The secret to effective nonviolent resistance | Jamila Raqib

167,123 views ・ 2016-07-07

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seon-Gyu Choi κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
War has been a part of my life since I can remember.
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μ œκ°€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λŠ” ν•œ μ „μŸμ€ 제 μΈμƒμ˜ μΌλΆ€μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
I was born in Afghanistan, just six months after the Soviets invaded,
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μ €λŠ” μ†Œλ ¨ 침곡 6κ°œμ›” ν›„ μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
and even though I was too young to understand what was happening,
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ €λŠ” 상황을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ°μ—” λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ–΄λ¦° λ‚˜μ΄μ˜€μ§€λ§Œ
00:24
I had a deep sense of the suffering and the fear around me.
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μ €λŠ” μ£Όλ³€μ˜ κ΄΄λ‘œμ›€κ³Ό 두렀움을 κ°€μŠ΄ 깊이 λŠλ‚„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
Those early experiences had a major impact on how I now think about war and conflict.
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이런 μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ΄ μ „μŸκ³Ό κ°ˆλ“±μ— λŒ€ν•œ 생각에 큰 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
I learned that when people have a fundamental issue at stake,
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 근본적인 문제둜 λ‹€νˆ΄ 땐
00:38
for most of them,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ€
00:39
giving in is not an option.
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꡴볡할 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
For these types conflicts --
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이런 κ°ˆλ“±μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„  말이죠.
00:43
when people's rights are violated,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬κ°€ μΉ¨ν•΄λ˜κ³ 
00:45
when their countries are occupied,
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μΉ¨λž΅λ‹Ήν•˜κ³ 
00:47
when they're oppressed and humiliated --
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–΅μ••λ˜κ³  μœ λ¦°λ‹Ήν•˜λ©΄
00:49
they need a powerful way to resist and to fight back.
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κ±°μ„Έκ²Œ μ €ν•­ν•˜κ³  λ°˜κ²©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
Which means that no matter how destructive and terrible violence is,
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κ·Έ 말은 아무리 파괴적이고 λ”μ°ν•œ 폭λ ₯도
00:57
if people see it as their only choice,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 이것을 μœ μΌν•œ 기회라고 λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄
01:00
they will use it.
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κ±°λ¦¬λ‚Œ 없이 ν–‰μ‚¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Most of us are concerned with the level of violence in the world.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ 세계에 λ§Œμ—°ν•œ 폭λ ₯에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ±±μ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
But we're not going to end war
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 폭λ ₯은
01:07
by telling people that violence is morally wrong.
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λ„λ•μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜³μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•œλ‹€κ³  λλ‚˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Instead, we must offer them a tool
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일은
01:13
that's at least as powerful and as effective as violence.
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적어도 폭λ ₯만큼 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ³  효과적인 방법을 μ œμ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
This is the work I do.
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이것이 μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
For the past 13 years,
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μ§€λ‚œ 13λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
01:21
I've been teaching people
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λ©°
01:22
in some of the most difficult situations around the world
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ κ·Ήν•œμ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ— 놓인 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 이야기와
01:25
how they can use nonviolent struggle to conduct conflict.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μœΌλ‘œ κ°ˆλ“±μ„ 해결할지 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
Most people associate this type of action with Gandhi and Martin Luther King.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 비폭λ ₯ 행동이라고 ν•˜λ©΄ 간디와 λ§ˆν‹΄ 루터킹을 λ– μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
But people have been using nonviolent action for thousands of years.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 수천 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
In fact, most of the rights that we have today in this country --
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  이 λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ κ°–λŠ”
01:44
as women,
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μ—¬μ„±μœΌλ‘œμ„œ
01:45
as minorities,
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λ―Έμ„±λ…„μžλ‘œμ„œ
01:46
as workers,
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λ…Έλ™μžλ‘œμ„œ
01:47
as people of different sexual orientations
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 성적 μ·¨ν–₯을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
01:50
and citizens concerned with the environment --
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ν™˜κ²½μ„ μš°λ €ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œλ―ΌμœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ κΆŒλ¦¬λ“€μ€
01:52
these rights weren't handed to us.
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μ €μ ˆλ‘œ 생긴 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
They were won by people who fought for them
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이것은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹Έμ›Œμ„œ μ–»μ–΄ λƒˆκ³ 
01:57
and who sacrificed for them.
