Eva Zeisel: The playful search for beauty

31,770 views ใƒป 2008-12-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Arava Raz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
So I understand that this meeting was planned,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ,
00:16
and the slogan was From Was to Still.
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ื•ื”ืกืœื•ื’ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
00:20
And I am illustrating Still.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
00:25
Which, of course, I am not agreeing with because,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืขื™ืžื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ,
00:29
although I am 94, I am not still working.
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืช 94, ืื ื™ ืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
00:33
And anybody who asks me, "Are you still doing this or that?"
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืื•ืชื™, "ืืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื–ื”?"
00:39
I don't answer because I'm not doing things still, I'm doing it like I always did.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ื ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื™ืชื™.
00:46
I still have -- or did I use the word still? I didn't mean that.
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” -- ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ? ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื–ื”.
00:52
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:56
I have my file which is called To Do. I have my plans.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช . ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
01:06
I have my clients. I am doing my work like I always did.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™. ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืขืฉื™ืชื™.
01:13
So this takes care of my age.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื™.
01:18
I want to show you my work so you know what I am doing and why I am here.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื•ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ.
01:25
This was about 1925.
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘1925.
01:30
All of these things were made during the last 75 years.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื• ื‘75 ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
01:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:47
But, of course, I'm working since 25,
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ืื‘ืœ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืžื’ื™ืœ 25,
01:50
doing more or less what you see here. This is Castleton China.
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ืขื•ืฉื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ. ื–ื• ื—ืจืกื™ื ืช ืงืกืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
01:55
This was an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
02:01
This is now for sale at the Metropolitan Museum.
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ื–ื” ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืŸ.
02:05
This is still at the Metropolitan Museum now for sale.
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ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืŸ.
02:11
This is a portrait of my daughter and myself.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืฉืœื™.
02:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:26
These were just some of the things I've made.
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ืืœื• ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™.
02:30
I made hundreds of them for the last 75 years.
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ืช ืžื”ื ื‘75 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
02:35
I call myself a maker of things.
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ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจืืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:39
I don't call myself an industrial designer because I'm other things.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืงื•ืจืืช ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:47
Industrial designers want to make novel things.
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ืžืขืฆื‘ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ื™ืฉื™ื.
02:52
Novelty is a concept of commerce, not an aesthetic concept.
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืกื—ืจ, ืœื ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืืกืชื˜ื™.
03:01
The industrial design magazine, I believe, is called "Innovation."
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ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืงืจื, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”, "ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช".
03:09
Innovation is not part of the aim of my work.
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
03:19
Well, makers of things: they make things more beautiful, more elegant,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืคื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื,
03:27
more comfortable than just the craftsmen do.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื”.
03:32
I have so much to say. I have to think what I am going to say.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœื•ืžืจ. ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“.
03:37
Well, to describe our profession otherwise,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืื—ืจืช,
03:41
we are actually concerned with the playful search for beauty.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™.
03:48
That means the playful search for beauty was called the first activity of Man.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื ืงืจื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื.
03:57
Sarah Smith, who was a mathematics professor at MIT, wrote,
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ืฉืจื” ืกืžื™ืช', ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘MIT, ื›ืชื‘ื”,
04:03
"The playful search for beauty was Man's first activity --
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"ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื --
04:10
that all useful qualities and all material qualities
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช
04:16
were developed from the playful search for beauty."
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืคื™."
04:22
These are tiles. The word, "playful" is a necessary aspect of our work
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช. ื”ืžื™ืœื”, "ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™" ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืœื” ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•
04:29
because, actually, one of our problems is that we have to make,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ,ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
04:38
produce, lovely things throughout all of life, and this for me is now 75 years.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” 75 ืฉื ื™ื.
04:51
So how can you, without drying up,
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ,
04:54
make things with the same pleasure, as a gift to others, for so long?
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ืื”, ื›ืžื• ืžืชื ื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ?
05:03
The playful is therefore an important part of our quality as designer.
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ืœืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื›ืš ื—ืœืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื.
05:16
Let me tell you some about my life.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™.
05:21
As I said, I started to do these things 75 years ago.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ 75 ืฉื ื”.
