Fiorenzo Omenetto: Silk, the ancient material of the future

41,041 views ・ 2011-05-11

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Bianca Lee κ²€ν† : Jimin Lee
00:15
Thank you.
0
15260
2000
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
I'm thrilled to be here.
1
17260
2000
이 μžλ¦¬μ— μ„œκ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ ν₯λΆ„λ˜λŠ”κ΅°μš”.
00:19
I'm going to talk about a new, old material
2
19260
3000
μ €λŠ” 였늘 κΈ°μ‘΄ 직물의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
that still continues to amaze us,
3
22260
2000
이 것은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ 우리λ₯Ό λ†€λžκ²Œν•˜κ³ ,
00:24
and that might impact the way we think
4
24260
2000
μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 우리의 재료 κ³Όν•™, 첨단 κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•œ
00:26
about material science, high technology --
5
26260
3000
생각에 영ν–₯을 쀄 지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
and maybe, along the way,
6
29260
2000
그리고, μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄, 그와 λ™μ‹œμ—.
00:31
also do some stuff for medicine and for global health and help reforestation.
7
31260
3000
μ˜ν•™λΆ„μ•Όμ™€ 세계보건에도 μ‚¬μš©λ˜κ³ , μˆ²μ„ λ‹€μ‹œ κ°€κΎΈλŠ” 데 도움을 쀄 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
So that's kind of a bold statement.
8
34260
2000
μ’€ λŒ€λ‹΄ν•œ 말인 것 κ°™κ΅°μš”.
00:36
I'll tell you a little bit more.
9
36260
2000
더 이야기해 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
This material actually has some traits that make it seem almost too good to be true.
10
38260
3000
이 직물은 믿을 수 없을 만큼 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
It's sustainable; it's a sustainable material
11
41260
2000
이것은 지속성이 λ›°μ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€; 이 직물은
00:43
that is processed all in water and at room temperature --
12
43260
2000
λ¬Όκ³Ό μ‹€μ˜¨μ—μ„œ κ°€κ³΅λ˜κ³ 
00:45
and is biodegradable with a clock,
13
45260
2000
μ‹œκ°„μ— 따라 μžμ—°λΆ„ν•΄λ˜λ―€λ‘œ,
00:47
so you can watch it dissolve instantaneously in a glass of water
14
47260
3000
λ¬Ό ν•œμ»΅μœΌλ‘œ μ¦‰μ‹œ λ…Ήκ±°λ‚˜, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λͺ‡λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ΄λ‚˜
00:50
or have it stable for years.
15
50260
2000
μ§€μ†ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
It's edible; it's implantable in the human body
16
52260
2000
먹을 수 있고, μ–΄λ– ν•œ λ©΄μ—­ λ°˜μ‘ 없이
00:54
without causing any immune response.
17
54260
2000
μ‚¬λžŒ λͺΈμ— μ£Όμž…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
It actually gets reintegrated in the body.
18
56260
2000
사싀 λͺΈ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ ν†΅ν•©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
And it's technological,
19
58260
2000
κΈ°μˆ μ μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•΄μ„œ,
01:00
so it can do things like microelectronics,
20
60260
2000
마이크둜 μ „μž κ³΅ν•™μ΄λ‚˜ λΉ› κ΄€λ ¨ κΈ°μˆ μ—λ„
01:02
and maybe photonics do.
21
62260
2000
μ‚¬μš©λ  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
And the material
22
64260
2000
κ·Έ 직물은
01:06
looks something like this.
23
66260
3000
μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
In fact, this material you see is clear and transparent.
24
69260
3000
사싀, 이것은 λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 투λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
The components of this material are just water and protein.
25
72260
3000
이 직물의 ꡬ성 μš”μ†ŒλŠ” λ¬Όκ³Ό λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
So this material is silk.
26
75260
3000
λ°”λ‘œ μ‹€ν¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
So it's kind of different
27
78260
2000
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ 싀크에 λŒ€ν•΄
01:20
from what we're used to thinking about silk.
28
80260
2000
μƒκ°ν•œ κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 것이죠.
01:22
So the question is, how do you reinvent something
29
82260
2000
λ¬Έμ œλŠ”, μ˜€μ²œλ…„μ΄λ‚˜ 된 것을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ
01:24
that has been around for five millennia?
