Dangerous memes | Dan Dennett

501,064 views ใƒป 2007-07-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Dong Inn Na ๊ฒ€ํ† : Nakho Kim
00:25
How many Creationists do we have in the room?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ก ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:28
Probably none. I think we're all Darwinians.
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์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์ž์ธ ๋ชจ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
And yet many Darwinians are anxious, a little uneasy --
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„, ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์ž ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ข€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:38
would like to see some limits on just how far the Darwinism goes.
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์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์ ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
It's all right.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
You know spiderwebs? Sure, they are products of evolution.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ? ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
The World Wide Web? Not so sure.
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์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
00:53
Beaver dams, yes. Hoover Dam, no.
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๋น„๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋Œ์€ ๋งž๊ณ , ํ›„๋ฒ„ ๋Œ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
What do they think it is that prevents the products of human ingenuity
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
01:01
from being themselves, fruits of the tree of life,
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์ž์—ฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณผ์‹ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๊ณ ,
01:04
and hence, in some sense, obeying evolutionary rules?
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ, ์ง„ํ™” ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:10
And yet people are interestingly resistant
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„
01:14
to the idea of applying evolutionary thinking to thinking -- to our thinking.
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์ง„ํ™” ๊ฐœ๋…๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊บผ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
And so I'm going to talk a little bit about that,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ข€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
keeping in mind that we have a lot on the program here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํ• ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:29
So you're out in the woods, or you're out in the pasture,
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์ž, ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์ˆฒ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋“คํŒ์ด๋˜๊ฐ€์š”.
01:33
and you see this ant crawling up this blade of grass.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ’€์žŽ์— ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
It climbs up to the top, and it falls,
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ํ’€์žŽ ๋์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ ,
01:39
and it climbs, and it falls, and it climbs --
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์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๋‹ค ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
trying to stay at the very top of the blade of grass.
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ํ’€์žŽ ๋์— ๊ณ„์† ๋งค๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:46
What is this ant doing? What is this in aid of?
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:51
What goals is this ant trying to achieve by climbing this blade of grass?
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ํ’€์žŽ ๋์— ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ผ์„œ ์–ป์„๊ฒŒ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
01:58
What's in it for the ant?
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ํ’€์žŽ์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:00
And the answer is: nothing. There's nothing in it for the ant.
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ํ•ด๋‹ต์€ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์—†์–ด์š”.
02:06
Well then, why is it doing this?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ €๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:09
Is it just a fluke?
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์šฐ์—ฐ(fluke)์ผ ๋ฟ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:11
Yeah, it's just a fluke. It's a lancet fluke.
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์˜ˆ,ํ”Œ๋ฃจํฌ(fluke,๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด๋ž€ ๋œป๋„ ์žˆ์Œ)๋Š” ๋งž์ฃ . ๋ž€์…‹ ํก์ถฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
It's a little brain worm.
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๋‡Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:20
It's a parasitic brain worm that has to get into the stomach of a sheep or a cow
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์ด ๋‡Œ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์€ ์–‘์ด๋‚˜ ์†Œ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฅ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
in order to continue its life cycle.
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์‚ด์•„์„œ ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:28
Salmon swim upstream to get to their spawning grounds,
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์—ฐ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฑฐ์Šฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฌ๋ผ ์‚ฐ๋ž€์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
and lancet flukes commandeer a passing ant,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ž€์…‹ ํก์ถฉ์€ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผํƒ€์„œ,
02:37
crawl into its brain, and drive it up a blade of grass like an all-terrain vehicle.
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๋‡Œ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์‚ผ์•„ ํ’€์žŽ ๋์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
So there's nothing in it for the ant.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ, ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
The ant's brain has been hijacked by a parasite that infects the brain,
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๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์—๊ฒŒ ๋บ๊ธด ์ƒํƒœ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:54
inducing suicidal behavior.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž์‚ดํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:58
Pretty scary.
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
03:00
Well, does anything like that happen with human beings?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
03:05
This is all on behalf of a cause other than one's own genetic fitness, of course.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์ด๋“์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Well, it may already have occurred to you
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
that Islam means "surrender," or "submission of self-interest to the will of Allah."
