E.O. Wilson: Advice to young scientists

270,048 views ใƒป 2012-06-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Thu-Huong Ha Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Amy Ko
00:16
What I'm going to do is to just give a few notes,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ œ์–ธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:19
and this is from a book I'm preparing called
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฑ…์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๋ง๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ œ๋ชฉ์€
00:23
"Letters to a Young Scientist."
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"์ Š์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ํŽธ์ง€" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:25
I'd thought it'd be appropriate to
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ•ด์™”๋˜
00:27
present it, on the basis that I have had extensive experience
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์ €์˜ ํญ๋„“์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋น„์ถ”์–ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
00:33
in teaching, counseling scientists across a broad array of fields.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ ๋‹นํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
And you might like to hear some of the principles that I've developed in doing
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
00:42
that teaching and counseling.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ธ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์‹ค์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
So let me begin by urging you,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ˜ธ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
particularly you on the youngsters' side,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ Š์€ ์ถ•์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜,
00:49
on this path you've chosen,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด ์—ฌ์ •์—์„œ
00:51
to go as far as you can.
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์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
00:53
The world needs you, badly.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์• ํƒ€๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
Humanity is now fully into the techno-scientific age.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ณผํ•™-๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
There is going to be no turning back.
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๋˜๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
Although varying among disciplines -- say, astrophysics,
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๋ถ„์•ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ -- ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด, ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™,
01:08
molecular genetics, the immunology, the microbiology, the public
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๋ถ„์ž์œ ์ „ํ•™, ๋ฉด์—ญํ•™, ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™,
01:12
health, to the new area of the human body as a symbiont,
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒํ•™, ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ฌ๋น„์–ธํŠธ(๊ณต์ƒ์ž)๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ธ์ฒด ๋ถ„์•ผ,
01:18
to public health, environmental science.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต์˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Knowledge in medical science and science overall
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์˜๊ณผํ•™๋“ฑ, ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด์—์„œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ์–‘์€
01:24
is doubling every 15 to 20 years.
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15๋…„์—์„œ 20๋…„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‘๋ฐฐ์”ฉ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
Technology is increasing at a comparable rate.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:30
Between them, the two already pervade,
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ,
01:33
as most of you here seated realize,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•‰์•„ ๊ณ„์‹  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:36
every dimension of human life.
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๋‘ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ถ ๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„์— ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
So swift is the velocity of the techno-scientific revolution,
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๊ณผํ•™-๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์†๋„๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๋นจ๋ผ์„œ,
01:43
so startling in its countless twists and turns, that no one can predict
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๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ˜•๋˜์–ด
01:48
its outcome even a decade from the present moment.
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์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฒจ์šฐ 10๋…„ ํ›„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
There will come a time, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์ด ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜
01:54
when the exponential growth of discovery and knowledge,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋ฏธ 1600๋…„๋Œ€์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ ..
01:58
which actually began in the 1600s,
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์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ›„ ์ •์ฒด๋˜๋Š”
02:00
has to peak and level off,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
but that's not going to matter to you.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
The revolution is going to continue
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๊ณผํ•™ ํ˜๋ช…์€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด
02:05
for at least several more decades.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„์€ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
It'll render the human condition
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
02:10
radically different from what it is today.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Traditional fields of study are going to continue to grow
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์„ฑ์žฅํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:19
and in so doing, inevitably they will meet and create new disciplines.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์ด ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
In time, all of science will come to be
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์€
02:27
a continuum of description, an explanation of networks, of principles and laws.
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ํ‘œํ˜„์˜, ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด์ฃ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ฒ•์น™์˜ ์—ฐ์†์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
That's why you need not just be training
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋ฌธ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:36
in one specialty, but also acquire breadth in other fields,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๋„ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“ค์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€
02:41
related to and even distant from your own initial choice.
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์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋•Œ๋ก  ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Keep your eyes lifted and your head turning.