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희생을 톡해 얻은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
But because we haven't learned from this history,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이것을 μ—­μ‚¬μ—μ„œ λ°°μš°μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:01
nonviolent struggle as a technique is widely misunderstood.
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비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μ΄λΌλŠ” 기술이 잘λͺ» μ•Œλ €μ§€κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
I met recently with a group of Ethiopian activists,
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μ €λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„ ν™œλ™κ°€ 그룹을 λ§Œλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
and they told me something that I hear a lot.
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그리고 그듀은 μ œκ°€ ν‰μ†Œμ— 많이 λ“£λŠ” 이야기λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
They said they'd already tried nonviolent action,
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λ§ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 그듀은 이미 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 μ‹œλ„ν•΄ λ³΄μ•˜κ³ 
02:15
and it hadn't worked.
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ν†΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€κ³  ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Years ago they held a protest.
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μˆ˜λ…„ 전에 그듀은 μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
The government arrested everyone, and that was the end of that.
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μ •λΆ€κ°€ 전원 μ²΄ν¬ν–ˆκ³  κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ‹œμœ„κ°€ λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
The idea that nonviolent struggle is equivalent to street protests
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비폭λ ₯ 저항을 κ±°λ¦¬μ‹œμœ„μ™€ λ™μΌμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것이
02:27
is a real problem.
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μ§„μ§œ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Because although protests can be a great way to show that people want change,
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비둝 μ‹œμœ„λŠ” λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ›ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ λ°©λ²•μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
02:33
on their own, they don't actually create change --
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μ‹œμœ„ μžμ²΄λ‘œλŠ” μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ 내지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
at least change that is fundamental.
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적어도 근본적인 λ³€ν™”λŠ” 말이죠.
02:38
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:39
Powerful opponents are not going to give people what they want
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μƒλŒ€λ°©μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것을
02:42
just because they asked nicely ...
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μΉœμ ˆν•˜κ²Œ 뢀탁해도 주지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
or even not so nicely.
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ν˜Ήμ€ λΆˆμΉœμ ˆν•˜κ²Œ 뢀탁해도 말이죠.
02:47
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:48
Nonviolent struggle works by destroying an opponent,
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비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μ˜ 핡심은 μƒλŒ€λ₯Ό λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
not physically,
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물리적인 νž˜μœΌλ‘œκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ
02:53
but by identifying the institutions that an opponent needs to survive,
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μƒλŒ€κ°€ νž˜μ„ κ°–κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ μ œλ„λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ³ 
02:57
and then denying them those sources of power.
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κ·Έ 근원을 μΈμ •ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
Nonviolent activists can neutralize the military
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비폭λ ₯ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ€ ꡰ인듀을 λ– λ‚˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
03:03
by causing soldiers to defect.
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κ΅°λŒ€λ₯Ό 무λ ₯ν™” μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
They can disrupt the economy through strikes and boycotts.
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νŒŒμ—…κ³Ό λΆˆλ§€μš΄λ™μ„ 톡해 경제λ₯Ό 뒀집을 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
And they can challenge government propaganda
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그리고 μ •λΆ€ 선전을 λ°˜λ°•ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
by creating alternative media.
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λŒ€μ•ˆλ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:13
There are a variety of methods that can be used to do this.
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이런 일을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 수 λ§Žμ€ 방법듀이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
My colleague and mentor, Gene Sharp,
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제 λ™λ£Œμ΄μž λ©˜ν† μΈ 진 샀프(Gene Sharp)λŠ”
03:20
has identified 198 methods of nonviolent action.
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198가지 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 κ΅¬λΆ„μ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
And protest is only one.
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그리고 μ‹œμœ„λŠ” 그쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΌ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
Let me give you a recent example.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 예λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Until a few months ago,
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뢈과 λͺ‡ 달 μ „κΉŒμ§€
03:32
Guatemala was ruled by corrupt former military officials
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κ³Όν…Œλ§λΌλŠ” λΆ€νŒ¨ν•œ μ „ ꡰ인 μž₯ꡐ가 μ§€λ°°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
03:35
with ties to organized crime.