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” '๊ตด๋ณต' ๋˜๋Š” '์‹ ์˜ ๋œป์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๊ธฐ ์š•์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆผ '์ด๋ž€ ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Well, it's ideas -- not worms -- that hijack our brains.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ถฉ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด(๊ฐœ๋…,์‚ฌ์ƒ)๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:31
Now, am I saying that a sizable minority of the world's population
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ๊ตฌ์ค‘ ๊ฝค ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ
03:36
has had their brain hijacked by parasitic ideas?
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๊ธฐ์ƒ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋นผ์•—๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
03:43
No, it's worse than that.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Most people have.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
(Laughter)
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์›ƒ์Œ
03:53
There are a lot of ideas to die for.
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๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋ฐ”์น ๋งŒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Freedom, if you're from New Hampshire.
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'์ž์œ '๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋‰ด ํ–„ํ”„์…” ์ถœ์‹ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด์š”.
03:58
(Laughter)
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์›ƒ์Œ
04:02
Justice. Truth. Communism.
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์ •์˜. ์ง„์‹ค. ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜
04:06
Many people have laid down their lives for communism,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋ฐ”์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
and many have laid down their lives for capitalism.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋žฌ์ง€์š”.
04:12
And many for Catholicism. And many for Islam.
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๋˜ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:16
These are just a few of the ideas that are to die for.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋ฐ”์น ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
They're infectious.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Yesterday, Amory Lovins spoke about "infectious repititis."
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์–ด์ œ, ์• ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ๋กœ๋นˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ '๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–‰์œ„'๋ž€ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:28
It was a term of abuse, in effect.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋†€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋œป์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ.
04:31
This is unthinking engineering.
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์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ฐ ์—†์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Well, most of the cultural spread that goes on
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๋ฌธํ™”์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
04:37
is not brilliant, new, out-of-the-box thinking.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด, ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
It's "infectious repetitis,"
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๊ฐ์—ผ์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–‰์œ„์ฃ 
04:43
and we might as well try to have a theory of what's going on when that happens
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์„ธ์›Œ๋ณผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
so that we can understand the conditions of infection.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:54
Hosts work hard to spread these ideas to others.
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์ˆ™์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
I myself am a philosopher, and one of our occupational hazards
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒ ํ•™์ž ์ธ๋ฐ ์ง์—…์œ„ํ—˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
05:07
is that people ask us what the meaning of life is.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:11
And you have to have a bumper sticker,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ‘œ์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:14
you know. You have to have a statement.
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์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธด ํ•œ๋งˆ๋””๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
So, this is mine.
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ €์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
The secret of happiness is: Find something more important than you are
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ํ–‰๋ณต์˜ ๋น„๊ฒฐ์€ ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
05:23
and dedicate your life to it.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Most of us -- now that the "Me Decade" is well in the past --
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์ด์ œ ์ž๊ธฐ์ค‘์‹ฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
05:29
now we actually do this.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
One set of ideas or another
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์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด
05:34
have simply replaced our biological imperatives in our own lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ƒ ์†์—์„œ, ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋ช…์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
This is what our summum bonum is.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์ด ๋– ๋ฐ›๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
It's not maximizing the number of grandchildren we have.
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์†์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:44
Now, this is a profound biological effect.
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์ž, ์ด๋Š” ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํšจ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
It's the subordination of genetic interest to other interests.
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์œ ์ „์  ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์— ์ข…์†์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:51
And no other species does anything at all like it.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Well, how are we going to think about this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
05:57
It is, on the one hand, a biological effect, and a very large one.
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์ด๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ํšจ๊ณผ์ง€์š”. ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
Unmistakable.
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ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์š”.
06:03
Now, what theories do we want to use to look at this?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:06
Well, many theories. But how could something tie them together?
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์ด๋ก ์€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ก ๋“ค์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
06:09
The idea of replicating ideas;
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๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
ideas that replicate by passing from brain to brain.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ณต์ œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Richard Dawkins, whom you'll be hearing later in the day, invented the term "memes,"
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹ค ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ๋„ํ‚จ์Šค๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฑ… '์ด๊ธฐ์  ์œ ์ „์ž'์—์„œ
06:22
and put forward the first really clear and vivid version of this idea
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'๋ฐˆ'์ด๋ž€ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์ฐฝํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
06:27
in his book "The Selfish Gene."
