Erin McKean: The joy of lexicography

72,864 views ・ 2007-08-30

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Miryoung Lee κ²€ν† : Hyunwoo Park
00:25
Now, have any of y'all ever looked up this word?
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ν˜Ήμ‹œ μ‚¬μ „μ—μ„œ 이 단어 찾아보신 λΆ„ κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
00:29
You know, in a dictionary? (Laughter) Yeah, that's what I thought.
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(μ›ƒμŒ) 제 μƒκ°λŒ€λ‘œκ΅°μš”.
00:33
How about this word?
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이 λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”μš”?
00:35
Here, I'll show it to you.
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λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:36
Lexicography: the practice of compiling dictionaries.
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사전 편찬: 자료λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ 사전을 νŽΈμ°¬ν•˜λŠ” ν–‰μœ„
00:39
Notice -- we're very specific -- that word "compile."
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"μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜κ³  편찬"ν•œλ‹€λŠ” ꡬ체적인 동사λ₯Ό μ£Όλͺ©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
00:42
The dictionary is not carved out of a piece of granite,
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사전은 λ°”μœ—λ©μ΄λ₯Ό 쑰각해가듯 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
00:45
out of a lump of rock. It's made up of lots of little bits.
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제각기 λΆ„λ¦¬λœ(discrete) μƒνƒœμ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 쑰각을
00:48
It's little discrete --
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이어 λΆ™μ—¬μ„œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
that's spelled D-I-S-C-R-E-T-E -- bits.
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"discrete"κ°€ D-I-S-C-R-E-T-E의 μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³ μ‘°κ°λ“€λ‘œ 이루어진 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
00:53
And those bits are words.
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이런 μ•ŒνŒŒλ²³ 쑰각듀이 λͺ¨μ—¬ 단어가 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Now one of the perks of being a lexicographer --
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사전 편찬자의 특혜 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
00:59
besides getting to come to TED -- is that you get to say really fun words,
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TED에 올 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것 외에도 -- 정말 웃긴 단어듀을 λ°œμŒν•΄ λ³Ό 기회λ₯Ό μ–»λŠ” κ±°μ—μš”.
01:02
like lexicographical.
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lexicographical(사전 편찬의) μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
01:05
Lexicographical has this great pattern:
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Lexicographicalμ΄λž€ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 발음 νŒ¨ν„΄μ„
01:07
it's called a double dactyl. And just by saying double dactyl,
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Double Dactyl(2쀑 강약약격)이라고 ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
01:09
I've sent the geek needle all the way into the red. (Laughter) (Applause)
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방금 이 말은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 도가 μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ μ „λ¬Έμš©μ–΄μ˜€μ£ ?
01:12
But "lexicographical" is the same pattern as "higgledy-piggledy."
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μ‰½κ²Œ 말해 "lexicographical"의 νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄
01:16
Right? It's a fun word to say,
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"νžˆκΈ€λ”” ν”ΌκΈ€λ””"λž‘ κ°™λ‹€λŠ”κ±°μ£ . μž¬λ°ŒλŠ” 발음이죠?
01:18
and I get to say it a lot.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ νŠΉμ΄ν•œ 단어λ₯Ό 말할 κΈ°νšŒκ°€ λ§Žμ€ 게 μ’‹μ•„μš”.
01:21
Now, one of the non-perks of being a lexicographer
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ λ‚˜μœ 점듀도 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:24
is that people don't usually have a kind of warm, fuzzy, snuggly image of the dictionary.
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κ·Έ 쀑 ν•œ κ°€μ§€λŠ”, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 사전을 λ”°λœ»ν•˜κ³ , λ½€μ†‘λ½€μ†‘ν•˜κ³ , ν¬κ·Όν•˜κ²Œ λŠλΌμ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ—μš”.
01:29
Right? Nobody hugs their dictionaries.
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자기 사전을 μ•ˆμ•„μ£ΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μž–μ•„μš”.
01:32
But what people really often think about the dictionary is, they think more like this.
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였히렀 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ œκ°€ 무슨 ꡐ톡 경찰인 쀄 μ•Œμ•„μš”.
01:39
Just to let you know, I do not have a lexicographical whistle.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ €λŠ” '사전 편찬용 호루라기'도 μ—†λŠ” κ±Έμš”.
01:42
But people think that my job is to let the good words
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 사전 νŽΈμ°¬μžλ“€μ΄
01:44
make that difficult left-hand turn into the dictionary,
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쒋은 단어듀은 μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ 사전에 λ„£κ³ ,
01:47
and keep the bad words out.
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λ‚˜μœ 단어듀은 λͺ» λ“€μ–΄μ˜€κ²Œ
01:49
But the thing is, I don't want to be a traffic cop.
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λ§‰λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λ‚˜λ΄μš”.
01:52
For one thing, I just do not do uniforms.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ꡐ톡 경찰은 ν•˜κ³  싢지 μ•Šμ•„μš”. 일단, μœ λ‹ˆνΌμ„ μ‹«μ–΄ν•΄μš”.
01:56
And for another, deciding what words are good
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그리고 -- μ–΄λ–€ 단어가 쒋은지 λ‚˜μœμ§€
02:00
and what words are bad is actually not very easy.
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κ²°μ •ν•˜λŠ” 일은 어렡기도 ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:02
And it's not very fun. And when parts of your job are not easy or fun,
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μž¬λ―Έλ„ μ—†μ–΄μš”. μ§μ—…μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄μ•Όν•  일이
02:06
you kind of look for an excuse not to do them.
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μ–΄λ ΅κ³  μž¬λ―Έλ„ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄,
02:09
So if I had to think of some kind of occupation
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핑계λ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° λ§ˆλ ¨μ΄μž–μ•„μš”. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Œμ•½ 제 직업을
02:14
as a metaphor for my work, I would much rather be a fisherman.
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무엇인가에 λΉ„μœ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ €λŠ” λ‚šμ‹œκΎΌμ— λΉ„μœ ν•˜κ² μ–΄μš”.
02:20
I want to throw my big net into the deep, blue ocean of English
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μ»€λ‹€λž€ 어망을 깊고 ν‘Έλ₯Έ μ˜μ–΄μ˜ λŒ€μ–‘μ— 던져 λ„£κ³ 
02:23
and see what marvelous creatures I can drag up from the bottom.
