Conrad Wolfram: Teaching kids real math with computers

351,557 views ใƒป 2010-11-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeong-Lan Kinser ๊ฒ€ํ† : Dae-won Jeong
00:15
We've got a real problem with math education right now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋‹น๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Basically, no one's very happy.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›Œ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
00:22
Those learning it
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
00:24
think it's disconnected,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
00:26
uninteresting and hard.
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์žฌ๋ฏธ์—†๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
00:28
Those trying to employ them
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
00:30
think they don't know enough.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•Œ์ง„ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Governments realize that it's a big deal for our economies,
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:35
but don't know how to fix it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€์š”.
00:38
And teachers are also frustrated.
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ญํŒจ๊ฐ์— ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Yet math is more important to the world
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”
00:43
than at any point in human history.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:45
So at one end we've got falling interest
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:47
in education in math,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:49
and at the other end we've got a more mathematical world,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๋”
00:52
a more quantitative world than we ever have had.
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์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:56
So what's the problem, why has this chasm opened up,
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ , ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:58
and what can we do to fix it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:01
Well actually, I think the answer
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
01:03
is staring us right in the face:
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Use computers.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
01:07
I believe
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์ €๋Š”
01:09
that correctly using computers
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:11
is the silver bullet
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—
01:13
for making math education work.
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์ฆ‰ํšจ์•ฝ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
So to explain that,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
01:18
let me first talk a bit about what math looks like in the real world
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
01:21
and what it looks like in education.
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๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ๊ต์œก๊ณ„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ € ์•ฝ๊ฐ„๋งŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:23
See, in the real world
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
01:25
math isn't necessarily done by mathematicians.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
It's done by geologists,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง€์งˆํ•™์ž๋“ค,
01:30
engineers, biologists,
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์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋“ค, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค,
01:32
all sorts of different people --
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
01:34
modeling and simulation.
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๋ชจํ˜•์ œ์ž‘๊ณผ ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:36
It's actually very popular.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
But in education it looks very different --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ต์œก๊ณ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:41
dumbed-down problems, lots of calculating,
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ณ ์“ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ˆ˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€--
01:43
mostly by hand.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์ฃ 
01:46
Lots of things that seem simple
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
01:48
and not difficult like in the real world,
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
except if you're learning it.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
01:53
And another thing about math:
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”:
01:55
math sometimes looks like math --
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
01:57
like in this example here --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”--
02:00
and sometimes it doesn't --
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๋˜ ์–ด๋–ค๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”--
02:02
like "Am I drunk?"
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ˆ ์ด ์ทจํ–ˆ๋‚˜?" ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
02:07
And then you get an answer that's quantitative in the modern world.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์ˆซ์ž์ ์ธ ๋‹ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์ง€์š”.
02:10
You wouldn't have expected that a few years back.
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๋ช‡๋…„์ „์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:13
But now you can find out all about --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„
02:16
unfortunately, my weight is a little higher than that, but --
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ €์˜ ์ฒด์ค‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ,
02:19
all about what happens.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ „๋ถ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
So let's zoom out a bit and ask,
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค,
02:23
why are we teaching people math?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:25
What's the point of teaching people math?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ?
02:28
And in particular, why are we teaching them math in general?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์š”?
02:31
Why is it such an important part of education
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์™œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ต์œก ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
02:34
as a sort of compulsory subject?
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ํ•„์ˆ˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:36
Well, I think there are about three reasons:
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
02:39
technical jobs
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ง์—…์€
02:41
so critical to the development of our economies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์„œ,
02:44
what I call "everyday living" --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:48
to function in the world today,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”,
02:50
you've got to be pretty quantitative,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ ,
02:52
much more so than a few years ago:
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๋ช‡๋…„์ „์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:54
figure out your mortgages,
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์ฃผํƒ ๋‹ด๋ณด ๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ ,
02:56
being skeptical of government statistics, those kinds of things --
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
03:00
and thirdly, what I would call something like
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๋˜ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ๋Š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€
03:03
logical mind training, logical thinking.