05:29
My first exhibition in the United States
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ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘
05:34
was at the Sesquicentennial exhibition in 1926 --
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ Sesquicentennial ื‘1926 --
05:39
that the Hungarian government sent one of my hand-drawn pieces as part of the exhibit.
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ื›ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช ืฉืœื—ื” ืืช ืื—ืช ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื”.
05:57
My work actually took me through many countries,
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
06:05
and showed me a great part of the world.
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ื•ื”ืจืืชื” ืœื™ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื.
06:08
This is not that they took me -- the work didn't take me --
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ -- ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ --
06:12
I made the things particularly because I wanted to use them to see the world.
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ืื ื™ ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:20
I was incredibly curious to see the world, and I made all these things,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืกืงืจื ื™ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
06:28
which then finally did take me to see many countries and many cultures.
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ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื›ืŸ ืœืงื—ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:35
I started as an apprentice to a Hungarian craftsman,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืžืืกื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™,
06:46
and this taught me what the guild system was in Middle Ages.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.
06:54
The guild system: that means when I was an apprentice,
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ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื“ื”: ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื”
06:59
I had to apprentice myself in order to become a pottery master.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื”ืคืš ืœืžืืกื˜ืจื™ืช ื‘ืงื“ืจื•ืช.
07:08
In my shop where I studied, or learned, there was a traditional hierarchy
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ื‘ืกื“ื ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉื ืœืžื“ืชื™, ืื• ื”ืฉื›ืœืชื™, ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช
07:21
of master, journeyman and learned worker, and apprentice,
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ืฉืœ ืžืืกื˜ืจ, ื‘ืขืœ ืžืœืื›ื” ื•ืกื˜ืื–'ืจ, ื•ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื”,
07:28
and I worked as the apprentice.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื”.
07:33
The work as an apprentice was very primitive.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
07:40
That means I had to actually learn every aspect of making pottery by hand.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืคืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืงื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“.
07:49
We mashed the clay with our feet when it came from the hillside.
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ืžืขื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžืจ ืขื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™.
08:02
After that, it had to be kneaded. It had to then go in, kind of, a mangle.
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ, ืžืขื’ื™ืœื” (ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืกื—ื™ื˜ื”).
08:07
And then finally it was prepared for the throwing.
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ื•ืื– ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
08:15
And there I really worked as an apprentice.
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ื•ืฉื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื”.
08:19
My master took me to set ovens
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ื”ืžืืกื˜ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืœืงื— ืื•ืชื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืจื™ื
08:24
because this was part of oven-making, oven-setting, in the time.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื”ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื ืช ืชื ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
08:32
And finally, I had received a document
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืžืš
08:37
that I had accomplished my apprenticeship successfully,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”,
08:43
that I had behaved morally, and this document was given to me
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ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืกืžืš ื”ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™
08:50
by the Guild of Roof-Coverers, Rail-Diggers, Oven-Setters,
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ืข"ื™ ื’ื™ืœื“ืช ืขื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื’ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืคืจื™ ื”ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช, ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืจื™ื,
08:57
Chimney Sweeps and Potters.
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ืžื ืงื™ ื”ืืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื“ืจื™ื.
09:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:04
I also got at the time a workbook which explained my rights
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ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™
09:10
and my working conditions, and I still have that workbook.
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ื•ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”.
09:16
First I set up a shop in my own garden,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืคืชื—ืชื™ ืกื“ื ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™,
09:21
and made pottery which I sold on the marketplace in Budapest.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืงื“ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ืจืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜.
09:27
And there I was sitting, and my then-boyfriend --
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื™, ื•ืื– ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™--
09:34
I didn't mean it was a boyfriend like it is meant today --
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ืœื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ื™ื•ื --
09:38
but my boyfriend and I sat at the market and sold the pots.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื•ืžื›ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจื™ื.
09:43
My mother thought that this was not very proper,
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ืื™ืžื ืฉืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื’ื•ืŸ,
09:46
so she sat with us to add propriety to this activity.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืชื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
09:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:58
However, after a while there was a new factory being built in Budapest,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื—ืจื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื ื‘ื ื” ืžืคืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ืคืฉื˜,
10:04
a pottery factory, a large one.
