Ethan Zuckerman: How to listen to global voices

59,058 views ใƒป 2010-07-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Noa Yehiel ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I'm an American, which means, generally,
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ืื ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™, ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
00:18
I ignore football unless it involves
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชืขืœื ืžืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ
00:20
guys my size or Bruno's size
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ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœื™ ืื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื•ื ื•
00:22
running into each other at extremely high speeds.
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ืฉื ืชืงืœื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
00:25
That said, it's been really hard
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื ืืžืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”
00:27
to ignore football
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ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ
00:29
for the last couple of weeks.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื.
00:31
I go onto Twitter, there are all these strange words that I've never heard before:
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ืื ื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™:
00:34
FIFA, vuvuzela,
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ืคื™ืคื”, ื•ื•ื•ื•ื–ืœื”,
00:36
weird jokes about octopi.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืžื ื•ื ื™ื.
00:38
But the one that's really been sort of stressing me out,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ ื”ืœื—ื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื™,
00:40
that I haven't been able to figure out,
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ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืคืขื ื—,
00:42
is this phrase "Cala a boca, Galvao."
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื–ื”: "ืงืœื” ืื” ื‘ื•ืงื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•".
00:44
If you've gone onto Twitter in the last couple of weeks,
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ืื ื ื›ื ืกืชื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
00:46
you've probably seen this.
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ื‘ื˜ื— ืจืื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื”.
00:48
It's been a major trending topic.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืžื’ืžืชื™ ืขื ืง.
00:50
Being a monolingual American, I obviously don't know what the phrase means.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืฉืคื” ืื—ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
00:53
So I went onto Twitter,
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ืื– ื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
00:55
and I asked some people if they could explain to me "Cala a boca, Galvao."
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ื–ื” "ืงืœื” ืื” ื‘ื•ืงื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•".
00:58
And fortunately, my Brazilian friends
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ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื
01:00
were more than ready to help.
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ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ.
01:02
They explained that the Galvao bird
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ื”ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•
01:05
is a rare and endangered parrot
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื™ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”
01:07
that's in terrible, terrible danger.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช.
01:09
In fact, I'll let them tell you a bit more about it.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงืฆืช.
01:11
Narrator: A word about Galvao, a very rare kind of bird
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ: ืžื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•, ื–ืŸ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื“ื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“.
01:14
native to Brazil.
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ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
01:16
Every year, more than 300,000 Galvao birds
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืœืžืขืœื” ืž300,000 ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•
01:19
are killed during Carnival parades.
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ื ื”ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฆืขื“ ื”ืงืจื ื‘ืœ.
01:21
Ethan Zuckerman: Obviously, this is a tragic situation,
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ืื™ืช'ืŸ ืฆื•ืงืจืžืŸ: ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ืจืื’ื™,
01:23
and it actually gets worse.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
01:25
It turns out that, not only is the Galvao parrot
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืชื•ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•
01:27
very attractive, useful for headdresses,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ืื”, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ืจืืฉ,
01:30
it evidently has certain hallucinogenic properties,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช,
01:33
which means that there's a terrible problem
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช
01:35
with Galvao abuse.
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ืขื ื”ืชืขืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•.
01:37
Some sick and twisted people have found themselves snorting Galvao.
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ื•ืชื™ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•.
01:40
And it's terribly endangered.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช.
01:42
The good news about this is that the global community --
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช --
01:44
again, my Brazilian friends tell me --
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืš ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื™ --
01:46
is pitching in to help out.
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ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ื™ื“ ืœืขื–ืจื”.
01:48
It turns out that Lady Gaga
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืื’ื
01:50
has released a new single --
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ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืกื™ื ื’ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ --
01:52
actually five or six new singles, as near as I can tell --
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื• ืฉื™ืฉื” ืกื™ื ื’ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื™ --
01:55
titled "Cala a boca, Galvao."
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ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืชื "ืงืœื” ืื” ื‘ื•ืงื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•".
01:57
And my Brazilian friends tell me that
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ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื™
01:59
if I just tweet the phrase "Cala a boca, Galvao,"
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ืฉืื ืจืง ืืคืจืกื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ "ืงืœื” ืื” ื‘ื•ืงื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•",
02:01
10 cents will be given
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10 ืกื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ืชืจืžื•
02:03
to a global campaign
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ืœืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžื™
02:05
to save this rare and beautiful bird.
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ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
02:08
Now, most of you have figured out that this was a prank,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืฉื–ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชื™ื—ื”,
02:10
and actually a very, very good one.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืชื™ื—ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“.
02:12
"Cala a boca, Galvao" actually means something very different.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืงืœื” ืื” ื‘ื•ืงื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•" ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
02:14
In Portugese, it means "Shut your mouth, Galvao."