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๋ˆˆ์„ ์น˜์ผœ๋œจ๊ณ  ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:48
The search for knowledge is in our genes.
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์ง€์‹์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ์—ด๋ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž์†์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
It was put there by our distant ancestors
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ„
02:55
who spread across the world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋จผ ์กฐ์ƒ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ผ›์† ๊นŠ์ด ์‹ฌ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ 
02:56
and it's never going to be quenched.
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
To understand and use it sanely,
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์•„์ง ๋” ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ผ์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ
03:01
as a part of the civilization yet to evolve
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์ง€์‹์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ณ„์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
03:05
requires a vastly larger population of scientifically trained people like you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
In education, medicine, law, diplomacy,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก, ์˜๋ฃŒ, ๋ฒ•ํ•™, ์™ธ๊ต
03:15
government, business and the media that exist today.
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ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€, ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ณผ ์–ธ๋ก  ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
Our political leaders need at least a modest degree of scientific
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ง€๋„์ž๋Š” ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:24
literacy, which most badly lack today --
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์ด ์ ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ฉด์ด์ง€์š” --
03:27
no applause, please.
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์•„์ง ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์น˜์‹ค ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
It will be better for all
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์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
03:31
if they prepare before entering office rather than learning on the job.
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๊ทธ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋“์ด ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
Therefore you will do well to act on the side,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
03:39
no matter how far into the laboratory
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์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
03:42
you may go, to serve as teachers
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—
03:45
during the span of your career.
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์„ ์ƒ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์•ผํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
I'll now proceed quickly,
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์ข€ ๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”...
03:49
and before else, to a subject that is both a vital asset
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์— ์•ž์„œ, ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง์—… ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:53
and a potential barrier to a scientific career.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:56
If you are a bit short in mathematical skills,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์žฌ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ชจ์ž๋ผ๋„
04:00
don't worry.
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๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Many of the most successful scientists
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:03
at work today are mathematically semi-literate.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜ ๋ฌธ๋งน์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
A metaphor will serve here:
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์€์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:10
Where elite mathematicians and statisticians
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๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž์™€ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
04:16
and theorists often serve as architects in the expanding realm
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๋•Œ
04:21
of science, the remaining large majority of
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์‘์šฉ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š”
04:25
basic applied scientists, including a large portion of those who could be
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์ผ๋ฅ˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
04:30
said to be of the first rank, are the ones who map the terrain, they scout
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์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„๊ตฌ์„์„ ํƒ์‚ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
the frontiers, they cut the pathways,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ”„๋ก ํ‹ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์…”์˜ค๊ณ  ๊ธธ์„ ๋‹ฆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
they raise the buildings along the way.
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๊ทธ ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:40
Some may have considered me foolhardy,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
04:44
but it's been my habit to brush aside the fear of mathematics
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€
04:47
when talking to candidate scientists.
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๋”ฐ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ ์Šต๊ด€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
During 41 years of teaching biology at Harvard,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ 41๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:53
I watched sadly as bright students turned away
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์˜๋ฆฌํ•œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
04:57
from the possibility of a scientific career
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๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„๋กœ ์ง„์ถœ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
05:00
or even from taking non-required courses in science
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•„์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
05:04
because they were afraid of failure.
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์Šฌํ”ˆ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
These math-phobes deprive science and medicine
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์™€ ์˜ํ•™๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
05:09
of immeasurable amounts of badly needed talent.
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๊ผญ ํ•„์š”๋กœ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
Here's how to relax your anxieties, if you have them:
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๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์–ด์š”:
05:16
Understand that mathematics is a language
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์–ธ์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
ruled like other verbal languages,
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๋ง๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ธ์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฒ•์น™์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด์š”,
05:23
or like verbal language generally, by its own grammar
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”,
05:26
and system of logic.