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ืžืคืขืœ ืงื“ืจื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
10:07
And I visited it with several ladies, and asked all sorts of questions of the director.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ืขื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœ.
10:14
Then the director asked me, why do you ask all these questions?
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ืื– ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™, ืœืžื” ืืช ืฉื•ืืœืช ืื•ืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
10:18
I said, I also have a pottery.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, ื’ื ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื“ื ื ืœืงื“ืจื•ืช.
10:22
So he asked me, could he please visit me, and then finally he did,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื™, ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื™, ื•ืื– ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื,
10:27
and explained to me that what I did now in my shop was an anachronism,
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกื“ื ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ,
10:33
that the industrial revolution had broken out,
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ืฉื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืคืจืฆื”,
10:36
and that I rather should join the factory.
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ื•ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืคืขืœ.
10:39
There he made an art department for me where I worked for several months.
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ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืคืชื— ืžื—ืœืงืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
10:45
However, everybody in the factory spent his time at the art department.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
10:53
The director there said there were several women casting
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ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืื– ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืงื•ืช
11:02
and producing my designs now in molds, and this was sold also to America.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”.
11:10
I remember that it was quite successful.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจืช ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื.
11:14
However, the director, the chemist, model maker -- everybody --
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžื ื”ืœ, ื”ื›ื™ืžืื™, ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื -ื›ื•ืœื -
11:21
concerned himself much more with the art department --
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ื“ืื’ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช-
11:25
that means, with my work -- than making toilets,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ - ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื ืช ืืกืœื•ืช,
11:29
so finally they got a letter from the center, from the bank who owned the factory,
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ืžืจื›ื–, ืžื”ื‘ื ืง ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ,
11:37
saying, make toilet-setting behind the art department, and that was my end.
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ, ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืืกืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™.
11:43
So this gave me the possibility because now I was a journeyman,
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืœืื›ื”,
11:47
and journeymen also take their satchel and go to see the world.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื™ืง ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:53
So as a journeyman, I put an ad into the paper that I had studied,
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืช ืžืœืื›ื”, ืฉืžืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™,
11:59
that I was a down-to-earth potter's journeyman
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ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืงื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืื“ืžื”
12:03
and I was looking for a job as a journeyman.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืœืื›ื”.
12:06
And I got several answers, and I accepted the one
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ
12:11
which was farthest from home and practically, I thought, halfway to America.
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ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื™ ืจื—ื•ืงื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“, ื›ืš ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื—ืฆื™ ื“ืจืš ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”.
12:17
And that was in Hamburg.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’.
12:20
Then I first took this job in Hamburg, at an art pottery
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ื›ืš ืœืงื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื’, ื‘ืงื“ืจื•ืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช
12:28
where everything was done on the wheel,
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ืฉื ื”ื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื,
12:31
and so I worked in a shop where there were several potters.
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ื•ื›ืš ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืกื“ื ื ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืงื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืœืื›ื”.
12:38
And the first day, I was coming to take my place at the turntable --
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-
12:48
there were three or four turntables -- and one of them, behind where I was sitting,
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ืื—ื“ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื• ืืจื‘ืขื” -- ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™,
12:57
was a hunchback, a deaf-mute hunchback, who smelled very bad.
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ื”ื™ื” ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ, ื’ื™ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ืจืฉ-ืื™ืœื, ืฉื”ืจื™ื— ื ื•ืจืื™.
13:04
So I doused him in cologne every day, which he thought was very nice,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื˜ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ื—ืžื“,
13:11
and therefore he brought bread and butter every day,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ ืœื—ื ื•ื—ืžืื” ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื,
13:16
which I had to eat out of courtesy.
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ืฉื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
13:19
The first day I came to work in this shop
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช
13:23
there was on my wheel a surprise for me.
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ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืคืชืขื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
13:30
My colleagues had thoughtfully put on the wheel where I was supposed to work
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ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
13:42
a very nicely modeled natural man's organs.
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉ ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™.
13:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:54
After I brushed them off with a hand motion, they were very --
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ืคื ืคืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื™ื“, ื”ื ื”ื™ื•--
13:59
I finally was now accepted, and worked there for some six months.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœืชื™, ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
14:06
This was my first job.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
14:11
If I go on like this, you will be here till midnight.