30
84260
3000
λ‹€μ‹œ 발λͺ…ν•˜λŠλƒ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
The process of discovery, generally, is inspired by nature.
31
87260
3000
발견의 과정은, 일반적으둜, μžμ—°μ—μ„œ μ–»κ²Œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
And so we marvel at silk worms --
32
90260
2000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λˆ„μ—λ₯Ό 보고 놀라움을 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€ –
01:32
the silk worm you see here spinning its fiber.
33
92260
3000
μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄μ‹œλŠ” λˆ„μ—λŠ” μ„¬μœ μ§ˆμ„ λ°©μ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
The silk worm does a remarkable thing:
34
95260
2000
λˆ„μ—λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ 일을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€:
01:37
it uses these two ingredients, protein and water,
35
97260
2000
λˆ„μ—λŠ” 직접 λ¬Όκ³Ό λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ λΆ„λΉ„ν•΄,
01:39
that are in its gland,
36
99260
2000
μžμ‹ μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ
01:41
to make a material that is exceptionally tough for protection --
37
101260
3000
λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ νŠΌνŠΌν•œ λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€ –
01:44
so comparable to technical fibers
38
104260
2000
μΌ€λΈ”λŸ¬(Kevlar)같은
01:46
like Kevlar.
39
106260
2000
기술적인 μ„¬μœ μ™€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜κ²Œ 말이죠.
01:48
And so in the reverse engineering process
40
108260
2000
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이미 μ•Œκ³  있고
01:50
that we know about,
41
110260
2000
이미 μ΅μˆ™ν•œ
01:52
and that we're familiar with,
42
112260
2000
역곡학을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
01:54
for the textile industry,
43
114260
2000
μ„¬μœ  산업은
01:56
the textile industry goes and unwinds the cocoon
44
116260
3000
λˆ„μ— 고치λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ ν’€μ–΄μ„œ
01:59
and then weaves glamorous things.
45
119260
2000
맀λ ₯적인 것을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
We want to know how you go from water and protein
46
121260
2000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ¬Όκ³Ό λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ—μ„œ 이 μ•‘μ²΄μƒνƒœμ˜,
02:03
to this liquid Kevlar, to this natural Kevlar.
47
123260
3000
μ²œμ—° μΌ€λΈ”λŸ¬λ‘œ κ°€λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³ μ‹Άμ–΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
So the insight
48
126260
2000
μ •ν™•νžˆλŠ”
02:08
is how do you actually reverse engineer this
49
128260
3000
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이것을 μ—­μ„€κ³„ν•΄μ„œ,
02:11
and go from cocoon to gland
50
131260
2000
λˆ„μ—κ³ μΉ˜μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ„œ
02:13
and get water and protein that is your starting material.
51
133260
3000
뢄비선을 거쳐 μ‹œμž‘ 물질인 λ¬Όκ³Ό λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ μ–»μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ”κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
And this is an insight
52
136260
2000
이 톡찰λ ₯은
02:18
that came, about two decades ago,
53
138260
2000
ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•œ 것이 ν–‰μš΄μ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”
02:20
from a person that I'm very fortunate to work with,
54
140260
4000
20λ…„μ „λΆ€ν„° ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν•΄μ˜¨ 데이빗 μΉ΄ν”Œλž€μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
02:24
David Kaplan.
55
144260
3000
온 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
And so we get this starting material.
56
147260
2000
μ—¬κΈ° μ‹œμž‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
And so this starting material is back to the basic building block.
57
149260
3000
이 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ λ‹€μ‹œ κΈ°λ³Έ ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
And then we use this to do a variety of things --
58
152260
2000
그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:34
like, for example, this film.
59
154260
2000
β€“μ˜ˆλ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ ν•„λ¦„μ—μš”.
02:36
And we take advantage of something that is very simple.
60
156260
2000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무척 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μž₯점을 μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
The recipe to make those films
61
158260
2000
이 필름을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법은
02:40
is to take advantage of the fact
62
160260
2000
λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ 그듀이 ν•˜λŠ” 일을
02:42
that proteins are extremely smart at what they do.
63
162260
2000
ꡉμž₯히 μ˜λ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 점을 μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
They find their way to self-assemble.