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μ–΄λ–€ ꡉμž₯ν•œ 생λͺ…체듀이 끌렀 μ˜¬λΌμ˜€λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
02:27
But why do people want me to direct traffic, when I would much rather go fishing?
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ‚šμ‹œν•˜λŸ¬ κ°€κ³  싢은데, μ™œ κ²½μ°° 노릇을 ν•˜λΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ ?
02:32
Well, I blame the Queen.
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κΈ€μŽ„, 빅토리아 μ—¬μ™• 탓이겠죠.
02:34
Why do I blame the Queen?
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μ™œ μ—¬μ™• νƒ“μ΄λƒκ³ μš”?
02:36
Well, first of all, I blame the Queen because it's funny.
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μš°μ„ , μ›ƒκ²¨μ„œ λ§ν•΄λ΄€μ–΄μš”.
02:38
But secondly, I blame the Queen because
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ§„μ§œ μ΄μœ λŠ” μ΄κ±°μ—μš”.
02:41
dictionaries have really not changed.
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빅토리아 여왕이 λ‹€μŠ€λ¦¬λ˜ μ‹œλŒ€ 이래둜
02:43
Our idea of what a dictionary is has not changed since her reign.
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사전은 크게 λ³€ν•œ 점이 μ—†κ±°λ“ μš”.
02:45
The only thing that Queen Victoria would not be amused by in modern dictionaries
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μ—¬μ™•κ»˜μ„œ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 사전에 λŒ€ν•΄ 'ν‘μ‘±ν•˜μ‹œμ§€' μ•Šμ„λ§Œν•œ 사항은
02:51
is our inclusion of the F-word, which has happened
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1965λ…„ 이후 λ―Έκ΅­ 사전에
02:54
in American dictionaries since 1965.
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μš•μ„€μ΄ ν¬ν•¨λ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것 λΏμ΄μ—μš”.
02:56
So, there's this guy, right? Victorian era.
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이 μ‚¬λžŒ λ³΄μ„Έμš”. 빅토리아 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ μΈλ¬Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
James Murray, first editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.
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μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œ μ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μ „μ˜ 첫번째 νŽΈμ§‘μžμΈ
03:01
I do not have that hat. I wish I had that hat.
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μ œμž„μŠ€ 머레이 씨죠. μ €λŠ” μ €λŸ° λͺ¨μž μ—†λŠ”λ°.
03:04
So he's really responsible for a lot of
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저도 μ €λŸ° λͺ¨μž κ°–κ³  μ‹Άκ΅°μš”. μ € 뢄이 μ§€κΈˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬μ „μ˜
03:08
what we consider modern in dictionaries today.
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'ν˜„λŒ€μ μΈ' νŠΉμ§• λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ λ§Œλ“œμ…¨μ–΄μš”.
03:10
When a guy who looks like that, in that hat,
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μ € λͺ¨μžμ—, μ € 얼꡴이 ν˜„λŒ€μ μ΄λΌκ³ 
03:13
is the face of modernity, you have a problem.
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μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” λΆ„ κ³„μ„Έμš”? κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 뢄은 λ­”κ°€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
And so, James Murray could get a job on any dictionary today.
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„ 이 뢄은 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ‚¬μ „μ—…κ³„μ—μ„œλ„
03:22
There'd be virtually no learning curve.
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μΌν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμ„κ±°μ—μš”. 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 사전 μžμ²΄κ°€ λ³€ν•œ 점이 μ—†κ±°λ“ μš”.
03:25
And of course, a few of us are saying: okay, computers!
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λ¬Όλ‘  λͺ‡ 뢄이 μ§€μ ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ£ : 컴퓨터!
03:27
Computers! What about computers?
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컴퓨터! 컴퓨터가 μ–΄μ¨Œλ‹€λŠ”κ±°μ£ ?
03:29
The thing about computers is, I love computers.
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사싀 μ € 컴퓨터 정말 μ’‹μ•„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
I mean, I'm a huge geek, I love computers.
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ꡉμž₯ν•œ 컴퓨터 κ΄‘μ΄μ—μš”.
03:33
I would go on a hunger strike before I let them take away Google Book Search from me.
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'ꡬ글 μ±… μ°ΎκΈ°' μ„œλΉ„μŠ€ νμ§€ν•˜λŠ” λ‚ , 단식 투쟁 λ“€μ–΄κ°ˆ κ±°μ—μš”.
03:37
But computers don't do much else other than
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κ·Έλž˜λ„ μ»΄ν“¨ν„°λ‘œ μΈν•΄μ„œ λ³€ν•œ 것은 μ˜€λ‘œμ§€
03:39
speed up the process of compiling dictionaries.
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사전을 νŽΈμ°¬ν•˜λŠ” 속도가
03:43
They don't change the end result.
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λΉ¨λΌμ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” 것 λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ΅œμ’… 결과물이 바뀐 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:47
Because what a dictionary is,
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 사전은
03:50
is it's Victorian design merged with a little bit of modern propulsion.
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빅토리아 μ‹œλŒ€ λ””μžμΈμ— ν˜„λŒ€μ μΈ 좔진기관을
03:53
It's steampunk. What we have is an electric velocipede.
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μž₯μ°©ν•œ μˆ˜μ€€μ΄λΌκ³  말할 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”. κ°€μƒμ—­μ‚¬μ†Œμ„€ 같은 것이죠. 초창기 μžμ „κ±°μ— λͺ¨ν„°λ₯Ό μž₯μ°©ν•œ 것 μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
03:59
You know, we have Victorian design with an engine on it. That's all!
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빅토리아식 섀계에 엔진을 μž₯μ°©ν•œκ±°μ£ . 그게 μ „λΆ€μ˜ˆμš”!
04:02
The design has not changed.
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κ΅¬μ‘°λŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ—μš”.
04:05
And OK, what about online dictionaries, right?
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μ’‹μ•„μš”. κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 온라인 μ‚¬μ „μ€μš”?
04:07
Online dictionaries must be different.
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온라인 사전이라면 λ­”κ°€ λ‹€λ₯΄κ² μ£ ?
04:10
This is the Oxford English Dictionary Online, one of the best online dictionaries.
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이것이 온라인 μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œ μ˜μ–΄ μ‚¬μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 졜고의 μ˜μ–΄ 사전 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ£ .
