Rory Stewart: Why democracy matters

83,872 views ใƒป 2012-10-29

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: K Bang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hee Yeon Kim
00:16
So little Billy goes to school,
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๊ผฌ๋งˆ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€์„œ
00:18
and he sits down and the teacher says,
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์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์•‰์ž ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์œผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
"What does your father do?"
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"์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๋‹ˆ?"
00:24
And little Billy says, "My father plays the piano
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์ž ๊ผฌ๋งˆ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์•„๋น ๋Š” ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•ด์š”
00:28
in an opium den."
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์•„ํŽธ ๋™๊ตด์—์„œ์š”."
00:31
So the teacher rings up the parents, and says,
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๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ป˜ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:33
"Very shocking story from little Billy today.
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"์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
00:36
Just heard that he claimed that you play the piano
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์•„๋ฒ„๋‹˜์ด ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
00:40
in an opium den."
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์•„ํŽธ ๋™๊ตด์—์„œ์š”. "
00:42
And the father says, "I'm very sorry. Yes, it's true, I lied.
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๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, " ์ •๋ง ์ฃ„์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
But how can I tell an eight-year-old boy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
00:50
that his father is a politician?" (Laughter)
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๋„ˆ์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?" (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:54
Now, as a politician myself, standing in front of you,
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์ด์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์— ์„œ์„œ,
00:57
or indeed, meeting any stranger anywhere in the world,
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ํ˜น์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ, ์„ธ์ƒ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋“ ์ง€๊ฐ„์—
01:01
when I eventually reveal the nature of my profession,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์— ์ œ ์ง์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
01:03
they look at me as though I'm somewhere between
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜
01:06
a snake, a monkey and an iguana,
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๋ฑ€, ์›์ˆญ์ด, ์ด๊ตฌ์•„๋‚˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ณ๋‹ค๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:11
and through all of this, I feel, strongly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:15
that something is going wrong.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„.
01:18
Four hundred years of maturing democracy,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•ด์˜จ 400๋…„๋™์•ˆ
01:21
colleagues in Parliament who seem to me, as individuals,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํšŒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š”
01:24
reasonably impressive, an increasingly educated,
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ต์œก ์ˆ˜์ค€๋„ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:28
energetic, informed population, and yet
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ , ์ง€์‹์ธ์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:32
a deep, deep sense of disappointment.
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๊นŠ๊ณ , ๊นŠ์€ ์ ˆ๋ง๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
My colleagues in Parliament include, in my new intake,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ์˜ํšŒ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š”
01:41
family doctors, businesspeople, professors,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜, ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€, ๊ต์ˆ˜,
01:46
distinguished economists, historians, writers,
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž, ์—ญ์‚ฌํ•™์ž, ์ž‘๊ฐ€,
01:50
army officers ranging from colonels down to regimental sergeant majors.
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๋Œ€๋ น๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๊ธ‰ ์ฃผ์ž„์›์‚ฌ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ตฐ์žฅ๊ต๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
All of them, however, including myself, as we walk underneath
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด
01:59
those strange stone gargoyles just down the road,
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๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๋ชจํ‰์ด ์„์ƒ ์•„๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์„ ๋•Œ๋ฉด (์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฉด)
02:03
feel that we've become less than the sum of our parts,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด๋Šฅ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
feel as though we have become profoundly diminished.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—„์ฒญ ๋‚˜์•ฝํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ฃ .