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ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ื–ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื "ืชืกืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืคื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•".
02:17
And it specifically refers to this guy, Galvao Bueno,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื• ื‘ื•ื•ืื ื•,
02:20
who's the lead soccer commentator
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืจืฉืŸ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ
02:22
for Rede Globo.
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ืฉืœ "ืจื“ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•"
02:24
And what I understand from my Brazilian friends
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื
02:26
is that this guy is just a cliche machine.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืงืœื™ืฉืื•ืช.
02:29
He can ruin the most interesting match
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
02:32
by just spouting cliche again and again and again.
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ืข"ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืงืœื™ืฉืื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
02:34
So Brazilians went to that first match
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ืื– ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
02:36
against North Korea,
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ื ื’ื“ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
02:38
put up this banner, started a Twitter campaign
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ืฉืžื• ืืช ื”ื›ืจื–ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ
02:40
and tried to convince the rest of us
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ื•ื ื™ืกื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•
02:42
to tweet the phrase: "Cala a boca, Galvao."
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ืœืคืจืกื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™: "ืงืœื” ืื” ื‘ื•ืงื”, ื’ืœื•ื•ืื•".
02:44
And in fact, were so successful at this
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš
02:47
that it topped Twitter for two weeks.
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
02:49
Now there's a couple --
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” --
02:51
there's a couple of lessons that you can take from this.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืœืงื—ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื–ื”.
02:54
And the first lesson, which I think is a worthwhile one,
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ื•ื”ืœืงื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
02:57
is that you cannot go wrong
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช
02:59
asking people to be active online,
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ื‘ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช,
03:01
so long as activism just means retweeting a phrase.
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืจืง ืœืคืจืกื ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ.
03:04
So as long as activism is that simple,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื–ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜,
03:06
it's pretty easy to get away with.
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ื“ื™ ืงืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
03:08
The other thing you can take from this, by the way,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื–ื”, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
03:10
is that there are a lot of Brazilians on Twitter.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ.
03:13
There's more than five million of them.
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ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ.
03:15
As far as national representation,
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืืจืฆื™,
03:17
11 percent of Brazilian internet users are on Twitter.
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11 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื’ื•ืœืฉื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ.
03:20
That's a much higher number than in the U.S. or U.K.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
03:23
Next to Japan,
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ืœืฆื“ ื™ืคืŸ,
03:25
it's the second most represented by population.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืข"ื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
03:28
Now if you're using Twitter or other social networks,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
03:30
and you didn't realize
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ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื
03:32
this was a space with a lot of Brazilians in it,
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื,
03:34
you're like most of us.
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ืืชื ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื ื•.
03:36
Because what happens on a social network
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ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
03:38
is you interact with the people
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ื–ื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
03:40
that you have chosen to interact with.
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ืฉื‘ื—ืจืช ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื™ืชื.
03:42
And if you are like me, a big, geeky, white, American guy,
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื‘ืŸ,
03:45
you tend to interact with a lot of other geeky, white, American guys.
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ืืชื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
03:48
And you don't necessarily have the sense
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื”
03:50
that Twitter is in fact a very heavily Brazilian space.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:52
It's also extremely surprising to many Americans,
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
03:55
a heavily African-American space.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:58
Twitter recently did some research.
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ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ืขืฉื• ืžื—ืงืจ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
04:00
They looked at their local population.
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ื”ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
04:02
They believe that 24 percent
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ื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉ24 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื
04:04
of American Twitter users are African-American.
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ืžืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื.
04:06
That's about twice as high as African-Americans
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ื–ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื
04:08
are represented in the population.
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ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”.
04:10
And again, that was very shocking to many Twitter users,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื“ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
04:12
but it shouldn't be.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื.
04:14
And the reason it shouldn't be is that on any day
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื
04:16
you can go into Trending Topics.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
04:18
And you tend to find topics
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ื•ืืชื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื
04:20
that are almost entirely African-American conversations.
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ืฉื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืคืจื•-ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช.
04:24
This was a visualization done by Fernando Viegas
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ื–ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืข"ื™ ืคืจื ื ื“ื• ื•ื™ื’ืืก
04:26
and Martin Wattenberg,
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ื•ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’,
04:28
two amazing visualization designers,
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ืฉื ื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
04:30
who looked at
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ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ
04:32
a weekend's worth of Twitter traffic
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ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืค"ืฉ ืื—ื“
04:34
and essentially found that a lot of these trending topics
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ืœืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:36
were basically segregated conversations --
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ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื“ื•ืช --
04:39
and in ways that you wouldn't expect.
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื.
