Margaret Heffernan: The dangers of "willful blindness"

179,048 views ใƒป 2013-08-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:13
In the northwest corner of the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ถ์„œ์ชฝ ๊ตฌ์„์˜
00:16
right up near the Canadian border,
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์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋Š”
00:19
there's a little town called Libby, Montana,
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'๋ฆฌ๋น„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชฌํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
and it's surrounded by pine trees and lakes
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์ด ๋งˆ์„์€ ์†Œ๋‚˜๋ฌด์™€ ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋“ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์Œ“์—ฌ ์žˆ๋Š”
00:28
and just amazing wildlife
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์ž๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:32
and these enormous trees that scream up into the sky.
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์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜ ๋†’์€ ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์†Ÿ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
00:38
And in there is a little town called Libby,
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๊ทธ '๋ฆฌ๋น„'๋ผ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:41
which I visited, which feels kind of lonely,
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์ข€ ์“ธ์“ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ๋“ฏํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š”
00:45
a little isolated.
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๋งˆ์„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
And in Libby, Montana, there's a rather unusual woman
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๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์—๋Š” ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ ๋ฒ ๋„คํ•„๋“œ๋ผ๋Š”
00:52
named Gayla Benefield.
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๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
She always felt a little bit of an outsider,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋งˆ์„์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ‰์ƒ ์‚ด์•˜์Œ์—๋„
00:56
although she's been there almost all her life,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฒ‰๋„๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
a woman of Russian extraction.
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„๊ณ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
01:01
She told me when she went to school,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธธ, ํ•™์ฐฝ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—
01:03
she was the only girl who ever chose
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์€
01:04
to do mechanical drawing.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:08
Later in life, she got a job going house to house
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ทจ์งํ•œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง‘์ง‘๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜์—ฌ
01:12
reading utility meters -- gas meters, electricity meters.
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์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ€์Šค๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:16
And she was doing the work in the middle of the day,
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๋‚ฎ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฐ€์ •์ง‘๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋˜ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
01:19
and one thing particularly caught her notice, which was,
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๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
in the middle of the day she met a lot of men
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๋Œ€๋‚ฎ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ์ง‘์— ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
who were at home, middle aged, late middle aged,
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์ค‘๋…„, ์•„๋‹ˆ ์žฅ๋…„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:31
and a lot of them seemed to be on oxygen tanks.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
It struck her as strange.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:39
Then, a few years later, her father died at the age of 59,
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๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์—ฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ 5์ผ ์ „์ธ
01:42
five days before he was due to receive his pension.
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59์„ธ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:46
He'd been a miner.
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๊ด‘๋ถ€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ถ„์ด์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
She thought he must just have been worn out by the work.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ถ€ ์ผ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ณ ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
But then a few years later, her mother died,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
and that seemed stranger still,
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—” ๋” ์ด์ƒํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:00
because her mother came from a long line of people
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ผญ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ถ„๊ฐ™์ด
02:02
who just seemed to live forever.
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๋ณด์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
In fact, Gayla's uncle is still alive to this day,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ์˜ ์™ธ์‚ผ์ดŒ์€ ์•„์ง ์‚ด์•„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๋ฐ
02:10
and learning how to waltz.
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์™ˆ์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์‹ค ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ •์ •ํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
It didn't make sense that Gayla's mother
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ฐ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
02:16
should die so young.
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๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
02:18
It was an anomaly, and she kept puzzling over anomalies.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
And as she did, other ones came to mind.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
She remembered, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์—
02:26
when her mother had broken a leg and went into the hospital,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋Ÿฌ์ ธ์„œ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:29
and she had a lot of x-rays,
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๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ์—‘์Šค๋ ˆ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
and two of them were leg x-rays, which made sense,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ์ดฌ์˜์€ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:34
but six of them were chest x-rays, which didn't.
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์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ํ‰๋ถ€ ์ดฌ์˜์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ง์ด ์•ˆ ๋์ฃ .
02:39
She puzzled and puzzled over every piece
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋‹ค ๊ฐ„ ์ธ์ƒ์„
02:42
of her life and her parents' life,
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๊ณฐ๊ณฐ์ด ๋˜์”น์–ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
trying to understand what she was seeing.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
02:48
She thought about her town.