64
164260
2000
λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ 슀슀둜 μ‘°λ¦½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
So the recipe is simple: you take the silk solution, you pour it,
65
166260
3000
방법은 κ°„λ‹¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€: 싀크 μš©μ•‘μ„ 가지고, λΆ€μ–΄μ„œ,
02:49
and you wait for the protein to self-assemble.
66
169260
2000
λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ 슀슀둜 μ‘°λ¦½ν•˜κΈΈ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦¬λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
And then you detach the protein and you get this film,
67
171260
3000
그리고 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ λΆ„λ¦¬ν•˜λ©΄ 이 필름을 μ–»λŠ”κ±°μ£ .
02:54
as the proteins find each other as the water evaporates.
68
174260
3000
물이 μ¦λ°œν•¨μ— 따라 λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
But I mentioned that the film is also technological.
69
177260
2000
사싀 필름 λ˜ν•œ 기술적인 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
And so what does that mean?
70
179260
2000
무슨 λ§μ΄λƒκ³ μš”?
03:01
It means that you can interface it
71
181260
3000
제 말은 κΈ°μˆ μ—μ„  μ „ν˜•μ μΈ,
03:04
with some of the things that are typical of technology,
72
184260
2000
마이크둜 μ „μž κ³΅ν•™μ΄λ‚˜, λ‚˜λ…Έ 크기의 기술
03:06
like microelectronics and nanoscale technology.
73
186260
3000
같은 것듀과 접속할 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
And the image of the DVD here
74
189260
2000
μ—¬κΈ° DVD의 μ΄λ―Έμ§€λŠ”
03:11
is just to illustrate a point
75
191260
2000
싀크가 ν‘œλ©΄μ— 무척
03:13
that silk follows very subtle topographies of the surface,
76
193260
4000
λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ μ§€ν˜•λ“€μ„ λ”°λ₯Έ λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
which means that it can replicate features on the nanoscale.
77
197260
3000
싀크가 λ‚˜λ…Έ 규λͺ¨λ₯Ό 볡제 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 의미죠.
03:20
So it would be able to replicate the information
78
200260
2000
κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— DVDμœ„μ— 정보듀을
03:22
that is on the DVD.
79
202260
3000
λ³΅μ œν•  수 μžˆκ² κ΅¬μš”.
03:25
And we can store information that's film with water and protein.
80
205260
3000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 필름 정보λ₯Ό λ¬Όκ³Ό λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ €μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
So we tried something out, and we wrote a message in a piece of silk,
81
208260
3000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 싀크 쑰각에 메세지λ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
which is right here, and the message is over there.
82
211260
2000
μ—¬κΈ° 이것에 말이죠. 메세지도 이 μœ„μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
And much like in the DVD, you can read it out optically.
83
213260
3000
DVD처럼, μ‹œκ°μ μœΌλ‘œ 읽을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
And this requires a stable hand,
84
216260
2000
μ•ˆμ •μ μΈ 손이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
03:38
so this is why I decided to do it onstage in front of a thousand people.
85
218260
3000
천λͺ…μ˜ 관객듀 μ•žμ—μ„œ 였늘 보이기둜 ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
So let me see.
86
222260
2000
ν•œλ²ˆ λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:44
So as you see the film go in transparently through there,
87
224260
2000
λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 필름은 μ €κΈ°λ₯Ό 톡해 투λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ κ°€κ³ ,
03:46
and then ...
88
226260
2000
κ·Έλ‹€μŒμ—”β€¦
03:53
(Applause)
89
233260
7000
(짝짝짝)
04:00
And the most remarkable feat
90
240260
2000
그리고 κ°€μž₯ λ†€λΌμš΄ 곡은
04:02
is that my hand actually stayed still long enough to do that.
91
242260
3000
제 손이 이 일을 ν•  수 일도둝 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ κ°€λ§Œνžˆ μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
So once you have these attributes
92
245260
3000
이 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ— 이런 속성듀이
04:08
of this material,
93
248260
2000
μžˆλŠ” 이상
04:10
then you can do a lot of things.
94
250260
2000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 것듀을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
It's actually not limited to films.
95
252260
2000
ν•„λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ μ œν•œλ˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
04:14
And so the material can assume a lot of formats.
