Andrew Mwenda: Let's take a new look at African aid

108,948 views ・ 2007-09-04

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Yukyung Kim κ²€ν† : Jung-Hoon Jee
00:26
I am very, very happy to be amidst some of the most --
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μ €λŠ” 이 μžλ¦¬μ— μ„œκ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ ν–‰λ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
the lights are really disturbing my eyes
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μ‘°λͺ…λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 눈이 λΆ€μ‹œλ„€μš”.
00:32
and they're reflecting on my glasses.
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제 μ•ˆκ²½μ—λ„ λ°˜μ‚¬λ˜κ³ μš”.
00:34
I am very happy and honored to be amidst
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μ €λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό ν–‰λ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
very, very innovative and intelligent people.
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κ°€μž₯ ν˜μ‹ μ μ΄κ³  지적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄μ„œ 말이죠.
00:41
I have listened to the three previous speakers,
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저도 λ¨Όμ € μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ μ„Έ λΆ„μ˜ 강연을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
and guess what happened?
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그런데 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ­λƒλ©΄μš”.
00:46
Every single thing I planned to say, they have said it here,
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κ·Έ 뢄듀이 μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λ €κ³  ν–ˆλ˜ κ±Έ μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ λΆ€λΆ„λ“€κΉŒμ§€ μ „λΆ€ 말씀해 λ²„λ Έλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
and it looks and sounds like I have nothing else to say.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ 더 말할 것이 없을 κ±° κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:55
But there is a saying in my culture
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 저희 λ‚˜λΌμ—λŠ” 이런 속담이 있죠.
00:58
that if a bud leaves a tree without saying something,
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아무 말없이 λ‚˜λ¬΄λ₯Ό λ– λ‚˜λŠ” μƒˆλŠ”
01:03
that bud is a young one.
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μ–΄λ¦° μƒˆλΌκ³ μš”.
01:06
So, I will -- since I am not young and am very old,
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μ €λŠ” μ ŠκΈ°λŠ” 컀녕 맀우 λŠ™μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:11
I still will say something.
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ ν•  말이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
We are hosting this conference at a very opportune moment,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ μ ˆν•œ μ‹œκΈ°μ— 이 회의λ₯Ό μ£Όμ΅œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
because another conference is taking place in Berlin.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ λ˜λ‹€λ₯Έ νšŒμ˜κ°€ λ² λ₯Όλ¦°μ—μ„œ 개졜되고 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:20
It is the G8 Summit.
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λ°”λ‘œ G8 μ •μƒνšŒλ‹΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
The G8 Summit proposes that the solution to Africa's problems
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G8 μ •μƒνšŒλ‹΄μ€ 아프리카 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•΄κ²°μ±…μœΌλ‘œ
01:30
should be a massive increase in aid,
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원쑰λ₯Ό 크게 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚¬ 것을 μ œμ•ˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
something akin to the Marshall Plan.
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λ§ˆμƒ¬ ν”Œλžœκ³Ό μœ μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ 말이죠.
01:35
Unfortunately, I personally do not believe in the Marshall Plan.
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μœ κ°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œλ„ μ €λŠ” 개인적으둜 λ§ˆμƒ¬ ν”Œλžœμ„ μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
One, because the benefits of the Marshall Plan have been overstated.
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첫째, λ§ˆμƒ¬ ν”Œλžœμ—μ„œ 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” 이읡이 κ³Όμž₯λ˜μ–΄ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
Its largest recipients were Germany and France,
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μ΄κ²ƒμ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 μˆ˜λ ΉμžλŠ” 독일과 ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
and it was only 2.5 percent of their GDP.
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μˆ˜λ Ήμ•‘μ€ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ GDP의 2.5%밖에 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
01:50
An average African country receives foreign aid
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아프리카 ꡭ가듀은 ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ κ·Έλ“€ GDP의 13μ—μ„œ 15% μ •λ„μ˜
01:53
to the tune of 13, 15 percent of its GDP,
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ν•΄μ™Έ 원쑰λ₯Ό λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
and that is an unprecedented transfer of financial resources
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ„ μ§„κ΅­μ—μ„œ ν›„μ§„κ΅­μœΌλ‘œ 금육자본이 μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ”
02:02
from rich countries to poor countries.
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κ²½μš°λŠ” μ „λ‘€κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
But I want to say that there are two things we need to connect.
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μ €λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이것과 연결지어야 ν•  두 가지 사항이 μžˆμŒμ„ λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
How the media covers Africa in the West, and the consequences of that.
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μ–Έλ‘ μ—μ„œ 아프리카λ₯Ό μ„œλ°©μ— λ³΄λ„ν•˜λŠ” 방법과 κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
02:14
By displaying despair, helplessness and hopelessness,
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절망과 무λ ₯함을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€ŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
02:17
the media is telling the truth about Africa, and nothing but the truth.
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언둠은 아프리카에 λŒ€ν•œ 진싀을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
However, the media is not telling us the whole truth.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 언둠이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λͺ¨λ“  진싀을 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€μš”.
02:27
Because despair, civil war, hunger and famine,
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절망, λ‚΄μ „, κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦Όκ³Ό 기근이
02:31
although they're part and parcel of our African reality,
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우리 아프리카 ν˜„μ‹€μ˜ 일뢀뢄이라해도
02:35
they are not the only reality.
