How architecture helped music evolve | David Byrne

498,527 views ใƒป 2010-06-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Joanne Jung Eun Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : ChangHyun Lee
00:16
This is the venue
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š”
00:18
where, as a young man,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„๋•Œ
00:20
some of the music that I wrote was first performed.
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์ผ์—ˆ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์—ฐ๋œ ์žฅ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
It was, remarkably,
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ์•„์ฃผ
00:25
a pretty good sounding room.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์šด๋”ฉ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
With all the uneven walls and all the crap everywhere,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šธํ‰๋ถˆํ‰ํ•œ ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋Š˜์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ์žก๋™ ์‚ฌ๋‹ˆ๋“ค ๋•์—
00:29
it actually sounded pretty good.
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๊ฝค ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
This is a song that was recorded there.
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์ด ๊ณก์ด ์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋…น์Œ๋œ ๊ณก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
00:36
This is not Talking Heads,
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์ด๊ฑด Talking Heads ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (David Byrne ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ปฌ/์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ–ˆ๋˜ 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน)
00:39
in the picture anyway.
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์ ์–ด๋„ ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋Š”์š”.
00:41
(Music: "A Clean Break (Let's Work)" by Talking Heads)
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(Talking heads ์˜ A Clean Break (Let's work) ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณก์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ด)
00:49
So the nature of the room
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์€
00:51
meant that words could be understood.
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๋ง์ด ์ž˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”
00:53
The lyrics of the songs could be pretty much understood.
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๊ณก์˜ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:55
The sound system was kind of decent.
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์‚ฌ์šด๋”ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿญ์ €๋Ÿญ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
And there wasn't a lot of reverberation in the room.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ผ์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:01
So the rhythms
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๋„ ๊ฝค
01:03
could be pretty intact too,
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๋ณธ์งˆ ์ ์ด๊ณ 
01:05
pretty concise.
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์ •ํ™• ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
Other places around the country had similar rooms.
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๋‚˜๋ผ์•ˆ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
01:09
This is Tootsie's Orchid Lounge in Nashville.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Nashville ์— ์žˆ๋Š” Tootsie's Orchid Lounge ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
The music was in some ways different,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ•œ ์Œ์•…์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
but in structure and form,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ํ‹€๊ณผ ํ˜•์‹์€
01:17
very much the same.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ง€์š”.
01:19
The clientele behavior was very much the same too.
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๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘๋“ค๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฐ™์•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
01:24
And so the bands at Tootsie's
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Tootsi ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐด๋“œ๋“ค์€
01:26
or at CBGB's
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CBGB ์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฌ์š”,
01:28
had to play loud enough --
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์Œ์•…์„ ํ•˜์ฃผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
the volume had to be loud enough to overcome
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ
01:33
people falling down, shouting out
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์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์—ˆ์ด๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—
01:35
and doing whatever else they were doing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ด€์ค‘๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์„ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:37
Since then, I've played other places
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๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ, ์ €๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
that are much nicer.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
01:41
I've played the Disney Hall here
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๋””์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ ํ™€์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:44
and Carnegie Hall and places like that.
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์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
And it's been very exciting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
But I also noticed that sometimes the music
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฑด,
01:51
that I had written,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด
01:53
or was writing at the time,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด
01:55
didn't sound all that great
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์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™€ ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”
01:57
in some of those halls.
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๊ทธ๋‹ฅ ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
We managed,
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:01
but sometimes those halls didn't seem exactly suited
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™€๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ œ๊ฐ€
02:04
to the music I was making
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์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜, ํ˜น์€ ์ผ๋˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค๊ณผ๋Š”
02:06
or had made.
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์ž˜ ๋งž์ง€ ์•‰๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:08
So I asked myself:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
Do I write stuff
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ๋”
02:11
for specific rooms?
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์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
02:13
Do I have a place, a venue,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ• ๋•Œ์—
02:15
in mind when I write?
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‘๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
02:17
Is that a kind of model for creativity?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์— ๋งž๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ๊ฐ€?