04:12
This is my favorite word, by the way.
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참고둜 이건 μ œκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μš”.
04:13
Erinaceous: pertaining to the hedgehog family; of the nature of a hedgehog.
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Erinaceous: κ³ μŠ΄λ„μΉ˜κ³Όμ— μ†ν•˜λŠ”; κ³ μŠ΄λ„μΉ˜μ™€ 같은
04:18
Very useful word. So, look at that.
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맀우 μœ μš©ν•œ 단어죠. λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
04:24
Online dictionaries right now are paper thrown up on a screen.
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온라인 사전은 쒅이 사전을 슀크린 μœ„μ—
04:26
This is flat. Look how many links there are in the actual entry: two!
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κ·Έλƒ₯ 펼쳐 놓은 κ²ƒμ΄λ‚˜ 닀름 μ—†μ–΄μš”. μ°Έ μ‹œμ‹œν•˜μ£ ? ν‘œμ œμ–΄λ„ 2κ°œλ‚˜ 밖에 μ—†μ–΄μš”!
04:31
Right? Those little buttons,
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μ € μž‘μ€ λ²„νŠΌλ“€ --
04:33
I had them all expanded except for the date chart.
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λ‚ μ§œν‘œ λΉΌκ³  μ „λΆ€ ν΄λ¦­ν•΄λ³΄μ•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
04:36
So there's not very much going on here.
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κ·Έλž˜λ΄μ•Ό 별 것 μ—†μ–΄μš”.
04:38
There's not a lot of clickiness.
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클릭할 것이 μ—†μ£ .
04:40
And in fact, online dictionaries replicate
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사싀 온라인 사전은 쒅이 사전이 가진 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ λ“€μ„
04:43
almost all the problems of print, except for searchability.
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κ³ μŠ€λž€νžˆ 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. 검색이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 점만 λΉΌκ³ μš”.
04:46
And when you improve searchability,
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검색λ ₯을 κ°•ν™”ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것은
04:48
you actually take away the one advantage of print, which is serendipity.
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쒅이 μ‚¬μ „μ˜ μž₯점 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό λΉΌμ•—λŠ” μ…ˆμ΄μ£ . μ„Έλ Œλ””ν”Όλ””(Serendipity)μš”.
04:51
Serendipity is when you find things you weren't looking for,
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μ„Έλ Œλ””ν”Όλ””λŠ” 찾지 μ•Šλ˜ ν–‰μš΄μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•œλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μ΄μ—μš”.
04:54
because finding what you are looking for is so damned difficult.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ›λž˜ 찾던 것은 λ”λŸ½κ²Œ μ°ΎκΈ°κ°€ μ–΄λ ΅κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
04:57
So -- (Laughter) (Applause) -- now, when you think about this,
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(μ›ƒμŒ) μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
05:06
what we have here is a ham butt problem.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 'ν–„ 꽁지' 문제λ₯Ό μ•ˆκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³ μš”.
05:09
Does everyone know the ham butt problem?
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'ν–„ 꽁지' λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 무엇인지 μ•„μ„Έμš”?
05:11
Woman's making a ham for a big, family dinner.
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ν•œ μ—¬μžκ°€ 저녁 식사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ ν–„ μš”λ¦¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λ‹€κ°€
05:13
She goes to cut the butt off the ham and throw it away,
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ν–„ λ„νŠΈλ¨Έλ¦¬λ₯Ό 뚝 μž˜λΌμ„œ λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
and she looks at this piece of ham and she's like,
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그리고 버린 λ„νŠΈλ¨Έλ¦¬λ₯Ό 바라보며 μƒκ°ν•˜μ£ .
05:16
"This is a perfectly good piece of ham. Why am I throwing this away?"
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"ν–„ λ„νŠΈλ¨Έλ¦¬λ„ λ§›μžˆλŠ”λ°, λ‚΄κ°€ μ™œ 버리고 μžˆλŠ” 거지?"
05:18
She thought, "Well, my mom always did this."
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"λ§žμ•„, 우리 μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ 늘 μ΄λŸ¬μ…¨μ§€."
05:20
So she calls up mom, and she says,
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μ—„λ§ˆμ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”ν•΄μ„œ λ¬»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:21
"Mom, why'd you cut the butt off the ham, when you're making a ham?"
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"μ—„λ§ˆ, μ™œ ν–„ 꽁지λ₯Ό 잘라 λ²„λ¦¬μ…¨μ–΄μš”?"
05:23
She says, "I don't know, my mom always did it!"
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μ—„λ§ˆλŠ” "λͺ°λΌ. 우리 μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ 늘 κ·ΈλŸ¬μ…¨κ±°λ“ !"
05:26
So they call grandma, and grandma says,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜ μ „ν™”λ₯Ό λ“œλ Έμ£ . μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λŒ€λ‹΅ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
"My pan was too small!" (Laughter)
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"ν”„λΌμ΄νŒ¬μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μž‘μ•„μ„œ κ·Έλž¬μ–΄!" (μ›ƒμŒ)
05:32
So, it's not that we have good words and bad words.
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단어가 μ’‹κ±°λ‚˜ λ‚˜μœ 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ --
05:36
We have a pan that's too small!
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ν”„λΌμ΄νŒ¬μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μž‘μ•˜λ˜ κ±°μ—μš”!
05:39
You know, that ham butt is delicious! There's no reason to throw it away.
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ν–„ λ„νŠΈλ¨Έλ¦¬ 뢀뢄은 사싀 λ§›μžˆμž–μ•„μš”.
05:41
The bad words -- see, when people think about a place
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버릴 μ΄μœ κ°€ μ—†μ£ . λ‚˜μœ λ‹¨μ–΄λΌλŠ” 것도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€μ—μš”.
05:44
and they don't find a place on the map,
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지도에 μ—†λŠ” μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
05:46
they think, "This map sucks!"
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"지도가 ν›„μ‘Œμ–΄!"라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ£ .
05:48
When they find a nightspot or a bar, and it's not in the guidebook,
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κ°€μ΄λ“œλΆμ— μ—†λŠ” ν΄λŸ½μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:50
they're like, "Ooh, this place must be cool! It's not in the guidebook."