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그것듀이 ν˜„μ‹€μ˜ μ „λΆ€λŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
And secondly, they are the smallest reality.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ, 그것듀은 ν˜„μ‹€μ˜ μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ 일뢀일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Africa has 53 nations.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ” 53개ꡭ이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
We have civil wars only in six countries,
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κ·Έ 쀑 였직 6개의 κ΅­κ°€λ“€λ§Œμ΄ 내전을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
which means that the media are covering only six countries.
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이것은 언둠이 였직 6κ°œκ΅­λ§Œμ„ λ³΄λ„ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Africa has immense opportunities that never navigate
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—λŠ” λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
through the web of despair and helplessness
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μ„œλ°© 언둠듀이 μ‹œμ²­μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 주둜 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆλ˜
02:54
that the Western media largely presents to its audience.
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절망과 무λ ₯ν•¨μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ 방솑이 닀루지 μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ κΈ°νšŒλ“€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
But the effect of that presentation is, it appeals to sympathy.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 λ³΄λ„λ“€μ˜ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” 동정에 ν˜Έμ†Œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
It appeals to pity. It appeals to something called charity.
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그것은 연민을 ν˜Έμ†Œν–ˆκ³  μžμ„ μ„ ν˜Έμ†Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
And, as a consequence, the Western view
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 경제적 λ”œλ ˆλ§ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ
03:11
of Africa's economic dilemma is framed wrongly.
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ μ‹œμ„ μ€ 잘λͺ» ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
The wrong framing is a product of thinking
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 잘λͺ»λœ μ‹œμ„ μ€ 아프리카가 절망의 μž₯μ†ŒλΌλŠ”
03:20
that Africa is a place of despair.
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μ‚¬κ³ μ˜ 산물이죠.
03:23
What should we do with it? We should give food to the hungry.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μ‚¬κ³ λ‘œ 무엇을 ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μš”? κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° 곳에 μŒμ‹μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ•Όμ£ .
03:26
We should deliver medicines to those who are ill.
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병든 ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 약을 μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ μš”.
03:29
We should send peacekeeping troops
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내전을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ 돕기 μœ„ν•΄
03:31
to serve those who are facing a civil war.
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평화 μœ μ§€κ΅°μ„ 보내야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
And in the process, Africa has been stripped of self-initiative.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ£Όλ„κΆŒμ„ μžƒκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
I want to say that it is important to recognize
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아프리카가 근본적인 취약점을 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을
03:41
that Africa has fundamental weaknesses.
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μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
But equally, it has opportunities and a lot of potential.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ™μ‹œμ—, κΈ°νšŒμ™€ λ§Žμ€ κ°€λŠ₯성을 가지고 있죠.
03:48
We need to reframe the challenge that is facing Africa,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아프리카가 μ§μ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 도전듀을 λ‹€μ‹œ ꡬ성해야 ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
from a challenge of despair,
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절망의 λ„μ „μ—μ„œ,
03:54
which is called poverty reduction,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 빈곀 ν‡΄μΉ˜λΌλŠ” 절망 말이죠.
03:58
to a challenge of hope.
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그것을 희망의 λ„μ „μœΌλ‘œ.
04:00
We frame it as a challenge of hope, and that is worth creation.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이것을 희망의 λ„μ „μœΌλ‘œ ꡬ성해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ΄λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ 있죠.
04:04
The challenge facing all those who are interested in Africa
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아프리카에 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 직면할 도전은
04:07
is not the challenge of reducing poverty.
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λΉˆκ³€μ„ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•œ 도전이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
It should be a challenge of creating wealth.
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이것은 λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 도전이죠.
04:12
Once we change those two things --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 두 가지λ₯Ό λ°”κΏ€ 수만 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:15
if you say the Africans are poor and they need poverty reduction,
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κ·Έμ € 아프리카인듀은 κ°€λ‚œν•˜κ³ , κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λΉˆκ³€μ„ 쀄여야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
04:20
you have the international cartel of good intentions
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아프리카 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λŠ˜κ³ μžˆλŠ” 쒋은 μ·¨μ§€μ˜
04:24
moving onto the continent, with what?
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ꡭ제적인 μΉ΄λ₯΄ν…”이 생길 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ–΄λ–»κ²Œμš”?
04:27
Medicines for the poor, food relief for those who are hungry,
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λΉˆλ―Όλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ˜μ•½ν’ˆκ³Ό, κ΅ΆλŠ” 이듀을 μœ„ν•œ μ‹λŸ‰ 원쑰,
04:30
and peacekeepers for those who are facing civil war.
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내전을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλŠ” 이듀을 μœ„ν•œ 평화 μœ μ§€κ΅°μœΌλ‘œμš”.
04:35
And in the process, none of these things really are productive
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이것듀은 μ „ν˜€ 생산적이지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
because you are treating the symptoms, not the causes
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 이것은 증상을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•  뿐이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:41
of Africa's fundamental problems.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 근본적인 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 원인듀을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³  말이죠.
04:44
Sending somebody to school and giving them medicines,
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학ꡐ에 갈 수 있게 ν•΄μ£Όκ³  μ˜μ•½ν’ˆμ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 것,
04:47
ladies and gentlemen, does not create wealth for them.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 것듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•΄μ£Όμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
Wealth is a function of income, and income comes from you finding
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λΆ€λŠ” μ†Œλ“κ³Ό 상관관계가 μžˆμ§€μš”. 그리고 μ†Œλ“μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ 찾은
04:56
a profitable trading opportunity or a well-paying job.