02:19
Do we all make things with
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋•Œ,
02:21
a venue, a context, in mind?
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๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์„ ์žฅ์†Œ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์—ผ๋‘ํ•ด ๋‘๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฐ€?
02:25
Okay, Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:27
(Music: "Wenlenga" / Various artists)
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(์Œ์•…: Wenlenga- ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ)
02:34
Most of the popular music that we know now
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฆ˜ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:37
has a big part of its roots in West Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์„œ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ทผ์›์„ ๋‘๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
And the music there,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€,
02:42
I would say, the instruments,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”, ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:44
the intricate rhythms,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๋“ค,
02:46
the way it's played, the setting, the context,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ™ฉ๋“ฑ์ด
02:49
it's all perfect. It all works perfect.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์™„๋ฒฝ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋˜์ง€์š”.
02:51
The music works perfectly in that setting.
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๊ทธ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด ์™„๋ฒฝํžˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
There's no big room
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋˜์šธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‚˜
02:56
to create reverberation and confuse the rhythms.
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๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•  ํฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
The instruments are loud enough
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์„œ
03:01
that they can be heard without amplification, etc., etc.
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์Œ์˜ ์ฆํญ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์ด ์—†์ด ๋“ค๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
It's no accident.
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ์—ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:05
It's perfect for that particular context.
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๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
And it would be a mess
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š”
03:10
in a context like this. This is a gothic cathedral.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์—‰๋ง ์ง•์ฐฝ์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋”•์–‘์‹์˜ ๋Œ€ ์„ฑ๋‹น ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
(Music: "Spem In Alium" by Thomas Tallis)
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(์Œ์•…: Thomas Tallis ์˜ Spn In Alium)
03:19
In a gothic cathedral, this kind of music is perfect.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋”• ๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Œ์•…์ด ๋”ฑ ๋งž์ง€์š”.
03:25
It doesn't change key, the notes are long,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€ ์Œ์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์Œ์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ ์š”.
03:27
there's almost no rhythm whatsoever,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ ์ด๋ผ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€์š”.
03:32
and the room flatters the music.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์Œ์•…์„ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
It actually improves it.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
03:36
This is the room that Bach
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋ฐ”ํ๊ฐ€
03:38
wrote some of his music for. This is the organ.
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณก๋“ค์„ ์ผ๋˜ ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฐ„ ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
03:41
It's not as big as a gothic cathedral,
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๋Œ€์„ฑ๋‹น ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ๊ณณ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
03:43
so he can write things that are a little bit more intricate.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
He can, very innovatively,
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๊ทธ๋Š”, ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐœ์ „์ ์ด๊ฒŒ๋„,
03:48
actually change keys
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์Œ์˜ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
without risking huge dissonances.
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ํฐ ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์„ ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„์š”.
03:52
(Music: "Fantasia On Jesu, Mein Freunde" by Johann S. Bach)
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(์Œ์•…: Johann S. Bach ์˜ Fantasa On Jesu, Mein Freunde)
04:00
This is a little bit later.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋‚˜์ค‘์—,
04:02
This is the kind of rooms that Mozart wrote in.
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๋ชจ์ฐจ๋ฅดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
I think we're in like 1770, somewhere around there.
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1770๋…„๋Œ€ ์ฏค ์ธ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”.
04:08
They're smaller, even less reverberant,
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž‘๊ณ , ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋œ ์šธ๋ฆผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ณณ ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:10
so he can write really frilly music
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์Œ์•…์„ ์ž‘๊ณก ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
that's very intricate -- and it works.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (?)
04:16
(Music: "Sonata in F," KV 13, by Wolfgang A. Mozart)
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(์Œ์•…: Wolfgang A.Mozart ์˜ Sonata in F. KV13)
04:19
It fits the room perfectly.
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์ด ์Œ์•…์€ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์•„์ฃผ ๋”ฑ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
This is La Scala.