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
The town had a vermiculite mine in it.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„์—๋Š” ์งˆ์„(่›ญ็Ÿณ) ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:53
Vermiculite was used for soil conditioners,
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์งˆ์„์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ๋„๋ก
02:56
to make plants grow faster and better.
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ํ† ์–‘์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋Ÿ‰์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
Vermiculite was used to insulate lofts,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์งˆ์„์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ ์œ—๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋‹จ์—ด์ œ๋กœ
03:02
huge amounts of it put under the roof
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์ง€๋ถ• ์•„๋ž˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์„ ๋„ฃ์–ด,
03:05
to keep houses warm during the long Montana winters.
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๋ชฌํƒœ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธด ๊ฒจ์šธ๋™์•ˆ ์ง‘์„ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Vermiculite was in the playground.
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์งˆ์„์€ ๋†€์ดํ„ฐ์—๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:11
It was in the football ground.
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์ถ•๊ตฌ์žฅ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก 
03:12
It was in the skating rink.
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์Šค์ผ€์ดํŠธ์žฅ์—๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
What she didn't learn until she started working this problem
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:18
is vermiculite is a very toxic form of asbestos.
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์งˆ์„์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„๋ฉด์˜ ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
When she figured out the puzzle,
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š”
03:27
she started telling everyone she could
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€,
03:30
what had happened, what had been done to her parents
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์—๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‚ฎ์— ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํƒฑํฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๊ณ 
03:33
and to the people that she saw on oxygen tanks
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์ง‘์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
03:36
at home in the afternoons.
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๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
But she was really amazed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณง ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
She thought, when everybody knows, they'll want to do something,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ง„์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
but actually nobody wanted to know.
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03:46
In fact, she became so annoying
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊พธ ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
03:48
as she kept insisting on telling this story
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์ด์›ƒ๋“ค, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
03:50
to her neighbors, to her friends, to other people in the community,
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ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ž ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„๋ฆฌ์–ด ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์…”ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ
03:54
that eventually a bunch of them got together
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
and they made a bumper sticker,
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03:57
which they proudly displayed on their cars, which said,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์Šคํ‹ฐ์ปค๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์— ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ™์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…”๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:00
"Yes, I'm from Libby, Montana,
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"๋งž์•„์š”, ์ €๋Š” ๋ชฌํƒœ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ ๋ฆฌ๋น„ ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:03
and no, I don't have asbestosis."
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„๋ฉด ์ค‘๋…์€ ์—†์–ด์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ์จ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:08
But Gayla didn't stop. She kept doing research.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
04:12
The advent of the Internet definitely helped her.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
She talked to anybody she could.
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๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ์žก๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
04:17
She argued and argued, and finally she struck lucky
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์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋˜ ์™€์ค‘์— ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
when a researcher came through town
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ด‘์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€
04:22
studying the history of mines in the area,
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๋ฆฌ๋น„ ๋งˆ์„์— ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
and she told him her story, and at first, of course,
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:28
like everyone, he didn't believe her,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๊ทธ๋„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์–ด ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
04:30
but he went back to Seattle and he did his own research
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹œ์• ํ‹€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋์—
๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ๋งž๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
and he realized that she was right.
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04:37
So now she had an ally.
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ์…ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:41
Nevertheless, people still didn't want to know.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
They said things like, "Well, if it were really dangerous,
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"๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ž‘ ๋งํ•ด ์คฌ๊ฒ ์ง€."
04:47
someone would have told us."
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"์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:50
"If that's really why everyone was dying,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•ด ์คฌ๊ฒ ์ง€."
04:53
the doctors would have told us."
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋Œ์•„ ์˜ฌ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:58
Some of the guys used to very heavy jobs said,
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์งˆ์„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋…ธ๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:01
"I don't want to be a victim.
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"ํฌ์ƒ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‹ซ์ง€๋งŒ
05:03
I can't possibly be a victim, and anyway,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:05
every industry has its accidents."
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์žฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ๋‚˜."
05:12
But still Gayla went on, and finally she succeeded
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ,
05:16
in getting a federal agency to come to town
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งˆ์„์— ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ
05:18
and to screen the inhabitants of the town --
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
15,000 people -- and what they discovered
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๋งŒ ์˜ค์ฒœ ๋ช…์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•œ ๋์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
05:27
was that the town had a mortality rate
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๋ฆฌ๋น„ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค
05:31
80 times higher than anywhere in the United States.