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수읡율이 쒋은 거래의 κΈ°νšŒλ‚˜ λ³΄μˆ˜κ°€ 쒋은 μ§μ—…μ—μ„œ μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:00
Now, once we begin to talk about wealth creation in Africa,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μžλ©΄
05:03
our second challenge will be,
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우리의 λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€
05:05
who are the wealth-creating agents in any society?
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μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ λˆ„κ°€ λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμ²΄λƒλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
They are entrepreneurs. [Unclear] told us they are always
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그듀은 창쑰적인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ“€μ΄μ§€μš”. 그듀은 항상
05:12
about four percent of the population, but 16 percent are imitators.
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인ꡬ의 4%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ 16%λŠ” λͺ¨λ°©μžλΌλŠ” 것을 λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
But they also succeed at the job of entrepreneurship.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ°©ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ λ˜ν•œ μ‚¬μ—…μ—μ„œ μ„±κ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
So, where should we be putting the money?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 어디에닀 λˆμ„ νˆ¬μžν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
05:24
We need to put money where it can productively grow.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 돈이 μƒμ‚°μ μœΌλ‘œ 증가할 수 μžˆλŠ” 곳에 νˆ¬μžν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
Support private investment in Africa, both domestic and foreign.
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아프리카 λ‚΄μ™Έμ μœΌλ‘œ 개인 투자λ₯Ό μ§€μ›ν•˜κ³ 
05:33
Support research institutions,
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μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œλ“€μ„ 지원해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:36
because knowledge is an important part of wealth creation.
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지식이 λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ 뢀뢄이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
05:40
But what is the international aid community doing with Africa today?
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  ꡭ제 원쑰 λ‹¨μ²΄λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:44
They are throwing large sums of money for primary health,
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그듀은 기본적인 보건, ꡐ윑과 μ‹λŸ‰ 원쑰에
05:47
for primary education, for food relief.
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λ§Žμ€ μžκΈˆμ„ 쏟고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
The entire continent has been turned into
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λŒ€λ₯™ 전체가 μžμ„ μ„ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”
05:52
a place of despair, in need of charity.
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절망의 κ³΅κ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄ 온 것이죠.
05:55
Ladies and gentlemen, can any one of you tell me
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신사 μˆ™λ…€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 λˆ„κ΅¬λΌλ„
05:57
a neighbor, a friend, a relative that you know,
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μžμ„ μ„ λ°›μ•„μ„œ λΆ€μžκ°€ 된 μ΄μ›ƒμ΄λ‚˜ 친ꡬ, μΉœμ§€λ₯Ό
06:00
who became rich by receiving charity?
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μ €μ—κ²Œ 말해 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:04
By holding the begging bowl and receiving alms?
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동λƒ₯ 그릇을 κ°–κ³  μžˆκ±°λ‚˜ κ΅¬ν˜Έν’ˆμ„ λ°›μ•„μ„œλΌλ„μš”?
06:07
Does any one of you in the audience have that person?
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μ—¬κΈ° 방청객으둜 μžˆλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 λˆ„κ΅¬λΌλ„ 그런 μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:10
Does any one of you know a country that developed because of
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 λˆ„κ΅¬λΌλ„ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μžλΉ„μ™€ 친절 덕뢄에
06:15
the generosity and kindness of another?
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λ°œμ „λœ λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
06:18
Well, since I'm not seeing the hand,
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흠, 손이 μ•ˆ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 이상
06:20
it appears that what I'm stating is true.
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이 사싀인 것 κ°™λ„€μš”.
06:23
(Bono: Yes!)
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보노: μ•Œμ•„μš”!
06:25
Andrew Mwenda: I can see Bono says he knows the country.
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μ•€λ“œλ₯˜ μŒμ›¬λ‹€: 보노가 그런 λ‚˜λΌλ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ„€μš”.
06:27
Which country is that?
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μ–΄λ–€ λ‚˜λΌμ£ ?
06:28
(Bono: It's an Irish land.)
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보노: μ•„μΌλžœλ“œμ‹ 이름인데.
06:29
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:31
(Bono: [unclear])
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보노: [λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…]
06:33
AM: Thank you very much. But let me tell you this.
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κ³ λ§ˆμ›Œμš”. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 점을 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 말해야 κ² κ΅°μš”.
06:37
External actors can only present to you an opportunity.
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남듀이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ²Œ 쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” 것을 기회 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
The ability to utilize that opportunity and turn it into an advantage
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κ·Έ 기회λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  그것을 이읡으둜 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯은
06:46
depends on your internal capacity.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ˜ 내적 λŠ₯λ ₯에 달렀 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:48
Africa has received many opportunities.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” λ§Žμ€ κΈ°νšŒλ“€μ΄ μ£Όμ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
Many of them we haven't benefited much.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ 쀑 λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ—μ„œ λ§Žμ€ 이읡을 μ°½μΆœν•΄ 내지 λͺ»ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
06:53
Why? Because we lack the internal, institutional framework
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μ™œμΌκΉŒμš”? 그건 λ‚΄λΆ€ μ œλ„μ˜ ν•˜λΆ€ ꡬ쑰와
06:58
and policy framework that can make it possible for us
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μ™ΈλΆ€ κ΄€κ³„λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 이득을 μ–»λŠ” 것을 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜κ²Œ
07:01
to benefit from our external relations. I'll give you an example.
