Manu Prakash: A 50-cent microscope that folds like origami

836,393 views ใƒป 2014-03-07

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jihyeon J. Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Gichung Lee
00:12
The year is 1800.
0
12747
2323
1800๋…„์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
A curious little invention is being talked about.
1
15070
3056
์‹ ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์ด ๋…ผ์˜์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
It's called a microscope.
2
18126
3081
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:21
What it allows you to do
3
21207
1779
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๋ฉด
00:22
is see tiny little lifeforms
4
22986
2642
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
00:25
that are invisible to the naked eye.
5
25628
2487
์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Soon comes the medical discovery
6
28115
2028
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณง ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
00:30
that many of these lifeforms are actually causes
7
30143
3085
๋”์ฐํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
00:33
of terrible human diseases.
8
33228
2191
์˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Imagine what happened to the society
9
35419
2785
์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์„ ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
00:38
when they realized
10
38204
1988
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด
00:40
that an English mom in her teacup
11
40192
2816
์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ ํ•œ์ž”์ด
00:43
actually was drinking a monster soup,
12
43008
3136
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ดด๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
not very far from here. This is from London.
13
46144
3149
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฉ€์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:49
Fast forward 200 years.
14
49293
2842
200๋…„์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
00:52
We still have this monster soup around,
15
52135
2132
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ์ด ๊ดด๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:54
and it's taken hold in the developing countries
16
54267
2855
ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
around the tropical belt.
17
57122
2416
์—ด๋Œ€์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์š”.
00:59
Just for malaria itself,
18
59538
2563
๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๋ด๋„
01:02
there are a million deaths a year,
19
62101
2445
์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
and more than a billion people
20
64546
1746
10์–ต๋ช… ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:06
that need to be tested because they are at risk
21
66292
2648
๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ข… ๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:08
for different species of malarial infections.
22
68940
3235
01:12
Now it's actually very simple to put a face
23
72175
2811
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๊ดด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒŒ
01:14
to many of these monsters.
24
74986
1795
๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
You take a stain, like acridine orange
25
76781
2627
์•„ํฌ๋ฆฌ๋”˜ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๋‚˜
01:19
or a fluorescent stain or Giemsa,
26
79408
2117
ํ˜•๊ด‘์–ผ๋ฃฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ผ์ƒ‰์‹œ์•ฝ์ธ ๊น€์ž์•ก๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–ผ๋ฃฉ์„
01:21
and a microscope, and you look at them.
27
81525
3113
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์š”.
01:24
They all have faces.
28
84638
2380
๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Why is that so, that Alex in Kenya,
29
87018
2638
์–ด์งธ์„œ ์ผ€๋ƒ์˜ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค๊ฐ€
01:29
Fatima in Bangladesh, Navjoot in Mumbai,
30
89656
3228
๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋งˆ, ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ๋‚˜๋ธŒ์ฃผํŠธ๊ฐ€
01:32
and Julie and Mary in Uganda still wait months
31
92884
3421
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์˜ ์ค„๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ์›”์”ฉ์ด๋‚˜
01:36
to be able to diagnose why they are sick?
32
96305
3579
์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ์ง„๋‹จ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
01:39
And that's primarily because scalability
33
99884
3026
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
01:42
of the diagnostics is completely out of reach.
34
102910
3032
๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
And remember that number: one billion.
35
105942
3916
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  10์–ต๋ช…์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
01:49
The problem lies with the microscope itself.
36
109858
3901
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Even though the pinnacle of modern science,
37
113759
2376
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ์ฒจ๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:56
research microscopes are not designed for field testing.
38
116135
3135
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์šฉ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
01:59
Neither were they first designed
39
119270
1680
์• ์ดˆ์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:00
for diagnostics at all.
40
120950
2151
๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
They are heavy, bulky, really hard to maintain,
41
123101
3388
๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ณ , ํฐ ๋ฐ๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ •๋ง ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ 
02:06
and cost a lot of money.
42
126489
2301
๋น„์šฉ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
This picture is Mahatma Gandhi in the '40s
43
128790
3405
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 1940๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋งˆํ•˜ํŠธ๋งˆ ๊ฐ„๋””๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์›์—์„œ
02:12
using the exact same setup that we actually use today
44
132195
3294
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฒฐํ•ต์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ
02:15
for diagnosing T.B. in his ashram
45
135489
2684
๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
in Sevagram in India.
46
138173
2445
์ธ๋„์˜ ์„ธ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ์š”.
02:20
Two of my students, Jim and James,
47
140618
3327
์ €์˜ ์ œ์ž์ธ ์ง๊ณผ ์ œ์ž„์Šค๋Š”
02:23
traveled around India and Thailand,
48
143945
2320
์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:26
starting to think about this problem a lot.