02:13
And this isn't just a problem in Britain.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
It's a problem across the developing world,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ ,
02:20
and in middle income countries too. In Jamaica,
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์ค‘์ง„๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด์—์„œ๋Š”,
02:22
for example -- look at Jamaican members of Parliament,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด -- ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด์˜ ์˜ํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ ,
02:26
you meet them, and they're often people who are
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€
02:29
Rhodes Scholars, who've studied at Harvard or at Princeton,
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ฆฐ์Šคํ„ด๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋กœ๋“œ( Rhodes) ์žฅํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
and yet, you go down to downtown Kingston,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ํ‚น์Šคํ„ด ์‹œ๋‚ด๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
02:37
and you are looking at one of the most depressing sites
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:41
that you can see in any middle-income country in the world:
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋–ค ์ค‘์ง„๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋“  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด์ฃ :
02:45
a dismal, depressing landscape
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ํƒ€๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜์ฏค ๋‚จ๊ฒจ์ง„ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š”
02:48
of burnt and half-abandoned buildings.
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์ฐธ๋‹ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
And this has been true for 30 years, and the handover
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 30๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋˜ํ•œ
02:54
in 1979, 1980, between one Jamaican leader who was
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1979๋…„, 1980๋…„์—
02:58
the son of a Rhodes Scholar and a Q.C. to another
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๋กœ๋“œ ์žฅํ•™์ƒ์ด์ž ์น™์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ธ ์ž๋ฉ”์ด์นด์˜ ํ•œ ์ง€๋„์ž๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:02
who'd done an economics doctorate at Harvard,
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ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์ด์–‘๋  ๋•Œ,
03:05
over 800 people were killed in the streets
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800๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์‚ดํ•ด๋‹นํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
in drug-related violence.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ฃ .
03:11
Ten years ago, however, the promise of democracy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, 10๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์•ฝ์†์€
03:15
seemed to be extraordinary. George W. Bush stood up
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ด ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง€ W. ๋ถ€์‹œ๋Š”
03:19
in his State of the Union address in 2003
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2003๋…„ ๊ตญ์ • ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ
03:22
and said that democracy was the force that would beat
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ถˆํ–‰์„ ํƒ€ํŒŒํ• 
03:26
most of the ills of the world. He said,
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์›๋™๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š”,
03:29
because democratic governments respect their own people
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:33
and respect their neighbors, freedom will bring peace.
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์ด์›ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:39
Distinguished academics at the same time argued that
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์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์„ํ•™๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
democracies had this incredible range of side benefits.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
They would bring prosperity, security,
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์˜๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ๊ณ ,
03:49
overcome sectarian violence,
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์ข…ํŒŒ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ํญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
03:52
ensure that states would never again harbor terrorists.
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ซ“์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Since then, what's happened?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
03:59
Well, what we've seen is the creation, in places like Iraq
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ผํฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
04:02
and Afghanistan, of democratic systems of government
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:06
which haven't had any of those side benefits.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
In Afghanistan, for example, we haven't just had one election
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํ˜น์€
04:12
or two elections. We've gone through three elections,
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ๋งŒ์˜ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์€ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์˜,
04:15
presidential and parliamentary. And what do we find?
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์„ ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์˜ํšŒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
04:18
Do we find a flourishing civil society, a vigorous rule of law
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝ, ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์žฃ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
04:21
and good security? No. What we find in Afghanistan
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์น˜์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ
04:25
is a judiciary that is weak and corrupt,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋„๋•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•๊ถŒ,
04:29
a very limited civil society which is largely ineffective,
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์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•ด ํž˜์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:33
a media which is beginning to get onto its feet
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์–ธ๋ก ์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์›€์ง์ด๋ คํ•˜๋‚˜
04:36
but a government that's deeply unpopular,
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ,
04:39
perceived as being deeply corrupt, and security
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹๋˜๋ฉฐ , ์น˜์•ˆ์€
04:43
that is shocking, security that's terrible.
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์ •๋ง ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
In Pakistan, in lots of sub-Saharan Africa,
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ด๋‚จ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋„
04:51
again you can see democracy and elections are compatible
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์ด์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€
04:54
with corrupt governments, with states that are unstable
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถ€ํŒจ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํƒœ,
04:58
and dangerous.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
And when I have conversations with people, I remember
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๋•Œ,
05:03
having a conversation, for example, in Iraq,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๋ผํฌ์—์„œ
05:06
with a community that asked me
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
whether the riot we were seeing in front of us,
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์ •๋ง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํญ๋™์ด,
05:12
this was a huge mob ransacking a provincial council building,
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์ง€๋ฐฉ ์˜ํšŒ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์—‰๋ง์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ค‘๋“ค์˜ ํญ๋™์ด
05:16
was a sign of the new democracy.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ์š”.