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λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 정책적 ν•˜λΆ€ ꡬ쑰가 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 보죠.
07:04
Under the Cotonou Agreement,
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μ˜ˆμ „μ—” λ‘œλ©” ν˜‘μ •μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλŠ”
07:06
formerly known as the Lome Convention,
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μ½”ν† λˆ„ ν˜‘μ • μ•„λž˜,
07:09
African countries have been given an opportunity by Europe
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아프리카 ꡭ가듀은 EU μ‹œμž₯에 κ΄€μ„Έ 없이 μƒν’ˆμ„ μˆ˜μΆœν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
07:12
to export goods, duty-free, to the European Union market.
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기회λ₯Ό μœ λŸ½μ— μ˜ν•΄ μ–»μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:17
My own country, Uganda, has a quota to export 50,000 metric tons
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제 μ‘°κ΅­ μš°κ°„λ‹€λŠ” EU μ‹œμž₯에 섀탕 50,000 톀을 μˆ˜μΆœν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
07:23
of sugar to the European Union market.
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μƒν’ˆ ν• λ‹ΉλŸ‰μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
We haven't exported one kilogram yet.
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ν—ˆλ‚˜, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직 1kg도 μˆ˜μΆœν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμ£ .
07:28
We import 50,000 metric tons of sugar from Brazil and Cuba.
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였히렀 브라질과 μΏ λ°”λ‘œ λΆ€ν„° 섀탕을 50,000 톀 μˆ˜μž…ν•΄ μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
Secondly, under the beef protocol of that agreement,
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λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ, 이 ν˜‘μ •μ˜ μ†Œκ³ κΈ° ν˜‘μ•ˆ ν•˜μ—,
07:40
African countries that produce beef
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μ†Œκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μƒμ‚°ν•˜λŠ” 아프리카 ꡭ가듀은
07:42
have quotas to export beef duty-free to the European Union market.
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EU μ‹œμž₯에 κ΄€μ„Έ 없이 μ†Œκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό μˆ˜μΆœν•˜λŠ” μƒν’ˆ ν• λ‹ΉλŸ‰μ„ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
None of those countries, including Africa's most successful nation, Botswana,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ°€μž₯ μ„±κ³΅ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμΈ λ³΄μΈ μ™€λ‚˜λ₯Ό 포함해 μ–΄λ–€ ꡭ가도 이 ν• λ‹ΉλŸ‰μ„
07:51
has ever met its quota.
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달성해 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:54
So, I want to argue today that the fundamental source of Africa's
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 였늘 μ œκ°€ λ…Όμ˜ν•˜κ³  싢은 것은 세계 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ κ΅­κ°€λ“€κ³Ό 더
07:59
inability to engage the rest of the world
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생산적인 관계λ₯Ό μ•½μ†ν•˜λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜
08:01
in a more productive relationship
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무λŠ₯ν•¨μ˜ 근본적인 μ΄μœ λŠ”
08:04
is because it has a poor institutional and policy framework.
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아프리카가 λ‚™ν›„λœ μ œλ„μ , 정책적 ν•˜λΆ€ ꡬ쑰 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌλŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
And all forms of intervention need support,
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그리고 이 λͺ¨λ“  κ°œμž…μ—λŠ” 원쑰와,
08:11
the evolution of the kinds of institutions that create wealth,
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λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•˜λŠ” μ œλ„λ“€μ˜ λ°œλ‹¬,
08:15
the kinds of institutions that increase productivity.
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생산성을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ œλ„λ“€ 등이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
How do we begin to do that, and why is aid the bad instrument?
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그것듀을 ν•˜λ €λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ©° μ™œ μ›μ‘°λŠ” 뢀정적 μˆ˜λ‹¨μΌκΉŒμš”?
08:22
Aid is the bad instrument, and do you know why?
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μ›μ‘°λŠ” 뢀정적 μˆ˜λ‹¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ™œ μΌκΉŒμš”?
08:24
Because all governments across the world need money to survive.
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ •λΆ€λŠ” 생쑴을 μœ„ν•΄ 돈이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
Money is needed for a simple thing like keeping law and order.
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λˆμ€ 법과 μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ” 등이 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 일을 μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
08:32
You have to pay the army and the police to show law and order.
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법과 μ§ˆμ„œλ₯Ό 지킀렀면 κ΅°λŒ€μ™€ 경찰에 돈이 λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
And because many of our governments are quite dictatorial,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ •λΆ€λŠ” 맀우 λ…μž¬μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
they need really to have the army clobber the opposition.
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그듀은 λ°˜λŒ€νŒŒλ₯Ό λ‚΄λ¦¬λˆ„λ₯Ό κ΅°λŒ€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
The second thing you need to do is pay your political hangers-on.
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ, μ •μΉ˜μ  μΈ‘κ·Όλ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ λˆμ„ μ£Όμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
Why should people support their government?
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ꡭ민듀은 μ™œ 이런 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μ§€μ§€ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:48
Well, because it gives them good, paying jobs,
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흠, μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ •λΆ€κ°€ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μˆ˜κ°€ 쒋은 직μž₯을 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:50
or, in many African countries, unofficial opportunities
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ν˜Ήμ€, λ§Žμ€ 아프리카 κ΅­κ°€μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—” λΆ€νŒ¨μ—μ„œ 이득을 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ”
08:54
to profit from corruption.