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ืื ืื ื™ ืืžืฉื™ืš ื›ื›ื”, ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ืคื” ืขื“ ื—ืฆื•ืช.
14:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:21
So I will try speed it up a little
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืงืฆืช ืœื–ืจื– ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
14:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:26
Moderator: Eva, we have about five minutes.
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ืžื ื—ื”: ืื•ื•ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ื“ 5 ื“ืงื•ืช.
14:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:33
Eva Zeisel: Are you sure?
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ืื•ื•ื” ื–ื™ืกืœ: ืืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—?
14:36
Moderator: Yes, I am sure.
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ืžื ื—ื”: ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—.
14:39
EZ: Well, if you are sure,
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ืื•ื•ื” ื–ื™ืกืœ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืืชื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
14:41
I have to tell you that within five minutes I will talk very fast.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš 5 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ.
14:46
And actually, my work took me to many countries
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืงื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืืจืฆื•ืช
14:54
because I used my work to fill my curiosity.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
14:59
And among other things, other countries I worked, was in the Soviet Union,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื—ืช ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช,
15:06
where I worked from '32 to '37 -- actually, to '36.
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ืฉื ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 32' ืขื“ 37' , ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื“ 36'.
15:14
I was finally there, although I had nothing to do -- I was a foreign expert.
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืฉื ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช -- ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ื—ื•ืฅ.
15:20
I became art director of the china and glass industry,
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืžื ื”ืœืช ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืจืกื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช,
15:23
and eventually under Stalin's purges -- at the beginning of Stalin's purges,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชื—ืช ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืœื™ืŸ- ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืœื™ืŸ,
15:34
I didn't know that hundreds of thousands of innocent people were arrested.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข ื™ืขืฆืจื•.
15:40
So I was arrested quite early in Stalin's purges,
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ื›ืš ืื ื™ ื ืขืฆืจืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืœื™ืŸ,
15:45
and spent 16 months in a Russian prison.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื™ 16 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืœื ืจื•ืกื™.
15:53
The accusation was that I had successfully prepared an Attentat on Stalin's life.
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ื”ืื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื›ื ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ืŸ.
16:01
This was a very dangerous accusation.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ.
16:07
And if this is the end of my five minutes, I want to tell you that
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืœ 5 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
16:14
I actually did survive, which was a surprise.
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืชืขื”.
16:21
But since I survived and I'm here,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืจื“ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ,
16:24
and since this is the end of the five minutes, I will --
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ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื–ื” ืกื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื™, ืื ื™--
16:28
Moderator: Tell me when your last trip to Russia was.
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ืžื ื—ื”: ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš ืœืจื•ืกื™ื”.
16:30
Weren't you there recently?
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”?
16:32
EZ: Oh, this summer, in fact,
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ืื•ื•ื” ื–ื™ืžืจ: ืื”, ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื”, ืœืžืขืฉื”,
16:35
the Lomonosov factory was bought by an American company, invited me.
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ืžืคืขืœ ืœื•ืžื•ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ ื ืงื ื” ืข"ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™.
16:47
They found out that I had worked in '33 at this factory,
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ื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘33'.
16:51
and they came to my studio in Rockland County,
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ืื• ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืจื•ืงืœื ื“,
16:58
and brought the 15 of their artists to visit me here.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• 15 ืžื”ืืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉื.
17:04
And they invited myself to come to the Russian factory last summer,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืขื‘ืจ,
17:10
in July, to make some dishes, design some dishes.
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ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื›ืœื™ื, ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ื.
17:15
And since I don't like to travel alone, they also invited my daughter,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื ื’ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœื™,
17:23
son-in-law and granddaughter,
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ืืช ื”ื—ืชืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ื ื›ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
17:25
so we had a lovely trip to see Russia today,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื ืคืœื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืจื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื,
17:30
which is not a very pleasant and happy view.
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ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืœื‘ื‘ ื•ื™ืคื”.
17:35
Here I am now, if this is the end? Thank you.
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ื”ื ื” ืื ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื–ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ? ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
17:40
(Applause)
175
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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