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์ด๊ฑด La Scala* ์ธ๋ฐ์š” (*์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฐ€๋ž€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค)
04:27
It's around the same time,
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์ƒ๊ธด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:29
I think it was built around 1776.
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์ œ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ 1776๋…„์ •๋„์— ์ง€์–ด์ง„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
People in the audience in these opera houses, when they were built,
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์ด ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์„๋•Œ, ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ด€๊ฐ๋“ค์€
04:34
they used to yell out to one another.
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งˆ๋ฅด๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
They used to eat, drink and yell out to people on the stage,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋จน๊ณ , ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์ง€์—์„œ
04:39
just like they do at CBGB's and places like that.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. CBGB ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
04:41
If they liked an aria,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์•„๋ฆฌ์•„*๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, (*์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์•…๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…์ฐฝ๊ณก)
04:43
they would holler and suggest
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
04:45
that it be done again as an encore,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋ฉฐ ์•ต์ฝœ ์š”์ฒญ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
not at the end of the show, but immediately.
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์‡ผ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฐ”๋กœ์š”.
04:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:54
And well, that was an opera experience.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:57
This is the opera house that Wagner built for himself.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ (Wagner) ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์€ ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
And the size of the room is not that big.
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€์š”.
05:04
It's smaller than this.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์žฅ์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ž‘์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:06
But Wagner made an innovation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊ทธ๋„ˆ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
He wanted a bigger band.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ํฐ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:10
He wanted a little more bombast,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๊ณผ์žฅ ๋œ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์›ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
so he increased the size of the orchestra pit
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ์˜ ํ•์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์—ฌ์„œ
05:14
so he could get more low-end instruments in there.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— low-end ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋„ฃ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:17
(Music: "Lohengrin / Prelude to Act III" by Richard Wagner)
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(์Œ์•…: Richard Wagner ์˜ Lohengrin/ Prelude to Act III')
05:27
Okay.
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๋„ค.
05:30
This is Carnegie Hall.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
Obviously, this kind of thing became popular.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
The halls got bigger. Carnegie Hall's fair-sized.
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ํ™€๋“ค์ด ์ปค์กŒ์ง€์š”. ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ํŽธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
It's larger than some of the other symphony halls.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ฌํฌ๋‹ˆ ํ™€ ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•„์ฃผ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
And they're a lot more reverberant
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  La Scala ๋ณด๋‹ค
05:43
than La Scala.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์šธ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
05:45
Around the same,
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๊ทธ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ,
05:47
according to Alex Ross who writes for the New Yorker,
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๋‰ด์š”์ปค ์ง€์— ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” Alex Ross ์— ๋ง์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
05:50
this kind of rule came into effect
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฃฐ๋“ค์€
05:53
that audiences had to be quiet --
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๊ด€์ค‘๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์šฉ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
no more eating, drinking and yelling at the stage,
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๋”์ด์ƒ ๋จน์„์ˆ˜๋„, ๋งˆ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋„, ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์ง€์—์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
05:57
or gossiping with one another
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๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ
05:59
during the show.
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๊ฐ€์‰ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์ง€์š”.
06:01
They had to be very quiet.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
So those two things combined meant that
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์ด ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰
06:05
a different kind of music
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™€ ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”
06:07
worked best in these kind of halls.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์Œ์•…์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
It meant that there could be extreme dynamics,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ‰ ๊ณผ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด๋‚˜๋ฏนํ•จ-
06:12
which there weren't in some of these
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์—๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜-
06:14
other kinds of music.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋œปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
Quiet parts could be heard
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์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค-
06:18
that would have been drowned out
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๊ฐ€์‰ฝ๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ•จ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํŒŒ๋ฌปํ˜€ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ
06:20
by all the gossiping and shouting.
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๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
But because of the reverberation
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜
06:24
in those rooms like Carnegie Hall,
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์šธ๋ฆผ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:26
the music had to be maybe a little less rhythmic
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์Œ์•…๋“ค์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋œ ๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ฏธ์ปฌ ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
06:28
and a little more textural.