49
146265
2252
์ธ๋„์™€ ํƒœ๊ตญ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
We saw all kinds of donated equipment.
50
148517
2475
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
We saw fungus growing on microscope lenses.
51
150992
2912
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ์—์„œ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
02:33
And we saw people who had a functional microscope
52
153904
2195
๋ฉ€์ฉกํ•œ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ ๋„
02:36
but just didn't know how to even turn it on.
53
156099
2951
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
What grew out of that work and that trip
54
159050
2640
์ด ์ผ๊ณผ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:41
was actually the idea of what we call Foldscopes.
55
161690
3751
"ํด๋“œ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
So what is a Foldscope?
56
165441
1823
ํด๋“œ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:47
A Foldscope is a completely functional microscope,
57
167264
3549
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
02:50
a platform for fluorescence, bright-field,
58
170813
3130
ํ˜•๊ด‘, ๋ช…์‹œ์•ผ,
02:53
polarization, projection,
59
173943
1575
ํŽธ๊ด‘, ํˆฌ์‚ฌ,
02:55
all kinds of advanced microscopy
60
175518
2568
๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์•ž์„  ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
02:58
built purely by folding paper.
61
178086
3215
์˜ค์ง ์ข…์ด์ ‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
So, now you think, how is that possible?
62
181301
2861
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— "๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€?" ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:04
I'm going to show you some examples here,
63
184162
1963
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
03:06
and we will run through some of them.
64
186125
1801
๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์—ฐํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
It starts with a single sheet of paper.
65
187926
3784
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
What you see here is all the possible components
66
191710
3371
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช…์‹œ์•ผ ํ˜•๊ด‘ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
to build a functional bright-field and fluorescence microscope.
67
195081
4425
03:19
So, there are three stages:
68
199506
1809
์ž, ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
There is the optical stage, the illumination stage
69
201315
2749
๊ด‘ํ•™ ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ์กฐ๋ช… ๋‹จ๊ณ„,
03:24
and the mask-holding stage.
70
204064
2468
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์žฅ์ฐฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
And there are micro optics at the bottom
71
206532
1872
์•„๋ž˜์ชฝ์—๋Š” ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€
03:28
that's actually embedded in the paper itself.
72
208404
2874
์ข…์ด ์ž์ฒด์— ๋ผ์›Œ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
What you do is, you take it on,
73
211278
2504
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๋ฉด
03:33
and just like you are playing like a toy,
74
213782
2776
์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€ ๋“ฏ์ด,
03:36
which it is,
75
216558
3087
์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”
03:40
I tab it off,
76
220584
3030
๋œฏ์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:47
and I break it off.
77
227039
2182
๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
This paper has no instructions and no languages.
78
229221
2724
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธ€์ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
There is a code, a color code embedded,
79
231945
2319
์ƒ‰๊น”์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝ”๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:54
that tells you exactly how to fold that specific microscope.
80
234264
4611
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
When it's done, it looks something like this,
81
238875
2649
์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ฃ .
04:01
has all the functionalities of a standard microscope,
82
241524
2731
ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
just like an XY stage,
83
244255
1881
ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“๋Š”
04:06
a place where a sample slide could go,
84
246136
4421
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
for example right here.
85
250557
2540
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์š”.
04:13
We didn't want to change this,
86
253097
1512
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
because this is the standard
87
254609
1372
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
04:15
that's been optimized for over the years,
88
255981
1853
์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๊ณ 
04:17
and many health workers are actually used to this.
89
257834
2696
์‹ค์ œ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
So this is what changes,
90
260530
1461
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:21
but the standard stains all remain the same
91
261991
2167
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:24
for many different diseases.
92
264158
1775
ํ‘œ์ค€์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
You pop this in.
93
265933
2932
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ผ์›Œ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
There is an XY stage,
94
268865
3886
๊ด€์ฐฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
and then there is a focusing stage,
95
272751
1973
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตด๊ณก ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
04:34
which is a flexure mechanism
96
274724
1866
์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
that's built in paper itself that allows us to move
97
276590
2553
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข…์ด์— ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
04:39
and focus the lenses by micron steps.
98
279143
2981
๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก  ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
So what's really interesting about this object,
99
282124
2133
์ด ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
and my students hate when I do this,
100
284257
1883
์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿด๋•Œ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:46
but I'm going to do this anyway,
101
286140
1761
์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
is these are rugged devices.
