Heribert Watzke: The brain in your gut

232,208 views ใƒป 2010-10-19

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sunphil Ga ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seo Rim Kim
00:16
This technology
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
00:18
made a very important impact on us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
It changed the way our history developed.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
But it's a technology so pervasive,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:26
so invisible,
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
00:28
that we, for a long time,
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
00:30
forgot to take it into account
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žŠ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:33
when we talked about
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
00:35
human evolution.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
But we see the results of this technology, still.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
So let's make a little test.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
00:42
So everyone of you turns to their neighbor please.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:46
Turn and face your neighbors.
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๋Œ์•„์„œ ์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋งž์ถ”์„ธ์š”.
00:48
Please, also on the balcony.
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๋ฐœ์ฝ”๋‹ˆ ์ชฝ๋„์š”.
00:51
Smile. Smile. Open the mouths.
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์›ƒ์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์›ƒ์–ด์š”. ์ž…์„ ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”.
00:53
Smile, friendly.
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์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ์–ด์š”.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:57
Do you --
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์†ก๊ณณ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
00:59
Do you see any Canine teeth?
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๋ณด์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
01:02
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:04
Count Dracula teeth
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์˜† ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ž…์—์„œ
01:07
in the mouths of your neighbors?
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๋“œ๋ผํ˜๋ผ ์ด๋นจ์„ ์…€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:09
Of course not.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
01:11
Because our dental anatomy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์น˜์•„ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€
01:14
is actually made,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ผˆ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
01:16
not for tearing down raw meat from bones
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์ฐข๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์˜ ์žŽ์„ ์žฅ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์”น๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:19
or chewing fibrous leaves for hours.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
It is made for a diet
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฝ๊ณ ,
01:26
which is soft, mushy,
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์ฃฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
01:29
which is reduced in fibers,
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์„ฌ์œ ์งˆ์ด ์ ๊ณ ,
01:32
which is very easily chewable
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์”น๊ณ , ์†Œํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์„
01:34
and digestible.
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์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Sounds like fast food, doesn't it.
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์ธ์Šคํ„ดํŠธ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
01:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:41
It's for cooked food.
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์Œ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
We carry in our face the proof
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๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์— ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:47
that cooking,
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•,
01:49
food transformation,
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์ฆ‰ ์Œ์‹์˜ ํƒˆ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ์ด
01:52
made us what we are.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
So I would suggest that we change how we classify ourselves.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
We talk about ourselves as omnivores.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์žก์‹์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š”
02:00
I would say, we should call ourselves coctivors --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ์ฝ”๊ป˜๋ ˆ์—์„œ ๋”ฐ์˜จ
02:03
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:05
from coquere, to cook.
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์ฝ•ํ‹ฐ๋ณด๋ฅด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
We are the animals
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์Œ์‹์„
02:10
who eat cooked food.
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๋จน๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
No, no, no, no. Better --
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์ด ํ‘œํ˜„๋ณด๋‹ค, ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ
02:15
to live of cooked food.
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์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
02:17
So cooking is a very important technology.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
It's technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:21
I don't know how you feel,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:23
but I like to cook for entertainment.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
And you need some design
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด
02:27
to be successful.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
So, cooking is a very important technology,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:32
because it allowed us to acquire
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
02:35
what brought you all here:
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ;
02:38
the big brain,
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ํฐ ๋‡Œ,
02:40
this wonderful cerebral cortex we have.
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์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Œ€๋‡Œ ํ”ผ์งˆ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
Because brains are expensive.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:46
Those have to pay tuition fees know.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜์—…๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:51
But it's also, metabolically speaking, expensive.
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๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์€์œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
You now, our brain is two to three percent of the body mass,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‡Œ๋Š” 2~3%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:58
but actually it uses 25 percent of the total energy we use.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 25%๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.,
03:01
It's very expensive.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์‹ธ์ฃ .
03:03
Where does the energy come from. Of course, from food.
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
If we eat raw food,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ƒ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:08
we cannot release really the energy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํž˜์ด ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
So this ingenuity of our ancestors,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ ์กฐ์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€,
03:15
to invent this most marvelous technology.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋กœ์šด ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ฐฝ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:18
Invisible -- everyone of us does it every day, so to speak.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
03:22
Cooking made it possible
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์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
03:24
that mutations,
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๋ณ€์ด์™€
03:26
natural selections, our environment,
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์ž์—ฐ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด
03:28
could develop us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So if we think about
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ
03:34
this unleashing human potential,
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์Œ์‹์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
03:37
which was possible by cooking and food,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:40
why do we talk so badly about food?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ดํ† ๋ก ์Œ์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:43
Why is it always do and don'ts
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์™œ ์Œ์‹์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๊ณ 
03:45
and it's good for you, it's not good for you?