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80๋ฐฐ ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
That was in 2002, and even at that moment,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ 2002๋…„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋•Œ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
05:41
no one raised their hand to say, "Gayla,
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์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด "๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ, ์ €๊ธฐ ๋„ค ์†์ฃผ๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ๋Š”
05:45
look in the playground where your grandchildren are playing.
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๋†€์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ด. ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ์„์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ."
05:49
It's lined with vermiculite."
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๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋‹ค.
05:54
This wasn't ignorance.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์ง€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
It was willful blindness.
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์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Willful blindness is a legal concept which means,
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'์˜๋„์  ์™ธ๋ฉด'์€ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ  ์šฉ์–ด๋กœ
06:03
if there's information that you could know and you should know
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด๋„
06:06
but you somehow manage not to know,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
06:09
the law deems that you're willfully blind.
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๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ƒ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:12
You have chosen not to know.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž์ฒ˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
There's a lot of willful blindness around these days.
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์™ธ๋„์  ์™ธ๋ฉด์€ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
You can see willful blindness in banks,
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์€ํ–‰์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:23
when thousands of people sold mortgages to people
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๊ฐš์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ด๋ณด ๋Œ€์ถœ์„
06:26
who couldn't afford them.
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ํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
06:28
You could see them in banks
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์€ํ–‰์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
06:30
when interest rates were manipulated
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์ด์ž์œจ์ด ์กฐ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ 
06:32
and everyone around knew what was going on,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
06:34
but everyone studiously ignored it.
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๋ˆ์งˆ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ์ฒ™ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:37
You can see willful blindness in the Catholic Church,
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'์˜๋„์  ์™ธ๋ฉด'์€ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
where decades of child abuse went ignored.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋™ ํ•™๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ชป ๋ณธ ์ฒด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:45
You could see willful blindness
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์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์ค€๋น„ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์—๋„
06:48
in the run-up to the Iraq War.
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'์˜๋„์  ์™ธ๋ฉด'์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Willful blindness exists on epic scales like those,
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'์˜๋„์  ์™ธ๋ฉด'์€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:56
and it also exists on very small scales,
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์ž‘์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์—๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
in people's families, in people's homes and communities,
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๊ฐ€์ •์—์„œ, ์ง‘์—์„œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ,
07:03
and particularly in organizations and institutions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์—๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ฃ .
07:08
Companies that have been studied for willful blindness
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'์˜๋„์  ์™ธ๋ฉด'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๋Š”
07:12
can be asked questions like,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
"Are there issues at work
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"์ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธธ ๊บผ๋ คํ•˜๋Š”
07:17
that people are afraid to raise?"
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?"
07:21
And when academics have done studies like this
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ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…์„
07:23
of corporations in the United States,
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๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
07:25
what they find is 85 percent of people say yes.
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85%๊ฐ€ '๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค'๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Eighty-five percent of people know there's a problem,
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85%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
07:34
but they won't say anything.
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์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:36
And when I duplicated the research in Europe,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:39
asking all the same questions,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋„
07:42
I found exactly the same number.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
Eighty-five percent. That's a lot of silence.
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85%์˜€์ฃ , ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์นจ๋ฌต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
It's a lot of blindness.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์™ธ๋ฉด์ด์ฃ .
07:51
And what's really interesting is that when I go to companies in Switzerland,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ ์€ ์Šค์œ„์Šค ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
"์Šค์œ„์Šค์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
they tell me, "This is a uniquely Swiss problem."
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07:58
And when I go to Germany, they say, "Oh yes, this is the German disease."
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๋…์ผ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด "๋…์ผ๋งŒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด์—์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:02
And when I go to companies in England, they say,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๊ตญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:05
"Oh, yeah, the British are really bad at this."
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"์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
And the truth is, this is a human problem.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
We're all, under certain circumstances, willfully blind.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์˜๋„์  ์™ธ๋ฉด์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:19
What the research shows is that some people are blind
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
out of fear. They're afraid of retaliation.
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๋ณด๋ณต์ด ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:25
And some people are blind because they think, well,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
seeing anything is just futile.
