Georgette Mulheir: The tragedy of orphanages

43,030 views ใƒป 2012-11-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jong woo Hong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:16
Across Europe and Central Asia,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ค‘์•™์•„์‹œ์•„๊นŒ์ง€
00:19
approximately one million children live in large
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๋Œ€๋žต ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
00:21
residential institutions, usually known as orphanages.
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ํ”ํžˆ๋“ค ๊ณ ์•„์›์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:25
Most people imagine orphanages as a benign environment
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ์•„์›์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ด์ฃผ๋Š”
00:28
that care for children.
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์ข‹์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
Others know more about the living conditions there,
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๊ณ ์•„์›์˜ ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
00:33
but still think they're a necessary evil.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•„์š”์•…์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:36
After all, where else would we put all of those children
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์„
00:39
who don't have any parents?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋””์— ๋งก๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:41
But 60 years of research has demonstrated
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 60๋…„๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด์˜จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
00:45
that separating children from their families
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:47
and placing them in large institutions
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์— ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:49
seriously harms their health and development,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
and this is particularly true for young babies.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:56
As we know, babies are born
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
00:58
without their full muscle development,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ทผ์œก์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
01:01
and that includes the brain.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋‡Œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ 
01:02
During the first three years of life, the brain grows
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‚ผ๋…„๋™์•ˆ, ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:05
to its full size, with most of that growth taking place
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:08
in the first six months. The brain develops
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ž๊ทน์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:11
in response to experience and to stimulation.
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:14
Every time a young baby learns something new --
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค --
01:18
to focus its eyes,
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๊ฐ€๋ น ๋ˆˆ์˜ ์ด›์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜
01:19
to mimic a movement or a facial expression,
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ํ–‰๋™์ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์ •์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
01:22
to pick something up, to form a word or to sit up --
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์•‰์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
01:26
new synaptic connections are being built in the brain.
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๋‡Œ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋ƒ…์Šค(์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ถ€)๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:30
New parents are astonished by the rapidity of this learning.
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น ๋ฅธ ํ•™์Šต ์†๋„์— ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:34
They are quite rightly amazed and delighted by their children's cleverness.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•จ์— ๋†€๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ๊ฒฉํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:39
They communicate their delight to their children,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ 
01:41
who respond with smiles,
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์ด์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ์†Œ์™€
01:43
and a desire to achieve more and to learn more.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ์˜์ง€๋กœ ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:47
This forming of the powerful attachment between child and parent
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ž์‹ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์€
01:51
provides the building blocks for physical, social,
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์‹ ์ฒด, ์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ, ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ธ์ง€๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ
01:54
language, cognitive and psychomotor development.
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์ •์‹ ์šด๋™์  ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ถง๋Œ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
It is the model for all future relationships with friends,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž, ์ž์‹๊ณผ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š”
02:02
with partners and with their own children.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:05
It happens so naturally in most families
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ์—
02:08
that we don't even notice it. Most of us are unaware
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:11
of its importance to human development and, by extension,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
to the development of a healthy society.
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ง€๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”
02:17
And it's only when it goes wrong that we start to realize
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์— ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ
02:20
the importance of families to children.
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๊ฐ€์ •์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:23
In August, 1993, I had my first opportunity to witness
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1993๋…„ 8์›”, ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋Œ๋ด„์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:27
on a massive scale the impact on children
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€
02:31
of institutionalization and the absence of parenting.
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
Those of us who remember the newspaper reports
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1989๋…„ ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„ ํ˜๋ช… ์ดํ›„์— ๋ณด๋„๋œ
02:38
that came out of Romania after the 1989 revolution
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์‹ ๋ฌธ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
02:41
will recall the horrors of the conditions in some of those institutions.
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๋ณด์œก์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์ฐธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:45
I was asked to help the director of a large institution to
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ํฐ ๋ณด์œก์›์˜ ์›์žฅ๋‹˜์„ ๋„์™€
02:48
help prevent the separation of children from their families.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํž˜์จ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:52
Housing 550 babies, this was Ceausescu's show orphanage,
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550๋ช…์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ  ์ฐจ์šฐ์…ฐ์Šค์ฟ ์˜ ์ „์‹œ์šฉ ๊ณ ์•„์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:56
and so I'd been told the conditions were much better.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์–‘ํ˜ธํ•  ํŽธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง๋„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:59
Having worked with lots of young children, I expected
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๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
03:02
the institution to be a riot of noise,
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๋ณด์œก์›์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šธ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:04
but it was as silent as a convent.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜๋…€์›๋งŒํผ ์กฐ์šฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
03:06
It was hard to believe there were any children there at all,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์ฃ 
03:09
yet the director showed me into room after room,
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๋ณด์œก์›์žฅ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์„ ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:12
each containing row upon row of cots,
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๋ฐฉ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•„๊ธฐ ์นจ๋Œ€๋“ค์ด ์ค„์ค„์ด ๋Š˜์–ด์„œ ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”
03:15
in each of which lay a child staring into space.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ์นจ๋Œ€๋งˆ๋‹ค ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„์›Œ ํ—ˆ๊ณต์„ ์‘์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”
03:21
In a room of 40 newborns, not one of them was crying.