05:21
The same, I felt, was true in almost every single one
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
of the middle and developing countries that I went to,
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์ค‘์ง„๊ตญ์ด๋“ , ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด๋“ ,
05:28
and to some extent the same is true of us.
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๋˜ ์ผ์ • ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Well, what is the answer to this? Is the answer to just
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •๋‹ต์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”? ๋‹จ์ง€
05:34
give up on the idea of democracy?
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
05:37
Well, obviously not. It would be absurd
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์€ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
if we were to engage again in the kind of operations
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๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ž‘์ „์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
05:44
we were engaged in, in Iraq and Afghanistan
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์ด๋ผํฌ๋‚˜ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ, (์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ๋•Œ)
05:47
if we were to suddenly find ourselves in a situation
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:50
in which we were imposing
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์ฆ‰, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
05:53
anything other than a democratic system.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์น˜์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
05:55
Anything else would run contrary to our values,
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
05:58
it would run contrary to the wishes of the people
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
06:00
on the ground, it would run contrary to our interests.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์ต๊ณผ๋„ ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
I remember in Iraq, for example, that we went through
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ผํฌ์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
06:07
a period of feeling that we should delay democracy.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฏธ๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
We went through a period of feeling that the lesson learned
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์Šค๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
06:12
from Bosnia was that elections held too early
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ฐ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
06:16
enshrined sectarian violence, enshrined extremist parties,
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์ข…ํŒŒ์ฃผ์˜ ํญ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ฃผ์˜ํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€์ง€์š”.
06:20
so in Iraq in 2003 the decision was made,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2003๋…„์— ์ด๋ผํฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
let's not have elections for two years. Let's invest in
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2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
06:26
voter education. Let's invest in democratization.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ž๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
The result was that I found stuck outside my office
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ, ์ œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์—
06:34
a huge crowd of people, this is actually a photograph
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด,
06:36
taken in Libya but I saw the same scene in Iraq
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฆฌ๋น„์•„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:40
of people standing outside screaming for the elections,
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์ด๋ผํฌ์— ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
and when I went out and said, "What is wrong
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์™€์„œ
06:47
with the interim provincial council?
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" ์ž„์‹œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์˜ํšŒ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:50
What is wrong with the people that we have chosen?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
06:53
There is a Sunni sheikh, there's a Shiite sheikh,
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์ž„์‹œ์˜ํšŒ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹ˆ ์‰์ดํฌ์”จ, ์‰ฌ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์‰์ดํฌ์”จ๊ฐ€
06:56
there's the seven -- leaders of the seven major tribes,
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๋˜ 7๊ฐœ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” 7๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
there's a Christian, there's a Sabian,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋น„๊ต๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
there are female representatives, there's every political party in this council,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹น์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
what's wrong with the people that we chose?"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฝ‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? "๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:09
The answer came, "The problem isn't the people
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธธ "๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋ฝ‘์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:12
that you chose. The problem is that you chose them."
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"๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:18
I have not met, in Afghanistan, in even the most
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:21
remote community, anybody who does not want
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ,
07:24
a say in who governs them.
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
Most remote community, I have never met a villager
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋งˆ์„์—์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ, ์ €๋Š”
07:29
who does not want a vote.