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๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ
03:06
Over the years
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
we've put so much in society
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:10
into being able to process and think logically. It's part of human society.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŽ์ด ํˆฌ์žํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค; ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด์ฃ .
03:13
It's very important to learn that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:15
math is a great way to do that.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
So let's ask another question.
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์ž ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
03:19
What is math?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด์ฃ ?
03:21
What do we mean when we say we're doing math,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ
03:23
or educating people to do math?
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๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ต์œกํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:25
Well, I think it's about four steps, roughly speaking,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ œ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:28
starting with posing the right question.
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:30
What is it that we want to ask? What is it we're trying to find out here?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ญ์ฃ ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:33
And this is the thing most screwed up in the outside world,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—‰๋ง์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ,
03:35
beyond virtually any other part of doing math.
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๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ๋„์š”.
03:38
People ask the wrong question,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
03:40
and surprisingly enough, they get the wrong answer,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต๋“ค์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€์š”,
03:42
for that reason, if not for others.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ด์œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ ,
03:44
So the next thing is take that problem
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•ด์„œ
03:46
and turn it from a real world problem
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์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:48
into a math problem.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:50
That's stage two.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Once you've done that, then there's the computation step.
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์ผ๋‹จ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๋ฉด, ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
Turn it from that into some answer
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ด์„œ
03:57
in a mathematical form.
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๋‹ต์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
And of course, math is very powerful at doing that.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And then finally, turn it back to the real world.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Did it answer the question?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
04:06
And also verify it -- crucial step.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ฃ .
04:10
Now here's the crazy thing right now.
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์ž, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
In math education,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ๋Š”,
04:14
we're spending about perhaps 80 percent of the time
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ
04:17
teaching people to do step three by hand.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:20
Yet, that's the one step computers can do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ
04:22
better than any human after years of practice.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:25
Instead, we ought to be using computers
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
04:28
to do step three
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:30
and using the students to spend much more effort
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ,
04:33
on learning how to do steps one, two and four --
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๋˜ ๋„ค๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
04:35
conceptualizing problems, applying them,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋…ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ,
04:38
getting the teacher to run them through how to do that.
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๊ทธ ๊ต์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
See, crucial point here:
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
04:43
math is not equal to calculating.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด๋ž‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
Math is a much broader subject than calculating.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
Now it's understandable that this has all got intertwined
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์ž ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„œ๋กœ ์–ฝํ˜€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋งŒ ํ•˜์ง€์š”
04:51
over hundreds of years.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„์ด์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ์„ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
04:53
There was only one way to do calculating and that was by hand.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋งŒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์†์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ง€์š”.
04:56
But in the last few decades
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
04:58
that has totally changed.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
We've had the biggest transformation of any ancient subject
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:03
that I could ever imagine with computers.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
Calculating was typically the limiting step,
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜€๊ณ ,
05:09
and now often it isn't.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
So I think in terms of the fact that math
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:13
has been liberated from calculating.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
05:16
But that math liberation didn't get into education yet.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ต์œก์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
See, I think of calculating, in a sense,
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์ž, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€, ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ,
05:21
as the machinery of math.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
It's the chore.
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ํ—ˆ๋“œ๋ ›์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:25
It's the thing you'd like to avoid if you can, like to get a machine to do.
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ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
05:29
It's a means to an end, not an end in itself,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ข…์  ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:34
and automation allows us
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๋™์ œ์–ด๋ฐฉ์‹์€
05:36
to have that machinery.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋กํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Computers allow us to do that --
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์ฃ .
05:40
and this is not a small problem by any means.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
I estimated that, just today, across the world,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ฑด๋ฐ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ,
05:46
we spent about 106 average world lifetimes
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์˜ 106 ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ
05:49
teaching people how to calculate by hand.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
That's an amazing amount of human endeavor.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ด„๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ˆซ์ž์ด์ง€์š”.
05:55
So we better be damn sure --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
05:57
and by the way, they didn't even have fun doing it, most of them --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
06:00
so we better be damn sure
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:02
that we know why we're doing that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
06:04
and it has a real purpose.
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐธ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:06
I think we should be assuming computers
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
06:08
for doing the calculating
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:10
and only doing hand calculations where it really makes sense to teach people that.