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비곡식적인 κΈ°νšŒλ“€μ„ μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
08:56
The fact is no government in the world,
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사싀, 이디 μ•„λ―Όκ³Ό 같은 μ†Œμˆ˜μ˜ 예λ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜λ©΄
08:59
with the exception of a few, like that of Idi Amin,
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μ–΄λ–€ 정뢀도 μ§€λ°°μ˜ μˆ˜λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œμ„œ 무λ ₯μ—λ§Œ
09:01
can seek to depend entirely on force as an instrument of rule.
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μ „μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ§€ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:06
Many countries in the [unclear], they need legitimacy.
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[λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…]의 λ§Žμ€ λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€ 합법성을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:09
To get legitimacy, governments often need to deliver things like primary education,
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합법성을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 정뢀듀이 μ’…μ’… 기본적인 ꡐ윑, 보건, λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³ 
09:15
primary health, roads, build hospitals and clinics.
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병원듀과 μ§„λ£Œμ†Œλ₯Ό 지을 ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
If the government's fiscal survival
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λ§Œμ•½ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μž¬μ •μ  생쑴이 κ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ
09:22
depends on it having to raise money from its own people,
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κ±°λ‘¬λ“€μ΄λŠ” λˆμ— 달렀 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:26
such a government is driven by self-interest
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κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ 이읡을 μœ„ν•΄
09:28
to govern in a more enlightened fashion.
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μ’€ 더 계λͺ½λœ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 운영될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:30
It will sit with those who create wealth.
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” λΆ€λ₯Ό μ°½μΆœν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό ν•œμžλ¦¬μ— 앉을 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
Talk to them about the kind of policies and institutions
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‚¬μ—…μ˜ 크기와 μ˜μ—­μ„ λ„“νžˆκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ
09:36
that are necessary for them to expand a scale and scope of business
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μ •μ±…κ³Ό μ œλ„μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
09:40
so that it can collect more tax revenues from them.
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κ·Έλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 더 λ§Žμ€ μ„ΈκΈˆμ„ μ–»μ–΄ λ‚΄λ € ν•  것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:43
The problem with the African continent
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아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ™€
09:45
and the problem with the aid industry
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원쑰 μ‚°μ—…μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
09:46
is that it has distorted the structure of incentives
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아프리카 정뢀듀이 μ²˜ν•œ λ™κΈ°λΆ€μ—¬μ˜ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
09:49
facing the governments in Africa.
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μ™œκ³‘ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 데 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
The productive margin in our governments' search for revenue
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μ •λΆ€ μ˜ˆμ‚° κ°€μš΄λ° 이윀이 λ‚¨λŠ” 뢀뢄은
09:55
does not lie in the domestic economy,
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κ΅­λ‚΄ κ²½μ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
it lies with international donors.
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그것은 ꡭ제적인 κΈ°λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
Rather than sit with Ugandan --
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μš°κ°„λ‹€μ˜..
10:02
(Applause) --
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
10:06
rather than sit with Ugandan entrepreneurs,
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κ°€λ‚˜μ˜ 사업가, 남아프리카 κΈ°μ—…μ˜ 리더듀, μš°κ°„λ‹€μ˜
10:09
Ghanaian businessmen, South African enterprising leaders,
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κΈ°μ—…κ°€λ“€κ³Ό ν•œμžλ¦¬μ— 앉아 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒλ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
10:15
our governments find it more productive
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우리 μ •λΆ€λŠ” IMF와 세계은행과 λ…Όμ˜ν•˜λŠ” 것이
10:18
to talk to the IMF and the World Bank.
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더 μƒμ‚°μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•„λƒˆμ£ .
10:21
I can tell you, even if you have ten Ph.Ds.,
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10개의 박사 ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ”λΌλ„
10:25
you can never beat Bill Gates in understanding the computer industry.
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컴퓨터 산업을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄μ„œλŠ” 빌 게이츠λ₯Ό μ ˆλŒ€ 이길 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:30
Why? Because the knowledge that is required for you to understand
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μ™œλƒκ³ μš”? 사업을 ν™•μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ
10:34
the incentives necessary to expand a business --
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동기 뢀여에 λŒ€ν•œ 지식과
10:36
it requires that you listen to the people, the private sector actors in that industry.
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κ·Έ μ‚°μ—… λ‚΄μ˜ λ―Όκ°„ μ£Όμ²΄λ“€μ˜ 말을 듀을 ν•„μš”κ°€ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
10:42
Governments in Africa have therefore been given an opportunity,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 정뢀듀은 ꡭ제 λ‹¨μ²΄λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
10:45
by the international community, to avoid building
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이읡을 μ–»μŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ, κ΅­λ―Όλ“€κ³Ό 생산적 ν•©μ˜λ₯Ό
10:48
productive arrangements with your own citizens,
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κ΅¬μΆ•ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν”Όν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
and therefore allowed to begin endless negotiations with the IMF
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그리고 IMF와 세계 은행과 λμ—†λŠ” ν˜‘μƒμ„ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:56
and the World Bank, and then it is the IMF and the World Bank
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ꡭ민듀이 무엇을 ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ •λΆ€μ—κ²Œ
10:59
that tell them what its citizens need.