102
287901
1956
์ด๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ํŠผํŠผํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
I can turn it on and throw it on the floor
103
289857
4577
์ด๊ฑธ ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋˜์ ธ์š”.
04:54
and really try to stomp on it.
104
294434
2952
์•„์ฃผ ์พ…์พ… ๋ฐŸ์•„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And they last, even though they're designed
105
297386
2375
๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋”ฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข…์ด๊ฐ™์€
04:59
from a very flexible material, like paper.
106
299761
3463
๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Another fun fact is, this is what we actually
107
303224
2852
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
05:06
send out there as a standard diagnostic tool,
108
306076
4055
ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
but here in this envelope
109
310131
1769
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ ์•ˆ์—
05:11
I have 30 different foldscopes
110
311900
2391
30๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํด๋“œ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
of different configurations all in a single folder.
111
314291
5731
๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ๋ด‰ํˆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์•ˆ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:20
And I'm going to pick one randomly.
112
320022
1812
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ง‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
This one, it turns out, is actually designed
113
321834
2082
์ด๊ฒƒ์€, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
05:23
specifically for malaria,
114
323916
1563
์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
because it has the fluorescent filters built
115
325479
2311
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ง„๋‹จ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ
05:27
specifically for diagnosing malaria.
116
327790
2097
ํ˜•๊ด‘ํ•„ํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
So the idea of very specific diagnostic microscopes
117
329887
3928
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ง„๋‹จ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€
05:33
comes out of this.
118
333815
1766
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
So up till now, you didn't actually see
119
335581
2939
์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
05:38
what I would see from one of these setups.
120
338520
2957
๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
05:41
So what I would like to do is,
121
341477
1681
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
if we could dim the lights, please,
122
343158
1626
์กฐ๋ช…์„ ์ข€ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:44
it turns out foldscopes are also projection microscopes.
123
344784
3665
ํด๋“œ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํˆฌ์‚ฌํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
I have these two microscopes that I'm going to turn --
124
348449
2534
์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
go to the back of the wall --
125
350983
1753
๋’ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
05:52
and just project, and this way you will see
126
352736
1708
ํˆฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
exactly what I would see.
127
354444
2120
์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
05:56
What you're looking at --
128
356564
1786
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
05:58
(Applause) โ€”
129
358350
2383
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
06:00
This is a cross-section of a compound eye,
130
360733
2636
์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฒน๋ˆˆ์˜ ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
and when I'm going to zoom in closer, right there,
131
363369
2351
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
06:05
I am going through the z-axis.
132
365720
2244
Z ์ถ•์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
You actually see how the lenses are cut together
133
367964
3024
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ˆˆ๋“ค์ด ํšก๋‹จ๋ฉด์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์œผ๋กœ
06:10
in the cross-section pattern.
134
370988
1573
์ ˆ๋‹จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
Another example, one of my favorite insects,
135
372561
2556
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:15
I love to hate this one,
136
375117
1977
์ •๋ง ์–„๋ฏธ์šด ๋…€์„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
is a mosquito,
137
377094
1781
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
06:18
and you're seeing the antenna of a culex pipiens.
138
378875
3762
์ž‘์€ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ง‘ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋”๋“ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Right there.
139
382637
3363
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์š”.
06:26
All from the simple setup that I actually described.
140
386000
4213
๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์ด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
So my wife has been field testing
141
390213
1773
์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
06:31
some of our microscopes
142
391986
2000
ํ˜„์žฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
06:33
by washing my clothes whenever I forget them
143
393986
2481
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋นจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๊นœ๋นก ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
06:36
in the dryer.
144
396467
2029
์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ค์š”.
06:38
So it turns out they're waterproof, and --
145
398496
2800
๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜๋„ ๋˜๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”.
06:41
(Laughter) โ€”
146
401296
1788
(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:43
right here is just fluorescent water,
147
403084
2498
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ˜•๊ด‘์•ก์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
and I don't know if you can actually see this.
148
405582
1550
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
06:47
This also shows you how the projection scope works.
149
407132
2389
ํˆฌ์‚ฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
You get to see the beam the way it's projected and bent.
150
409521
3653
๋น›์ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ  ๊ตด์ ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
06:56
Can we get the lights back on again?
151
416199
2940
์กฐ๋ช…์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผœ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:59
So I'm quickly going to show you,
152
419139
1787
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:00
since I'm running out of time,
153
420926
2049
์ด๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์–ผ๋ฅธ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
in terms of how much it costs for us to manufacture,
154
422975
2426
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
07:05
the biggest idea was roll-to-roll manufacturing,
155
425401
3080
์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋‘๋ฃจ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
so we built this out of 50 cents of parts and costs.