04:41
It turns out that oil spill is a mostly white conversation,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื”,
04:44
that cookout
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ืฉืคื™ืงื ื™ืง
04:46
is a mostly black conversation.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื”.
04:48
And what's crazy about this is that
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืคื” ื”ื•ื
04:50
if you wanted to mix up who you were seeing on Twitter,
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ืฉืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžื–ื’ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
04:53
it's literally a quick click away.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืงืฆืจื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•.
04:56
You click on that cookout tag, there an entirely different conversation
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ืืชื” ืœื•ื—ืฅ ืขืœ ืชื’ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื ื™ืง, ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™
04:58
with different people participating in it.
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ืฉืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
05:01
But generally speaking, most of us don't.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
05:03
We end up within these filter bubbles, as my friend Eli Pariser calls them,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš "ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืกื ืŸ", ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืืœื™ ืคืจื™ืกืจ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ื,
05:06
where we see the people we already know
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ืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื
05:08
and the people who are similar to the people we already know.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
05:11
And we tend not to see that wider picture.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:14
Now for me, I'm surprised by this,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืื ื™ ืžื•ืคืชืข ืžื–ื”,
05:17
because this wasn't how the internet was supposed to be.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื›ื›ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
05:20
If you go back into the early days of the internet,
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ืื ืชื—ื–ืจื• ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
05:22
when cyber-utopians like Nick Negroponte
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืง ื ื’ืจื•ืคื•ื ื˜ื”
05:25
were writing big books like "Being Digital,"
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ื›ืชื‘ื• ืกืคืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• "ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™",
05:27
the prediction was that the internet
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ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
05:29
was going to be an incredibly powerful force
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื
05:31
to smooth out cultural differences,
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
05:34
to put us all on a common field of one fashion or another.
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ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
05:37
Negroponte started his book with a story
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ื ื’ืจื•ืคื•ื ื˜ื” ืคืชื— ืืช ืกืคืจื• ืขื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
05:40
about how hard it is to build connections
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ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื
05:42
in the world of atoms.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื.
05:44
He's at a technology conference in Florida.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื ืก ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”
05:46
And he's looking at something really, truly absurd,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื’ื•ื—ืš ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ื,
05:49
which is bottles of Evian water on the table.
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ "ืื•ื•ื™ืืŸ" ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
05:52
And Negroponte says this is crazy.
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ื•ื ื’ืจื•ืคื•ื ื˜ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
05:54
This is the old economy.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื”.
05:56
It's the economy of moving these
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืžื ื™ืขื” ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื
05:58
heavy, slow atoms over long distances that's very difficult to do.
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ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืชื•.
06:01
We're heading to the future of bits,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื,
06:03
where everything is speedy, it's weightless.
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ืฉื ื”ื›ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืงืœ.
06:05
It can be anywhere in the world at any time.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช.
06:07
And it's going to change the world as we know it.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
06:10
Now, Negroponte has been right about a lot of things.
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ื ื’ืจืคื•ื ื˜ื” ืฆื“ืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
06:12
He's totally wrong about this one.
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
06:14
It turns out that in many cases
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื™ื
06:16
atoms are much more mobile than bits.
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ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื.
06:19
If I walk into a store in the United States,
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ืื ืื ื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
06:21
it's very, very easy for me to buy water
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ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ ืœื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื™ื
06:24
that's bottled in Fiji,
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ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ืกื• ืœื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’'ื™,
06:26
shipped at great expense to the United States.
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ื•ื ืฉืœื—ื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
06:28
It's actually surprisingly hard
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื
06:31
for me to see a Fijian feature film.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ ืคื™ื’'ื™ืื ื™.
06:33
It's really difficult for me to listen to Fijian music.
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ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ืคื™ื’'ื™ืื ื™ืช ื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
06:36
It's extremely difficult for me to get Fijian news,
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ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืคื™ื’'ื™ืื ื™ื•ืช,
06:39
which is strange, because actually there's an enormous amount going on in Fiji.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื’'ื™.
06:42
There's a coup government. There's a military government.
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ื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ืคื™ื›ื”. ื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฆื‘ืื™ืช.
06:44
There's crackdowns on the press.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
06:46
It's actually a place that we probably should
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืงื•ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื•
06:48
be paying attention to at the moment.
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ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื• ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:50
Here's what I think is going on.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืชื™.
06:52
I think that we tend to look a lot
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื”
06:54
at the infrastructure
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ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช
06:56
of globalization.
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ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
06:58
We look at the framework that makes it possible
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช
07:00
to live in this connected world.
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”.
07:02
And that's a framework that includes things like airline routes.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื›ื•ืœืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช.