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๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
Any person with average quantitative intelligence
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์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋„๋ก ๋ฐฐ์šด
05:30
who learns to read and write mathematics
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ํ‰๊ท ์ •๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:34
at an elementary level will, as in verbal language, have little difficulty
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
05:40
picking up most of the fundamentals
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
if they choose to master the mathspeak of most disciplines of science.
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ •๋„๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
The longer you wait to become at least semi-literate
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋งŒ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
05:52
the harder the language of mathematics will be to master, just as again in any verbal
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด๋ž€ ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
language, but it can be done at any age.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š ์–ธ์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”. ์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๋‚˜์ด์™€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
I speak as an authority
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
on that subject, because I'm an extreme case.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:06
I didn't take algebra until my freshman year
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์ €๋Š” ์•Œ๋ผ๋ฐ”๋งˆ์ฃผ๋ฆฝ๋Œ€ํ•™ 1ํ•™๋…„๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
06:10
at the University of Alabama.
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๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
They didn't teach it before then.
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:14
I finally got around to calculus as a 32-year-old tenured professor at Harvard,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ข…์‹ ์ง์„ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›์€ 32์‚ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ€๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
where I sat uncomfortably in classes with undergraduate students,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ถˆํŽธํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ ๋‚˜์ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ 1ํ•™๋…„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
06:24
little more than half my age.
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๊ต์‹ค์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:26
A couple of them were students
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„ํ™” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์˜
06:28
in a course I was giving on evolutionary biology.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:31
I swallowed my pride, and I learned calculus.
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ์„ ์ ‘๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
I found out that in science and all its applications,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‘์šฉ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
06:39
what is crucial is not that technical ability,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:43
but it is imagination in all of its applications.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์‘์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
The ability to form concepts with images of entities and processes
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์ €๋Ÿฐ ๋ณธ์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ˜•์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:51
pictured by intuition.
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์ง๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
I found out that advances in science rarely come upstream
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€
06:58
from an ability to stand at a blackboard
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์น ํŒ์•ž์—์„œ์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ช…์ œ๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ์‹์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”
07:01
and conjure images from unfolding mathematical propositions
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ˆ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
07:04
and equations.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
They are instead the products of downstream imagination leading to hard work,
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋ ˆ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”
07:11
during which mathematical reasoning may or may not prove to be relevant.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„, ์•ˆ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
Ideas emerge when a part of the real or imagined world is studied
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋“  ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ด๋“ 
07:21
for its own sake.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋  ๋•Œ ์˜€์–ด์š”.
07:23
Of foremost importance is a thorough, well-organized knowledge
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ์—
07:28
of all that is known of the relevant entities and processes that might be involved in that domain
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์•Œ๋งž๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„,
07:35
you propose to enter.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž˜ ์ •๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ง€์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
When something new is discovered,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:38
it's logical then that one of the follow-up steps is
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:43
to find the mathematical and statistical methods to move its analysis forward.
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์— ์ง„์ „์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”.
07:48
If that step proves too difficult for
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๋งŒ์ผ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋‚˜ ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ
07:50
the person or team that made the discovery,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
07:54
a mathematician can then be added by them
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜
08:00
as a collaborator.
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์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:02
Consider the following principle,
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค,
08:04
which I will modestly call Wilson's Principle Number One:
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐํฌ '์œŒ์Šจ์˜ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›์น™'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”:
08:09
It is far easier for scientists
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์˜๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ,
08:14
including medical researchers, to require needed collaboration
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์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—, ๊ณต๋™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:18
in mathematics and statistics
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€
08:20
than it is for mathematicians and statisticians
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์ง์ ‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:24
to find scientists able to make use of their equations.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
It is important in choosing the direction to take in science
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๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ ์ค€์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ,
08:32
to find the subject at your level of competence that interests you deeply,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊นŠ์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
08:38
and focus on that.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
Keep in mind, then, Wilson's Second Principle:
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๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”. '์œŒ์Šจ์˜ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›์น™'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
08:44
For every scientist, whether researcher, technician,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋‚˜, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž,
08:49
teacher, manager or businessman,
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๊ต์‚ฌ, ๊ฐ๋…๊ด€์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
08:52
working at any level of mathematical competence,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:56
there exists a discipline in science or medicine
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๊ณผํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„์—, ์›”๋“ฑํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์žˆ๋Š”
08:59
for which that level is enough to achieve excellence.
