Comics belong in the classroom | Gene Luen Yang

85,171 views ใƒป 2018-06-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoonyoung Chang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Min-Hyeok Lee
00:12
When I was in the fifth grade,
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5ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š”
00:14
I bought an issue of "DC Comics Presents #57"
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โ€œ์›”๊ฐ„ DC ์ฝ”๋ฏน์Šค 57ํ˜ธโ€๋ฅผ ์ƒ€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
off of a spinner rack at my local bookstore,
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๋™๋„ค ์„œ์ ์˜ ํšŒ์ „ ์ง„์—ด๋Œ€์— ์ „์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:21
and that comic book changed my life.
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๊ทธ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์ด ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
The combination of words and pictures did something inside my head
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๊ธ€๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ ์†์—์„œ ๋’ค์„ž์ด๋ฉฐ
00:28
that had never been done before,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:30
and I immediately fell in love with the medium of comics.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งŒํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋งค์ฒด์™€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
I became a voracious comic book reader,
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์ €๋Š” ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์˜ ์—ดํ˜ˆ ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:37
but I never brought them to school.
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ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ„ ์ ์€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Instinctively, I knew that comic books didn't belong in the classroom.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:44
My parents definitely were not fans,
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์…จ๊ณ 
00:47
and I was certain that my teachers wouldn't be either.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
After all, they never used them to teach,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
00:52
comic books and graphic novels were never allowed during silent sustained reading,
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์ž์œจ๋…์„œ ํ™œ๋™์— ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ”์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ—ˆ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
and they were never sold at our annual book fair.
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๋งค๋…„ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๋„์„œ์ „์—์„œ๋„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ํŒ”๋ฆฐ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:59
Even so, I kept reading comics,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ๋ดค๊ณ 
01:02
and I even started making them.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Eventually I became a published cartoonist,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ๋งŒํ™” ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:07
writing and drawing comic books for a living.
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๋งŒํ™” ์ง‘ํ•„๊ณผ ์ž‘ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
I also became a high school teacher.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ง์—…๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
01:12
This is where I taught:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์€
01:14
Bishop O'Dowd High School in Oakland, California.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์ฃผ ์˜คํด๋žœ๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์ˆ ์˜ค๋‹ค์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
I taught a little bit of math and a little bit of art,
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์ง€๋งŒ
01:19
but mostly computer science,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค์ฃ .
01:21
and I was there for 17 years.
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๊ทธ ํ•™๊ต์— 17๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
When I was a brand new teacher,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์ฐธ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:25
I tried bringing comic books into my classroom.
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
I remember telling my students on the first day of every class
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์ฒซ ์ˆ˜์—… ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:31
that I was also a cartoonist.
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01:33
It wasn't so much that I was planning to teach them with comics,
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๋งŒํ™”๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:36
it was more that I was hoping comics would make them think that I was cool.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๋” ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์–ด ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:42
I was wrong.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
01:43
This was the '90s,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋Š” 90๋…„๋Œ€์˜€๊ณ 
01:45
so comic books didn't have the cultural cachet that they do today.
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์€ ์š”์ฆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:50
My students didn't think I was cool. They thought I was kind of a dork.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋ฐ”๋ณด ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:54
And even worse, when stuff got hard in my class,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ˆ˜์—… ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์•„์ง€๋ฉด
01:57
they would use comic books as a way of distracting me.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:00
They would raise their hands and ask me questions like,
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์†์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:02
"Mr. Yang, who do you think would win in a fight,
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โ€œ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ์Šˆํผ๋งจ๊ณผ ํ—ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉด
02:05
Superman or the Hulk?"
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ธธ๊นŒ์š”?โ€
02:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:07
I very quickly realized I had to keep my teaching and my cartooning separate.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋งŒํ™” ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:12
It seemed like my instincts in fifth grade were correct.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 5ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ ๋Š๊ผˆ๋˜ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ด ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
02:16
Comic books didn't belong in the classroom.
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์€ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
02:19
But again, I was wrong.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋˜, ์ €๋Š” ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
A few years into my teaching career,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ง์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„
02:23
I learned firsthand the educational potential of comics.
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๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ต์œก์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
One semester, I was asked to sub for this Algebra 2 class.
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์ €๋Š” ํ•œ ํ•™๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ 2 ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋Œ€์ฒด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์š”์ฒญ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
I was asked to long-term sub it, and I said yes, but there was a problem.