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๋งˆํ”๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ“๋‚œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•œ๋ช…๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:25
Yet I could see soiled nappies, and I could see
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ €๋Š” ๋”๋Ÿฌ์›Œ์ง„ ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:27
that some of the children were distressed,
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ดด๋กœ์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”
03:28
but the only noise was a low, continuous moan.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์†Œ์Œ์€ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์‹ ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:32
The head nurse told me proudly,
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์ˆ˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”
03:34
"You see, our children are very well-behaved."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์˜ˆ์˜๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
03:38
Over the next few days, I began to realize
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๊ทธํ›„ ๋ช‡์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ ๋ง‰์ด ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„
03:40
that this quietness was not exceptional.
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
The newly admitted babies would cry for the first few hours,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ์˜จ ์•„๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์šธ์–ด๋Œˆ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
03:46
but their demands were not met, and so eventually
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
03:48
they learned not to bother. Within a few days,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:51
they were listless, lethargic, and staring into space
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ช‡์ผ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํž˜์ด ์—†๊ณ  ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅํ•ด์ง€๋ฉฐ
03:54
like all the others.
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ํ—ˆ๊ณต์„ ์‘์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:56
Over the years, many people and news reports
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ธ๋ก ์€
03:59
have blamed the personnel in the institutions
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์ด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์˜ ์ง์›๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:01
for the harm caused to the children, but often, one member
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์ง“์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„  ์ง์› ํ•œ๋ช…๋‹น
04:04
of staff is caring for 10, 20, and even 40 children.
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์—ด๋ช…, ์Šค๋ฌด๋ช… ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋งˆํ”๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
Hence they have no option but to implement a regimented program.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
The children must be woken at 7 and fed at 7:30.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ 7์‹œ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ 7์‹œ ๋ฐ˜์— ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:17
At 8, their nappies must be changed, so a staff member
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8์‹œ์—” ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง์› ํ•œ๋ช…์ด 30๋ถ„์ด๋ž€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์•ˆ์—
04:19
may have only 30 minutes to feed 10 or 20 children.
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์—ด๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์Šค๋ฌด๋ช… ์ •๋„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:22
If a child soils its nappy at 8:30, he will have to wait
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ 8์‹œ ๋ฐ˜์— ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋”๋ŸฝํžŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„
04:26
several hours before it can be changed again.
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๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:29
The child's daily contact with another human being
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ค‘์— ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€
04:32
is reduced to a few hurried minutes of feeding and changing,
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๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ถ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์ฃ 
04:36
and otherwise their only stimulation is the ceiling,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ž๊ทน์€
04:39
the walls or the bars of their cots.
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์ฒœ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒฝ ํ˜น์€ ์š”๋žŒ ๋ฐ›์นจ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:43
Since my first visit to Ceausescu's institution,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์šฐ์„ธ์Šค์ฟ ์˜ ๋ณด์œก์›์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ
04:46
I've seen hundreds of such places across 18 countries,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒด์ฝ”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๊นŒ์ง€
04:49
from the Czech Republic to Sudan.
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18๊ฐœ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ณด์œก์›์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:52
Across all of these diverse lands and cultures,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ
04:55
the institutions, and the child's journey through them,
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๋ณด์œก์›๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์€
04:58
is depressingly similar.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ์œ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
Lack of stimulation often leads to self-stimulating behaviors
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์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ž๊ทน์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:04
like hand-flapping, rocking back and forth,
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์†์„ ํŽ„๋Ÿญ์ธ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€ ๋ชธ์„ ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ํ”๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์—์š”
05:07
or aggression, and in some institutions, psychiatric drugs
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:11
are used to control the behavior of these children,
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์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:14
whilst in others, children are tied up to prevent them
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฌถ์–ด
05:16
from harming themselves or others.
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์žํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:19
These children are quickly labeled as having disabilities
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚™์ธ์ฐํ˜€
05:21
and transferred to another institution for children with disabilities.