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"์•Œ์•„๋ดค์ž ์†Œ์šฉ ์—†์ž–์•„,
08:31
Nothing's ever going to change.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑธ.
08:33
If we make a protest, if we protest against the Iraq War,
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์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ดค์ž, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด ๋ดค์ž.
08:36
nothing changes, so why bother?
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๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š”๋ฐ ์™œ ํ—›์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ•ด?
08:38
Better not to see this stuff at all.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์ด ๋‚ซ์ง€."
08:42
And the recurrent theme that I encounter all the time
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜ ๋งˆ์ฃผ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
is people say, "Well, you know,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜์ฃ . "๊ธ€์Ž„์š”.
08:48
the people who do see, they're whistleblowers,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
and we all know what happens to them."
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๊ทธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž˜ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:54
So there's this profound mythology around whistleblowers
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹ ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
which says, first of all, they're all crazy.
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์šฐ์„  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:02
But what I've found going around the world
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ
09:05
and talking to whistleblowers is, actually,
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
09:08
they're very loyal and quite often very conservative people.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ถฉ์งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
They're hugely dedicated to the institutions that they work for,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ํ—Œ์‹ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:16
and the reason that they speak up,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ญ,
09:19
the reason they insist on seeing,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์€
09:22
is because they care so much about the institution
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ 
09:25
and want to keep it healthy.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
And the other thing that people often say
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
09:31
about whistleblowers is, "Well, there's no point,
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์ž์ฃผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” "๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์†Œ์šฉ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
because you see what happens to them.
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๊ทธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์…จ์ž–์•„์š”.
09:37
They are crushed.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ง๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
Nobody would want to go through something like that."
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒช์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”."
09:42
And yet, when I talk to whistleblowers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์„ ๋•Œ
09:45
the recurrent tone that I hear is pride.
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์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ž์กด์‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
I think of Joe Darby.
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ ๋‹ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
We all remember the photographs of Abu Ghraib,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฝ์ด ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
which so shocked the world and showed the kind of war
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋น ํŠธ๋ ธ๊ณ 
10:00
that was being fought in Iraq.
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์ด๋ผํฌ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ „์Ÿ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
But I wonder who remembers Joe Darby,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์กฐ ๋‹ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ• ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
the very obedient, good soldier
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์กฐ๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์„ ์ž˜ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:09
who found those photographs and handed them in.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ฑด๋„ค์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
And he said, "You know, I'm not the kind of guy
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์žก์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
10:17
to rat people out, but some things just cross the line.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜์ณค์–ด.
10:22
Ignorance is bliss, they say,
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:24
but you can't put up with things like this."
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์ฐธ์•„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ผ."
10:27
I talked to Steve Bolsin, a British doctor,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์˜์‚ฌ์ธ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ๋ณผ์‹ ๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:30
who fought for five years to draw attention
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌํ•œํ…Œ
10:35
to a dangerous surgeon who was killing babies.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๋„๋ก 5๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์‹ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
And I asked him why he did it, and he said,
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ตํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
10:42
"Well, it was really my daughter who prompted me to do it.
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"์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ œ ๋”ธ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”."
10:46
She came up to me one night, and she just said,
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ๋ฐค ๋”ธ์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์™€์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
10:48
'Dad, you can't let the kids die.'"
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'์•„๋น , ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”."
10:52
Or I think of Cynthia Thomas,
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์ €๋Š” ๋˜ ์‹ ์‹œ์•„ ํ† ๋งˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
a really loyal army daughter and army wife,
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์•„์ฃผ ์ถฉ์งํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ๋”ธ์ด์ž ๊ตฐ์ธ์˜ ์•„๋‚ด์ด์ฃ .
10:58
who, as she saw her friends and relations
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€์ธ๋“ค์€
11:01
coming back from the Iraq War, was so shocked
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์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์™”์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
11:06
by their mental condition
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์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
and the refusal of the military to recognize and acknowledge
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ์™ธ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์„
11:12
post-traumatic stress syndrome
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์ธ์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:14
that she set up a cafe in the middle of a military town
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ตฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ฐป์ง‘์„ ์ฐจ๋ ค์„œ
11:20
to give them legal, psychological and medical assistance.