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λ§ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것은 IMF와 세계 은행이죠.
11:01
In the process, we, the African people, have been sidelined
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 우리 아프리카 ꡭ민듀은 κ΅­λ‚΄μ—μ„œμ˜
11:05
from the policy-making, policy-orientation, and policy-
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μ •μ±… κ²°μ •, μ •μ±…μ˜ λ°©ν–₯, 그리고 μ •μ±…μ˜ μ‹€ν–‰μ—μ„œ
11:09
implementation process in our countries.
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λ©€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
We have limited input, because he who pays the piper calls the tune.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ œν•œλœ μˆ˜μž…μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 돈 λ‚΄λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒ 마음이죠.
11:15
The IMF, the World Bank, and the cartel of good intentions in the world
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IMF, 세계 은행, 그리고 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 쒋은 취지λ₯Ό 가진 μΉ΄λ₯΄ν…”은
11:19
has taken over our rights as citizens,
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μ‹œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬λ“€μ„ μΈμˆ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
and therefore what our governments are doing, because they depend on aid,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 우리 μ •λΆ€λŠ” 원쑰에 μ˜μ§€ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:25
is to listen to international creditors rather than their own citizens.
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ꡭ민듀보닀 ꡭ제적인 μ±„κΆŒμžλ“€μ˜ 말을 λ“£κ³  있죠.
11:29
But I want to put a caveat on my argument,
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 제 μ˜κ²¬μ— λ‹¨μ„œλ₯Ό ν•˜λ‚˜ λ‹¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
and that caveat is that it is not true that aid is always destructive.
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μ›μ‘°λΌλŠ” 것이 항상 λΆ€μ •μ μ΄μ§€λ§Œμ€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 말이죠.
11:39
Some aid may have built a hospital, fed a hungry village.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ μ›μ‘°λŠ” 병원을 짓고 κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° λ§ˆμ„μ„ λ¨Ήμ—¬ μ‚΄λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
It may have built a road, and that road
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λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό 짓기도 ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
11:48
may have served a very good role.
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λ„λ‘œλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
The mistake of the international aid industry
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡭ제 원쑰 μ‚°μ—…μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
11:52
is to pick these isolated incidents of success,
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λ‹¨νŽΈμ  μ„±κ³΅μ˜ 사둀λ₯Ό κ³¨λΌμ„œ
11:56
generalize them, pour billions and trillions of dollars into them,
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μΌλ°˜ν™” μ‹œν‚¨ λ‹€μŒ 그런 사둀에 λͺ‡ μ‹­μ–΅, λͺ‡ μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό μŸμ•„ λΆ€μ–΄
12:01
and then spread them across the whole world,
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그것듀을 전세계에 νΌλœ¨λ¦°λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
12:03
ignoring the specific and unique circumstances in a given village,
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μ œν”„λ¦¬ μƒ₯μŠ€κ°€ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μΌ€λƒμ˜ μ‚¬μš°λ¦¬ λ§ˆμ„μ˜ 경우처럼
12:08
the skills, the practices, the norms and habits
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μž‘μ€ 원쑰 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈκ°€ 성곡할 수 μžˆλŠ”
12:11
that allowed that small aid project to succeed --
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λ§ˆμ„μ˜ 쑰건, 기술, ν’μŠ΅, κ·œλ²”κ³Ό κ΄€μŠ΅ λ“±μ˜
12:14
like in Sauri village, in Kenya, where Jeffrey Sachs is working --
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νŠΉλ³„ν•˜κ³  νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 상황듀을 λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³ μ„œλŠ” 말이죠.
12:17
and therefore generalize this experience
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그리고 이 κ²½ν—˜μ„ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ΄λΌλŠ” 듯이
12:20
as the experience of everybody.
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μΌλ°˜ν™”μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ§€μš”.
12:23
Aid increases the resources available to governments,
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μ›μ‘°λŠ” μ •λΆ€κ°€ 이용 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μžμ›μ„ λŠ˜λ €μ„œ
12:28
and that makes working in a government the most profitable thing
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μ •λΆ€ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” 것이 아프리카 λ‚΄μ˜ κ΅¬μ§μžλ“€μ΄ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ”
12:32
you can have, as a person in Africa seeking a career.
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κ°€μž₯ 수읡이 쒋은 직업이 될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:35
By increasing the political attractiveness of the state,
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ  맀λ ₯을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ„œ,
12:39
especially in our ethnically fragmented societies in Africa,
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특히 민쑱으둜 λ‚˜λ‰œ 아프리카 μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ,
12:43
aid tends to accentuate ethnic tensions
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μ›μ‘°λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  개개의 λ―Όμ‘± 집단듀이
12:46
as every single ethnic group now begins struggling to enter the state
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ν•΄μ™Έ μ›μ‘°λΌλŠ” νŒŒμ΄μ— μ ‘κ·Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 정뢀에 νŽΈμž…λ˜λ €κ³ 
12:52
in order to get access to the foreign aid pie.
