Why pasta comes in all shapes and sizes | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

230,172 views ใƒป 2019-12-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: TED Translators admin Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ronit Kfir ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Food is design.
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
00:14
It is design when you compose plates,
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ื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืืชื "ืžืฆืœื—ืชื™ื",
00:16
but it is amazing, even better and most delightful design
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืขื ื’ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
00:21
when it's about the units.
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
00:22
[Small thing.]
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[ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ]
00:23
[Big idea.]
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[ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ]
00:28
"Pasta" comes from Latin,
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'ืคืกื˜ื”' ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช,
00:30
and it means "paste."
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื "ืžืฉื—ื”".
00:32
It's about putting together water and some powder,
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืื‘ืงื”,
00:36
so that you can actually shape it.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืชืช ืœื• ืฆื•ืจื”.
00:38
There are cultures in the world that use rice powder,
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ื™ืฉ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ืงืช ืื•ืจื–,
00:41
others use soy powder.
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ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ืงืช ืกื•ื™ื”.
00:44
In Italy, we tend to use durum wheat.
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ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื˜ืช ื“ื•ืจื•ื.
00:46
Pasta existed for centuries,
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ืคืกื˜ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื,
00:48
but it really blossomed during the Renaissance.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ืฉื’ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื ืกืื ืก,
00:50
And it's only later on in the 17th century
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ื•ืจืง ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžืื” ื”-17
00:53
that it became more mass produced.
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ-ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื.
00:56
Whenever you design an object of any kind,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืžื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื,
00:59
you think of how you want it to perform.
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื•.
01:01
So think about the same for pasta.
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืš ื’ื ืขืœ ืคืกื˜ื”:
01:03
Do you want it to be ribbed
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ื”ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืกืคืกืช?
01:05
or you want it to be smooth?
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ืื• ืชืจืฆื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืงื”?
01:07
The ribbed ones absorb the sauce better.
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ื”ืžื—ื•ืกืคืกื•ืช ืกื•ืคื’ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘.
01:09
Do you want them to be round
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ืชืจืฆื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื’ื•ืœื”?
01:11
or do you want them to be square?
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ืื• ืฉืžื ืชืจืฆื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ืขืช?
01:13
They have a different feel on the palate.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืš.
01:15
Everything is for a reason.
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื”.
01:17
In the amazing taxonomy of the pasta species,
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ื‘ื˜ืงืกื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื–ื ื™ ื”ืคืกื˜ื”,
01:20
there are many different ways to divide it,
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ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืื•ืชืŸ -
01:22
but one of the basic divisions is between fresh pasta and dry pasta.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืกื˜ื” ื˜ืจื™ื” ืœืคืกื˜ื” ื™ื‘ืฉื”:
01:27
Dry pasta is always durum wheat flour and water.
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ืคืกื˜ื” ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื™ื˜ืช ื“ื•ืจื•ื, ืงืžื— ื•ืžื™ื.
01:31
Fresh pasta could be either that
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ืคืกื˜ื” ื˜ืจื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืœื•,
01:34
or it could be flour and eggs.
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ืื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืงืžื— ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื.
01:37
Just think of having a dough
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืฆืง
01:39
that you can shape in any way you want.
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืชืจืฆื•.
01:41
I mean, really, wouldn't you go crazy?
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ื›ืื™ืœื•, ื‘ืืžืช - ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฉืชื’ืขื™ื?
01:43
So fresh and dry, but then, there's also long and short.
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ืื– ื˜ืจื™ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืงืฆืจื”.
01:47
And then within those families, there's even more diversity.
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ.
01:51
Let's talk about some really classical types of short pasta.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคืกื˜ื•ืช ืงืฆืจื•ืช.
01:55
Penne -- we all know them, right?
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ืคื ื” - ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:56
They are cut at a slanted angle,
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ื”ื ื—ืชื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืืœื›ืกื•ื ื™ืช,
01:59
perfect to pick up some of the sauce.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘.
02:01
"Farfalle" means "butterflies," or how do you call it here,
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"ืคืจืคืœื”" ื–ื” "ืคืจืคืจื™ื", ืื•, ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ื›ืืŸ?
02:04
bow ties, because they are, like, pinched in the middle.
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ืขื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืคืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื›ื–ื”, ืขื ืฆื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
02:08
"Orecchiette" means "little ears,"
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"ืื•ืจืงื™ื˜ื”" ื–ื” "ืื–ื ื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช",
02:10
and they're typical from Puglia, and they are delicious.
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ื”ื ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ื– ืคื•ืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
02:13
And "conquilla," shells, and of course, they look like shells.
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ื•"ืงื•ื ืงื™ืœื”" - ืฆื“ืคื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฆื“ืคื™ื.
02:16
They are ribbed, so they scoop up the sauce on the outside
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆืœืขื•ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™
02:20
and they are smooth on the inside.
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
02:22
Pasta is definitely gorgeous,
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ืคืกื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ืžืžืช,
02:24
but the form also is about how it touches the palate,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื’ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื—ื™ืš,
02:27
how it touches the tongue,
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ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ,
02:29
so it's never just about giving it a shape.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืจืง ืœืœืชืช ืœื” ืฆื•ืจื”.
02:32
When you hone one object across centuries,
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ื›ืฉืืชื "ืžืฉื—ื™ื–ื™ื" ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
02:37
standards become really, really high.
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ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ืžืžืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
02:39
Many so-called great designers failed miserably,
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ื—ืœื• ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ืฅ
02:43
because they tried to impose a shape onto pasta.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืกื˜ื”.
02:47
The great Philippe Starck tried mandala.
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ืคื™ืœื™ืค ืกื˜ืืจืง ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ ื ื™ืกื” ืžื ื“ืœื”.
02:50
Some parts of it, the walls, were very thick,
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ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ืคื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื• ืขื‘ื•ืช ืžืื“,
02:52
and the others were thinner,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ืงื™ื,
02:53
so when you would boil the pasta,
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืชื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืคืกื˜ื”,
02:55
some of it would be completely mushy
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ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ "ืžื•ืฉื™",
02:57
while part of it was too crunchy and uncooked.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืจืื ืฆ'ื™ ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง.
02:59
So really wrong, but they were not women from Bologna,
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ืื–, ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื•ื ื™ื”.
03:04
they were not chefs from Naples,
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉืคื™ื ืžื ืืคื•ืœื™,
03:07
they were not centuries of families of grandmothers
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื•ืช,
03:12
that were trying to improve on the thinness of the walls of the pasta.
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ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื“ืงื•ืช-ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื˜ื”.
03:18
There's no way to trace pasta back to one designer, one inventor,
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืกื˜ื” ืขื“ ืœืžืขืฆื‘ ืื—ื“, ืื• ืžืžืฆื™ื ืื—ื“,
03:24
and that's the beauty of it.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืคื” ื‘ื–ื”.
03:25
It belongs to the people.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
03:27
And if you think about it,
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ื•ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
03:28
this simple mixture of a carbohydrate and water
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ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžื™ืžื” ื•ืžื™ื
03:31
becomes the scaffold for a whole culture to be built.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืคื™ื’ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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