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
Now here am I talking about his idea.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ํ‚จ์Šค์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด,
06:32
Well, you see, it's not his. Yes -- he started it.
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์ดํ•ด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์ด์   ๊ทธ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
But it's everybody's idea now.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
And he's not responsible for what I say about memes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„ํ‚จ์Šค๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
I'm responsible for what I say about memes.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:50
Actually, I think we're all responsible
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š”
06:53
for not just the intended effects of our ideas,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜๋„๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
06:59
but for their likely misuses.
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์˜ค์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
So it is important, I think, to Richard, and to me,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜
07:07
that these ideas not be abused and misused.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์šฉ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
They're very easy to misuse. That's why they're dangerous.
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์˜ค์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€์š”. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And it's just about a full-time job
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:17
trying to prevent people who are scared of these ideas
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณผ์žฅ๋˜๊ฒŒ ์™œ๊ณกํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŠ€์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
07:20
from caricaturing them and then running off to one dire purpose or another.
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๋ง‰์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
So we have to keep plugging away,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋“ค์€ ๋Š์–ด์„œ
07:31
trying to correct the misapprehensions
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ธ์‹์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:33
so that only the benign and useful variants of our ideas continue to spread.
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์˜ค์ง ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์“ธ๋งŒํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋งŒ ํผ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
But it is a problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
We don't have much time, and I'm going to go over just a little bit of this and cut out,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋„ ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ๋” ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งˆ์น ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
because there's a lot of other things that are going to be said.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:53
So let me just point out: memes are like viruses.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์ฐ์–ด๋ณด์ง€์š”. ๋ฐˆ์€ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
That's what Richard said, back in '93.
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๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ๊ฐ€ 93๋…„์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:00
And you might think, "Well, how can that be?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
I mean, a virus is -- you know, it's stuff! What's a meme made of?"
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"๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์•ผ? ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ž€, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ... ๋ฌผ์ฒด์ž–์•„! ๋ฐˆ์€ ๋ญ˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ?"
08:09
Yesterday, Negroponte was talking about viral telecommunications
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์–ด์ œ, ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ๊ฐ€ "๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์„ฑ" ํ†ต์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:14
but -- what's a virus?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ž€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
08:15
A virus is a string of nucleic acid with attitude.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” "์„ฑ๊น”์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ต์‚ฐ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
(Laughter)
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์›ƒ์Œ
08:20
That is, there is something about it
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์—๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž˜ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ณต์ œ๋ฅผ
08:22
that tends to make it replicate better than the competition does.
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์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
And that's what a meme is. It's an information packet with attitude.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐˆ์˜ ์„ฑ์งˆ์ด์ฃ . ๋ฐˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์„ฑํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ํŒจํ‚ท(๋‹ค๋ฐœ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
What's a meme made of? What are bits made of, Mom?
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๋ฐˆ์€ ๋ญ˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์—„๋งˆ ์—„๋งˆ, ๋น„ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ญ˜๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‚˜์š”?
08:36
Not silicon.
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์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
They're made of information, and can be carried in any physical medium.
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์ •๋ณด๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ๋„ ์šด๋ฐ˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
What's a word made of?
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๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:44
Sometimes when people say, "Do memes exist?"
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๊ฐ€๋” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "๋ฐˆ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์œผ๋ฉด,
08:49
I say, "Well, do words exist? Are they in your ontology?"
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์ „ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ฃ ."๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์•ˆ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
08:53
If they are, words are memes that can be pronounced.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹จ์–ด๋ž€ ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
Then there's all the other memes that can't be pronounced.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฐˆ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
There are different species of memes.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐˆ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:09
Remember the Shakers? Gift to be simple?
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์‰์ด์ปคํŒŒ ์•„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? '๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ถ•๋ณต'์ด๋ž€ ์ฐฌ์†ก๊ฐ€๋Š”์š”?
09:13
Simple, beautiful furniture?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋“ค์€์š”?