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๊ณผ์ •์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
Now I'm going to offer quickly
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋กœ
09:06
several more principles that will be useful
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ
09:08
in organizing your education and career,
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์น™์„ ๋” ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
or if you're teaching, how you might
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:15
enhance your own teaching and counseling of young scientists.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ•์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ Š์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
In selecting a subject in which to conduct original research,
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋“ 
09:24
or to develop world-class expertise,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
09:27
take a part of the chosen discipline that is sparsely inhabited.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ ํƒ๋œ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
09:33
Judge opportunity by how few other students and researchers
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ
09:37
are on hand.
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๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
09:39
This is not to de-emphasize the essential requirement
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํญ๋„“์€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํ•„์ˆ˜์š”์†Œ๋‚˜
09:42
of broad training, or the value of apprenticing yourself
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„
09:46
in ongoing research to programs of high quality.
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๊น์•„๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
It is important also to acquire older mentors within these successful
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๋˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
09:55
programs, and to make friends and colleagues of your age
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๋ถ„์•ผ๋‚ด์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:59
for mutual support.
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๋น„์ˆซํ•œ ๋‚˜์ด์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:01
But through it all, look for a way to break out,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
to find a field and subject not yet popular.
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์•„์ง ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:07
We have seen this demonstrated already in the talks preceding mine.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์•ž์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ•์˜์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
There is the quickest way advances are likely to occur,
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๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
as measured in discoveries per investigator per year.
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ํ•œํ•ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋‹น ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
10:20
You may have heard the
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ
10:22
military dictum for the gathering of armies:
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๊ตฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๋Š” ๋•Œ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์†๋‹ด์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
March to the sound of the guns.
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"์ด์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ตฐํ•ด๋ผ."
10:28
In science, the exact opposite is the case: March away from the sound of the guns.
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๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์ด์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ตฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
10:35
So Wilson's Principle Number Three:
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์ž '์œŒ์Šจ์˜ ์›์น™ 3๋ฒˆ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
10:37
March away from the sound of the guns.
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"์ด์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ตฐํ•˜๋ผ."
10:41
Observe from a distance,
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋˜
10:42
but do not join the fray.
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์†Œ๋ชจ์ „์— ๋ผ์–ด๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
10:45
Make a fray of your own.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ „์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
10:47
Once you have settled on a specialty,
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์ผ๋‹จ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
10:51
and the profession you can love, and you've secured opportunity,
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์žก์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
your potential to succeed will be greatly enhanced if you study it
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋งŒํผ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด
11:02
enough to become an expert.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋†’์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
There are thousands of professionally delimited
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์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”ํ•™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
11:08
subjects sprinkled through physics and chemistry
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ด๋‚˜ ์˜ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด๊ฐ„
11:10
to biology and medicine.
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ „๋ฌธ ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
And on then into the social sciences,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
11:15
where it is possible in short time to acquire
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์Œ“๋Š”๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€
11:18
the status of an authority.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
11:21
When the subject is still very thinly populated,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ผ๋ฉด
11:24
you can with diligence and hard work become
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์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
11:27
the world authority.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ์œ„์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
The world needs this kind of expertise,
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
and it rewards the kind of people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:35
willing to acquire it.
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๋ณด์ƒ์„ ํ• ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
The existing information and what you self-discover
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์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:42
may at first seem skimpy and difficult to connect
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ
11:46
to other bodies of knowledge.