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ์งœ์ž„์ƒˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
(Music: "Symphony No. 8 in E Flat Major" by Gustav Mahler)
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(์Œ์•…: Gustav Mahler ์˜ Symphony No.8 in E Flat Major)
06:33
This is Mahler.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Mahler ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
It looks like Bob Dylan, but it's Mahler.
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Bob Dylan ๊ฐ™์ง€๋งŒ Mahler ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
That was Bob's last record, yeah.
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Bob ์˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์•จ๋ฒ” ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”. ๋„ค.
06:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:47
Popular music, coming along at the same time.
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ํŒ ๋ฎค์ง๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
This is a jazz band.
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์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋ฐด๋“œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
According to Scott Joplin, the bands were playing
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Scott Joplin ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ๋ฐด๋“œ๋Š”
06:55
on riverboats and clubs.
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๊ฐ• ๋ฐฐ์œ„์—์„œ๋‚˜ ํด๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Again, it's noisy. They're playing for dancers.
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๋˜, ์‹œ๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
There's certain sections of the song -- the songs had different sections
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์„ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:02
that the dancers really liked.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
And they'd say, "Play that part again."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”' ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
07:06
Well, there's only so many times
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๊ณ„์†
07:08
you can play the same section of a song over and over again for the dancers.
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๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•ด์ค„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:11
So the bands started to improvise new melodies.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐด๋“œ๋“ค์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋”” ๋“ค์„ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And a new form of music was born.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜•์‹์˜ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
(Music: "Royal Garden Blues" by W.C. Handy / Ethel Waters)
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(์Œ์•…: W.C.Handy/Ethel waters ์˜ Royal Garden Blues)
07:26
These are played mainly in small rooms.
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์ด ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž‘์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
People are dancing, shouting and drinking.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ถค์ถ”๊ณ , ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ .
07:32
So the music has to be loud enough
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Œ์•…์€ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ
07:34
to be heard above that.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋ฌ์—ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
Same thing goes true for -- that's the beginning of the century --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜- ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ
07:39
for the whole of 20th-century popular music,
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์Œ์•…๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์šฉ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
whether it's rock or Latin music or whatever.
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๋ฝ ์ด๋˜์ง€, ๋ผํ‹ด ์Œ์•… ์ด๋˜์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—์š”.
07:44
[Live music] doesn't really change that much.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์ง€์š”.
07:47
It changes about a third of the way into the 20th century,
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ•œ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์ž ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
when this became
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ์Œ์•…์˜
07:53
one of the primary venues for music.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”
07:56
And this was one way
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์Œ์•…์ด
07:58
that the music got there.
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์ ˆ๋‹ฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Microphones enabled singers, in particular,
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋“ค,
08:03
and musicians and composers,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค, ์ž‘๊ณก๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
08:05
to completely change the kind of music
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์ž‘๊ณก ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋“ค์„
08:07
that they were writing.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
So far, a lot of the stuff that was on the radio was live music,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์Œ์•… ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:12
but singers, like Frank Sinatra,
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Frank Sinatra ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋Š”
08:15
could use the mic
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
08:17
and do things
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜
08:19
that they could never do without a microphone.
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๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Other singers after him
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๊ฐ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์€
08:24
went even further.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ”์ง€์š”.
08:26
(Music: "My Funny Valentine" by Chet Baker)
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(์Œ์•…: Chet Baker ์˜ My Funny Valentine)
08:33
This is Chet Baker.
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Chet Baker ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
And this kind of thing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ ๋“ค์€
08:37
would have been impossible without a microphone.
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๋งˆ์ดํฌ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฒƒ ๋“ค ์ด์ง€์š”.
08:39
It would have been impossible without recorded music as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋…น์Œ๋œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค๋กœ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
And he's singing right into your ear.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ท€์— ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€์š”.
08:44
He's whispering into your ears.
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๋‹น์‹ ์— ๊ท€์— ๋Œ€๊ณ  ์†์‚ญ์ด๋“ฏ์ด์š”.