96
254260
3000
이 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ λ§Žμ€ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
And then you go a little crazy, and so you do various optical components
97
257260
3000
그리고 μ•½κ°„ κ΄‘μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ©΄, μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ μ‹œκ°μ  μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
04:20
or you do microprism arrays,
98
260260
2000
λŸ¬λ‹ν™”μ— μžˆλŠ” λ°˜μ‚¬μ›λ‹¨ ν…ŒμžŽκ°™μ€,
04:22
like the reflective tape that you have on your running shoes.
99
262260
2000
μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ ν”„λ¦¬μ¦˜μ„ λ°°μ—΄ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
Or you can do beautiful things
100
264260
2000
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ 것듀도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
that, if the camera can capture, you can make.
101
266260
2000
카메라가 μž‘μ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² κ΅°μš”.
04:28
You can add a third dimensionality to the film.
102
268260
3000
필름에 3차원을 더할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
And if the angle is right,
103
271260
2000
κ°λ„λ§Œ λ§žλ‹€λ©΄,
04:33
you can actually see a hologram appear in this film of silk.
104
273260
3000
이 싀크 ν•„λ¦„μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” ν™€λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ 볼수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
But you can do other things.
105
278260
2000
λ‹€λ₯Έ 것도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
You can imagine that then maybe you can use a pure protein to guide light,
106
280260
2000
μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄ 빛을 μ•ˆλ‚΄ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  상상할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄,
04:42
and so we've made optical fibers.
107
282260
2000
κ΄‘μ„¬μœ λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
But silk is versatile and it goes beyond optics.
108
284260
3000
μ‹€ν¬λŠ” λ‹€μž¬λ‹€λŠ₯ν•΄ 광학을 λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
And you can think of different formats.
109
287260
2000
λ‹€λ₯Έ 양식듀을 생각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
So for instance, if you're afraid of going to the doctor and getting stuck with a needle,
110
289260
3000
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό λ³΄λŸ¬κ°€κΈ° 두렡고 λ°”λŠ˜μ— 찔렸을 λ•Œ, 마이크둜 μ‚¬μ΄μ¦ˆμ˜
04:52
we do microneedle arrays.
111
292260
2000
λ°”λŠ˜μ„ λ°°μ—΄ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
What you see there on the screen is a human hair
112
294260
2000
화면에 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것은 μ‹€ν¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“ , λ°”λŠ˜μ— 덧뢙여진
04:56
superimposed on the needle that's made of silk --
113
296260
2000
μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ λ¨Έλ¦¬μΉ΄λ½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:58
just to give you a sense of size.
114
298260
2000
μ‚¬μ΄μ¦ˆλ₯Ό κ°€λŠ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
05:00
You can do bigger things.
115
300260
2000
더 큰 것듀도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
You can do gears and nuts and bolts --
116
302260
2000
μŠˆνΌμ—μ„œ μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ”
05:04
that you can buy at Whole Foods.
117
304260
3000
κΈ°μ–΄, λ„ˆνŠΈ, λ³ΌνŠΈλ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
And the gears work in water as well.
118
307260
3000
κΈ°μ–΄λŠ” λ¬Όμ—μ„œλ„ 잘 μž‘λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
So you think of alternative mechanical parts.
119
310260
2000
λŒ€μ²΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 기계 뢀뢄듀을 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
05:12
And maybe you can use that liquid Kevlar if you need something strong
120
312260
3000
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄, 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 말초 μ •λ§₯, λ˜λŠ” 뼈 전체λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν• 
05:15
to replace peripheral veins, for example,
121
315260
3000
κ°•ν•œ 것이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
05:18
or maybe an entire bone.
122
318260
2000
앑체 μΊλΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
And so you have here a little example
123
320260
2000
여기에 μž‘μ€ ν•΄κ³¨μ˜
05:22
of a small skull --
124
322260
2000
예λ₯Ό λ³΄μ§€μš”.
05:24
what we call mini Yorick.
125
324260
2000
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž‘μ€ μš”λ¦­(Yorick)이라 λΆ€λ₯΄μ£ .