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์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:47
I think the good news for me
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์ €๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
would be if we could go back
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
03:52
and talk about the unleashing,
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๋†“์•„๋‘ ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
03:54
the continuation of the unleashing of human potential.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœํœ˜๋˜๋„๋ก ๋†”๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ณ„์†๋จ์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:57
Now, cooking allowed also
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์š”๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
03:59
that we became a migrant species.
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์ด์ฃผ์„ฑ์„ ๋„๋Š” ์ข…์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
We walked out of Africa two times.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๋‚˜์™€์„œ,
04:05
We populated all the ecologies.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํƒœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:07
If you can cook, nothing can happen to you,
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์š”๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:10
because whatever you find,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€,
04:12
you will try to transform it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
It keeps also your brain working.
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์ด๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Now the very easy and simple technology
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ
04:21
which was developed
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
04:23
actually runs after this formula.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๊ณต์‹์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
Take something which looks like food, transform it,
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์Œ์‹์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œ์ผœ๋ณด์„ธ์š”,
04:28
and it gives you a good, very easy, accessible energy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
This technology affected two organs,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‘ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:34
the brain and the gut, which it actually affected.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
The brain could grow, but the gut actually shrunk.
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์žฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Okay, it's not obvious to be honest.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ป”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ.
04:42
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:45
But it shrunk to 60 percent
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๋ชธ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์˜
04:47
of primate gut
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์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜ ์žฅ์˜ 60%๋กœ
04:49
of my body mass.
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์ˆ˜์ถ•๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
So because of having cooked food,
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์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋œ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
04:54
it's easier to digest.
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์žฅ์€ ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
Now having a large brain, as you know,
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํฐ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:00
is a big advantage,
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ํฐ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
because you can actually influence your environment.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
You can influence your own technologies you have invented.
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๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด์˜จ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:07
You can continue to innovate and invent.
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์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ฐฝ์•ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
Now the big brain did this also with cooking.
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ํฐ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ด ํ™œ๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:12
But how did it actually run this show?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:15
How did it actually interfere?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:17
What kind of criteria did it use?
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:20
And this is actually taste reward and energy.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
You know we have up to five tastes,
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:26
three of them sustain us.
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๊ทธ์ค‘ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜์ฃ .
05:29
Sweet -- energy.
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๋‹ฌ์ฝคํ•จ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ด๊ณ ,
05:31
Umami -- this is a meaty taste.
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๊ฐ์น ๋ง›์€ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ง›์ด์ฃ .
05:33
You need proteins for muscles, recovery.
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ํšŒ๋ณต ๋ฐ ๊ทผ์œก์—๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Salty,
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์†Œ๊ธˆ์ด
05:39
because you need salt, otherwise your electric body will not work.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ์€ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
And two tastes which protect you --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” 2๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์€
05:45
bitter and sour,
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์“ด๋ง›๊ณผ ์‹ ๋ง›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
05:47
which are against
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์ด ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์€
05:50
poisonous and rotten material.
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๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์ฃ .
05:53
But of course, they are hard-wired
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ตณ๊ฑดํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:55
but we use them still in a sophisticated way.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฒ ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Think about bittersweet chocolate;
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์“ด ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ ›์„์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:59
or think about the acidity
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ํ˜น์€ ์‹ ๋ง›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š”
06:01
of yogurt -- wonderful --
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์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์š”. ์ข‹์ฃ .
06:03
mixed with strawberry fruits.
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๋”ธ๊ธฐ์™€ ์„ž์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:05
So we can make mixtures of all this kind of thing
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์„ž์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:08
because we know
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
06:11
that, in cooking, we can transform it
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์Œ์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
06:13
to the form.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Reward: this is a more complex
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๋ณด์ƒ์€ ์Œ์‹์˜ ์™ธ์  ์ƒํƒœ์™€
06:18
and especially integrative
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๋‚ด์ ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
06:21
form of our brain
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ์—
06:23
with various different elements --
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๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ
06:26
the external states, our internal states,
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋„๋Š” ๋‡Œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
06:28
how do we feel, and so on are put together.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์•„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”.
06:31
And something which maybe you don't like
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Œ์‹์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„
06:33
but you are so hungry that you really will be satisfied to eat.
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๊ณต๋ณต์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
So satisfaction was a very important part.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
And as I say, energy was necessary.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
Now how did the gut actually
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์ด์ œ ์žฅ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
06:43
participate in this development?