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์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And I think there are some cases.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
For example: mental arithmetic.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด: ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ์ˆ ์ด์ฃ .
06:17
I still do a lot of that, mainly for estimating.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
06:20
People say, "Is such and such true?"
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ ,
06:22
And I'll say, "Hmm, not sure." I'll think about it roughly.
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๋˜ ์ €๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ๊ธ€์Ž„, ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„. ๋Œ€๊ฐ• ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด.
06:24
It's still quicker to do that and more practical.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
So I think practicality is one case
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ฑด๋ฐ ์‹ค์šฉ์„ฑ
06:28
where it's worth teaching people by hand.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:30
And then there are certain conceptual things
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š”
06:32
that can also benefit from hand calculating,
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์†๊ณ„์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:34
but I think they're relatively small in number.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆซ์ž์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ ์€ ์ˆซ์ž์ง€์š”.
06:36
One thing I often ask about
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
06:38
is ancient Greek and how this relates.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
See, the thing we're doing right now
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
06:43
is we're forcing people to learn mathematics.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
It's a major subject.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฃผ์š” ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด์ฃ .
06:47
I'm not for one minute suggesting that, if people are interested in hand calculating
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†๊ณ„์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:50
or in following their own interests
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๋˜๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—
06:52
in any subject however bizarre --
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ
06:54
they should do that.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
That's absolutely the right thing,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
06:58
for people to follow their self-interest.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
I was somewhat interested in ancient Greek,
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:02
but I don't think that we should force the entire population
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:05
to learn a subject like ancient Greek.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋„๋ก ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
I don't think it's warranted.
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์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
07:09
So I have this distinction between what we're making people do
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‚˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
07:12
and the subject that's sort of mainstream
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค๊ณผ
07:14
and the subject that, in a sense, people might follow with their own interest
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:17
and perhaps even be spiked into doing that.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์—ด์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
So what are the issues people bring up with this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:22
Well one of them is, they say, you need to get the basics first.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ ๋จผ์ € ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
You shouldn't use the machine
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
07:27
until you get the basics of the subject.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ ์ด์• ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
So my usual question is, what do you mean by "basics?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?
07:32
Basics of what?
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๋ฌด์—‡์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€?
07:34
Are the basics of driving a car
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š”๊ฑด๊ฐ€,
07:36
learning how to service it, or design it for that matter?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์•ผ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
07:39
Are the basics of writing learning how to sharpen a quill?
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๊นƒ์„ ๊น๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ธ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?
07:43
I don't think so.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
I think you need to separate the basics of what you're trying to do
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”์ง€
07:48
from how it gets done
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๋˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
07:50
and the machinery of how it gets done
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
and automation allows you to make that separation.
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์ž๋™ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
A hundred years ago, it's certainly true that to drive a car
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๋ฐฑ๋…„์ „์—, ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์šด์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:00
you kind of needed to know a lot about the mechanics of the car
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์ฐจ์˜ ์ •๋น„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ํ™” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
08:02
and how the ignition timing worked and all sorts of things.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:06
But automation in cars
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์ž๋™ ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
08:08
allowed that to separate,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
08:10
so driving is now a quite separate subject, so to speak,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:13
from engineering of the car
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋‚˜
08:16
or learning how to service it.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šคํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
08:20
So automation allows this separation
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž๋™๊ณต์ •์€ ์ด ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
08:22
and also allows -- in the case of driving,
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์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€
08:24
and I believe also in the future case of maths --
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ๋˜ํ•œ
08:26
a democratized way of doing that.
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'๋ฏผ์ฃผํ™”'์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์šฉ๋‚ฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
It can be spread across a much larger number of people
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:30
who can really work with that.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์ „ํŒŒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
So there's another thing that comes up with basics.
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์ž ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๋˜ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
People confuse, in my view,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€ํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:37
the order of the invention of the tools
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๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๊ฐ€
08:40
with the order in which they should use them for teaching.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ด์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ตฌ์š”.