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์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๋“ค ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณด์œก์›์œผ๋กœ ์ด์†ก์กฐ์น˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:25
Most of these children will never leave the institution again.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋ณด์œก์›์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:29
For those without disabilities, at age three,
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์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
05:32
they're transferred to another institution, and at age seven,
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์„ธ์‚ด์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด์†ก๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ผ๊ณฑ์‚ด์—๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:34
to yet another. Segregated according to age and gender,
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๋‚˜์ด์™€ ์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:38
they are arbitrarily separated from their siblings,
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์ œ๋ฉ‹๋Œ€๋กœ ํ˜•์ œ๋‚˜ ์ž๋งค๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
often without even a chance to say goodbye.
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์ž‘๋ณ„ ์ธ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋‚ผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:45
There's rarely enough to eat. They are often hungry.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋“œ๋ฌผ์–ด์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋Š˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ํ”•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:47
The older children bully the little ones. They learn to
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๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ดด๋กญํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:50
survive. They learn to defend themselves, or they go under.
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์ƒ์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตด๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:53
When they leave the institution, they find it really difficult
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์œก์›์„ ๋– ๋‚ ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:57
to cope and to integrate into society.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์œตํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ค์šด์ง€ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:00
In Moldova, young women raised in institutions
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๋ชฐ๋„๋ฐ”์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด์œก์›์—์„œ ์ž๋ž€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด
06:04
are 10 times more likely to be trafficked than their peers,
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๋˜๋ž˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์ธ์‹ ๋งค๋งค๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ์—ด ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋” ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:08
and a Russian study found that two years after leaving institutions,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ณด์œก์›์„ ๋– ๋‚œ ํ›„ 2๋…„ ๋’ค
06:12
young adults, 20 percent of them had a criminal record,
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20%๋Š” ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
06:16
14 percent were involved in prostitution,
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14%๋Š” ์„ฑ ๋งค๋งค์— ์—ฐ๋ฃจ๋˜๊ณ 
06:19
and 10 percent had taken their own lives.
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10%๋Š” ์ž์‚ด์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
But why are there so many orphans in Europe
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ,์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ช‡๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „์Ÿ์ด๋‚˜ ์žฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„
06:26
when there hasn't been a great deal of war or disaster in recent years?
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์•„๋“ค์ด ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:30
In fact, more than 95 percent of these children have living parents,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ 95% ์ด์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
and societies tend to blame these parents
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ
06:37
for abandoning these children, but research shows that
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์งˆ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ
06:40
most parents want their children, and that the primary drivers
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋Š” ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:43
behind institutionalization
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์ž์‹์„ ๋ณด์œก์›์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ œ์ผ ํฐ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:45
are poverty, disability and ethnicity.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ, ์žฅ์•  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
Many countries have not developed inclusive schools,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ํŠน์ˆ˜์ง์—… ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”
06:52
and so even children with a very mild disability
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•œ ์ •๋„์˜ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ์•“๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„
06:55
are sent away to a residential special school,
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์—ฌ์„ฏ์‚ด์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ณฑ์‚ด์—
06:58
at age six or seven.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
The institution may be hundreds of miles away from the family home.
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ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งˆ์ผ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:04
If the family's poor, they find it difficult to visit,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง‘์•ˆ ์‚ฌ์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉด ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์šธํ…Œ๊ณ 
07:06
and gradually the relationship breaks down.
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(๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ์ž์‹๊ฐ„์˜) ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ ์  ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ ธ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:10
Behind each of the million children in institutions,
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๋ณด์œก์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋’ค์—๋Š”
07:14
there is usually a story of parents who are desperate
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋น„์ฐธํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:17
and feel they've run out of options, like Natalia in Moldova,
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชฐ๋„๋ฐ”์˜ ๋‚˜ํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”
07:23
who only had enough money to feed her baby,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ์˜ ๋ˆ์ด ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:25
and so had to send her older son to the institution;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์•„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์œก์›์— ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:28
or Desi, in Bulgaria, who looked after her four children
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฐ์‹œ๋„ ์‚ฌ์ •์€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚จํŽธ์ด ์ฃฝ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€
07:31
at home until her husband died,
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์ง‘์—์„œ ๋„ค๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
but then she had to go out to work full time,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ง€์›๋„ ์—†์ด ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํ’€ํƒ€์ž„์œผ๋กœ ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:36
and with no support, felt she had no option
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œก์›์— ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—”
07:38
but to place a child with disabilities in an institution;
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:42
or the countless young girls too terrified to tell their parents
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๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์ž„์‹ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ์ž ์•„์ด๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
they're pregnant, who leave their babies in a hospital;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค;
07:49
or the new parents, the young couple who have
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ํ˜น์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒซ ์•„์ด์— ์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ
07:52
just found out that their firstborn child has a disability,
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์ƒˆ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์ปคํ”Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:56
and instead of being provided with positive messages
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:59
about their child's potential, are told by the doctors,
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์ž์‹์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ๋Š”์ปค๋…•
08:02
"Forget her, leave her in the institution,
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"๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์žŠ์œผ์„ธ์š”, ๋ณด์œก์›์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
08:05
go home and make a healthy one."