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์ด ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:46
And the gut is a silent voice --
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์žฅ์€ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
it's going more for feelings.
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ์ •์— ์น˜์ค‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
I use the euphemism digestive comfort --
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์ €๋Š” ์™„๊ณก์–ด์ธ ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
actually -- it's a digestive discomfort,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œํ™”๋Š” ์žฅ์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š”
06:58
which the gut is concerned with.
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๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
If you get a stomach ache, if you get a little bit bloated,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์œ„ํ†ต์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ถ“๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
07:04
was not the right food, was not the right cooking manipulation
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์Œ์‹ ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ํ˜น์€
07:07
or maybe other things went wrong.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So my story is a tale of two brains,
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์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‡Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:12
because it might surprise you,
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์žฅ์ด ํ„ธ์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:14
our gut has a full-fledged brain.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
07:17
All the managers in the room say,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ
07:19
"You don't tell me something new, because we know, gut feeling.
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"์ง๊ฐ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
07:21
This is what we are using."
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฃ ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:25
And actually you use it and it's actually useful.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
Because our gut is connected to our emotional limbic system,
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์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์—ฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
they do speak with each other
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์„œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:32
and make decisions.
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๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
But what it means
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Š”
07:37
to have a brain there
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์žฅ์— ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:39
is that, not only the big brain
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์˜ค์ง ํฐ ๋‡Œ๋งŒ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ
07:42
has to talk with the food,
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ํ•ด์•ผํ•จ์„ ๋œปํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
07:45
the food has to talk with the brain,
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์Œ์‹ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:48
because we have to learn actually
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ
07:51
how to talk to the brains.
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
07:53
Now if there's a gut brain,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‡Œ ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:55
we should also learn to talk with this brain.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‡Œ์™€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
Now 150 years ago,
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150๋…„ ์ „์—,
07:59
anatomists described very, very carefully --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
08:02
here is a model of a wall of a gut.
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์žฅ์˜ ๋ฒฝ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:05
I took the three elements --
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3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:07
stomach, small intestine and colon.
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์œ„, ์ฐฝ์ž, ๊ฒฐ์žฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
And within this structure,
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ,
08:12
you see these two pinkish layers,
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2๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ•‘ํฌ์ƒ‰ ์ธต์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ,
08:14
which are actually the muscle.
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์ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
And between this muscle, they found nervous tissues,
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๊ทผ์œก ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ, ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:18
a lot of nervous tissues,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์กฐ์ง์€
08:20
which penetrate actually the muscle --
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทผ์œก์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:22
penetrate the submucosa,
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์ ๋ง‰ํ•˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:24
where you have all the elements for the immune system.
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์ ๋ง‰ํ•˜ ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋ฉด์—ญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
The gut is actually the largest immune system,
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์žฅ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ
08:28
defending your body.
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๋ฉด์—ญ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
It penetrates the mucosa.
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์žฅ์€ ์ ๋ง‰์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
This is the layer which actually touches the food you are swallowing
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์ด์ธต์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์†Œํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š”
08:35
and you digest,
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์ธต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:37
which is actually the lumen.
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๋ฃจ๋ฉ˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด์ฃ .
08:39
Now if you think about the gut,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์žฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:41
the gut is -- if you could stretch it --
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์žฅ์„ ํŽธ์นœ๋‹ค๋ฉด 40 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š”
08:43
40 meters long,
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๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
08:45
the length of a tennis court.
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ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์ฝ”ํŠธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ธ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
08:47
If we could unroll it,
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์ ‘ํ˜€์ง„ ์žฅ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊บผ๋‚ด
08:49
get out all the folds and so on,
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ํŽผ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:52
it would have 400 sq. meters of surface.
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400 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •๋„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
And now this brain takes care over this,
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์ด ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์œก๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ 
08:58
to move it with the muscles and to do defend the surface
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋ฐฉ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์กฐ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์Œ์‹์„ ์†Œํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
09:01
and, of course, digest our food we cook.
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๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
So if we give you a specification,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จ„์•ฝ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:07
this brain, which is autonomous,
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ด ๋‡Œ๋Š”
09:09
have 500 million nerve cells,
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5์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
100 million neurons --
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๊ณ ์–‘์ด ๋‡Œ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”
09:13
so around the size of a cat brain,
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1์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:16
so there sleeps a little cat --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ž‘์€ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€
09:19
thinks for itself,
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์ž ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ ,
09:21
optimizes whatever it digests.
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์ด๋Š” ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
It has 20 different neuron types.