07:05
It includes things like the Internet cables.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
07:07
We look at a map like this one,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืคื” ื›ืžื• ื–ืืช,
07:09
and it looks like the entire world is flat
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ื•ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื˜ื•ื—
07:12
because everything is a hop or two away.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
07:14
You can get on a flight in London,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ,
07:16
you can end up in Bangalore later today.
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื•ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:18
Two hops, you're in Suva, the capitol of Fiji.
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ืฉืชื™ ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืกื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืจืช ืคื™ื’'ื™.
07:20
It's all right there.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ืš.
07:22
When you start looking at what actually
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช
07:24
flows on top of these networks,
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ื–ื•ืจื ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
07:26
you get a very different picture.
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ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“.
07:28
You start looking at how
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ืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื™ืš
07:30
the global plane flights move,
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ื”ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื ืขื•ืช,
07:32
and you suddenly discover that the world isn't even close to flat.
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ืืชื” ืžื’ืœื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—.
07:34
It's extremely lumpy.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืœื ื’ื•ืฉื™ื.
07:36
There are parts of the world that are very, very well connected.
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
07:38
There's basically a giant pathway in the sky
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืขื ืงื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื™ื
07:40
between London and New York.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
07:42
but look at this map, and you can watch this
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื”
07:44
for, you know, two or three minutes.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš, ื ื’ื™ื“, ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช.
07:46
You won't see very many planes
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ืœื ืชืจืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
07:48
go from South America to Africa.
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ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœืืคืจื™ืงื”.
07:50
And you'll discover that there are parts of the globe
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ื•ืชื’ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื—ืœืงื™ื
07:52
that are systematically cut off.
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ืฉื”ื ืžื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™.
07:54
When we stop looking at the infrastructure that makes connection possible,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
07:57
and we look at what actually happens,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ,
08:00
we start realizing that the world doesn't work quite the same way
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
08:02
that we think it does.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ.
08:04
So here's the problem that I've been interested in
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื™
08:06
in the last decade or so.
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ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:09
The world is, in fact, getting more global.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื›ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:11
It's getting more connected.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:13
More of problems are global in scale.
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™.
08:15
More of our economics is global in scale.
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™.
08:17
And our media is less global by the day.
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ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ื.
08:20
If you watched a television broadcast in the United States in the 1970s,
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ืื ืฆืคื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”70,
08:23
35 to 40 percent of it would have been international news
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35 ืขื“ 40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช
08:26
on a nightly new broadcast.
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ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘.
08:28
That's down to about 12 to 15 percent.
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ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื“ื” ืœ 12 ืขื“ 15 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
08:31
And this tends to give us a very distorted view of the world.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืžืกื•ืœืคืช ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:34
Here's a slide that Alisa Miller showed at a previous TED Talk.
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ื–ืืช ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืืœื™ืกื” ืžื™ืœืจ ื”ืจืืชื” ื‘ื”ืจืฆืื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ื˜ื“.
08:37
Alisa's the president of Public Radio International.
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ืืœื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื ื ืฉื™ืืช "ืคืื‘ืœื™ืง ืจื“ื™ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ".
08:40
And she made a cartogram, which is basically a distorted map
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืงืจื˜ื•ื’ืจืžื”, ืฉื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ืืช ืžืคื” ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช
08:43
based on what American
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืžื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช
08:45
television news casts
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ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช
08:47
looked at for a month.
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ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
08:49
And you see that when you distort a map based on attention,
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ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืขื•ื•ืช ืžืคื” ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘,
08:52
the world within American television news
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช
08:54
is basically reduced to
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ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืœื›ื“ื™
08:56
this giant bloated U.S.
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ืžื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžื ื•ืคื—ืช ื•ืขื ืงื™ืช.
08:58
and a couple of other countries which we've invaded.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืคืœืฉื ื• ืืœื™ื”ืŸ.
09:00
And that's basically what our media is about.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ.
09:03
And before you conclude that this is just a function of American TV news --
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื–ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช --
09:06
which is dreadful, and I agree that it's dreadful --
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื” --
09:09
I've been mapping elite media like the New York Times,
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืคื” ื›ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก,
09:11
and I get the same thing.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:13
When you look at the New York Times, you look at other elite media,
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
09:15
what you largely get are pictures of very wealthy nations
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“
09:18
and the nations we've invaded.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืคืœืฉื ื• ืืœื™ื”ืŸ.
09:20
It turns out that new media
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
09:22
isn't necessarily helping us all that much.
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ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”.
09:24
Here's a map made by Mark Graham
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ื–ืืช ืžืคื” ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืžืืจืง ื’ืจืื”ื
09:26
who's down the street at the Oxford Internet Institute.
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“.
