating that we all give up
379
996616
2589
๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„
16:39
agriculture and metal tools
380
999205
2115
๋†์—…์™€ ๊ธˆ์† ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
16:41
and return to a hunter-gatherer lifestyle.
381
1001320
3084
์ˆ˜๋ ต ์ฑ„์ง‘ ์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
There are many obvious respects
382
1004404
1544
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…
16:45
in which our lives today are far happier
383
1005948
2479
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์€ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
16:48
than those in small, traditional societies.
384
1008427
3062
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๋ฉด๋„ ๋งŽ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:51
To mention just a few examples,
385
1011489
1706
๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
16:53
our lives are longer, materially much richer,
386
1013195
2970
์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ณ 
16:56
and less plagued by violence
387
1016165
2283
๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํ’์กฑํ•˜๋ฉฐ
16:58
than are the lives of people in traditional societies.
388
1018448
3228
ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋„ ๋” ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:01
But there are also things to be admired
389
1021676
2528
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
17:04
about people in traditional societies,
390
1024204
2142
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ ๋ชจํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
17:06
and perhaps to be learned from them.
391
1026346
2319
์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ฐฐ์šธ๋งŒํ•œ ์ ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
Their lives are usually socially much richer
392
1028665
2591
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์€ ๋น„๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ๋ณด๋‹ค
17:11
than our lives,
393
1031256
1592
๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„
17:12
although materially poorer.
394
1032848
2292
์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํ’์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:15
Their children are more self-confident,
395
1035140
2952
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
17:18
more independent, and more socially skilled
396
1038092
2594
๋” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ
17:20
than are our children.
397
1040686
2336
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ๋” ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
They think more realistically about dangers than we do.
398
1043022
3743
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
17:26
They almost never die of diabetes, heart disease,
399
1046765
3529
๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜, ๋‡Œ์กธ์ฆ ๋ฐ
17:30
stroke, and the other noncommunicable diseases
400
1050294
3234
๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋น„์ „์—ผ์„ฑ ์งˆ๋ณ‘, ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
17:33
that will be the causes of death of almost
401
1053528
2512
์‚ฌ๋ง ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค๋กœ
17:36
all of us in this room today.
402
1056040
3086
์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:39
Features of the modern lifestyle predispose us to those diseases,
403
1059126
4010
ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
17:43
and features of the traditional lifestyle
404
1063136
2234
์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
17:45
protect us against them.
405
1065370
2507
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:47
Those are just some examples of what we can learn
406
1067877
2159
์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์„
17:50
from traditional societies.
407
1070036
2288
๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:52
I hope that you will find it as fascinating
408
1072324
1887
์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ
17:54
to read about traditional societies
409
1074211
2409
์ €๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ
17:56
as I found it to live in those societies.
410
1076620
2703
์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
Thank you.
411
1079323
2180
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
(Applause)
412
1081503
4447
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7