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쑰직 범죄와도 μ—°λ£¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
People were generally aware of this,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 보톡 이 사싀을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:39
but most of them felt powerless to do anything about it --
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 무λ ₯감을 느끼고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
until one group of citizens, just 12 regular people,
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μ–΄λŠ λ‚  12λͺ…뿐인 ν•œ μ‹œλ―Όλ‹¨μ²΄κ°€
03:48
put out a call on Facebook to their friends
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νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ„ 톡해 μΉœκ΅¬λ“€μ„ 뢈러
03:51
to meet in the central plaza, holding signs with a message:
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쀑앙광μž₯에 이런 νŒ»λ§μ„ λ“€κ³  λͺ¨μ΄κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
"Renuncia YA" --
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"Renuncia YA"
03:57
resign already.
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이미 μ‚¬μž„ν–ˆλ‹€.
03:59
To their surprise,
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 일은
04:00
30,000 people showed up.
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3만 λͺ…이 μ°Έμ„ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
They stayed there for months as protests spread throughout the country.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 전ꡭ에 걸쳐 μ‹œμœ„κ°€ νΌμ§€λ©΄μ„œ λͺ‡ 달 λ™μ•ˆ λ¨Έλ¬Όλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
At one point,
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ν•œ λ²ˆμ€
04:08
the organizers delivered hundreds of eggs to various government buildings
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μ‹œμœ„ μ£Όμ²΄μžλ“€μ΄ 수백 개의 달걀을 μ •λΆ€ 청사 건물 곳곳에
04:12
with a message:
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λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ κ°€μ Έλ‹€ λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
"If you don't have the huevos" --
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"λ§Œμ•½μ— 달걀이 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ"
04:15
the balls --
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'배짱'이 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ
04:17
"to stop corrupt candidates from running for office,
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"λΆ€νŒ¨ν•œ ν›„λ³΄μžκ°€ μΆœλ§ˆν•˜λŠ” 것을 λͺ» λ§‰λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
04:20
you can borrow ours."
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우리 것을 λΉŒλ €λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”."
04:21
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:23
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
04:28
President Molina responded
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λͺ°λ¦¬λ‚˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ€ 이에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€μ‘μœΌλ‘œ
04:30
by vowing that he would never step down.
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μ ˆλŒ€ μ‚¬μž„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ² λ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
And the activists realized that they couldn't just keep protesting
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그리고 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ€ μ‹œμœ„λ§Œ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚˜κ²Œ λΆ€νƒν•˜λŠ” 것은
04:36
and ask the president to resign.
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μ•ˆ λ˜κ² λ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
They needed to leave him no choice.
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ λ¬ΌλŸ¬λ‚  μˆ˜λ°–μ— 없도둝 ν•΄μ•Όν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
So they organized a general strike,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그듀은
04:42
in which people throughout the country refused to work.
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전ꡭ에 걸친 μ΄νŒŒμ—…μ„ κ³„νšν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
In Guatemala City alone,
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κ³Όν…Œλ§λΌμ‹œμ—μ„œλ§Œ
04:46
over 400 businesses and schools shut their doors.
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400κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” 사업체와 학ꡐ가 νŒŒμ—…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
Meanwhile,
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ
04:51
farmers throughout the country blocked major roads.
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농뢀듀이 μ „κ΅­μ˜ μ£Όμš” λ„λ‘œλ₯Ό λ§‰μ•„μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:54
Within five days,
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5μΌλ§Œμ—
04:55
the president,
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•œ
04:56
along with dozens of other government officials,
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μˆ˜μ‹­ λͺ…μ˜ 곡무원듀이
04:59
resigned already.
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'이미 μ‚¬μž„'ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
05:05
I've been greatly inspired
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
05:07
by the creativity and bravery of people using nonviolent action
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μš©κ°ν•˜κ²Œ 창의적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 ν•˜λŠ” 것에
05:11
in nearly every country in the world.
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크게 감λͺ…λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
For example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄
05:14
recently a group of activists in Uganda
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— μš°κ°„λ‹€ ν™œλ™κ°€ 그룹이
05:17
released a crate of pigs in the streets.
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돼지가 λ“€μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μƒμžλ₯Ό κ³΅κ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
You can see here that the police are confused about what to do with them.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό 경찰듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό 할지 ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μ›Œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:24
The pigs were painted the color of the ruling party.