09:28
A this is a map of articles in Wikipedia
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ื•ื–ืืช ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”
09:30
that have been geo-coded.
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ืฉืงื•ื“ื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
09:32
And you'll notice that there's a very heavy bias
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ื•ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
09:34
towards North America and Western Europe.
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ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
09:37
Even within Wikipedias,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืช,
09:39
where we're creating their own content online,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ,
09:41
there's a heavy bias towards the place where
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ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื
09:43
a lot of the Wikipedia authors are based,
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื,
09:45
rather than to the rest of the world.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
09:47
In the U.K., you can get up,
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื,
09:49
you can pick up your computer when you get out of this session,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ื›ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื”,
09:51
you could read a newspaper from India or from Australia,
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ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ื ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ืื• ืžืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
09:53
from Canada, God forbid from the U.S.
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ืžืงื ื“ื”, ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืžืืจื”"ื‘.
09:56
You probably won't.
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
09:58
If you look at online media consumption --
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ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ --
10:00
in this case, in the top 10 users of the internet --
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืขืฉืจืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื --
10:03
more than 95 percent of the news readership
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืž95 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืงื”ืœ ืงื•ืจืื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื
10:05
is on domestic news sites.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ื.
10:07
It's one of these rare cases where the U.S. is actually slightly better than [the U.K.],
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงื ื“ื”,
10:10
because we actually like reading your media,
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ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
10:12
rather than vice versa.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื”ื™ืคืš.
10:14
So all of this starts leading me
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™
10:16
to think that we're in a state that I refer to
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื•
10:18
as imaginary cosmopolitanism.
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ืงื•ืกืžื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช.
10:20
We look at the internet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
10:22
We think we're getting this wide view of the globe.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:25
We occasionally stumble onto a page in Chinese,
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ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช,
10:27
and we decide that we do in fact have the greatest technology ever built
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:30
to connect us to the rest of the world.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
10:32
And we forget that most of the time
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื›ื—ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
10:34
we're checking Boston Red Sox scores.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืจื“ ืกื•ืงืก.
10:37
So this is a real problem --
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ืื– ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช --
10:39
not just because the Red Sox are having a bad year --
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ืืช ืฉื ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืจื“ ืกื•ืงืก --
10:42
but it's a real problem because,
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ืืœื ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ
10:44
as we're discussing here at TED,
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ืฉื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื ื™ื ืคื” ื‘ื˜ื“,
10:46
the real problems in the world
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:48
the interesting problems to solve
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคืชื•ืจ
10:50
are global in scale and scope,
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื,
10:52
they require global conversations
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ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช
10:54
to get to global solutions.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื.
10:56
This is a problem we have to solve.
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ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ.
10:58
So here's the good news.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
11:00
For six years, I've been hanging out with these guys.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื”.
11:02
This is a group called Global Voices.
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ื–ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื".
11:04
This is a team of bloggers from around the world.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:06
Our mission was to fix the world's media.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
11:09
We started in 2004.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ 2004.
11:11
You might have noticed, we haven't done all that well so far.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”.
11:13
Nor do I think we are by ourselves,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
11:15
actually going to solve the problem.
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื•.
11:17
But the more that I think about it, the more that I think
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:19
that a few things that we have learned along the way
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ืฉื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš,
11:22
are interesting lessons for how we would rewire
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ื”ื ืœืงื—ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
11:25
if we we wanted to use the web to have a wider world.
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:28
The first thing you have to consider
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
11:30
is that there are parts of the world
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
11:32
that are dark spots in terms of attention.
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ืฉื”ื "ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช" ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
11:34
In this case -- the map of the world at night by NASA --
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” -- ืžืคืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžืืช ื ืืก"ื --
11:37
they're dark literally because of lack of electricity.
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขื“ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
11:40
And I used to think that a dark spot on this map
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ื•ืคืขื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช
11:42
basically meant you're not going to get media from there
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ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืฉื ืžื“ื™ื”
11:44
because there are more basic needs.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:46
What I'm starting to realize is that
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื”
11:48
you can get media, it's just an enormous amount of work,
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื“ื™ื”, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
11:51
and you need an enormous amount of encouragement.
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ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“.
11:53
One of those dark spots is Madagascar,
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ,
11:55
a country which is generally better known for the Dreamworks film
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ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื“"ื› ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืจืงืก
11:58
than it is actually known for
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ืžืืฉืจ
12:00
the lovely people who live there.
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ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื.
12:02
And so the people who founded
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื•
12:04
Foko Club in Madagascar
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ืืช ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืงื• ื‘ืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ
12:06
weren't actually concerned with trying to change the image of their country.
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ืœื ื“ืื’ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
12:09
They were doing something much simpler.