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"와, μ—¬κΈ° λλ‚΄μ£Όκ² λŠ”κ±Έ! 아직 κ°€μ΄λ“œλΆμ—λ„ μ—†μ–΄." 라고 ν•  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
05:53
When they find a word that's not in the dictionary, they think,
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μ‚¬μ „μ—μ„œ 찾을 수 μ—†λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ”
05:56
"This must be a bad word." Why? It's more likely to be a bad dictionary.
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λ‚˜μ˜λ‹€κ³  단정 μ§“λŠ” κ±°μ—μš”. μ™œμ£ ? 사전이 λ‚˜μ  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμž–μ•„μš”.
06:01
Why are you blaming the ham for being too big for the pan?
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햄보닀 μž‘μ€ 건 ν”„λΌμ΄νŒ¬μΈλ°, 햄이 크닀고 νƒ“ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜κ² μ–΄μš”?
06:06
So, you can't get a smaller ham.
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햄을 μž‘κ²Œ ν•  λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ .
06:09
The English language is as big as it is.
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μ˜μ–΄λ„ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 쀄일 수 μžˆλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
06:12
So, if you have a ham butt problem,
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ν–„ 꽁지 λ¬Έμ œμ—
06:14
and you're thinking about the ham butt problem,
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λΉ—λŒ€μ–΄ 생각해본닀면,
06:16
the conclusion that it leads you to is inexorable and counterintuitive:
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이 문제의 결둠이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 직관에 λ°˜ν•˜λŠ”, λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ λ‚΄μš©μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±Έ μ•„μ‹œκ²Œ 될 κ±°μ—μš”.
06:21
paper is the enemy of words.
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쒅이가 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ μ μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±°μ£ !
06:24
How can this be? I mean, I love books. I really love books.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 그럴 μˆ˜κ°€ μžˆλƒκ³ μš”? 사싀 μ €λŠ” 책을 μ•„μ£Ό μ‚¬λž‘ν•΄μš”.
06:28
Some of my best friends are books.
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μ €μ˜ μ ˆμΉœν•œ 친ꡬ λͺ©λ‘μ— 책도 포함될 정도죠.
06:30
But the book is not the best shape for the dictionary.
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λ‹€λ§Œ 책이 사전을 μœ„ν•œ κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” λœ»μ΄μ—μš”.
06:35
Now they're going to think "Oh, boy.
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그러면 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œκ² μ£ ?
06:37
People are going to take away my beautiful, paper dictionaries?"
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"μ–΄λ¨Έ, μ†Œμ€‘ν•œ 제 쒅이책 사전이 μ—†μ–΄μ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ—μš”?"
06:40
No. There will still be paper dictionaries.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ . 쒅이책 사전은 계속 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  κ±°μ—μš”.
06:42
When we had cars -- when cars became the dominant mode of transportation,
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μžλ™μ°¨κ°€ μ£Όμš” μš΄μ†‘ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•΄μ„œ,
06:46
we didn't round up all the horses and shoot them.
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말듀을 λͺ¨μ•„ 놓고 μ˜μ•„ 죽이진 μ•Šμž–μ•„μš”?
06:49
You know, there're still going to be paper dictionaries,
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ 쒅이책 사전을 μ—†μ•€λ‹€λŠ” λœ»μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
06:51
but it's not going to be the dominant dictionary.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 쒅이책이 더 이상 μ‚¬μ „μ˜ 지배적인 ν˜•νƒœμΌ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μš”.
06:54
The book-shaped dictionary is not going to be the only shape
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μ‚¬μ „μ˜ μœ μΌν•œ ν˜•νƒœμΌ μˆ˜λ„ μ—†κ³ μš”.
06:57
dictionaries come in. And it's not going to be
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λ”κ΅¬λ‚˜,
06:59
the prototype for the shapes dictionaries come in.
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쒅이책 ν˜•νƒœκ°€ 미래 μ‚¬μ „μ˜ μ›ν˜•μ΄ 될 μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ„κ±°μ—μš”.
07:03
So, think about it this way: if you've got an artificial constraint,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:07
artificial constraints lead to
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μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μΈμœ„μ μΈ 틀에 κ°‡νžˆκ²Œ 되면, κ·Έ μΈμœ„μ μΈ 틀이
07:11
arbitrary distinctions and a skewed worldview.
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νŒλ‹¨λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜ 세계관을 μ™œκ³‘μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것과 같은 λ¬Έμ œμ˜ˆμš”.
07:15
What if biologists could only study animals
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄
07:18
that made people go, "Aww." Right?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 'μš°μ™€'ν• λ§Œν•œ λ™λ¬Όλ§Œ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ² μ–΄μš”?
07:20
What if we made aesthetic judgments about animals,
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연ꡬ할 수 μžˆλŠ” 동물을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜λŠ” 기쀀을
07:22
and only the ones we thought were cute were the ones that we could study?
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미적인 κ°€μΉ˜μ—λ§Œ 두고, κ·€μ—¬μš΄ λ™λ¬Όλ“€λ§Œ μ—°κ΅¬ν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”?
07:27
We'd know a whole lot about charismatic megafauna,
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λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•œ λŒ€ν˜• 동물듀에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κΆκΈˆν•΄λ„
07:31
and not very much about much else.
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배울 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이 μ—†κ² μ£ .
07:33
And I think this is a problem.
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단어 λ¬Έμ œλ„ 이와 λ˜‘κ°™μ•„μš”.
07:35
I think we should study all the words,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  단어λ₯Ό
07:37
because when you think about words, you can make beautiful expressions
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ꡬ뢄 없이 연ꡬ해야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ•„μ£Ό 보잘 것 μ—†λŠ” 단어듀을 가지고도
07:42
from very humble parts.
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λΉΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ ν‘œν˜„μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:46
Lexicography is really more about material science.
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사전 νŽΈμ°¬μ€ λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 재료 κ³Όν•™, κ·Έ μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
We are studying the tolerances of the materials
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–Έμ–΄ μž¬λ£Œλ“€μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
07:53
that you use to build the structure of your expression:
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μ˜κ²¬μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 말과 κΈ€λ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ”μ§€,
07:56
your speeches and your writing. And then, often people say to me,
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μ–΄λ–€ ν‘œν˜„μ΄ 받아듀여지고 μ•ˆ λ°›μ•„λ“€μ—¬μ§€λŠ”μ§€κΉŒμ§€ μ—°κ΅¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ•Œλ•Œλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 묻곀 ν•˜μ£ .