08:43
So just because paper was invented before computers,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ด์ „์— ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:46
it doesn't necessarily mean you get more to the basics of the subject
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
08:49
by using paper instead of a computer
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:51
to teach mathematics.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์ข…์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
My daughter gave me a rather nice anecdote on this.
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์ œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ์ด ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ข‹์€ ์ผํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
She enjoys making what she calls "paper laptops."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ด ๋žฉํƒ‘์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:03
So I asked her one day, "You know, when I was your age,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”, "์žˆ์ž–์•„, ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋งŒํ•  ๋•Œ์—”,
09:05
I didn't make these.
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๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹จ๋‹ค.
09:07
Why do you think that was?"
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋Š” ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ?"
09:09
And after a second or two, carefully reflecting,
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์ž ๊น ์ดํ›„์— ๊ณฐ๊ณฐํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋’ค์—,
09:11
she said, "No paper?"
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, "์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹จ ๋ง์˜ˆ์š”?"
09:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:19
If you were born after computers and paper,
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ข…์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ดํ›„์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:21
it doesn't really matter which order you're taught with them in,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šด ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
09:24
you just want to have the best tool.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:26
So another one that comes up is "Computers dumb math down."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๋‚˜์˜จ๊ฒƒ์€, "์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ•๋“ฑ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค" ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:29
That somehow, if you use a computer,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„, ๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:31
it's all mindless button-pushing,
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์ „๋ถ€๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ธฐ์ง€์š”,
09:33
but if you do it by hand,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ์ผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:35
it's all intellectual.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ „๋ถ€๋‹ค ์ง€์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
This one kind of annoys me, I must say.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
Do we really believe
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ
09:42
that the math that most people are doing in school
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด
09:44
practically today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
09:46
is more than applying procedures
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๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„
09:48
to problems they don't really understand, for reasons they don't get?
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์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
09:51
I don't think so.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
And what's worse, what they're learning there isn't even practically useful anymore.
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๋˜ ๋”์šฑ ์•ˆ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋”์ด์ƒ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Might have been 50 years ago, but it isn't anymore.
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50๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:59
When they're out of education, they do it on a computer.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ต์œก๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์„๋•Œ๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
10:02
Just to be clear, I think computers can really help with this problem,
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋„์™€์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
actually make it more conceptual.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๊ด€๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€์š”.
10:07
Now, of course, like any great tool,
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์ž ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด
10:09
they can be used completely mindlessly,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ด์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”,
10:11
like turning everything into a multimedia show,
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ,
10:14
like the example I was shown of solving an equation by hand,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ‘ธ๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:17
where the computer was the teacher --
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด์—ˆ๊ณ --
10:19
show the student how to manipulate and solve it by hand.
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ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ฃ .
10:22
This is just nuts.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ •์‹ ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ง“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:24
Why are we using computers to show a student how to solve a problem by hand
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฐŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋“  ๊ทธ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž„์—๋„
10:27
that the computer should be doing anyway?
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ํ•™์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ‘ธ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
10:29
All backwards.
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๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ๊พธ๋กœ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:31
Let me show you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
10:33
that you can also make problems harder to calculate.
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
10:36
See, normally in school,
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„  ๋ณดํ†ต
10:38
you do things like solve quadratic equations.
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต 2์ฐจ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
10:41
But you see, when you're using a computer,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด,
10:44
you can just substitute.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
You can make it a quartic equation. Make it kind of harder, calculating-wise.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ 2์ฐจ ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:50
Same principles applied --
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๊ฐ™์€ ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ--
10:52
calculations, harder.
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ์€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
And problems in the real world
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€
10:56
look nutty and horrible like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆ„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
10:58
They've got hair all over them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฝ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ๋‚œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:00
They're not just simple, dumbed-down things that we see in school math.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
And think of the outside world.
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๋˜ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:06
Do we really believe that engineering and biology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ
11:08
and all of these other things
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์€
11:10
that have so benefited from computers and maths
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์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ
11:12
have somehow conceptually gotten reduced by using computers?
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๊ฐœ๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
11:15
I don't think so -- quite the opposite.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ง€์š”.