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์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:36
At the time, I was also the school's educational technologist,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ต์œก์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:40
which meant every couple of weeks
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2์ฃผ์— ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ์€
02:42
I had to miss one or two periods of this Algebra 2 class
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๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ 2 ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•œ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋น ์ ธ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:45
because I was in another classroom helping another teacher
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ™œ๋™์„
02:48
with a computer-related activity.
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๋„์™€์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
For these Algebra 2 students, that was terrible.
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๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ 2 ์ˆ˜๊ฐ•์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:53
I mean, having a long-term sub is bad enough,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‚˜์œ๋ฐ
02:56
but having a sub for your sub? That's the worst.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๊ต์‚ฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋น ์ง„๋‹ค? ์ตœ์•…์ด์ฃ .
03:00
In an effort to provide some sort of consistency for my students,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๊ด€์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—… ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ
03:04
I began videotaping myself giving lectures.
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜ผ์ž ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…นํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
I'd then give these videos to my sub to play for my students.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ฒด๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์˜์ƒ์„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ‹€์–ด์ฃผ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:10
I tried to make these videos as engaging as possible.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก ์˜์ƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
I even included these little special effects.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž‘์€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:17
For instance, after I finished a problem on the board,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์น ํŒ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
03:20
I'd clap my hands,
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์†๋ผ‰์„ ์น˜๋ฉด
03:21
and the board would magically erase.
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์‹ ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์น ํŒ์ด ์ง€์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:25
I thought it was pretty awesome.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:28
I was pretty certain that my students would love it,
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์ €๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์™„์ „ ํ™•์‹ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
but I was wrong.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‹€๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
03:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:33
These video lectures were a disaster.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์ตœ์•…์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
I had students coming up to me and saying things like,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐพ์•„์™€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
โ€œ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ์‹ค์ œ ์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ์ง€๋ฃจํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:39
"Mr. Yang, we thought you were boring in person,
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03:41
but on video, you are just unbearable."
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์˜์ƒ ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ชป ์ฐธ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.โ€
03:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:46
So as a desperate second attempt, I began drawing these lectures as comics.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์—… ๊ต์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒํ™”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:51
I'd do these very quickly with very little planning.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰์— ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
I'd just take a sharpie, draw one panel after the other,
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๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ ํ•œ ์žฅ์”ฉ ๊ทธ๋ ค ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
03:57
figuring out what I wanted to say as I went.
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๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ด์•˜์ฃ .
03:59
These comics lectures would come out
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์ด ํ•™์Šต ๋งŒํ™”๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋“  4-6์žฅ์˜ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
to anywhere between four and six pages long,
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04:03
I'd xerox these, give them to my sub to hand to my students.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋ˆ  ์ฃผ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:08
And much to my surprise,
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„
04:11
these comics lectures were a hit.
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์ œ ํ•™์Šต ๋งŒํ™”๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
My students would ask me to make these for them
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„
04:17
even when I could be there in person.
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๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
It was like they liked cartoon me more than actual me.
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์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์ €๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŒํ™”์˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
04:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:26
This surprised me, because my students are part of a generation
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ž€ ์„ธ๋Œ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:30
that was raised on screens,
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04:32
so I thought for sure they would like learning from a screen
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
better than learning from a page.
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์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:38
But when I talked to my students
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉฐ
04:39
about why they liked these comics lectures so much,
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ํ•™์Šต ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ
04:43
I began to understand the educational potential of comics.
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๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ต์œก์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
First, unlike their math textbooks,
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:50
these comics lectures taught visually.
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ํ•™์Šต ๋งŒํ™”๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Our students grow up in a visual culture,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:55
so they're used to taking in information that way.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:58
But unlike other visual narratives,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์„œ์ˆ  ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค
05:01
like film or television or animation or video,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์˜ํ™”, TV, ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜, ๋น„๋””์˜ค์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
05:05
comics are what I call permanent.
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๋งŒํ™”๋Š” ์†Œ์œ„ ์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
In a comic, past, present and future all sit side by side on the same page.
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๋งŒํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ, ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
This means that the rate of information flow
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์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€
05:17
is firmly in the hands of the reader.