08:03
"Well, OK, how do I know that this word is real?"
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"음. μ–΄λ–€ 단어가 μ§„μ§œμΈμ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법이 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?"
08:08
They think, "OK, if we think words are the tools
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사싀 μ†μœΌλ‘œλŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œμš”. "λ§Œμ•½ λ‹¨μ–΄λΌλŠ” 것이
08:15
that we use to build the expressions of our thoughts,
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생각을 ν‘œν˜„ν•˜λŠ” 도ꡬ라면,
08:17
how can you say that screwdrivers are better than hammers?
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마치 슀크λ₯˜λ“œλΌμ΄λ²„κ°€ λ§μΉ˜λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚«λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μ—†κ³ ,
08:20
How can you say that a sledgehammer is better than a ball-peen hammer?"
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원두해머가 μ‡ λ§μΉ˜λ³΄λ‹€ λ‚«λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ,
08:23
They're just the right tools for the job.
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단어도 κ·Έλƒ₯ 각자 λ³Έμ—°μ˜ μ“°μž„μ— μ ν•©ν•˜λ©΄ 그만인 κ±° μ•„λ‹ˆμ•Ό?"
08:26
And so people say to me, "How do I know if a word is real?"
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κ·ΈλŸ°λ°λ„ λ¬»λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. "단어가 μ§„μ§œμΈμ§€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 있죠?"λΌκ³ μš”.
08:29
You know, anybody who's read a children's book
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μ•„λ™μš© 책을 읽어보셨닀면 μ•„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
08:32
knows that love makes things real.
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μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λ©΄ μ§„μ§œκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:36
If you love a word, use it. That makes it real.
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μ–΄λ–€ 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬λž‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”. 그럼 κ·Έ 단어가 μ§„μ§œκ°€ λ˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:41
Being in the dictionary is an artificial distinction.
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사전은 단어λ₯Ό μΈμœ„μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜λŠ” 것 λΏμ΄μ—μš”.
08:44
It doesn't make a word any more real than any other way.
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사전에 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ§„μ§œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ”κ±°μ£ .
08:47
If you love a word, it becomes real.
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μ‚¬λž‘ν•˜λŠ” 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ, κ·Έ λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μ§„μ§œκ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
So if we're not worrying about directing traffic,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ 옳고 그름을 κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ ,
08:54
if we've transcended paper, if we are worrying less
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μ’…μ΄μ±…μ˜ ν•œκ³„μ— κ°‡νžˆμ§€λ„ μ•Šκ³ ,
08:59
about control and more about description,
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단어λ₯Ό μž„μ˜λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜κΈ° 보단 λ‹¨μ–΄μ˜ λœ»μ— 더 μ§‘μ€‘ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
09:03
then we can think of the English language
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μ˜μ–΄λΌλŠ” μ–Έμ–΄κ°€
09:05
as being this beautiful mobile.
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λ³Έμ—°μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ˜μ°Ύμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ° μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μš΄ λͺ¨λΉŒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
09:08
And any time one of those little parts of the mobile changes,
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λͺ¨λΉŒμ€ 만질 λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
09:10
is touched, any time you touch a word,
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μ‘°κΈˆμ”© λ³€ν•΄μš”. μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 단어λ₯Ό
09:13
you use it in a new context, you give it a new connotation,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬Έλ§₯μ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ·Έ 단어에
09:15
you verb it, you make the mobile move.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 의미λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 단어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것은
09:18
You didn't break it. It's just in a new position,
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λͺ¨λΉŒμ„ μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 것과 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 것이죠. λ§κ°€λœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
09:22
and that new position can be just as beautiful.
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ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό 쑰금 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ±°μ—μš”. μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœλ„ 처음 κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ μ•„λ¦„λ‹€μšΈ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:25
Now, if you're no longer a traffic cop --
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λ§Œμ•½ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ꡐ톡 경찰이 되면
09:29
the problem with being a traffic cop is
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
there can only be so many traffic cops in any one intersection,
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각 κ΅μ°¨λ‘œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 경찰이 μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ…이 μžˆλŠ” κΌ΄μ΄μ§€μš”.
09:34
or the cars get confused. Right?
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차듀은 μ•„λ§ˆ ν˜Όλž€μ— 빠질 κ±°μ—μš”. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
09:37
But if your goal is no longer to direct the traffic,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ§Œμ•½ ꡐ톡 상황을 ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, κ΅μ°¨λ‘œλ§ˆλ‹€ μ°¨κ°€
09:40
but maybe to count the cars that go by, then more eyeballs are better.
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λͺ‡ λŒ€κ°€ μ§€λ‚˜κ°€λŠ”μ§€ 수λ₯Ό μ„ΈλŠ” 것이 λͺ©ν‘œλΌλ©΄, μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ…이 ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 일이 μ‰¬μ›Œμ§€κ² μ£ .
09:44
You can ask for help!
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이 λ•ŒλŠ” μ„œλ‘œμ—κ²Œ 도움을 μ²­ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ±°μ£ !
09:46
If you ask for help, you get more done. And we really need help.
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도움을 λ°›μœΌλ©΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ 일을 ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ³ μš”.
09:50
Library of Congress: 17 million books,
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λ―Έμ˜νšŒλ„μ„œκ΄€μ—λŠ”
09:53
of which half are in English.
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1,700만ꢌ의 책이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ ˆλ°˜μ€ μ˜μ–΄μ—μš”.
09:56
If only one out of every 10 of those books
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사전에 μ—†λŠ” 단어가 10ꢌ 쀑에
10:00
had a word that's not in the dictionary in it,
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ν•œ 단어 μ”©λ§Œ λ‚˜μ˜¨λ‹€κ³  ν•˜λ”λΌλ„,
10:02
that would be equivalent to more than two unabridged dictionaries.
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μ™„λ³Έ 사전 2ꢌ의 λΆ„λŸ‰μ΄μ—μš”.
10:05
And I find an un-dictionaried word --
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그런데 사싀 사전에 μ—†λŠ”(un-dictionaried) λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” --
10:08
a word like "un-dictionaried," for example --
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사싀 "un-dictionaried"λΌλŠ” 단어도 사전에 μ—†λŠ” λ§μ΄μ—μš”. --
10:10
in almost every book I read. What about newspapers?