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์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
So we need to acknowledge
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
07:36
that despite the dubious statistics, despite the fact that
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์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
07:39
84 percent of people in Britain feel politics is broken,
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84%์˜ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด ์ •์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:45
despite the fact that when I was in Iraq, we did an opinion poll
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด๋ผํฌ์—์„œ 2003๋…„์—
07:48
in 2003 and asked people what political systems they preferred,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ก  ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:52
and the answer came back that
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ
07:54
seven percent wanted the United States,
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7%๋งŒ์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ 
07:58
five percent wanted France,
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5%๋งŒ์ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:00
three percent wanted Britain,
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3%๋งŒ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:03
and nearly 40 percent wanted Dubai, which is, after all,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  40%๋Š” ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
08:07
not a democratic state at all but a relatively prosperous
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•œ
08:10
minor monarchy, democracy is a thing of value
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๊ตฐ์ฃผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š”
08:15
for which we should be fighting. But in order to do so
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:18
we need to get away from instrumental arguments.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ํฌ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
We need to get away from saying democracy matters
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜ ์ด์ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜จ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ
08:25
because of the other things it brings.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
We need to get away from feeling, in the same way,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์—
08:30
human rights matters because of the other things it brings,
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๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
or women's rights matters for the other things it brings.
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๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚จ๋…€ํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ—€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
Why should we get away from those arguments?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:40
Because they're very dangerous. If we set about saying,
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๊ทธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
for example, torture is wrong because it doesn't extract
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€, '๊ณ ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค, ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
08:47
good information, or we say, you need women's rights
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์ข‹์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค,' ํ˜น์€, '๋‚จ๋…€ํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค
08:52
because it stimulates economic growth by doubling the size of the work force,
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๋‚จ๋…€ํ‰๋“ฑ์€ ๋…ธ๋™ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ 2๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:57
you leave yourself open to the position where
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
the government of North Korea can turn around and say,
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๋ถํ•œ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„์„œ์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
"Well actually, we're having a lot of success extracting
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"๊ธ€์Ž„์š”.. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
09:03
good information with our torture at the moment,"
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ทธ๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด์™”์–ด์š”."
09:06
or the government of Saudi Arabia to say, "Well,
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์‚ฌ์šฐ๋”” ์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
our economic growth's okay, thank you very much,
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"์Œ.. ๊ณ ๋ง™์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
09:09
considerably better than yours,
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๋‹น์‹  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ข‹์€ ํŽธ์ด์ฃ .
09:11
so maybe we don't need to go ahead with this program on women's rights."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์„ ์‹ ์žฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ๋ชป ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”"
09:16
The point about democracy is not instrumental.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋…ผ์ œ๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์  ์ด์ต์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
It's not about the things that it brings.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ด์ต์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
The point about democracy is not that it delivers
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€
09:25
legitimate, effective, prosperous rule of law.
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ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๊ณ , ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์„œ๋„,
09:31
It's not that it guarantees peace with itself or with its neighbors.
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๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์˜, ํ˜น์€ ์ด์›ƒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€์˜ ํ‰ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
The point about democracy is intrinsic.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
Democracy matters because it reflects an idea of equality
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ
09:44
and an idea of liberty. It reflects an idea of dignity,
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์ž์œ , ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
the dignity of the individual, the idea that each individual
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์กด์—„ํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:52
should have an equal vote, an equal say,
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ํˆฌํ‘œ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:56
in the formation of their government.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ •๋ถ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
But if we're really to make democracy vigorous again,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ ,
10:04
if we're ready to revivify it, we need to get involved
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:06
in a new project of the citizens and the politicians.
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์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์ •์น˜์ธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Democracy is not simply a question of structures.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€, ์ฒด์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
It is a state of mind. It is an activity.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
And part of that activity is honesty.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ •์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
After I speak to you today, I'm going on a radio program
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ , ์ €๋Š” ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
called "Any Questions," and the thing you will have noticed
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"์งˆ๋ฌธ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?(Any Questions)"๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ธ๋ฐ, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ
10:29
about politicians on these kinds of radio programs
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด
10:33
is that they never, ever say that they don't know the answer
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์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ต์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Š๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
to a question. It doesn't matter what it is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
If you ask about child tax credits, the future of the penguins
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์œก์•„ ์„ธ๊ธˆ ํ˜œํƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด,
10:42
in the south Antarctic, asked to hold forth on whether or not
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๋‚จ๊ทน ํŽญ๊ท„์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋˜๋Š”
10:46
the developments in Chongqing contribute
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์ถฉ์นญ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด
10:49
to sustainable development in carbon capture,
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์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋ฉด
10:51
and we will have an answer for you.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•ด๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
We need to stop that, to stop pretending to be
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„๋Š” ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
10:57
omniscient beings.