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νˆ¬μŸν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œ 민쑱적 κΈ΄μž₯을 μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:55
Ladies and gentlemen, the most enterprising people in Africa
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신사 μˆ™λ…€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 기업적인 λ§ˆμΈλ“œλ₯Ό 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
13:00
cannot find opportunities to trade and to work in the private sector
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λ―Όκ°„ λΆ€λ¬Έμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ±°λž˜ν•  기회λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:05
because the institutional and policy environment is hostile to business.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ œλ„μ μ΄κ³  정책적인 ν™˜κ²½μ΄ 사업에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ λŒ€μ μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
13:08
Governments are not changing it. Why?
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 상황을 바꾸지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ™œλƒκ³ μš”?
13:10
Because they don't need to talk to their own citizens.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 그듀은 κ΅­λ―Όλ“€μ—κ²Œ 말할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
13:15
They talk to international donors.
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그듀은 ꡭ제 κΈ°λΆ€μžλ“€κ³Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜μ§€μš”.
13:17
So, the most enterprising Africans end up going to work for government,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 기업적인 λ§ˆμΈλ“œλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 아프리카 인듀은 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
13:22
and that has increased the political tensions in our countries
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μΌν•˜λ € ν•˜κ³ , μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상황은 κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ  κΈ΄μž₯을 μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
precisely because we depend on aid.
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이것은 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 원쑰에 μ˜μ§€ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
13:28
I also want to say that it is important for us to
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λ˜ν•œ 이 점을 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άκ΅°μš”.
13:32
note that, over the last 50 years, Africa has been receiving increasing aid
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μ§€λ‚œ 50λ…„ λ„˜κ²Œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” ꡭ제 λ‹¨μ²΄λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 기술적인 도움과
13:36
from the international community,
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μž¬μ •μ μΈ 원쑰, λͺ¨λ“  λ‹€λ₯Έ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 원쑰λ₯Ό
13:38
in the form of technical assistance, and financial aid,
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점점 더 많이 λ°›μ•„μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 점에
13:41
and all other forms of aid.
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μ£Όλͺ©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:43
Between 1960 and 2003, our continent received 600 billion dollars of aid,
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1960λ…„λŒ€μ—μ„œ 2003년도 사이에 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” 6000μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ 원쑰λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
13:53
and we are still told that there is a lot of poverty in Africa.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 아프리카에 빈곀이 λ„˜μΉ˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:56
Where has all the aid gone?
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κ·Έ λͺ¨λ“  μ›μ‘°λŠ” μ–΄λ””λ‘œ κ°„ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
13:59
I want to use the example of my own country, called Uganda,
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μ €μ˜ μ‘°κ΅­ μš°κ°„λ‹€κ°€ 원쑰λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„μ˜¨ 이윀의 ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
14:03
and the kind of structure of incentives that aid has brought there.
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예둜 듀도둝 ν•˜μ£ .
14:08
In the 2006-2007 budget, expected revenue: 2.5 trillion shillings.
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2006-2007λ…„ μ˜ˆμ‚°μ—μ„œ μ˜ˆμƒ μ„Έμž…μ€ 2.5μ‘° μ‹€λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:14
The expected foreign aid: 1.9 trillion.
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κΈ°λŒ€ μ™Έκ΅­ μ›μ‘°λŠ” 1.9μ‘°μ΄κ³ μš”
14:17
Uganda's recurrent expenditure -- by recurrent what do I mean?
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μš°κ°„λ‹€μ˜ 정기적 λΉ„μš©μ€ -- 근데 μ •κΈ°μ μ΄λΌλŠ” 것은 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
14:21
Hand-to-mouth is 2.6 trillion.
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κ·Έλ‚  κ·Έλ‚ μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ΄λΌκ³  ν•΄μ•Όν• κΉŒμš”? -- 2.6μ–΅
14:25
Why does the government of Uganda budget spend 110 percent
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μ™œ μš°κ°„λ‹€ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ •λΆ€ 자체의 μ„Έμž…μ˜ 110%λ‚˜ μ˜ˆμ‚°μœΌλ‘œ μ“°λŠ”
14:30
of its own revenue?
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κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
14:31
It's because there's somebody there called foreign aid, who contributes for it.
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그건 μ˜ˆμ‚°μ— ν•΄μ™Έ 원쑰가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
14:36
But this shows you that the government of Uganda
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이것은 μš°κ°„λ‹€ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μˆ˜μ΅μ„± μžˆλŠ”
14:38
is not committed to spending its own revenue
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νˆ¬μžλ“€μ— νˆ¬μžν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ„Έμž…μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
14:42
to invest in productive investments,
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λŒ€μ‹  곡적인 λΉ„μš©μ— μ§€λΆˆν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
14:44
but rather it devotes this revenue
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κ·Έ μ„Έμž…μ„ μ‚¬μš©
14:46
to paying structure of public expenditure.
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ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:50
Public administration, which is largely patronage, takes 690 billion.
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주둜 κ΄€μ§μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” ν–‰μ •λΆ€λŠ” 6900얡을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ 
14:55
The military, 380 billion.
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κ΅°λŒ€λŠ” 3800μ–΅
14:57
Agriculture, which employs 18 percent of our poverty-stricken citizens,
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맀우 κ°€λ‚œν•œ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€μ˜ 18%κ°€ μž„ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 농업은 단지 180얡을
15:02
takes only 18 billion.
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μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:05
Trade and industry takes 43 billion.
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무역과 산업은 430얡을 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:09
And let me show you, what does public expenditure --
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곡적 λΉ„μš© μ•„λ‹ˆ μš°κ°„λ‹€ ν–‰μ •λΆ€μ˜ λΉ„μš©μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³ 
15:13
rather, public administration expenditure -- in Uganda constitute?