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거의 λͺ¨λ“  책에 ν•˜λ‚˜ 이상 λ‚˜μ™€μš”.
10:15
Newspaper archive goes back to 1759,
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신문도 빠뜨리면 μ•ˆ 되죠. μ‹ λ¬Έ λ³΄κ΄€μ†Œμ— μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 였래된 신문은 1759λ…„ 본인데,
10:20
58.1 million newspaper pages. If only one in 100
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ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ 전체 λΆ„λŸ‰μ΄ 5,810만 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:25
of those pages had an un-dictionaried word on it,
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사전에 μ—†λŠ” 단어가 λ°± νŽ˜μ΄μ§€ λ‹Ή ν•˜λ‚˜μ”©λ§Œ μžˆλ‹€κ³  해도
10:28
it would be an entire other OED.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œ μ˜μ–΄μ‚¬μ „μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” λΆ„λŸ‰μ΄μ—μš”.
10:31
That's 500,000 more words. So that's a lot.
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50μ‹­λ§Œ 개 μ΄μƒμ˜ 단어듀이죠. 정말 λ§Žμ€ λΆ„λŸ‰μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:36
And I'm not even talking about magazines. I'm not talking about blogs --
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μž‘μ§€μ™€ λΈ”λ‘œκ·Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ–ΈκΈ‰μ‘°μ°¨ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λŠ”λ°μš” --
10:39
and I find more new words on BoingBoing in a given week
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일주일에 λ³΄μž‰λ³΄μž‰ μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈμ—μ„œ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ‹¨μ–΄λ§Œ 해도
10:41
than I do Newsweek or Time.
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λ‰΄μŠ€μœ„ν¬λ‚˜ νƒ€μž„μ§€μ—μ„œ μ°ΎλŠ” 것보닀 λ§Žμ•„μš”.
10:43
There's a lot going on there.
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κ±°κΈ°μ—” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 일듀이 더 많이 μ‹€λ¦¬λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:45
And I'm not even talking about polysemy,
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λ‹€μ˜μ–΄(Polysemy)λŠ” 또 μ–΄λ–»κ³ μš”.
10:47
which is the greedy habit some words have of taking
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"λ‹€μ˜μ–΄"λž€ ν•œ 단어가 μ—¬λŸ¬ λœ»μ„ κ°–λŠ”
10:50
more than one meaning for themselves.
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μš•μ‹¬κΎΈλŸ¬κΈ° 같은 μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
10:55
So if you think of the word "set," a set can be a badger's burrow,
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"set"μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λ§Œ λ³ΌκΉŒμš”? set은 μ˜€μ†Œλ¦¬μ˜ μ€μ‹ μ²˜λΌλŠ” λœ»λ„ 가지고 있고
10:59
a set can be one of the pleats in an Elizabethan ruff,
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μ—˜λ¦¬μžλ² μŠ€ μ‹œλŒ€ μŠ€νƒ€μΌμ˜ 주름 κΉƒμ˜ 주름 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό κ°€λ¦¬ν‚€λŠ” 말이기도 ν•΄μš”.
11:02
and there's one numbered definition in the OED.
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μ˜₯μŠ€ν¬λ“œ 사전 μƒμ˜ μ •μ˜λ§Œ 봐도
11:04
The OED has 33 different numbered definitions for set.
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set은 33κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ •μ˜ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
11:07
Tiny, little word, 33 numbered definitions.
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이 μž‘μ€ 단어 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— λ‹΄κΈ΄ 뜻이 33κ°€μ§€λΌλ‹ˆ.
11:10
One of them is just labeled "miscellaneous technical senses."
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ—λŠ” "κ·Έ 밖에 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 기술적인 의미"λΌλŠ” ν•­λͺ©λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
Do you know what that says to me?
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그게 무슨 λœ»μ΄λƒκ³ μš”?
11:16
That says to me, it was Friday afternoon and somebody wanted to go down the pub. (Laughter)
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이 말은 κΈˆμš”μΌ μ˜€ν›„μ— ν•œ λΆˆμŒν•œ 사전 νŽΈμ°¬μžκ°€ 술 생각이 κ°„μ ˆν–ˆλ‹€λΌλŠ” λœ»μ΄μ—μš”.
11:21
That's a lexicographical cop out,
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"κ·Έ 밖에 μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ 기술적인 의미"λΌλŠ” 말을 보고
11:23
to say, "miscellaneous technical senses."
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ꡐ톡 κ²½μ°° 역할은 정말 ν•˜κΈ° μ‹«μ–΄μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
11:25
So, we have all these words, and we really need help!
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ 단어듀 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ€ 정말 도움이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”!
11:29
And the thing is, we could ask for help --
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 도움을 μ²­ν•  수 μžˆμž–μ•„μš”.
11:32
asking for help's not that hard.
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λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” 게 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 일도 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
11:33
I mean, lexicography is not rocket science.
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사전 νŽΈμ°¬μ€ λ‘œμΌ“ κ³Όν•™μ²˜λŸΌ λ³΅μž‘ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ€ κ±Έμš”.
11:36
See, I just gave you a lot of words and a lot of numbers,
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ§Žμ€ 단어듀과 μˆ˜μΉ˜λ“€μ„ λ‚˜μ—΄ν–ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
11:39
and this is more of a visual explanation.
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μ—¬κΈ° 화면을 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
11:41
If we think of the dictionary as being the map of the English language,
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사전을 μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ 지도라 가정해보면
11:44
these bright spots are what we know about,
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μ—¬κΈ° 밝은 점듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이미 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것듀이고,
11:46
and the dark spots are where we are in the dark.
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μ–΄λ‘‘κ²Œ 남아 μžˆλŠ” 뢀뢄듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 아직 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€μ΄μ—μš”.
11:49
If that was the map of all the words in American English, we don't know very much.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ˜μ–΄μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  단어λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 지도에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 아직 μ•„λŠ” 게 λ³„λ‘œ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
11:54
And we don't even know the shape of the language.
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사싀 κ·Έ ν˜•νƒœμ‘°μ°¨ μ§μž‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  있죠.