156
428481
3122
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ 50์„ผํŠธ(์•ฝ 500์›)๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
(Applause)
157
431603
2859
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:14
And what this allows us to do
158
434462
2095
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
07:16
is to think about a new paradigm in microscopy,
159
436557
2336
ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
which we call use-and-throw microscopy.
160
438893
2017
1ํšŒ์šฉ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:20
I'm going to give you a quick snapshot
161
440910
2089
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
07:22
of some of the parts that go in.
162
442999
1763
๋น ๋ฅธ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
Here is a sheet of paper.
163
444762
1459
์ข…์ด ํ•œ ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
07:26
This is when we were thinking about the idea.
164
446221
2089
์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์งœ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
This is an A4 sheet of paper.
165
448310
1355
์ด๊ฑด A4 ์šฉ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
These are the three stages that you actually see.
166
449665
1981
๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
And the optical components, if you look at the inset up on the right,
167
451646
3430
์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๋ผ์›Œ ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๊ด‘ํ•™๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
07:35
we had to figure out a way to manufacture lenses
168
455076
2427
์ข…์ด ์ž์ฒด ์•ˆ์— ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ
07:37
in paper itself at really high throughputs,
169
457503
2312
์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
so it uses a process of self-assembly
170
459815
1859
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž๊ฐ€์กฐ๋ฆฝ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ
07:41
and surface tension
171
461674
1112
ํ‘œ๋ฉด์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:42
to build achromatic lenses in the paper itself.
172
462786
3536
์ข…์ด ์ž์ฒด์— ๋ฌด์ƒ‰๋ Œ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
So that's where the lenses go.
173
466322
1445
์ €๊ธฐ์— ๋ Œ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์š”.
07:47
There are some light sources.
174
467767
1612
๊ด‘์›๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
07:49
And essentially, in the end,
175
469379
1385
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:50
all the parts line up because of origami,
176
470764
3178
๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด ํ•œ ์ค„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
because of the fact that origami allows us
177
473942
3271
์ข…์ด์ ‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ด‘ํ•™์กฐ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ก  ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ
07:57
micron-scale precision of optical alignment.
178
477213
2980
ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
So even though this looks like a simple toy,
179
480193
2629
์ด๊ฒŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
08:02
the aspects of engineering that go in
180
482822
1914
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณตํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
08:04
something like this are fairly sophisticated.
181
484736
2686
๋งค์šฐ ์ •๊ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
So here is another obvious thing that we would do,
182
487422
3235
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:10
typically, if I was going to show
183
490657
1593
์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
08:12
that these microscopes are robust,
184
492250
1505
๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ
08:13
is go to the third floor and drop it from the floor itself.
185
493755
3838
๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ 3์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
There it is, and it survives.
186
497593
3323
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋„ ๋„๋–ก ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
So for us, the next step actually
187
500916
2177
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:23
is really finishing our field trials.
188
503093
1839
์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
We are starting at the end of the summer.
189
504932
2105
์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด ๋๋‚  ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
08:27
We are at a stage where we'll be making thousands of microscopes.
190
507037
2927
์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
That would be the first time where we would be
191
509964
2144
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
08:32
doing field trials with the highest density
192
512108
2085
ํ˜„์žฅ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”
08:34
of microscopes ever at a given place.
193
514193
2555
์ตœ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
We've started collecting data for malaria,
194
516748
2080
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
Chagas disease and giardia from patients themselves.
195
518828
3796
๋ง๋ผ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ƒค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ณ‘, ์ง€์•„๋””์•„ ์ถฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€์ด์ฃ .
08:42
And I want to leave you with this picture.
196
522624
2094
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
I had not anticipated this before,
197
524718
1925
์ €๋Š” ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
but a really interesting link
198
526643
1687
์‹ค์ œ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ต์œก๊ณผ
08:48
between hands-on science education
199
528330
1895
์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด๊ณผ์˜
08:50
and global health.
200
530225
1258
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„์š”.
08:51
What are the tools that we're actually providing
201
531483
2926
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ดด๋ฌผ ์ˆ˜ํ”„์™€ ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ 
08:54
the kids who are going to fight
202
534409
2180
์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
08:56
this monster soup for tomorrow?
203
536589
1918
์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:58
I would love for them to be able to just print out
204
538507
2358
์ €๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ํด๋“œ์Šค์ฝ”ํ”„๋ฅผ ํ”„๋ฆฐํŠธํ•ด์„œ
09:00
a Foldscope and carry them around in their pockets.
205
540865
2129
์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์†์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Thank you.
206
542994
2906
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
(Applause)
207
545900
4443
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7