09:16
And, of course, they're basically extinct now.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์‰์ด์ปคํŒŒ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ์†Œ๋ฉธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
And one of the reasons is that among the creed of Shaker-dom
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์†Œ๋ฉธํ•œ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‰์ด์ปคํŒŒ ์‹ ๋„๋Š”
09:25
is that one should be celibate.
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๋ฒˆ์‹ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ธˆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ณ„์œจ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
Not just the priests. Everybody.
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์„ฑ์ง์ž ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
Well, it's not so surprising that they've gone extinct. (Laughter)
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๋ญ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋ฉธํ•œ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:37
But in fact that's not why they went extinct.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์‰์ด์ปคํŒŒ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
They survived as long as they did
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ์—
09:45
at a time when the social safety nets weren't there.
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๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋‚˜๋งˆ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
And there were lots of widows and orphans,
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์—” ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋‚˜ ๊ณ ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜๊ณ 
09:50
people like that, who needed a foster home.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋จธ๋ฌผ ๊ณณ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
And so they had a ready supply of converts.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ข…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:56
And they could keep it going.
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๊ณ„์† ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And, in principle, it could've gone on forever,
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋ก  ์–ธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:00
with perfect celibacy on the part of the hosts.
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์ˆ™์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
10:03
The idea being passed on through proselytizing,
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ข…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
instead of through the gene line.
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์œ ์ „๊ณ„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:13
So the ideas can live on in spite of the fact
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์ฆ‰, ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
10:17
that they're not being passed on genetically.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
A meme can flourish in spite of having a negative impact on genetic fitness.
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๋ฐˆ์€ ์œ ์ „์  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ํ•ด์น˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
10:24
After all, the meme for Shaker-dom was essentially a sterilizing parasite.
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ, ์‰์ด์ปคํŒŒ์˜ ๋ฐˆ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
There are other parasites that do this -- which render the host sterile.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ƒ์ฒด๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”. ์ˆ™์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์„ธ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
It's part of their plan.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
They don't have to have minds to have a plan.
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๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ผญ ์ •์‹ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
I'm just going to draw your attention to just one
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์ด์ œ ๋ฐˆ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํ•จ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ
10:52
of the many implications of the memetic perspective, which I recommend.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
I've not time to go into more of it.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:03
In Jared Diamond's wonderful book, "Guns, Germs and Steel,"
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์ œ๋ ˆ๋“œ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๋ชฌ๋“œ์˜ ๋ช…์ €, '์ด, ๊ท , ์‡ '๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
11:07
he talks about how it was germs, more than guns and steel,
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ํ•„์ž๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์ด๋‚˜ ์‡ ๋ณด๋‹ค
11:13
that conquered the new hemisphere -- the Western hemisphere --
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์‹ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™(์„œ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ)๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
11:18
that conquered the rest of the world.
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์ •๋ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋” ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
When European explorers and travelers spread out,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ ํƒํ—˜๊ฐ€์™€ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž๊ฐ€ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
11:27
they brought with them the germs
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ๋œ
11:29
that they had become essentially immune to,
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์„ธ๊ท ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
that they had learned how to tolerate over
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
11:35
hundreds and hundreds of years, thousands of years,
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๋ณ‘๊ท ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ธ ๊ฐ€์ถ•๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ
11:38
of living with domesticated animals who were the sources of those pathogens.
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์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„ ํ‚ค์› ์ฃ .
11:43
And they just wiped out -- these pathogens just wiped out the native people,
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๊ทธ ์„ธ๊ท ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์›์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„
11:48
who had no immunity to them at all.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์“ธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
And we're doing it again.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
We're doing it this time with toxic ideas.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์œ ๋…ํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:00
Yesterday, a number of people -- Nicholas Negroponte and others --
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์–ด์ œ, ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ์Šค ๋„ค๊ทธ๋กœํฐํ…Œ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:04
spoke about all the wonderful things
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ํผ์ ธ๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
12:06
that are happening when our ideas get spread out,
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๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฐ– ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
thanks to all the new technology all over the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฎ์€ ์ƒˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
12:11
And I agree. It is largely wonderful. Largely wonderful.
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์ €๋„ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ . ๊ฑฐ์˜.
12:17
But among all those ideas that inevitably flow out into the whole world
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•์œผ๋กœ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š”
12:25
thanks to our technology, are a lot of toxic ideas.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์œ ๋…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
Now, this has been realized for some time.