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20๊ฐœ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
It's got the same diversity you find actually in a pig brain,
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1์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€์˜ ๋‡Œ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:29
where you have 100 billion neurons.
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๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:32
It has autonomous organized microcircuits,
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๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๋œ ๋ฏธ์„ธํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
09:35
has these programs which run.
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์ด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
It senses the food; it knows exactly what to do.
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์Œ์‹์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ , ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
It senses it by chemical means
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ํ™”ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ฃ  ์ด๋ง์€
09:42
and very importantly by mechanical means,
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:45
because it has to move the food --
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์Œ์‹์„ ์ด๋™์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:47
it has to mix all the various elements
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์†Œํ™”์— ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์™€
09:49
which we need for digestion.
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์„ž์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
This control of muscle is very, very important,
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๊ทผ์œก์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:54
because, you know, there can be reflexes.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
If you don't like a food, especially if you're a child, you gag.
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์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ, ๋จ„์•… ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์Œ์‹์ด ์‹ซ์œผ๋ฉด
09:59
It's this brain which makes this reflex.
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์ด ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
10:01
And then finally,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด,
10:03
it controls also the secretion of this molecular machinery,
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฌํ•œ ์Œ์‹์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์†Œํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
10:06
which actually digests the food we cook.
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์ด ๋ถ„์ž ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
Now how do the two brains work with each other?
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๋‘ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:12
I took here a model from robotics --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:15
it's called the Subsumption Architecture.
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ํฌ์„ญ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:18
What it means is that we have a layered control system.
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์ด ์šฉ์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ํ†ต์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
The lower layer, our gut brain,
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ธต์ธ ์žฅ ๋‡Œ๋Š”
10:23
has its own goals -- digestion defense --
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์†Œํ™” ๋ฐฉ์–ด ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
10:26
and we have the higher brain
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผ
10:28
with the goal of integration
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ํ–‰๋™์„ ์–‘์‚ฐํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š”
10:30
and generating behaviors.
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๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
Now both look -- and this is the blue arrows --
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰ ํ™”์‚ดํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ
10:35
both look to the same food, which is in the lumen
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๋ฃจ๋ฉ˜๊ณผ ์†Œ์žฅ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ์‹์„
10:38
and in the area of your intestine.
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๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
The big brain integrates signals,
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๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์žฅ ๋‡Œ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜
10:42
which come from the running programs
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ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„
10:44
of the lower brain,
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ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
10:46
But subsumption means
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ์„ญ์€
10:48
that the higher brain can interfere with the lower.
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๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‡Œ์— ๊ฐ„์„ญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
It can replace,
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๊ต์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
10:53
or it can inhibit actually, signals.
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ํ˜น์€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
So if we take two types of signals --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๋ณต๊ฐ™์€
10:58
a hunger signal for example.
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๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
11:00
If you have an empty stomach,
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:02
your stomach produces a hormone called ghrelin.
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์œ„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
It's a very big signal;
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๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ด์ฃ .
11:06
it's sent to the brain says,
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๋‡Œ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:08
"Go and eat."
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"๊ฐ€์„œ ๋จน์–ด."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ฃ .
11:10
You have stop signals --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
we have up to eight stop signals.
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8๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธˆ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:14
At least in my case,
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”,
11:16
they are not listened to.
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๊ธˆ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:20
So what happens
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š”
11:22
if the big brain in the integration
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๊ณ ์ฐจ์›์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:25
overrides the signal?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:27
So if you override the hunger signal,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:29
you can have a disorder, which is called anorexia.
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์‹์š•๋ถ€์ง„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณ‘๋ช…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Despite generating
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ
11:34
a healthy hunger signal,
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
11:36
the big brain ignores it
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๋‡Œ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ณ 
11:38
and activates different programs in the gut.
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์žฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
The more usual case
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์ข€๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด ์‚ฌํ•ญ์€
11:43
is overeating.
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๊ณผ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
It actually takes the signal
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
11:49
and changes it,
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๋ณ€ํ™” ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:51
and we continue,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†ํ•˜์ฃ ,
11:53
even [though] our eight signals would say, "Stop, enough.
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"๊ทธ๋งŒ, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ 
11:56
We have transferred enough energy."
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8๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
Now the interesting thing is that,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
12:00
along this lower layer -- this gut --
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ธต์ธ ์žฅ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
12:02
the signal becomes stronger and stronger
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์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์ ์  ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:05
if undigested, but digestible, material
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์†Œํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
12:08
could penetrate.
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์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:10
This we found from bariatric surgery.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
That then the signal would be very, very high.