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”" ๋”ฐ์œ„์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:08
This state of affairs is neither necessary nor is it inevitable.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ , ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Every child has the right to a family, deserves
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:15
and needs a family, and children are amazingly resilient.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒํผ ํšŒ๋ณต๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:19
We find that if we get them out of institutions and into loving
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์œก์›์—์„œ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
08:22
families early on, they recover their developmental delays,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ง€์—ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜์—ฌ
08:25
and go on to lead normal, happy lives.
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์ •์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:28
It's also much cheaper to provide support to families
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ •์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์œก์›์— ์ง€์›์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:32
than it is to provide institutions.
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๋” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ํŽธ์ด์ฃ 
08:34
One study suggests that a family support service
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ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€
08:38
costs 10 percent of an institutional placement,
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๋ณด์œก์› ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ 10% ์ •๋„๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:40
whilst good quality foster care
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ํ•œํŽธ ์–‘์งˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ง€์› ์ œ๋„๋Š”
08:43
costs usually about 30 percent.
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30% ์ •๋„๋ฐ–์— ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:46
If we spend less on these children but on the right services,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰์ œ๋„์— ๋” ํˆฌ์žํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:49
we can take the savings and reinvest them in high quality
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋” ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ข€ ๋” ์ง‘์ค‘์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”
08:53
residential care for those few children with extremely complex needs.
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๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด์•„์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ œ๋„์— ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:57
Across Europe, a movement is growing to shift the focus
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜
09:02
and transfer the resources from large institutions
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋ณด์œก์›๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:05
that provide poor quality care to community-based services
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ณต์ง€์ œ๋„์—
09:09
that protect children from harm and allow them to develop
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์ด›์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:11
to their full potential. When I first started to work in Romania
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 20์—ฌ๋…„ ์ „, ๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ
09:15
nearly 20 years ago, there were 200,000 children living
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๋ณด์œก์›์—๋Š” 20๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:19
in institutions, and more entering every day.
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๋งค์ผ๋งค์ผ ๋” ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:23
Now, there are less than 10,000, and
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—” ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งŒ ๋ช…๋„ ์ฑ„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:25
family support services are provided across the country.
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๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์—ญ์—์„  ๊ฐ€์ • ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:28
In Moldova, despite extreme poverty and the terrible effects
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๋ชฐ๋„๋ฐ”์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทน๋„์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
09:32
of the global financial crisis, the numbers of children
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๋ณด์œก์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
09:35
in institutions has reduced by more than 50 percent
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์ง€๋‚œ 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ ์ค„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:38
in the last five years, and the resources are being
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ง€์›์€
09:41
redistributed to family support services and inclusive schools.
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๊ฐ€์ • ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰ ์ œ๋„์™€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ง์—… ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ์žฌ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:46
Many countries have developed national action plans for change.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณ„ํš์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:49
The European Commission and other major donors
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œ„์›ํšŒ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ€์ž๋“ค์€
09:51
are finding ways to divert money from institutions
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๋ณด์œก์›๋Œ€์‹  ๊ฐ€์ • ์ง€์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
09:55
towards family support, empowering communities
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
09:58
to look after their own children.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
But there is still much to be done to end the systematic
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ด€๋ก€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์‹œ์„ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
10:03
institutionalization of children.
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๋๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ์•„์ง๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:06
Awareness-raising is required at every level of society.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธต์—์„œ ์˜์‹ ๊ณ ์–‘ ์šด๋™์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:09
People need to know the harm that institutions cause to children,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์œก์›์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ
10:12
and the better alternatives that exist.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:15
If we know people who are planning to support orphanages,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•„์›์— ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:18
we should convince them to support family services instead.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ • ์ง€์› ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ›„์›ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:22
Together, this is the one form of child abuse
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ฝ‘์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:26
that we could eradicate in our lifetime.
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์•„๋™ ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:29
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:31
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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