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이 λΌμ§€λŠ” μ •λΆ€ μ—¬λ‹Ήμ˜ μƒ‰μœΌλ‘œ μΉ ν•΄μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:27
One pig was even wearing a hat,
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그쀑 ν•œ λ§ˆλ¦¬λŠ” 심지어 λͺ¨μžλ„ μ“°κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
a hat that people recognized.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό 말이죠.
05:32
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
05:34
Activists around the world are getting better at grabbing headlines,
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄ 점점 더 ν™”μ œκ°€ 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
but these isolated actions do very little
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ν•˜μžλ§Œ 이런 κ°œλ³„μ μΈ ν™œλ™λ“€μ€ 큰 μ—­ν™œμ„ ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
if they're not part of a larger strategy.
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더 큰 μ „λž΅μ˜ 일뢀가 μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 말이죠.
05:42
A general wouldn't march his troops into battle
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μž₯ꡰ은 병사λ₯Ό 이끌고 μ „μŸν„°λ‘œ ν–₯ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
unless he had a plan to win the war.
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이길 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³„νšμ΄ μ—†λŠ” ν•œ 말이죠
05:47
Yet this is how most of the world's nonviolent movements operate.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 비폭λ ₯ μš΄λ™μ΄ μ§„ν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
Nonviolent struggle is just as complex as military warfare,
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비폭λ ₯저항은 μ „μŸμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΅μž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
if not more.
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더 ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šλ”λΌλ„μš”.
05:56
Its participants must be well-trained and have clear objectives,
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ν™œλ™κ°€μ€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ λͺ©μ μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:00
and its leaders must have a strategy of how to achieve those objectives.
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그리고 μ§€λ„μžλŠ” λͺ©ν‘œ μ„±μ·¨λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μ „λž΅μ΄ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
The technique of war has been developed over thousands of years
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μ „μŸ κΈ°μˆ μ€ 수 천 년에 걸쳐 λ°œμ „ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
with massive resources
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ²½ν—˜λ“€κ³Ό
06:10
and some of our best minds dedicated to understanding
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그리고 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ „μŸμ„ ν•˜κ³  λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚¬μ§€μ— μ „λ…ν•œ
06:13
and improving how it works.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ 지성인듀에 μ˜ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
06:15
Meanwhile, nonviolent struggle is rarely systematically studied,
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κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ, 쑰직적인 비폭λ ₯ 저항은 거의 μ—°κ΅¬λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:20
and even though the number is growing,
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그리고 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ
06:22
there are still only a few dozen people in the world who are teaching it.
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비폭λ ₯ 저항을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μˆ˜μ‹­ λͺ…에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
This is dangerous,
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이것은 μœ„ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
because we now know that our old approaches of dealing with conflict
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, 이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έκ°„ κ°ˆλ“±μ— λŒ€μ²˜ν–ˆλ˜ 방법듀이
06:32
are not adequate for the new challenges that we're facing.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§ˆμ£Όν•œ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ μ ˆν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
The US government recently admitted
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€λŠ”
06:37
that it's in a stalemate in its war against ISIS.
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ISISμ™€μ˜ μ „μŸμ΄ κ΅μ°©μƒνƒœμ— λΉ μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
But what most people don't know
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 뢀뢄은
06:43
is that people have stood up to ISIS using nonviolent action.
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비폭λ ₯ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ ISIS에 λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
When ISIS captured Mosul in June 2014,
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ISISκ°€ 2014λ…„ 6월에 λͺ¨μˆ μ„ μ λ Ήν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
06:50
they announced that they were putting in place a new public school curriculum,
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그듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ·Ήλ‹¨μ£Όμ˜λ₯Ό 기반으둜 ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ꡐ과과정을
06:54
based on their own extremist ideology.
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μ„Έμš°κ² λ‹€κ³  μ„ μ–Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
But on the first day of school,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°œκ΅ν•œ 첫 λ‚ 
06:59
not a single child showed up.
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μ–΄λ–€ 아이듀도 λ“±κ΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
Parents simply refused to send them.
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λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ΄ κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ 아이듀을 λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것을 κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:05
They told journalists they would rather homeschool their children
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그리고 ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ€ κΈ°μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ 아이듀이 μ„Έλ‡Œλ₯Ό λ‹Ήν•˜κ²Œ λ‘λŠλ‹ˆ
07:08
than to have them brainwashed.