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์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
So now back to the cooking question
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์ด์ œ ์š”๋ฆฌ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋””์ž์ธ์œผ๋กœ
12:20
and back to the design.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:22
We have learned to talk to the big brain --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
taste and reward, as you know.
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋ง›๊ณผ ๋ณด์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:27
Now what would be the language
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์žฅ ๋‡Œ์— ๋งํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
12:29
we have to talk to the gut brain
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์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:31
that its signals are so strong
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์ด ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
12:33
that the big brain cannot ignore it?
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๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
Then we would generate something
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:38
all of us would like to have --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””๊ณผ
12:40
a balance between the hunger
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ํฌ๋งŒ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„
12:42
and the satiation.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Now I give you, from our research, a very short claim.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์งง์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
This is fat digestion.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์†Œํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
You have on your left
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ขŒ์ธก์—
12:52
an olive oil droplet,
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์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ์˜ค์ผ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:54
and this olive oil droplet gets attacked by enzymes.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํšจ์†Œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
This is an in vitro experiment.
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์‹œํ—˜๊ด€ ์•ˆ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
It's very difficult to work in the intestine.
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์†Œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ž‘์—…ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
Now everyone would expect
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘
13:04
that when the degradation of the oil happens,
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์–ธ์ œ ์˜ค์ผ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€,
13:06
when the constituents are liberated,
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์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์–ธ์ œ ํ’€๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€,
13:08
they disappear, they go away
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์ œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ์—†์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ,
13:10
because they [were] absorbed.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ,
13:12
Actually, what happens is that a very intricate structure appears.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ๋‚œํ•ดํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:15
And I hope you can see
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ
13:17
that there are some ring-like structures in the middle image,
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๋ฌผ์ธ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์—์„œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋‘ฅ๊ตฐ ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
13:19
which is water.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
This whole system generates a huge surface
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์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ํฐ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ์–‘์‚ฐํ•ด
13:24
to allow more enzymes
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์ข€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:26
to attack the remaining oil.
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๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค์ผ์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
And finally, on your right side,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด, ์šฐ์ธก์—
13:30
you see a bubbly,
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๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ,
13:32
cell-like structure appearing,
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์…€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
13:34
from which the body will absorb the fat.
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒด๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Now if we could take this language --
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์ด ์–ธ์–ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€
13:40
and this is a language of structures --
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์ข€ ๋” ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ
13:43
and make it longer-lasting,
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์ง€์†์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:46
that it can go through
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์ด๋Š” ์†Œ์žฅ์˜ ํ†ต๋กœ๋ฅผ
13:48
the passage of the intestine,
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ํ†ต๊ณผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:51
it would generate stronger signals.
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๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์–‘์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
So our research --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ
13:57
and I think the research also at the universities --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
13:59
are now fixing on these points
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์ด ๊ด€์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ
14:01
to say: how can we actually --
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ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ,
14:03
and this might sound trivial now to you --
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์ง„๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
14:05
how can we change cooking?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:07
How can we cook
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ
14:09
that we have this language developed?
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๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
14:12
So what we have actually, it's not an omnivore's dilemma.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ์žก์‹์„ฑ์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
We have a coctivor's opportunity,
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์ฝ•ํ‹ฐ๋ณด๋ฅด(์—ญ์ฃผ: ์š”๋ฆฌํ•ด์„œ ๋จน๋Š” ์‹์„ฑ)์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:18
because we have learned over the last two million years
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 2 ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ง›๊ณผ ๋ณด์ƒ์ธ์ง€,
14:21
which taste and reward --
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๋ฐฐ์›Œ ์ข€๋” ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ฒŒ
14:24
quite sophisticated to cook --
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์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ธฐ์จ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
14:26
to please ourselves, to satisfy ourselves.
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๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
If we add the matrix,
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์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
14:30
if we add the structure language, which we have to learn,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:33
when we learn it, then we can put it back;
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•œ ์ดํ›„์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—
14:35
and around energy,
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ ๋•Œ,
14:37
we could generate a balance,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์š”๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
14:39
which comes out
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์˜จ ๊ท ํ˜•์„
14:41
from our really primordial operation: cooking.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
14:45
So, to make cooking really
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ
14:48
a very important element,
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:50
I would say even philosophers have to change
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์ €๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:52
and have to finally recognize
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
14:54
that cooking is what made us.
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
So I would say, coquo ergo sum:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” "์ฝ”์ฟ ์˜ค ์—๋ฅด๊ณ  ์„ฌ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
I cook, therefore I am.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
15:02
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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