05:26
(Laughter)
126
326260
3000
(ν•˜ν•˜)
05:29
But you can do things like cups, for example,
127
329260
3000
컡같은 것도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§Œμ•½
05:32
and so, if you add a little bit of gold, if you add a little bit of semiconductors
128
332260
3000
μ•½κ°„μ˜ κΈˆμ„, μ•½κ°„μ˜ λ°˜λ„μ²΄λ₯Ό λ”ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
05:35
you could do sensors that stick on the surfaces of foods.
129
335260
3000
μŒμ‹ ν‘œλ©΄μ— λΆ™λŠ” μ„Όμ„œλ‘œλ„ μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:38
You can do electronic pieces
130
338260
2000
μ ‘κ³  μŒ€ 수 μžˆλŠ”
05:40
that fold and wrap.
131
340260
2000
μ „μž 쑰각듀도 λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆκ³ μš”.
05:42
Or if you're fashion forward, some silk LED tattoos.
132
342260
3000
μœ ν–‰μ— μ•žμ„œμž ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 싀크 LED 문신도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
So there's versatility, as you see,
133
345260
3000
물질 ꡬ성 λ°©μ‹μ—μ„œ, μ‹€ν¬λ‘œλŠ”
05:48
in the material formats,
134
348260
2000
정말 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 것듀을
05:50
that you can do with silk.
135
350260
3000
ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:53
But there are still some unique traits.
136
353260
2000
λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ λ…νŠΉν•œ νŠΉμ§•λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
I mean, why would you want to do all these things for real?
137
355260
3000
제 말은, 이런 λͺ¨λ“  것듀을 μ§„μ§œλ‘œ μ™œ ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:58
I mentioned it briefly at the beginning;
138
358260
2000
μ²˜μŒμ— 짧게 μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμ£ ;
06:00
the protein is biodegradable and biocompatible.
139
360260
2000
λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ€ μžμ—° λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜κ³  인체에도 μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€κ΅¬μš”.
06:02
And you see here a picture of a tissue section.
140
362260
3000
이것은 쑰직 λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ κ·Έλ¦Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
And so what does that mean, that it's biodegradable and biocompatible?
141
365260
3000
μžμ—° λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜κ³  생체에 μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹¨κ²Œ 무슨 λ§μΌκΉŒμš”?
06:08
You can implant it in the body without needing to retrieve what is implanted.
142
368260
3000
λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ‹€μ‹œ λΊ„ ν•„μš” 없이 λͺΈμ— λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ„ μ£Όμž…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:11
Which means that all the devices that you've seen before and all the formats,
143
371260
4000
κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ λ³Έ λͺ¨λ“  κΈ°κΈ°λ“€κ³Ό μ„œμ‹λ“€μ€, μ›μΉ™μ μœΌλ‘œ,
06:15
in principle, can be implanted and disappear.
144
375260
3000
심어진 ν›„ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
And what you see there in that tissue section,
145
378260
2000
저기에 쑰직 뢀뢄에 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것은,
06:20
in fact, is you see that reflector tape.
146
380260
3000
사싀, λ°˜μ‚¬ ν…ŒμžŽμ„ λ³΄λŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
So, much like you're seen at night by a car,
147
383260
3000
밀에 μ°¨μ—μ„œ 볼수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ,
06:26
then the idea is that you can see, if you illuminate tissue,
148
386260
3000
λ§Œμ•½ 쑰직을 λΉ„μΆ”κ²Œ 되면,
06:29
you can see deeper parts of tissue
149
389260
2000
μ‹€ν¬λ‘œ λ§Œλ“  λ°˜μ‚¬ ν…ŒμžŽμ΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:31
because there is that reflective tape there that is made out of silk.
150
391260
2000
쑰직의 κΉŠμˆ™ν•œ 뢀뢄을 λ³Ό 수 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:33
And you see there, it gets reintegrated in tissue.
151
393260
2000
λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 쑰직 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ ν…ŒμžŽμ€ λ‹€μ‹œ ν†΅ν•©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
And reintegration in the human body
152
395260
2000
λͺΈμ•ˆμ— 이런 ν†΅ν•©λ§Œμ΄
06:37
is not the only thing,
153
397260
2000
μ „λΆ€κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
but reintegration in the environment is important.