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์—ฐ๊ด€์ง“๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
Well, if that's the case,
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์Œ.. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”,
11:50
good. Why hard instead of easy?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ์™œ ์‰ฝ์ง€์•Š๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
11:54
The answer deserves to be stated as Principle Number Four.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์€ '๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ์›์น™'์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆด๋งŒํ•˜์ฃ ,
11:59
In the attempt to make scientific discoveries,
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๊ณผํ•™์  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์—์„œ
12:02
every problem is an opportunity,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
and the more difficult the problem,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ์ˆ˜๋ก
12:06
the greater will be the importance of its solution.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์€ ๋” ํด๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
12:09
Now this brings me to a basic categorization
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฐ์œ ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„
12:12
in the way scientific discoveries are made.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
Scientists, pure mathematicians among them,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค, ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—๋„ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
12:19
follow one or the other of two pathways:
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ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธธ, ๋˜๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.:
12:22
First through early discoveries,
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์šฐ์„  ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:24
a problem is identified
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ 
12:26
and a solution is sought.
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
The problem may be relatively small;
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฐฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”;
12:31
for example, where exactly in a cruise ship does the norovirus begin to spread?
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด, ์œ ๋žŒ์„ ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋Š” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํผ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ?... ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:36
Or larger, what's the role of dark matter in the expansion of the universe?
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”. ์šฐ์ฃผํŒฝ์ฐฝ์—์„œ ์•”ํ‘๋ฌผ์งˆ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ?.. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์š”.
12:42
As the answer is sought, other phenomena are typically discovered
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ํ•ด๋‹ต์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:46
and other questions are asked.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:48
This first of the two strategies is like a hunter,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋žต์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
12:51
exploring a forest in search of a particular quarry,
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ˆฒ์†์„ ์ฐพ์•„ํ—ค๋งค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:55
who finds other quarries along the way.
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์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์€ ๊ธธ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
The second strategy of research
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ „๋žต์€
13:01
is to study a subject broadly
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์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
searching for unknown phenomena or patterns of known phenomena
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์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฏธ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:08
like a hunter in what we call "the naturalist's trance,"
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ํ”ํฌ "์‹ ๋“ค๋ฆฐ ์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊พผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
13:11
the researcher of mind is open to anything interesting,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
any quarry worth taking.
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๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ๋งŒํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ฐ์ด๋“  ์ข‹์ž–์•„์š”
13:16
The search is not for the solution of the problem,
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ํƒ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
but for problems themselves worth solving.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ’€๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:22
The two strategies of research,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๋žต์€
13:24
original research, can be stated as follows,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
in the final principle I'm going to offer you:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์›์น™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
13:31
For every problem in a given discipline of science,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋“  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋Š”
13:36
there exists a species or entity or phenomenon
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๊ทธ ํ•ด๋‹ต์— ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ
13:39
ideal for its solution.
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์ข…(็จฎ)์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ, ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:41
And conversely, for every species or other entity
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…(็จฎ)์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ, ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
13:47
or phenomenon, there exist important problems
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
for the solution of which, those particular objects of research are ideally suited.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์˜ ํ•ด๋‹ต์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์ด์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
13:57
Find out what they are.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:59
You'll find your own way to discover,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ
14:02
to learn, to teach.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
The decades ahead will see dramatic advances
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ณ‘์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ณด๊ฑด, ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ์—๋Š”
14:08
in disease prevention, general health, the quality of life.
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๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
14:12
All of humanity depends on the knowledge and practice of the medicine and the science
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์˜์•ฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณผํ•™์—
14:18
behind it you will master.
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์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
You have chosen a calling that will come in steps
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ , ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
14:23
to give you satisfaction, at its conclusion, of a life well lived.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ์‚ด์•„์˜จ ์‚ถ์— ๋งŒ์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งž์ดํ•  ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•˜์‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
And I thank you for having me here tonight.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ์ €๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:31
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:37
Oh, thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
I salute you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์˜๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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