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ํ™•๊ณ ํžˆ ๋…์ž์˜ ์†์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
When my students didn't understand something in my comics lecture,
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ํ•™์Šต ๋งŒํ™”์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ดํ•ด ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
05:25
they could just reread that passage as quickly or as slowly as they needed.
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ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜น์€ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
It was like I was giving them a remote control over the information.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์ปจ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
The same was not true of my video lectures,
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์ œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
05:36
and it wasn't even true of my in-person lectures.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
When I speak, I deliver the information as quickly or slowly as I want.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜น์€ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ• ์ง€๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:44
So for certain students and certain kinds of information,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•™์ƒ์ธ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ์ •๋ณด์ธ์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
05:47
these two aspects of the comics medium, its visual nature and its permanence,
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๋งŒํ™” ๋งค์ฒด์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด
05:52
make it an incredibly powerful educational tool.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
When I was teaching this Algebra 2 class,
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™ 2๋ฐ˜ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
05:58
I was also working on my master's in education at Cal State East Bay.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ ์ด์ŠคํŠธ ๋ฒ ์ด์—์„œ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์„์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
And I was so intrigued by this experience that I had with these comics lectures
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์ด ํ•™์Šต ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ํฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๊ปด์„œ
06:06
that I decided to focus my final master's project on comics.
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์ œ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์„์‚ฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒํ™”์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
I wanted to figure out why American educators
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์™œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก์ž๋“ค์ด ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:14
have historically been so reluctant to use comic books in their classrooms.
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์ˆ˜์—…์— ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ๊บผ๋ ธ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Here's what I discovered.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Comic books first became a mass medium in the 1940s,
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์€ 1940๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:24
with millions of copies selling every month,
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๋งค๋‹ฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ถŒ์ด ํŒ”๋ ธ์ฃ .
06:27
and educators back then took notice.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ต์œก์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
A lot of innovative teachers began bringing comics into their classrooms
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๋งŽ์€ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:33
to experiment.
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06:34
In 1944, the "Journal of Educational Sociology"
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1944๋…„, โ€œ๊ต์œก ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™ ์ €๋„โ€์—์„œ๋Š”
06:38
even devoted an entire issue to this topic.
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์ „์ฒด ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
Things seemed to be progressing.
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ „์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
06:44
Teachers were starting to figure things out.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์€ ์š”๋ น์„ ์ตํ˜€๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
But then along comes this guy.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
06:49
This is child psychologist Dr. Fredric Wertham,
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์•„๋™ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ธ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ๋ฆญ ์›จ๋‹ด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š”
06:53
and in 1954, he wrote a book called "Seduction of the Innocent,"
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1954๋…„์— ๊ทธ์˜ ์ €์„œ์ธ โ€œ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์—์˜ ์œ ํ˜นโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์—์„œ
06:57
where he argues that comic books cause juvenile delinquency.
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:03
He was wrong.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ํ‹€๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
Now, Dr. Wertham was actually a pretty decent guy.
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๋ญ, ์›จ๋‹ด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์‹์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
He spent most of his career working with juvenile delinquents,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๊ณ 
07:10
and in his work he noticed that most of his clients read comic books.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:15
What Dr. Wertham failed to realize was in the 1940s and '50s,
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์›จ๋‹ด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
07:19
almost every kid in America read comic books.
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1940๋…„, 50๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
Dr. Wertham does a pretty dubious job of proving his case,
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์›จ๋‹ด ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:26
but his book does inspire the Senate of the United States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒ์›์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ €์„œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด
07:30
to hold a series of hearings
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒญ๋ฌธํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
to see if in fact comic books caused juvenile delinquency.
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07:36
These hearings lasted for almost two months.