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๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋„์›€์„ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
And she said to me, she said, "You know, Margaret,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๋งˆ๊ฐ€๋ ›,
11:28
I always used to say I didn't know what I wanted to be
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์ €๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ปค์„œ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€
11:32
when I grow up.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:34
But I've found myself in this cause,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๋กœ
11:39
and I'll never be the same."
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:44
We all enjoy so many freedoms today,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
hard-won freedoms:
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์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ์–ป์€ ์ž์œ ์ด์ง€์š”.
11:49
the freedom to write and publish without fear of censorship,
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๊ฒ€์—ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ์—†์ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ถœํŒํ•  ์ž์œ ,
11:53
a freedom that wasn't here the last time I came to Hungary;
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์— ์™”์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ž์œ ,
11:56
a freedom to vote, which women in particular
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ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์€
11:59
had to fight so hard for;
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์•„์ฃผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
the freedom for people of different ethnicities and cultures
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์ข…์กฑ, ๋ฌธํ™”, ์„ฑ์  ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด
12:04
and sexual orientation to live the way that they want.
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์œ ,
12:09
But freedom doesn't exist if you don't use it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ž์œ ๋ž€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
and what whistleblowers do,
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
12:16
and what people like Gayla Benefield do
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๊ฑ€๋ผ ๋ฒ ๋„คํ•„๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
12:19
is they use the freedom that they have.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:24
And what they're very prepared to do is recognize
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
12:27
that yes, this is going to be an argument,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:30
and yes I'm going to have a lot of rows
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๋‚ด ์ด์›ƒ, ๋‚ด ๋™๋ฃŒ, ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ
12:33
with my neighbors and my colleagues and my friends,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํ•  ํ…Œ์ง€๋งŒ
12:37
but I'm going to become very good at this conflict.
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์ด ์‹ธ์›€์—์„œ ์ž˜ ํ•ด๋‚ผ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
12:40
I'm going to take on the naysayers,
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ํ—›์†Œ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๋งž์„ค๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
12:42
because they'll make my argument better and stronger.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ๋” ํž˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
12:47
I can collaborate with my opponents
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๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ
12:50
to become better at what I do.
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด.
12:54
These are people of immense persistence,
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ˆ๊ธฐ์™€
12:57
incredible patience, and an absolute determination
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฐธ์„์„ฑ, ์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ
13:02
not to be blind and not to be silent.
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์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์นจ๋ฌตํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
When I went to Libby, Montana,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฌํƒ€๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋น„์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
13:11
I visited the asbestosis clinic
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์„๋ฉด ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
that Gayla Benefield brought into being,
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ ๋ฒ ๋„คํ•„๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณณ์ธ๋ฐ
13:18
a place where at first some of the people
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—
13:21
who wanted help and needed medical attention
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๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ
13:24
went in the back door
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๋’ท๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
because they didn't want to acknowledge
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์˜ณ์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
13:29
that she'd been right.
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์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:31
I sat in a diner, and I watched
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์ €๋Š” ์‹๋‹น์— ์•‰์•„
13:35
as trucks drove up and down the highway,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์ด ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅด๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
13:39
carting away the earth out of gardens
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์ •์›์˜ ํ™์„ ํผ๋‚ด๊ณ 
13:43
and replacing it with fresh, uncontaminated soil.
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์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒˆํ™์œผ๋กœ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
I took my 12-year-old daughter with me,
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12์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ œ ๋”ธ์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
13:52
because I really wanted her to meet Gayla.
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๋”ธ์ด ๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:55
And she said, "Why? What's the big deal?"
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๋”ธ์ด ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”. "์™œ์š”? ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด์—์š”?"
13:58
I said, "She's not a movie star,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์˜ํ™” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
14:01
and she's not a celebrity, and she's not an expert,
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์œ ๋ช… ์ธ์‚ฌ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€๋‹ค.
14:05
and Gayla's the first person who'd say
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์„ฑ์ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
14:08
she's not a saint.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€๋‹ค.
14:11
The really important thing about Gayla
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๊ฒŒ์ผ๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
14:14
is she is ordinary.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋ž€๋‹ค.
14:16
She's like you, and she's like me.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ž€๋‹ค.
14:21
She had freedom, and she was ready to use it."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด."
14:27
Thank you very much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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