08:46
The effect is just electric.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๋“ฏ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
08:48
It's like the guy is sitting next to you,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹  ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„์„œ,
08:50
whispering who knows what into your ear.
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๋ญ˜ ๋งํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ„์—, ์†์‚ญ์ด๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
So at this point, music diverged.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์Œ์•…์€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
There's live music,
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๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ์Œ์•…๊ณผ
08:59
and there's recorded music.
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๋…น์Œ๋œ ์Œ์•…์œผ๋กœ์š”.
09:01
And they no longer have to be exactly the same.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ์ด์ œ ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
Now there's venues like this, a discotheque,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋””์Šค์ฝ” ํ…์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
09:07
and there's jukeboxes in bars,
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๋ฐ”์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฅฌํฌ๋ฐ•์Šค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
where you don't even need to have a band.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ๋“ค ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:11
There doesn't need to be any
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๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ๋กœ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
09:13
live performing musicians whatsoever,
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ํ•„์š” ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
and the sound systems are good.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
People began to make music
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋””์Šค์ฝ”์— ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ
09:21
specifically for discos
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๋งž์ถ˜ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—
09:24
and for those sound systems.
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์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And, as with jazz,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ์ฆˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด,
09:29
the dancers liked certain sections
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๋Œ„์„œ๋“ค์ด ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค
09:32
more than they did others.
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์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:34
So the early hip-hop guys would loop certain sections.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํž™ํ•ฉ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
09:37
(Music: "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang)
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(์Œ์•…: The sugarhill gang ์˜ Rapper's delight)
09:45
The MC would improvise lyrics
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MC๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
in the same way that the jazz players would improvise melodies.
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์žฌ์ฆˆ ์—ฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋””๋ฅผ ์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ๋“ฏ์ด์š”.
09:50
And another new form of music was born.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์Œ์•…์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
Live performance, when it was incredibly successful,
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๋ผ์ด๋ธŒ ๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘์—ˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ,
09:57
ended up in what is probably, acoustically,
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์–ด์ฟ ์Šคํ‹ฑ ํ•œ ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
10:00
the worst sounding venues on the planet:
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ์šด๋”ฉ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
10:03
sports stadiums,
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์šด๋™ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ์ด๋‚˜, ๋†๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ, ํ•˜ํ‚ค ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€
10:05
basketball arenas and hockey arenas.
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๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ๋˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
Musicians who ended up there did the best they could.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋œ ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„ ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹ค ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:10
They wrote what is now called arena rock,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ '๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์žฅ ๋ฝ' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์Œ์•…๋“ค์„ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
which is medium-speed ballads.
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์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์Šคํ”ผ๋“œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ผ๋“œ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
10:14
(Music: "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For" by U2)
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(์Œ์•…: U2 ์˜ I still haven't found what I'm Looking for)
10:22
They did the best they could
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์„œ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
10:24
given that this is what they're writing for.
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์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
The tempos are medium. It sounds big.
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ํ…œํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์ด๊ณ , ์Œํ–ฅ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ์ง€์š”.
10:30
It's more a social situation
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์ด๊ฑด ์Œ์•… ์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
10:32
than a musical situation.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ง€์š”.
10:34
And in some ways, the music
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
10:36
that they're writing for this place
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์“ด ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ
10:38
works perfectly.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํšจ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:41
So there's more new venues.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
10:44
One of the new ones is the automobile.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
I grew up with a radio in a car.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์™€ ํ•จ๊ผ ์ž๋ž๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
10:48
But now that's evolved into something else.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
The car is a whole venue.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ ์—ญํ™œ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
(Music: "Who U Wit" by Lil' Jon & the East Side Boyz)
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(์Œ์•…: Lil' Jon ์™€ The East Side Boyz ์˜ Who U Wit)
10:57
The music that, I would say, is written
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์Œ์•…, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”,
11:00
for automobile sound systems
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‚ฌ์šด๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง„ ์Œ์•…์€
11:02
works perfectly on it.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
It might not be what you want to listen to at home,
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์ง‘์—์„œ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์Œ์•…์ด ๋ ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
11:07
but it works great in the car --
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์ฐจ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ ์ ˆ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
11:09
has a huge frequency spectrum,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋นˆ๋„์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋Ÿผ์ด ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”,
11:12
you know, big bass and high-end
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค ์‹œํ”ผ, ํฐ ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์Œํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์„ธ๋ จ๋จ
11:14
and the voice kind of stuck in the middle.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ๊ปด์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ๊นŒ์ง€.