11:57
If this was the dictionary -- if this was the map of American English --
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이 그림을 사전이라고, λ―Έκ΅­ μ˜μ–΄μ˜ 지도라고 생각해보면,
12:00
look, we have a kind of lumpy idea of Florida,
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ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” λŒ€κ°• μ•Œκ³  있고,
12:03
but there's no California!
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„λŠ” μ•„μ˜ˆ μ—†μ£ !
12:06
We're missing California from American English.
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λ―Έκ΅­ μ˜μ–΄μ˜ 지도인데, μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„κ°€ λΉ μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
We just don't know enough, and we don't even know that we're missing California.
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„λ₯Ό 빠뜨린 사싀을 μΈμ‹ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•  만큼 지식이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
12:14
We don't even see that there's a gap on the map.
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지도에 λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것도 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
12:16
So again, lexicography is not rocket science.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 말씀 λ“œλ¦¬μ§€λ§Œ, 사전 νŽΈμ°¬μ€ λ‘œμΌ“ 과학이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”.
12:19
But even if it were, rocket science is being done
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λ§Œμ•½ λ‘œμΌ“ 과학이라고 ν•˜λ”λΌλ„,
12:22
by dedicated amateurs these days. You know?
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μš”μ¦˜μ€ λ‘œμΌ“ 과학도 열성적인 μ•„λ§ˆμΆ”μ–΄λ“€μ˜ 도움을 λ°›λŠ” μ„Έμƒμ΄μž–μ•„μš”.
12:26
It can't be that hard to find some words!
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단어 μ°ΎλŠ” 게 뭐 그리 μ–΄λ €μš΄κ°€μš”!
12:30
So, enough scientists in other disciplines
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€λ„
12:33
are really asking people to help, and they're doing a good job of it.
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μΌλ°˜μΈλ“€μ˜ 도움을 λ°›μ•„μ„œ μ–΄λ €μš΄ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³€ ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
12:36
For instance, there's eBird, where amateur birdwatchers
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄μ„œ 취미둜 λ“€μƒˆλ₯Ό κ΄€μ°°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
12:38
can upload information about their bird sightings.
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μžμ‹ μ΄ λͺ¨μ€ 정보λ₯Ό 올릴 수 μžˆλŠ” eBridλΌλŠ” μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:40
And then, ornithologists can go
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그러면 이 κ³³μ—μ„œ μ‘°λ₯˜ν•™μžλ“€μ΄
12:42
and help track populations, migrations, etc.
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κ°œμ²΄κ΅°μ΄λ‚˜, μ² μƒˆ 이동 λ“±μ˜ 정보λ₯Ό μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:45
And there's this guy, Mike Oates. Mike Oates lives in the U.K.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 예둜, 영ꡭ인 마이크 였츠 씨도 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
12:48
He's a director of an electroplating company.
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이 뢄은 ν•œ μ „κΈ°λ„κΈˆ μ—…μ²΄μ˜ 쀑역이신데
12:52
He's found more than 140 comets.
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140κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” ν˜œμ„±μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
12:55
He's found so many comets, they named a comet after him.
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ν˜œμ„±λ“€μ˜ 이름도 본인의 이름을 따라 μ§€μ—ˆμ£ .
12:58
It's kind of out past Mars. It's a hike.
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λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” 것은 화성보닀 λ¨Ό κ³³μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
I don't think he's getting his picture taken there anytime soon.
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사싀 였츠 씨가 직접 κ°€μ„œ 사진 μ°μ—ˆμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성은 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ,
13:01
But he found 140 comets without a telescope.
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μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  κ·ΈλŠ” 망원경 ν•˜λ‚˜ 없이 140개의 ν˜œμ„±μ„ μ°Ύμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
13:05
He downloaded data from the NASA SOHO satellite,
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NASA의 SOHO μΈκ³΅μœ„μ„± 자료λ₯Ό
13:08
and that's how he found them.
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λ‹€μš΄λ‘œλ“œν•΄μ„œ 찾은 κ±°μ—μš”.
13:10
If we can find comets without a telescope,
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망원경도 없이 ν˜œμ„±μ„ μ°ΎλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ„ μžˆλŠ”λ°,
13:14
shouldn't we be able to find words?
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단어λ₯Ό λͺ» μ°Ύκ² μ–΄μš”?
13:16
Now, y'all know where I'm going with this.
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이제 μ œκ°€ 무슨 말씀을 λ“œλ¦΄μ§€ μ•„μ‹œκ² μ£ .
13:18
Because I'm going to the Internet, which is where everybody goes.
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λͺ¨λ‘λ“€ 그렇듯이, 저도 인터넷을 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
And the Internet is great for collecting words,
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인터넷은 단어 λͺ¨μœΌκΈ°μ— ꡉμž₯히 μ’‹μ•„μš”.
13:23
because the Internet's full of collectors.
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μ˜¨κ°– 단어가 λ‹€ 있죠.
13:24
And this is a little-known technological fact about the Internet,
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인터넷에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 기술적 비밀이 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
13:27
but the Internet is actually made up of words and enthusiasm.
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그것은 인터넷을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” μž¬λ£Œκ°€ '단어'와 'μ—΄μ •'μ΄λΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:30
And words and enthusiasm actually happen to be
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그런데 생각해 λ³΄λ‹ˆ 사전 편찬의 μž¬λ£Œλ„
13:35
the recipe for lexicography. Isn't that great?
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'단어'와 'μ—΄μ •'μ΄λ„€μš”. 멋지죠?
13:38
So there are a lot of really good word-collecting sites out there right now,
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ 단어λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 쒋은 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ“€μ΄ μ•„μ£Ό λ§Žμ•„μš”.
13:42
but the problem with some of them is that they're not scientific enough.
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κ·Έ μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ“€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ’€ λΉ„κ³Όν•™μ μ΄λž€κ±°μ£ .
13:44
They show the word, but they don't show any context.
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λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ”λ°, 단어가 μ‚¬μš©λœ λ¬Έλ§₯은 λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ§ˆ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
13:47
Where did it come from? Who said it?
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μ–΄λ””μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ 말인지, λˆ„κ°€ λ§ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€,
13:49
What newspaper was it in? What book?
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹ λ¬Έμ΄λ‚˜ μ±…μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ 것인지 등을 μ•Œ μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
13:51
Because a word is like an archaeological artifact.