154
399260
3000
이런 것은 ν™˜κ²½μ μœΌλ‘œλ„ μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
So you have a clock, you have protein,
155
402260
2000
μ‹œκ³„κ°€ 있고, λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆμ΄ 있으면,
06:44
and now a silk cup like this
156
404260
2000
이제 이런 싀크 컡은
06:46
can be thrown away without guilt --
157
406260
3000
죄책감 없이 버릴 수 μžˆλŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
(Applause)
158
409260
7000
(짝짝짝)
06:56
unlike the polystyrene cups
159
416260
3000
λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„ 맀일 μ“°λ ˆκΈ°μž₯에 μ±„μ›Œμ Έκ°€λŠ”
06:59
that unfortunately fill our landfills everyday.
160
419260
3000
ν΄λ¦¬μŠ€ν‹°λ Œ μ»΅κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έκ²ƒμ΄μ£ .
07:02
It's edible,
161
422260
2000
λ¨Ήμ„μˆ˜ 있고,
07:04
so you can do smart packaging around food
162
424260
2000
μŒμ‹κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μš”λ¦¬ ν•  수 있게
07:06
that you can cook with the food.
163
426260
2000
λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œ 포μž₯을 ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:08
It doesn't taste good,
164
428260
2000
맛은 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ,
07:10
so I'm going to need some help with that.
165
430260
2000
κ·Έ μͺ½μœΌλ‘  도움이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ² λ„€μš”.
07:12
But probably the most remarkable thing is that it comes full circle.
166
432260
3000
μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ κ°€μž₯ λ†€λΌμš΄ 것은, 싀크가 μ™„μ „νžˆ μˆœν™˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
Silk, during its self-assembly process,
167
435260
2000
직접 μ‘°λ¦½ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ, μ‹€ν¬λŠ”
07:17
acts like a cocoon for biological matter.
168
437260
2000
생물학적 μƒνƒœλ‘œ λˆ„μ—κ³ μΉ˜μ²˜λŸΌ μž‘μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
And so if you change the recipe,
169
439260
2000
λ§Œμ•½ 방법을 λ°”κΎΌλ‹€λ©΄,
07:21
and you add things when you pour --
170
441260
2000
앑체 싀크 μš©μ•‘μ—
07:23
so you add things to your liquid silk solution --
171
443260
2000
μ–΄λ–€ 것듀을 λ”ν•˜κ³ β€”
07:25
where these things are enzymes
172
445260
2000
νš¨μ†Œλ‚˜ 항체,
07:27
or antibodies or vaccines,
173
447260
3000
백신같은 κ²ƒλ“€μ„μš”,
07:30
the self-assembly process
174
450260
2000
μžκ°€ 쑰립 과정은 이런
07:32
preserves the biological function of these dopants.
175
452260
3000
λ„νŽ€νŠΈ(dopant)의 생물학적 κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ³΄μ‘΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:35
So it makes the materials environmentally active
176
455260
3000
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 싀크λ₯Ό ν™˜κ²½μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œλ™μ μ΄κ³ 
07:38
and interactive.
177
458260
2000
μƒν˜Έμ μ΄κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
So that screw that you thought about beforehand
178
460260
2000
이전에 μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ λ‚˜μ‚¬λŠ”
07:42
can actually be used
179
462260
2000
사싀 뼈λ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄λŠ”λ°
07:44
to screw a bone together -- a fractured bone together --
180
464260
3000
μ‚¬μš© 될 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ – 골절된 뼈λ₯Ό λΆ™μ΄λŠ”λ°μš”.
07:47
and deliver drugs at the same,
181
467260
2000
그리고 λΌˆκ°€ μΉ˜λ£Œλ˜λŠ” 것과
07:49
while your bone is healing, for example.
182
469260
3000
λ™μ‹œμ—, 약을 전달할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
Or you could put drugs in your wallet and not in your fridge.
183
472260
3000
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 냉동싀이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 지갑 μ•ˆμ— 약을 널 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
So we've made a silk card
184
475260
3000
νŽ˜λ‹ˆμ‹€λ¦°μ΄ λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ”
07:58
with penicillin in it.
185
478260
2000
싀크 μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
And we stored penicillin at 60 degrees C,
186
480260
2000
그리고 그것을 섭씨 60도,
08:02
so 140 degrees Fahrenheit,
187
482260
2000
화씨 140도에 λ‘λ‹¬λ™μ•ˆ 보관해,
08:04
for two months without loss of efficacy of the penicillin.