11:17
Automobile music, you can share with your friends.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ ์Œ์•…์€, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋“ค์„์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
There's one other kind of new venue,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์žฅ์†Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
the private MP3 player.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์šฉ MP3 ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
Presumably, this is just for Christian music.
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์•„๋งˆ, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฑค ์Œ์•…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
11:28
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:34
And in some ways it's like Carnegie Hall,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฑด ์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ํ™€๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
or when the audience had to hush up,
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๋“ฃ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:39
because you can now hear every single detail.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์„ธ์„ธํ•œ ๋””๋ฐ์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
In other ways, it's more like the West African music
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์„œ๋ถ€ ์Œ์•…๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
because if the music in an MP3 player gets too quiet,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด MP3 ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด ์ง€๋ฉด
11:47
you turn it up, and the next minute,
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์Œ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
11:49
your ears are blasted out by a louder passage.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์งˆ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:52
So that doesn't really work.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
I think pop music, mainly,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ํŠนํžˆ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์“ฐ์ธ
11:56
it's written today,
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ํŒ ์Œ์•…๋“ค์€
11:58
to some extent, is written for these kind of players,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
for this kind of personal experience
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋””ํ…Œ์ผ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ค์„์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:03
where you can hear extreme detail,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
12:05
but the dynamic doesn't change that much.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์ด๋‚ด๋ฏน ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
So I asked myself:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
Okay, is this
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๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์—
12:13
a model for creation,
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๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ๊ฐ€,
12:15
this adaptation that we do?
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์‘ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด?
12:18
And does it happen anywhere else?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
12:20
Well, according to David Attenborough and some other people,
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, David Attenborough ์™€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์š”,
12:23
birds do it too --
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์ƒˆ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
that the birds in the canopy,
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์šฐ๊ฑฐ์ง„ ์ˆฒ- ์บ๋…ธํ”ผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€
12:28
where the foliage is dense,
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์ฆ‰, ์žŽ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
12:30
their calls tend to be
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง–์Œ์€
12:32
high-pitched, short and repetitive.
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๋†’์€ ์Œ๊ณผ ์งง๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
And the birds on the floor
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€
12:38
tend to have lower pitched calls,
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ €๊ท„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
so that they don't get distorted
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
12:42
when they bounce off the forest floor.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ์น˜๊ณ  ์šธ๋ฆผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
12:45
And birds like this Savannah sparrow,
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Savannah sparrow ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€
12:49
they tend to have a buzzing
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์œ™์œ™ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šธ๋ฆผ์˜
12:51
(Sound clip: Savannah sparrow song)
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(Savannah Sparrow ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด ํด๋ฆฝ)
12:53
type call.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
And it turns out that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
12:58
a sound like this
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๋ฐํ˜€์ง€๊ธฐ๋กœ๋Š”
13:00
is the most energy efficient and practical way
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ
13:03
to transmit their call
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savannahs ์•ˆ์—์„œ
13:06
across the fields and savannahs.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ• ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
13:10
Other birds, like this tanager,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ๋“ค, ์ด๋Ÿฐ tananger ๋“ค์€
13:13
have adapted within the same species.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…์กฑ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ ์‘ํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
The tananger on the East Coast of the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋™๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ- ์ˆฒ๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ฌด์„ฑํ•œ
13:18
where the forests are a little denser,
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์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” tananger ์ƒˆ๋“ค์€
13:20
has one kind of call,
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ ์š”,
13:22
and the tananger on the other side, on the west
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์„œ๋ถ€ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” tananger ๋“ค์€
13:25
(Sound clip: Scarlet tanager song)
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(Scarlet tananger ์˜ ์ง€์ €๊ท ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
13:27
has a different kind of call.