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๋ฉˆ์ถœ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
Politicians also need to learn, occasionally, to say that
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
certain things that voters want, certain things that voters
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์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
11:06
have been promised, may be things
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์œ ๊ถŒ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์•ฝ์†๋ฐ›์•„์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค, ํ˜น์€
11:10
that we cannot deliver
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
11:13
or perhaps that we feel we should not deliver.
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๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
And the second thing we should do is understand
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€
11:20
the genius of our societies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
Our societies have never been so educated, have never
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐ›์€ ์ ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:27
been so energized, have never been so healthy,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:30
have never known so much, cared so much,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ , ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›์€ ์ ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
or wanted to do so much, and it is a genius of the local.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
One of the reasons why we're moving away
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐํšŒ์žฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
11:41
from banqueting halls such as the one in which we stand,
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๋– ๋‚˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
11:45
banqueting halls with extraordinary images on the ceiling
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์—ฐํšŒ์žฅ์˜ ์ฒœ์žฅ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๊ฐ€
11:49
of kings enthroned,
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์™•์ขŒ์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์™•์„ ์—ฐ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ,
11:51
the entire drama played out here on this space,
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์ด ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜
11:54
where the King of England had his head lopped off,
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์˜๊ตญ ์™•์ด ์ฒ˜ํ˜•๋˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
why we've moved from spaces like this, thrones like that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์™•์ขŒ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
12:02
towards the town hall, is we're moving more and more
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
12:05
towards the energies of our people, and we need to tap that.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
That can mean different things in different countries.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
In Britain, it could mean looking to the French,
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
12:15
learning from the French,
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
getting directly elected mayors in place
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๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ง์ ‘ ์„ ์ถœ๋œ ์‹œ์žฅ๋“ค์ด
12:21
in a French commune system.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์˜ํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
In Afghanistan, it could have meant instead of concentrating
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์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„์—์„œ,
12:26
on the big presidential and parliamentary elections,
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๋Œ€์„ ๊ณผ ์ด์„ ์— ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
12:29
we should have done what was in the Afghan constitution
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ„์˜ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
from the very beginning, which is to get direct local elections going
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๊ตฌ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ง์„ ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
12:36
at a district level and elect people's provincial governors.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
12:41
But for any of these things to work,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
12:44
the honesty in language, the local democracy,
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์–ธ์–ด์˜ ์ •์ง์„ฑ, ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
it's not just a question of what politicians do.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
It's a question of what the citizens do.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌผ์Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
For politicians to be honest, the public needs to allow them to be honest,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ •์งํ•ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ์ •์งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:56
and the media, which mediates between the politicians
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์ •์น˜์ธ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์ค‘์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–ธ๋ก ์€
12:59
and the public, needs to allow those politicians to be honest.
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์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ์ •์งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
If local democracy is to flourish, it is about the active
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์ง€์—ญ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ํ™œ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
13:07
and informed engagement of every citizen.
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์‹๊ฒฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:11
In other words, if democracy is to be rebuilt,
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์ฆ‰, ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ธ์›Œ์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด,
13:16
is to become again vigorous and vibrant,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
13:20
it is necessary not just for the public
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ •์น˜์ธ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„
13:23
to learn to trust their politicians,
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๋ฐฐ์šธ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
13:26
but for the politicians to learn to trust the public.
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
Thank you very much indeed. (Applause)
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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