188
484260
3000
νŽ˜λ‹ˆμ‹€λ¦°μ˜ 효과λ₯Ό μžƒμ§€ μ•Šκ²Œν•˜λ©° λ³΄κ΄€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:07
And so that could be ---
189
487260
2000
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 그건 –
08:09
(Applause)
190
489260
4000
(짝짝짝)
08:13
that could be potentially a good alternative
191
493260
2000
그건 잠재적으둜, νƒœμ–‘ μ—΄λ‘œ 냉μž₯ λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜λŠ”
08:15
to solar powered refrigerated camels. (Laughter)
192
495260
3000
λ‚™νƒ€μ˜ 쒋은 λŒ€μ•ˆμ΄ 될 수 μžˆκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
And of course, there's no use in storage if you can't use [it].
193
498260
3000
λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ, μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄, μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ” μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μ—†κ² μ£ .
08:21
And so there is this other unique material trait
194
501260
4000
이런 λ¬Όμ§ˆλ“€μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ…νŠΉν•œ 물질 νŠΉμ„±μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
that these materials have, that they're programmably degradable.
195
505260
3000
λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ„€μ • ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
And so what you see there is the difference.
196
508260
2000
λ‹€λ₯Έμ μ΄ μžˆλŠ”κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:30
In the top, you have a film that has been programmed not to degrade,
197
510260
3000
μœ„μ—λŠ”, λΆ„ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨ 된 필름이 있고,
08:33
and in the bottom, a film that has been programmed to degrade in water.
198
513260
3000
λ°‘μ—λŠ” 물에 λΆ„ν•΄λ˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“  필름이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
And what you see is that the film on the bottom
199
516260
2000
밑에 μžˆλŠ” 필름은 속에 λ“€μ–΄ 있던 것을
08:38
releases what is inside it.
200
518260
2000
λ‚΄λ†“λŠ” λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
So it allows for the recovery of what we've stored before.
201
520260
3000
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 전에 μ €μž₯ν–ˆλ˜ 것을 되찾게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:43
And so this allows for a controlled delivery of drugs
202
523260
3000
이것은 약을 λ°°λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ‘°μ •ν•  수 있게 ν•˜κ³ ,
08:46
and for reintegration in the environment
203
526260
3000
κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ 보신 λͺ¨λ“  μ„œμ‹μœΌλ‘œ
08:49
in all of these formats that you've seen.
204
529260
2000
ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ‹œ ν†΅ν•©λ˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
So the thread of discovery that we have really is a thread.
205
531260
3000
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ κ°€λ‹₯은 μ§„μ§œ μ‹€μ˜ κ°€λ‹₯인 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:54
We're impassioned with this idea that whatever you want to do,
206
534260
3000
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•˜κ³ μ‹Άμ€ 것이 뭐든, μ •λ§₯μ΄λ‚˜ 뼈λ₯Ό λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
08:57
whether you want to replace a vein or a bone,
207
537260
2000
마이크둜 μ „μž κ³΅ν•™μ—μ„œ 더 지속할 수 있게 ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜,
08:59
or maybe be more sustainable in microelectronics,
208
539260
3000
μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 컀피λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹  ν›„
09:02
perhaps drink a coffee in a cup
209
542260
2000
κ·Έ 컡을 죄책감없이 λ²„λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜,
09:04
and throw it away without guilt,
210
544260
2000
μ£Όλ¨Έλ‹ˆ 속에 약을 가지고 λ‹€λ‹ˆκ±°λ‚˜,
09:06
maybe carry your drugs in your pocket,
211
546260
2000
λͺΈ μ†μœΌλ‘œ, λ˜λŠ” 사막을 μ§€λ‚˜
09:08
deliver them inside your body
212
548260
2000
약을 μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ 해닡이
09:10
or deliver them across the desert,
213
550260
2000
이 싀크 κ°€λ‹₯에 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„
09:12
the answer may be in a thread of silk.
214
552260
2000
λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” 것에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 감동받은 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
Thank you.
215
554260
2000
κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:16
(Applause)
216
556260
18000
(짝짝짝)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7