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λ‹¨μ–΄λŠ” μΌμ’…μ˜ 고고학적 유물이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
13:55
If you don't know the provenance or the source of the artifact,
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μœ λž˜λ‚˜ 기원에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λ©΄
13:58
it's not science, it's a pretty thing to look at.
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과학이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—μš”. 보기 쒋은 μž₯μ‹ν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 닀름 μ—†μ£ .
14:01
So a word without its source is like a cut flower.
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화병에 꽂아 λ‘” 꽃 같은 κ±°μ—μš”.
14:04
You know, it's pretty to look at for a while, but then it dies.
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μž κΉλ™μ•ˆμ€ 보기 μ’‹μ§€λ§Œ, 곧 μ£½μž–μ•„μš”.
14:08
It dies too fast.
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죽어도 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 빨리 μ£½μ£ .
14:09
So, this whole time I've been saying,
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였늘 κ°•μ—° λ‚΄λ‚΄ μ €λŠ”
14:13
"The dictionary, the dictionary, the dictionary, the dictionary."
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"사전(the dictionary)"에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:15
Not "a dictionary," or "dictionaries." And that's because,
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"μ–΄λ–€ 사전(a dictionary)"μ΄λ‚˜, "사전듀(dictionaries)"이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ£ .
14:18
well, people use the dictionary to stand for the whole language.
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"사전(the dictionary)"은 μ–Έμ–΄ 전체λ₯Ό λŒ€ν‘œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:21
They use it synecdochically.
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λŒ€μœ λ²•μ (synecdochically)으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ£ .
14:24
And one of the problems of knowing a word like "synecdochically"
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"λŒ€μœ λ²•"같은 말을 μ•Œ λ•Œ λ¬Έμ œμ μ€
14:27
is that you really want an excuse to say "synecdochically."
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이런 말을 써볼 기회λ₯Ό 자꾸 찾게 λœλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ—μš”.
14:30
This whole talk has just been an excuse to get me to the point
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사싀 이번 강연도 "λŒ€μœ λ²•"μ΄λΌλŠ” 단어 ν•˜λ‚˜λ₯Ό
14:32
where I could say "synecdochically" to all of you.
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써먹기 μœ„ν•œ 핑계라고도 ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
14:34
So I'm really sorry. But when you use a part of something --
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μ£„μ†‘ν•΄μš”. μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  λŒ€μœ λ²•μ΄λž€,
14:37
like the dictionary is a part of the language,
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사전이 μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ 일뢀이듯,
14:39
or a flag stands for the United States, it's a symbol of the country --
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μ„±μ‘°κΈ°κ°€ 미ꡭ을 λŒ€ν‘œν•˜λ“―, 일뢀뢄이 전체λ₯Ό μƒμ§•ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•˜λŠ”
14:44
then you're using it synecdochically.
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ν‘œν˜„λ²•μ„ λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:48
But the thing is, we could make the dictionary the whole language.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄μ œλŠ” 사전이 μ–Έμ–΄ 전체λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
14:52
If we get a bigger pan, then we can put all the words in.
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ν”„λΌμ΄νŒ¬μ˜ 크기λ₯Ό ν‚€μš°λ©΄, λͺ¨λ“  단어λ₯Ό 넣을 수 있죠.
14:56
We can put in all the meanings.
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λͺ¨λ“  μ˜λ―Έλ„ 넣을 수 μžˆκ³ μš”.
15:00
Doesn't everyone want more meaning in their lives?
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μ˜λ―Έκ°€ λ„˜μΉ˜λŠ” 인생이 싫은 뢄도 μžˆλ‚˜μš”?
15:04
And we can make the dictionary not just be a symbol of the language --
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사전이 μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό μƒμ§•ν•˜λŠ”λ° κ·ΈμΉ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ ,
15:08
we can make it be the whole language.
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μ–Έμ–΄ κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ λ˜λ„λ‘ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:11
You see, what I'm really hoping for is that my son,
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μ €λŠ” 이번 달에 7살이 λ˜λŠ” 제 아듀이 μžλžμ„ μ¦ˆμŒμ—λŠ”
15:13
who turns seven this month -- I want him to barely remember
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ν˜„μž¬ 사전을 κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κΈ°λ³Έ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄
15:16
that this is the form factor that dictionaries used to come in.
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μžŠν˜€μ‘ŒμœΌλ©΄ ν•˜λŠ” λ°”λž¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:21
This is what dictionaries used to look like.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 생긴 기쑴의 사전듀이
15:23
I want him to think of this kind of dictionary as an eight-track tape.
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제 μ•„λ“€μ˜ κΈ°μ–΅ 속에 μΉ΄μ„ΈνŠΈ ν…Œμ΄ν”„μ²˜λŸΌ λ‚¨μ•˜μœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μ–΄μš”.
15:25
It's a format that died because it wasn't useful enough.
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μΉ΄μ„ΈνŠΈ ν…Œμ΄ν”„λŠ” μœ μš©ν•œ ν˜•νƒœκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ„νƒœλ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
15:29
It wasn't really what people needed.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜λ˜ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
15:32
And the thing is, if we can put in all the words,
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λ§Œμ•½ λͺ¨λ“  단어λ₯Ό 담을 수 μžˆλŠ” 사전이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚œλ‹€λ©΄,
15:35
no longer have that artificial distinction between good and bad,
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더 이상 단어듀이 쒋은지 λ‚˜μœμ§€ μΈμœ„μ μœΌλ‘œ ꡬ뢄할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:39
we can really describe the language like scientists.
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사전 νŽΈμ°¬μžλ“€λ„ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ μžˆλŠ” κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό 연ꡬ할 수 있게 되겠죠.
15:42
We can leave the aesthetic judgments to the writers and the speakers.
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심미적인 νŒλ‹¨μ€ μž‘κ°€λ‚˜ μ—°μ„€κ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œ 맑겨버리고
15:44
If we can do that, then I can spend all my time fishing,
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μ €λŠ” ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 λ‚šμ‹œλ₯Ό 즐길 수 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ—μš”.
15:48
and I don't have to be a traffic cop anymore.
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더 이상 ꡐ톡 경찰을 ν•  ν•„μš”λ„ μ—†κ³ μš”.
15:53
Thank you very much for your kind attention.
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κ²½μ²­ν•΄ μ£Όμ…”μ„œ λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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