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์ด ์ฒญ๋ฌธํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋‹ค ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์—†์ด ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
They ended inconclusively, but not before doing tremendous damage
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€์ค‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์˜ ํ‰ํŒ๋งŒ
07:44
to the reputation of comic books in the eyes of the American public.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:48
After this, respectable American educators all backed away,
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์กด๊ฒฝ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก์ž๋“ค์€ ๋’ค๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
07:52
and they stayed away for decades.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
It wasn't until the 1970s
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1970๋…„์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ
07:55
that a few brave souls started making their way back in.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:59
And it really wasn't until pretty recently,
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์ •๋ง ์ตœ๊ทผ์—์„œ์•ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
maybe the last decade or so,
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์•„๋งˆ ์•ฝ 10๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:03
that comics have seen more widespread acceptance
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์„ ์ข€ ๋” ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ž๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์ด
08:06
among American educators.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Comic books and graphic novels are now finally making their way
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ”์ด ์ œ ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์•„
08:12
back into American classrooms
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์ˆ˜์—… ํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
08:13
and this is even happening at Bishop O'Dowd, where I used to teach.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋น„์ˆ ์˜ค๋‹ค์šฐ๋“œ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
Mr. Smith, one of my former colleagues,
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์ €์˜ ์ „ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€
08:19
uses Scott McCloud's "Understanding Comics"
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์Šค์บ‡ ๋งฅํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์˜ โ€œ๋งŒํ™”์˜ ์ดํ•ดโ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ์˜ํ™” ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
in his literature and film class, because that book gives his students
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:26
the language with which to discuss the relationship between words and images.
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๋‹จ์–ด์™€ ์˜์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ† ๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
Mr. Burns assigns a comics essay to his students every year.
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๋ฒˆ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋งค๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŒํ™” ์ˆ˜ํ•„ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
By asking his students to process a prose novel using images,
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์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์“ฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์„œ
08:39
Mr. Burns asks them to think deeply
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
not just about the story
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์ž์ฒด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
08:44
but also about how that story is told.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:47
And Ms. Murrock uses my own "American Born Chinese"
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๋จธ๋ฝ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถœํŒํ•œ โ€œ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธโ€์„
08:50
with her English 1 students.
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์˜์–ด 1 ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
For her, graphic novels
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ”์€
08:53
are a great way of fulfilling a Common Core Standard.
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ํ•„์ˆ˜๊ณผ๋ชฉ ๊ทœ์ •์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
The Standard states that students ought to be able to analyze
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๊ต๊ณผ ๊ทœ์ •์—๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ, ์–ด์กฐ, ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์—
09:00
how visual elements contribute to the meaning, tone and beauty of a text.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:06
Over in the library, Ms. Counts has built a pretty impressive
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์นด์šด์ธ  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋น„์ˆ ์˜ค๋‹ค์šฐ๋“œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต๋งŒ์˜
09:10
graphic novel collection for Bishop O'Dowd.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ” ์„œ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Now, Ms. Counts and all of her librarian colleagues
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์ด์ œ ์นด์šด์ธ  ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์„œ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€
09:15
have really been at the forefront of comics advocacy,
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋งŒํ™” ์˜นํ˜ธ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์•ž์žฅ์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
really since the early '80s, when a school library journal article
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80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ ์ดํ›„๋กœ, ํ•™๊ต ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ํ•™ํšŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
09:22
stated that the mere presence of graphic novels in the library
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ”์„ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•ด๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„
09:26
increased usage by about 80 percent
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๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ด์šฉ์œจ์ด 80% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:29
and increased the circulation of noncomics material
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๋งŒํ™” ์™ธ ์„œ์ ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜๋„ ์•ฝ 30% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
by about 30 percent.
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09:35
Inspired by this renewed interest from American educators,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก์ž์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„
09:38
American cartoonists are now producing more explicitly educational content
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
09:43
for the K-12 market than ever before.
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์ดˆ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚ด๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:46
A lot of this is directed at language arts,
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–ธ์–ด ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:49
but more and more comics and graphic novels
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์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ”์ด
09:51
are starting to tackle math and science topics.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
STEM comics graphics novels really are like this uncharted territory,
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๊ณผํ•™, ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ณตํ•™, ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๋งŒํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ”์€
์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ํƒํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ์˜์—ญ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
ready to be explored.
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10:01
America is finally waking up to the fact
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋„ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ๊ณ 
10:04
that comic books do not cause juvenile delinquency.
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…์ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:09
That they really do belong in every educator's toolkit.
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๋งŒํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต์œก์ž์˜ ๊ต์œก ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
10:13
There's no good reason to keep comic books and graphic novels
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๋งŒํ™”์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋…ธ๋ธ”์„ ์ดˆ์ค‘๋“ฑ ๊ต์œก์— ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
out of K-12 education.
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10:19
They teach visually,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ฉฐ
10:21
they give our students that remote control.
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๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์ปจ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
The educational potential is there
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๋งŒํ™”์˜ ๊ต์œก์  ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด
10:27
just waiting to be tapped
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
by creative people like you.
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10:31
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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