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๋˜ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
(Sound clip: Scarlet tanager song)
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(Scarlet tananger ์˜ ์ง€์ €๊ท ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
13:35
So birds do it too.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ƒˆ๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋‹ค ์ด๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
13:38
And I thought:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
Well, if this is a model for creation,
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์Œ, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๊ณ 
13:43
if we make music,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”,
13:45
primarily the form at least,
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์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„
13:48
to fit these contexts,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ฉด,
13:50
and if we make art to fit gallery walls or museum walls,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐค๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฒฝ
13:53
and if we write software to fit existing operating systems,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด,
13:58
is that how it works?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์ผ๊นŒ?
14:01
Yeah. I think it's evolutionary.
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๋„ค. ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
It's adaptive.
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์ ์‘ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ฃ .
14:05
But the pleasure and the passion and the joy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์จ, ์—ด์ • ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์€
14:07
is still there.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
This is a reverse view of things
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•จ์˜ ์‹œ์ ๊ณผ๋Š”
14:12
from the kind of traditional Romantic view.
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์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์‹œ์ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ง€์š”.
14:14
The Romantic view is that
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๋กœ๋งจํ‹ฑํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์€
14:16
first comes the passion
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๋จผ์ € ์—ด์ •์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
14:18
and then the outpouring of emotion,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋„˜์ณ์„œ,
14:20
and then somehow it gets shaped into something.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์–ด์จ‹๋“  ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
And I'm saying,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€,
14:25
well, the passion's still there,
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์—ด์ •์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
but the vessel
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์—ด์ •์ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
14:29
that it's going to be injected into and poured into,
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๋„ฃ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง๊ด€์ ์ธ
14:32
that is instinctively and intuitively
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ํ†ต๋กœ๋Š”
14:34
created first.
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๋จผ์ € ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
We already know where that passion is going.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์—ด์ •์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:43
But this conflict of views is kind of interesting.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์ง€์š”.
14:46
The writer,
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์ž‘๊ฐ€
14:48
Thomas Frank,
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Thomas Frank ๋Š”
14:50
says that
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๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:52
this might be a kind of explanation
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™œ ์ข…์ข… ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
14:54
why some voters vote
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์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์ตœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฐ˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์—
14:56
against their best interests,
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
14:58
that voters, like a lot of us,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํˆฌํ‘œ์ž๋“ค, ์ฆ‰ ๋งŽ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์• ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
15:01
assume, that if they hear something that sounds like it's sincere,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:04
that it's coming from the gut, that it's passionate,
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์—ด์ •์ ์ด๊ณ 
15:06
that it's more authentic.
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์ฆ‰ํฅ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ค์„๋•Œ
15:08
And they'll vote for that.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•œํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์งˆ ๊ฒƒ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
So that, if somebody can fake sincerity,
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๊ทธ ๋ง์ธ ์ฆ‰์Šจ, ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ณ ,
15:12
if they can fake passion,
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์—ด์ •์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:15
they stand a better chance
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฝ‘ํž์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:17
of being selected in that way,
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋” ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ง€์š”.
15:21
which seems a little dangerous.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ผ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
I'm saying the two, the passion, the joy,
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์ œ ๋ง์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€, ์—ด์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๋“ค์ด
15:28
are not mutually exclusive.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋…์ ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:30
Maybe what the world needs now is for us to realize
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์•„๋งˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
15:33
that we are like the birds.
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์ƒˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ณ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ ์ผ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
We adapt.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:37
We sing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
And like the birds, the joy is still there,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์ด ์•„์ง ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
even though we have changed what we do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—
15:44
to fit the context.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
15:46
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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