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μ§‘μ—μ„œ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ² λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:10
This is an example of just one act of defiance
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이것은 κ·Έμ € λ°˜ν•­μ˜ ν•œ 예일 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:13
in just one city.
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ν•œ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ 말이죠.
07:15
But what if it was coordinated
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것이 μ—°κ³„λ˜μ–΄
07:17
with the dozens of other acts of nonviolent resistance
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μˆ˜μ‹­ 건의 비폭λ ₯ μ €ν•­κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
07:19
that have taken place against ISIS?
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ISIS에 λŒ€ν•­ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
07:21
What if the parents' boycott was part of a larger strategy
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λ§Œμ•½μ— ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ˜ κ±°λΆ€κ°€ 더 큰 μ „λž΅ μΌλΆ€λ‘œμ¨
07:25
to identify and cut off the resources that ISIS needs to function;
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ISIS μš΄μš©μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ μžμ›μ„ 밝히고 μž˜λΌλ‚΄λŠ” μ—­ν™œμ„ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 말이죠.
07:30
the skilled labor needed to produce food;
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μ‹λŸ‰μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 전문인λ ₯이 빠지고
07:32
the engineers needed to extract and refine oil;
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μ„μœ  μΆ”μΆœμ„ μœ„ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μžκ°€ 빠지고
07:36
the media infrastructure and communications networks
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λ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬ 톡신을 μœ„ν•œ λŒ€μ€‘λ§€μ²΄μ™€
07:38
and transportation systems,
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ꡐ톡 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ λΉΌκ³ 
07:40
and the local businesses that ISIS relies on?
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ISISκ°€ μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 지역 사업체듀이 빠진닀면 말이죠.
07:43
It may be difficult to imagine defeating ISIS
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비폭λ ₯ ν–‰λ™μœΌλ‘œ ISISλ₯Ό λ¬Όλ¦¬μΉœλ‹€λŠ” 상상은
07:47
with action that is nonviolent.
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ν•˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
But it's time we challenge the way we think about conflict
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆμ€ κ°ˆλ“±μ— λŒ€μ²˜ν•˜λŠ” μžμ„Έλ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
07:52
and the choices we have in facing it.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 선택을 μ§μ‹œν•΄μ•Ό ν•  λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
Here's an idea worth spreading:
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μ—¬κΈ° μ•Œλ¦΄λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 아이디어가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
let's learn more about where nonviolent action has worked
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비폭λ ₯ 행동이 효과λ₯Ό λ³Έ 사둀λ₯Ό 더 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄κ³ 
08:01
and how we can make it more powerful,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 더 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ 할지λ₯Ό 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:04
just like we do with other systems and technologies
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³Ό κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ„
08:07
that are constantly being refined to better meet human needs.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ 갈고 닦아 더 잘 λ§žλ„λ‘ ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
08:11
It may be that we can improve nonviolent action
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그러면 μ–Έμ  κ°€ 비폭λ ₯ ν–‰μœ„κ°€
08:14
to a point where it is increasingly used in place of war.
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μ „μŸμ„ λŒ€μ‹ ν•˜λŠ” 날이 올 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
Violence as a tool of conflict could then be abandoned
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폭λ ₯으둜 κ°ˆλ“±μ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 것을 ν¬κΈ°ν•˜κ³ 
08:22
in the same way that bows and arrows were,
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ν™œκ³Ό 화살을 μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 방법도 μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
because we have replaced them with weapons that are more effective.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 효과적인 무기둜 κ΅μ²΄ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
With human innovation, we can make nonviolent struggle more powerful
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μΈκ°„μ˜ ν˜μ‹ μœΌλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 비폭λ ₯ 저항을 μ΅œμ‹  μ „μŸκΈ°μˆ λ³΄λ‹€
08:34
than the newest and latest technologies of war.
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더 κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:38
The greatest hope for humanity lies not in condemning violence
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인λ₯˜μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 희망은 μ¦μ˜€ν•˜λŠ” 폭λ ₯에 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:42
but in making violence obsolete.
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폭λ ₯을 μ—†μ• λŠ” 것에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:46
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:47
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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