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ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
12:11
It was a club to learn English
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
12:13
and to learn computers and the internet.
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ื•ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
12:15
but what happened was that Madagascar
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื–ื” ืฉืžื“ื’ืกืงืจ
12:18
went through a violent coup.
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ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืืœื™ืžื”.
12:20
Most independent media was shut down.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืชื”.
12:22
And the high school students
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ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
12:24
who were learning to blog through Foko Club
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ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืงื•
12:26
suddenly found themselves talking to an international audience
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ืคืชืื•ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืงื”ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
12:28
about the demonstrations, the violence,
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
12:30
everything that was going on within this country.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
12:33
So a very, very small program
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ืื– ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืื•ื“
12:35
designed to get people in front of computers,
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ืžื•ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
12:38
publishing their own thoughts, publishing independent media,
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ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืœืคืจืกื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช,
12:41
ended up having a huge impact
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”
12:43
on what we know about this country.
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
12:45
Now the trick with this is that I'm guessing
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—
12:47
most people here don't speak Malagasy.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื” ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืœื’ืกื™ืช.
12:50
I'm also guessing that most of you don't even speak Chinese --
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื™ื ื™ืช --
12:52
which is sort of sad if you think about it,
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ืฉื–ื” ืงืฆืช ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
12:54
as it's now the most represented language on the internet.
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ื›ื™ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
12:56
Fortunately people are trying to figure out how to fix this.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
12:59
If you're using Google Chrome and you go to a Chinese language site,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืืชื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช,
13:02
you notice this really cute box at the top,
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ืชืจืื” ืชื™ื‘ื” ื ื—ืžื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื“ืฃ,
13:05
which automatically detects that the page is in Chinese
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ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ืฉื”ื“ืฃ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
13:08
and very quickly at a mouse click
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ื•ื‘ืœื—ื™ืฆืช ืขื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื”
13:10
will give you a translation of the page.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืชืŸ ืœืš ืชืจื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืฃ.
13:12
Unfortunately, it's a machine translation of the page.
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื–ื”ื• ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื›ืื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืฃ.
13:15
And while Google is very, very good with some languages,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื’ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืฉืคื•ืช,
13:17
it's actually pretty dreadful with Chinese.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจืื™ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช.
13:19
And the results can be pretty funny.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื”.
13:21
What you really want -- what I really want,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื -- ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื”,
13:24
is eventually the ability to push a button
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืคืชื•ืจ
13:26
and have this queued
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื”
13:28
so a human being can translate this.
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ื–ื”.
13:30
And if you think this is absurd, it's not.
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื•ื—ืš, ื–ื” ืœื.
13:32
There's a group right now in China called Yeeyan.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื™ื™-ื™ืŸ.
13:35
And Yeeyan is a group
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ื•ื™ื™-ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”
13:37
of 150,000 volunteers
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ืฉืœ 150,000 ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื
13:39
who get online every day.
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ืฉืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืช ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
13:41
They look for the most interesting content in the English language.
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ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
13:44
They translate roughly 100 articles a day
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ื”ื ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 100 ืžืืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื
13:47
from major newspapers, major websites.
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ืžืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืืชืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื.
13:49
They put it online for free.
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ื”ื ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
13:51
It's the project of a guy named Zhang Lei,
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื–ืื ื’ ืœื™,
13:53
who was living in the United States during the Lhasa riots
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ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื”ืกื”
13:56
and who couldn't believe how biased
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ื•ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžืฉื•ื—ื“
13:58
American media coverage was.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืชื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
14:00
And he said, "If there's one thing I can do, I can start translating,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ: "ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชืจื’ื,
14:03
so that people between these countries
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
14:05
start understanding each other a little bit better."
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ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘."
14:07
And my question to you is:
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืœื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื–ืืช:
14:09
if Yeeyan can line up 150,000 people
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ืื ื™ื™-ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก 150,000 ืื™ืฉ
14:11
to translate the English internet into Chinese,
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ืœืชืจื’ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ ืœืกื™ื ื™ืช,
14:13
where's the English language Yeeyan?
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™-ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช?
14:16
Who's going after Chinese,
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ืžื™ ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ืช,
14:18
which now has 400 million internet users out there?
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช?
14:21
My guess is at least one of them has something interesting to say.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืขืจ ืฉืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ.
14:24
So even if we can find a way to translate from Chinese,
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ืื– ื’ื ืื ื ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœืชืจื’ื ืžืกื™ื ื™ืช,
14:27
there's no guarantee that we're going to find it.
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ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื–ื”.
14:29
When we look for information online,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
14:31
we basically have two strategies.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืชื™ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช.
14:34
We use a lot of search.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื”.