11:18
So the problem we've really got in math education
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
11:21
is not that computers might dumb it down,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ•๋“ฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
11:24
but that we have dumbed-down problems right now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๊ฐ•๋“ฑ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
Well, another issue people bring up
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
11:29
is somehow that hand calculating procedures
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์†๊ณ„์‚ฐ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€
11:31
teach understanding.
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นœ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
So if you go through lots of examples,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด,
11:35
you can get the answer,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”--
11:37
you can understand how the basics of the system work better.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
11:40
I think there is one thing that I think very valid here,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:43
which is that I think understanding procedures and processes is important.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:47
But there's a fantastic way to do that in the modern world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
It's called programming.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ฃ .
11:53
Programming is how most procedures and processes
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์ด
11:55
get written down these days,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์ ธ์˜จ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๊ณ ,
11:57
and it's also a great way
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ
11:59
to engage students much more
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ชฐ๋‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:01
and to check they really understand.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•œ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
If you really want to check you understand math
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๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ์ดํ•ดํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:05
then write a program to do it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
12:08
So programming is the way I think we should be doing that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
So to be clear, what I really am suggesting here
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์„ ๋ช…ํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:13
is we have a unique opportunity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
12:15
to make maths both more practical
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ 
12:17
and more conceptual, simultaneously.
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๋™์‹œ์—, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด€๋…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
I can't think of any other subject where that's recently been possible.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
It's usually some kind of choice
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ๋Š”
12:25
between the vocational and the intellectual.
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์ง์—…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ง€์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ์˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
But I think we can do both at the same time here.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:32
And we open up so many more possibilities.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
You can do so many more problems.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
What I really think we gain from this
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
12:39
is students getting intuition and experience
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:42
in far greater quantities than they've ever got before.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ „์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์–‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
12:45
And experience of harder problems --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„
12:47
being able to play with the math, interact with it,
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์œผ๋กœ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„œ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:49
feel it.
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๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:51
We want people who can feel the math instinctively.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
That's what computers allow us to do.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:57
Another thing it allows us to do is reorder the curriculum.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ต๊ณผ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์žฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
Traditionally it's been by how difficult it is to calculate,
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ˆœ์„œ๋˜๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์™”์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:02
but now we can reorder it
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žฌ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:04
by how difficult it is to understand the concepts,
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ˆœ์„œ์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด
13:06
however hard the calculating.
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๊ทธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ ต๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ„์—.
13:08
So calculus has traditionally been taught very late.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์กŒ์ง€์š”.
13:11
Why is this?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€์š”?
13:13
Well, it's damn hard doing the calculations, that's the problem.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ง€์š”.
13:17
But actually many of the concepts
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐœ๋…์€
13:19
are amenable to a much younger age group.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
13:22
This was an example I built for my daughter.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ ๋”ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
And very, very simple.
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์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€์š”.
13:28
We were talking about what happens
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
13:30
when you increase the number of sides of a polygon
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๋‹ค๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ๋ฉด์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ
13:32
to a very large number.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
And of course, it turns into a circle.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
And by the way, she was also very insistent
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๋˜ ๋ง์ด ๋‚œ ๊น€์—, ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”
13:40
on being able to change the color,
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์ด ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํŠน์ƒ‰์ธ
13:42
an important feature for this demonstration.
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๊ทธ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ง‘์š”ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:46
You can see that this is a very early step
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
13:49
into limits and differential calculus
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์ œํ•œ๋˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฏธ์ ๋ถ„ํ•™์˜
13:51
and what happens when you take things to an extreme --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋˜ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๋ฉด๋“ค๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ํฐ ์ˆซ์ž์˜ ๋ฉด๋“ค์„
13:54
and very small sides and a very large number of sides.
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ทจํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
Very simple example.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:58
That's a view of the world
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
14:00
that we don't usually give people for many, many years after this.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์ด์ฃ .
14:03
And yet, that's a really important practical view of the world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
So one of the roadblocks we have
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์˜์ œ๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ
14:09
in moving this agenda forward
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋…ธ์ƒ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์€
14:12
is exams.
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์‹œํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
In the end, if we test everyone by hand in exams,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
14:17
it's kind of hard to get the curricula changed
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ์—
14:20
to a point where they can use computers
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ
14:22
during the semesters.