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μžˆλŠ” 것이 무엇인지 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦΄κΉŒμš”?
15:17
There you go. 70 cabinet ministers, 114 presidential advisers,
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μ—¬κΈ° μžˆλ„€μš”. 70λͺ…μ˜ λ‚΄μ • μž₯κ΄€λ“€, 114λͺ…μ˜ κ΅­μ • κ³ λ¬Έλ“€
15:23
by the way, who never see the president, except on television.
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ TVμ—μ„œ 밖에 λͺ»λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:26
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:29
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
15:34
And when they see him physically, it is at public functions like this,
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그듀이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ λ³΄λŠ” 건 곡개 행사가 μžˆμ„ λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:39
and even there, it is him who advises them.
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그리고 심지어 κ±°κΈ°μ„œλ„ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ 였히렀 κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ‘°μ–Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:43
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
15:45
We have 81 units of local government.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 81개의 지방 μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:48
Each local government is organized like the central government --
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각 지방 μ •λΆ€λŠ” 쀑앙 정뢀와 같이 κ΅¬μ„±λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
15:50
a bureaucracy, a cabinet, a parliament,
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κ΄€λ£Œμ£Όμ˜, 내각, 의회,
15:52
and so many jobs for the political hangers-on.
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그리고 μ •μΉ˜μ  츑근듀을 μœ„ν•œ λ§Žμ€ μžλ¦¬λ„μš”.
15:55
There were 56, and when our president wanted to
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μ›λž˜ ν–‰μ •κ΅¬λŠ” 56개 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ ν—Œλ²•μ„
15:58
amend the constitution and remove term limits,
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κ°œμ •ν•˜κ³  μž„κΈ° μ œν•œμ„ μ—†μ• λ©΄μ„œ
16:01
he had to create 25 new districts, and now there are 81.
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25개의 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 행정ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ 81κ°œκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
16:05
Three hundred thirty-three members of parliament.
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333λͺ…μ˜ 의회 ꡬ성원듀이 μžˆκ³ μš”.
16:07
You need Wembley Stadium to host our parliament.
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μ˜νšŒκ°€ κ°œμ΅œλ˜λŠ” 웸블리 ꡬμž₯도 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ μš”.
16:09
One hundred thirty-four commissions
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134개의 μœ„μ›νšŒμ™€
16:11
and semi-autonomous government bodies,
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μž₯κ΄€λ“€κ³Ό μžκ°€μš©λ“€μ„ 가지고 μžˆλŠ” 반자치 μ •λΆ€ 기ꡬ듀.
16:16
all of which have directors and the cars. And the final thing,
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여기에 λ³΄λ…Έμ˜ 연섀이
16:20
this is addressed to Mr. Bono. In his work, he may help us on this.
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도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:24
A recent government of Uganda study found
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졜근 μš°κ°„λ‹€ μ •λΆ€λŠ”
16:26
that there are 3,000 four-wheel drive motor vehicles
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보건 ν–‰μ •λΆ€ 본뢀에 3,000λŒ€μ˜ μžλ™μ°¨κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ”
16:30
at the Minister of Health headquarters.
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것을 μ•Œμ•„ λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:32
Uganda has 961 sub-counties, each of them with a dispensary,
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μš°κ°„λ‹€λŠ” 961개의 ν•˜μœ„ ꡰ듀을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각기 μ§„μ°°μ†ŒλŠ” μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
16:37
none of which has an ambulance.
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κ΅¬κΈ‰μ°¨λŠ” μ—†μ§€μš”.
16:39
So, the four-wheel drive vehicles at the headquarters
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본뢀에 μžˆλŠ” μžλ™μ°¨λŠ”
16:42
drive the ministers, the permanent secretaries, the bureaucrats
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μž₯κ΄€λ“€, 사무차관듀, κ΄€λ£Œλ“€κ³Ό
16:45
and the international aid bureaucrats who work in aid projects,
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원쑰 ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” ꡭ제 원쑰 λΆ„μ•Ό κ΄€λ£Œλ“€μ„ νƒœμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:48
while the poor die without ambulances and medicine.
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λΉˆλ―Όλ“€μ€ μ•½κ³Ό ꡬ급차가 μ—†μ–΄ μ£½μ–΄ κ°€λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ 말이죠.
16:54
Finally, I want to say that before I came to speak here,
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 여기에 μ—°μ„€ν•˜λŸ¬ 였기 전에 듀은 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ”
16:58
I was told that the principle of TEDGlobal
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TEDκΈ€λ‘œλ²Œμ˜ 원칙은 쒋은 κ°•μ—°μ΄λž€
17:02
is that the good speech should be like a miniskirt.
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λ―Έλ‹ˆμŠ€μ»€νŠΈ κ°™μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:05
It should be short enough to arouse interest,
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강연이 ν₯λ―Έλ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚¬ μ •λ„λ‘œ μ§§μœΌλ©΄μ„œλ„
17:07
but long enough to cover the subject.
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 뢀뢄을 포괄할 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ κΈΈμ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•œλ‹€κ³ μš”.
17:09
I hope I have achieved that.
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그것을 λ‹¬μ„±ν–ˆκΈΈλ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:10
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
17:11
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:12
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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