14:36
And search is terrific if you know what you're looking for.
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ื•ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืื ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ.
14:39
But if what you're looking for is serendipity,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื”,
14:41
if you want to stumble onto something
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•
14:43
that you didn't know you needed,
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ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืช ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš,
14:45
our main philosophy is to look to our social networks,
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
14:47
to look for our friends.
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ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืืฆืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
14:49
What are they looking at? Maybe we should be looking at it.
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ื‘ืžื” ื”ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื? ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”.
14:52
The problem with this is that essentially
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
14:54
what you end up getting after a while is the wisdom of the flock.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืขื“ืจ.
14:56
You end up flocking with a lot of people
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ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ืขื“ืจ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
14:58
who are probably similar to you,
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ืฉื”ื ื‘ื˜ื— ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืš,
15:00
who have similar interests.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉืœืš.
15:02
And it's very, very hard to get information
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ื•ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”
15:04
from the other flocks, from the other parts of the world
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ืžื”ืขื“ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
15:07
where people getting together and talking about their own interests.
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ืฉืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
15:10
To do this, at a certain point,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช
15:12
you need someone to bump you out of your flock and into another flock.
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืงื— ืื•ืชืš ืžื”ืขื“ืจ ืฉืœืš ืœืขื“ืจ ืื—ืจ.
15:15
You need a guide.
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื“ืจื™ืš.
15:17
So this is Amira Al Hussaini. She is the Middle East editor for Global Voices.
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ื–ืืช ืืžื™ืจื” ืืœ-ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ื ื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืจื›ืช ืฉืœ "ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื" ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
15:20
She has one of the hardest jobs in the world.
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ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
15:22
Not only does she have to keep our Israeli and Palestinian contributors
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
15:24
from killing each other,
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ืœื ื™ื”ืจื’ื• ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™,
15:26
she has to figure out
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
15:28
what is going to interest you
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ืžื” ื™ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื
15:30
about the Middle East.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
15:32
And in that sense of trying to get you
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืืชื›ื
15:34
out of your normal orbit,
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ืžื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื›ื,
15:36
and to try to get you to pay attention
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
15:38
to a story about someone who's
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ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
15:40
given up smoking for the month of Ramadan,
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ืฉื ืžื ืข ืžืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืžื“ืืŸ,
15:42
she has to know something about a global audience.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
15:45
She has to know something about what stories are available.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.
15:47
Basically, she's a deejay.
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ื”ื™ื ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื ื™ืช, ืœืžืขืฉื”.
15:49
She's a skilled human curator
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืฆืจืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ืช
15:51
who knows what material is available to her,
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ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”,
15:53
who's able to listen to the audience,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืงื”ืœ,
15:55
and who's able to make a selection
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ื•ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื‘ืจื•ืจ
15:57
and push people forward in one fashion or another.
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ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื ืฉื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
15:59
I don't think this is necessarily an algorithmic process.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—.
16:02
I think what's great about the internet
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉื ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
16:04
is that it actually makes it much easier
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
16:06
for deejays to reach a wider audience.
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ืขืœ ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื”ืœ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:08
I know Amira.
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืืžื™ืจื”.
16:10
I can ask her what to read.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื” ืœืงืจื•ื.
16:12
But with the internet, she's in a position where she can
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื”
16:14
tell a lot of people what to read.
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ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื” ืœืงืจื•ื.
16:16
And you can listen to her as well,
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ื•ื’ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”,
16:18
if this is a way that you're interested in having your web widened.
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ืื ื–ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช ืฉืœื›ื.
16:21
So once you start widening like this,
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ืื– ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•,
16:23
once you start lighting up voices in the dark spots,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
16:25
once you start translating, once you start curating,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื’ื, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืืฆื•ืจ,
16:28
you end up in some really weird places.
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ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“.
16:31
This is an image from pretty much my favorite blog,
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ื–ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ื‘ืœื•ื’ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™, ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ,
16:33
which is AfriGadget.
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ื•ื”ื•ื "ืืคืจื™ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜".
16:35
And AfriGadget is a blog that looks
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ื•"ืืคืจื™ื’ืื“ื’'ื˜" ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืกื•ืงืจ
16:37
at technology in an Africa context.
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™.
16:39
And specifically, it's looking at a blacksmith
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ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืกื•ืงืจ ื ืคื—
16:42
in Kibera in Nairobi,
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ื‘ืงื™ื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ืจื•ื‘ื™,
16:44
who is turning the shaft of a Landrover
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ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืžื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื˜ื—
16:46
into a cold chisel.
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ืœืžืคืกืœืช ืงืจื”.
16:48
And when you look at this image, you might find yourself going,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืืชื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
16:50
"Why would I conceivably care about this?"