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์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ฝค ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์— ์•Œ๊ฒŒ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
Sayyid Qutb is one of the founding fathers of fanatical Islam,
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์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ์ฟ ํˆฌ๋ธŒ๋Š” ์˜ค์‚ฌ๋งˆ ๋นˆ ๋ผ๋ด์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ
12:39
one of the ideologues that inspired Osama bin Laden.
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์ด๋… ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๊ด‘์‹ ์  ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฐฝ์‹œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
"One has only to glance at its press films, fashion shows, beauty contests,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์˜ํ™”์™€ ํŒจ์…˜์‡ผ, ๋ฏธ์ธ๋Œ€ํšŒ,
12:49
ballrooms, wine bars and broadcasting stations." Memes.
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์ถค, ์™€์ธ ๋ฐ”, ๋ฐฉ์†ก์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋ผ"๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐˆ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:55
These memes are spreading around the world
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐˆ๋“ค์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์— ํผ์ ธ
12:59
and they are wiping out whole cultures.
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๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์งธ๋กœ ์“ธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
They are wiping out languages.
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์–ธ์–ด๋„ ์žŠํ˜€์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:06
They are wiping out traditions and practices.
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์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ด€์Šต๋„ ์—†์• ๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
And it's not our fault, anymore than it's our fault when our germs lay waste
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์ด๊ฑด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
13:19
to people that haven't developed the immunity.
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์„ธ๊ท ์„ ํ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์ด์ฃ .
13:22
We have an immunity to all of the junk that lies around the edges of our culture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™” ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๋„๋ฆฐ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฉด์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
We're a free society, so we let pornography and all these things -- we shrug them off.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํฌ๋ฅด๋…ธ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ„ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋„ ์•ˆ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
They're like a mild cold.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
13:36
They're not a big deal for us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌํ•œํ… ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
But we should recognize that for many people in the world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
13:42
they are a big deal.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
And we should be very alert to this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค์šฐ ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์€
13:49
As we spread our education and our technology,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:52
one of the things that we are doing is we're the vectors of memes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ฐˆ(๊ต์œก, ๊ธฐ์ˆ )์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋ฉฐ
14:00
that are correctly viewed by the hosts of many other memes
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐˆ์˜ ์ˆ™์ฃผ(์‚ฌ๋žŒ)๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
14:06
as a dire threat to their favorite memes --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐˆ, ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๊ฑธ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐˆ์—
14:09
the memes that they are prepared to die for.
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ํฌ๋‚˜ํฐ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
Well now, how are we going to tell the good memes from the bad memes?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐˆ๊ณผ ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฐˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:16
That is not the job of the science of memetics.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฌธํ™”์ „ํŒŒํ•™(memetics)์˜ ์†Œ๊ด€์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
Memetics is morally neutral. And so it should be.
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๋ฌธํ™”์ „ํŒŒํ•™์€ ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
14:27
This is not the place for hate and anger.
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์ฆ์˜ค์™€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
If you've had a friend who's died of AIDS, then you hate HIV.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์—์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด HIV ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ์›Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:36
But the way to deal with that is to do science,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ด ํ•  ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:40
and understand how it spreads and why in a morally neutral perspective.
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๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๋ฐˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™œ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์š”.
14:47
Get the facts.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:49
Work out the implications.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•จ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
14:53
There's plenty of room for moral passion once we've got the facts
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋„ ๋„๋•์„ ๋”ฐ์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
14:57
and can figure out the best thing to do.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
And, as with germs, the trick is not to try to annihilate them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ท ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ ˆ๋ฉธ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
You will never annihilate the germs.
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์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์ ˆ๋ฉธ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
What you can do, however, is foster public health measures and the like
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด ์ˆ˜๋‹จ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ
15:13
that will encourage the evolution of avirulence.
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๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„์‹œ์ผœ
15:19
That will encourage the spread of relatively benign mutations
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๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด
15:26
of the most toxic varieties.
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ํผ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
That's all the time I have,
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์ด์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค ๋˜์—ˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
15:32
so thank you very much for your attention.
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๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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