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์ด์ˆ˜๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:25
And one of the reasons it's so important --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”--
14:27
so it's very important to get computers in exams.
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์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
14:30
And then we can ask questions, real questions,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ๋‹ค์Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์ฐธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„์š”,
14:33
questions like, what's the best life insurance policy to get? --
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๋ช… ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์„๊นŒ? ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ ,
14:36
real questions that people have in their everyday lives.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง„์งœ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:40
And you see, this isn't some dumbed-down model here.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์งˆ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
This is an actual model where we can be asked to optimize what happens.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”์ฒญ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ๋ชจํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
How many years of protection do I need?
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€?
14:47
What does that do to the payments
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๊ทธ ์ง€๋ถˆ๊ธˆ์•ก๊ณผ
14:49
and to the interest rates and so forth?
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์ด์ž ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์ง€?
14:52
Now I'm not for one minute suggesting it's the only kind of question
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋ฐ›๋Š”
14:55
that should be asked in exams,
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๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
14:57
but I think it's a very important type
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
14:59
that right now just gets completely ignored
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์ด๊ณ 
15:02
and is critical for people's real understanding.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐธ๋œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
So I believe [there is] critical reform
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐœํ˜์„
15:08
we have to do in computer-based math.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์—์„œ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
We have got to make sure
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
15:12
that we can move our economies forward,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€
15:15
and also our societies,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ง„๋ณด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„,
15:17
based on the idea that people can really feel mathematics.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘์–ด์„œ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:22
This isn't some optional extra.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ ํƒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
And the country that does this first
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๋˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”
15:27
will, in my view, leapfrog others
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด
15:30
in achieving a new economy even,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:33
an improved economy,
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ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€,
15:35
an improved outlook.
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ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„์•ฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
In fact, I even talk about us moving
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€
15:39
from what we often call now the "knowledge economy"
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ข…์ข… ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
15:42
to what we might call a "computational knowledge economy,"
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง€์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ,
15:45
where high-level math is integral to what everyone does
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๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
15:48
in the way that knowledge currently is.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง€์‹์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธด์š”ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
We can engage so many more students with this,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:53
and they can have a better time doing it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
And let's understand:
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๋˜ ์ดํ•ดํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค,
15:58
this is not an incremental sort of change.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฆ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:02
We're trying to cross the chasm here
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
16:04
between school math and the real-world math.
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ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ํ˜‘๊ณก์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:06
And you know if you walk across a chasm,
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋งŒ์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ˜‘๊ณก์„ ๊ฑธ์–ด ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋ฉด,
16:08
you end up making it worse than if you didn't start at all --
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๋งŒ์ผ ์ „ํ˜€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ ๋” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์œ
16:11
bigger disaster.
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๋”์šฑ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์žฌ์•™์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
No, what I'm suggesting
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์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
16:15
is that we should leap off,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์•ฝ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
16:17
we should increase our velocity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:19
so it's high,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋†’์•„์„œ,
16:21
and we should leap off one side and go the other --
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ํ•œ ๋ฉด์„ ๋„์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค--
16:24
of course, having calculated our differential equation very carefully.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์„ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:27
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:29
So I want to see
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฒƒ์€
16:31
a completely renewed, changed math curriculum
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐฑ์‹ ๋˜์–ด, ๋ฐ”๋€ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต๊ณผ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
built from the ground up,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
16:35
based on computers being there,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ,
16:37
computers that are now ubiquitous almost.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:39
Calculating machines are everywhere
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๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋„์ฒ˜์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
16:41
and will be completely everywhere in a small number of years.
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๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:44
Now I'm not even sure if we should brand the subject as math,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‚™์ธ์„ ์ฐ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์กฐ์ฐจ ํ™•์‹ ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
but what I am sure is
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
16:50
it's the mainstream subject of the future.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
Let's go for it,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์žก์์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:56
and while we're about it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์—,
16:58
let's have a bit of fun,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค,
17:00
for us, for the students and for TED here.
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์ €ํฌ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ TED๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
17:03
Thanks.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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