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"ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™?"
16:53
And the truth is, this guy can probably explain this to you.
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ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื— ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื”.
16:55
This is Erik Hersman. You guys may have seen him around the conference.
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ื–ื”ื• ืืจื™ืง ื”ืจืกืžืŸ. ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื• ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ื›ื ืก.
16:58
He goes by the moniker White African.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ืœื‘ืŸ".
17:00
He's both a very well known American geek,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื ื•ื“ืข,
17:03
but he's also Kenyan; he was born in Sudan, grew up in Kenya.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืงื ื™; ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืกื•ื“ืŸ, ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืงื ื™ื”.
17:06
He is a bridge figure.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื•ืช ืžื’ืฉืจืช.
17:09
He is someone who literally has feet in both worlds --
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ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข--
17:11
one in the world of the African technology community,
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ืื—ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
17:14
one in the world of the American technology community.
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ืื—ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
17:16
And so he's able to tell a story
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
17:19
about this blacksmith in Kibera
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ืขืœ ื”ื ืคื— ื‘ืงื™ื‘ืจื”
17:21
and turn it into a story about repurposing technology,
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
17:24
about innovating from constraint,
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ืขืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื,
17:26
about looking for inspiration based on reusing materials.
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ืขืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืฉืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื.
17:29
He knows one world,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืื—ื“,
17:31
and he's finding a way to communicate it to another world,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืื—ืจ,
17:34
both of which he has deep connections to.
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ืฉืœืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืจ ืขืžื•ืง.
17:37
These bridge figures, I'm pretty well convinced,
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
17:40
are the future of how we try to make the world wider
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
17:42
through using the web.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
17:44
But the trick with bridges is, ultimately,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื’ืฉืจื™ื, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
17:46
you need someone to cross them.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื—ืฆื” ืื•ืชื.
17:48
And that's where we start talking about xenophiles.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงืกื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื (ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืจื™ื).
17:50
So if I found myself in the NFL,
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ืื– ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืœื™ื’ืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช (NFL)
17:53
I suspect I would spend my off-season
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™
17:55
nursing my wounds, enjoying my house, so on and so forth --
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ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืืœื” --
17:58
possibly recording a hip-hop album.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืžืงืœื™ื˜ ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ื™ืค-ื”ื•ืค.
18:00
Dhani Jones,
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ื“ื”ืื ื™ ื’'ื•ื ืก,
18:02
who is the middle linebacker for the Cincinnati Bengals,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ืœื ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื ืกื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื’ืœืก,
18:05
has a slightly different approach to the off-season.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืœืขื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชื”.
18:08
Dhani has a television show.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื”ืื ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
18:10
It's called "Dhani Tackles the Globe."
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืงืจืืช "ื“ื”ืื ื™ ืžืชืงืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื".
18:12
And every week on this television show,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
18:14
Dhani travels to a different nation of the world.
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ื“ื”ืื ื™ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
18:17
He finds a local sporting team.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
18:19
He trains with them for a week, and he plays a match with them.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืžืŸ ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ื•ืžืชื—ืจื” ืื™ืชื.
18:22
And his reason for this
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”
18:24
is not just that he wants to master Muay Thai boxing.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™.
18:27
It's because, for him,
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•,
18:29
sport is the language
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ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื™ื ืฉืคื”
18:31
that allows him to encounter
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื• ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ
18:33
the full width and wonder of the world.
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ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
18:36
For some of us it might be music. For some of us it might be food.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ.
18:38
For a lot of us it might be literature or writing.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืจื•ืช ืื• ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
18:41
But there are all these different techniques
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
18:43
that allow you to go out and look at the world
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืš ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
18:46
and find your place within it.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžืš ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
18:48
The goal of my Talk here
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ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉืœื™ ืคื”
18:50
is not to persuade the people in this room
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”
18:52
to embrace your xenophilia.
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ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืงืกื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื” ืฉื‘ื›ื.
18:54
My guess -- given that you're at a conference called TEDGlobal --
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉืขืจ -- ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ื ืก ืฉื ืงืจื "ื˜ื“ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœ" --
18:57
is that most of you are xenophiles,
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ืงืกื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื,
18:59
whether or not you use that term.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœื.
19:02
My challenge instead is this.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื–ื”.
19:04
It's not enough to make the personal decision
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ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
19:07
that you want a wider world.
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ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืขื•ืœื ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
19:09
We have to figure out how to rewire
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื—ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
19:11
the systems that we have.
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ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
19:13
We have to fix our media.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ื•.
19:15
We have to fix the internet. We have to fix our education.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื•.
19:18
We have to fix our immigration policy.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
19:20
We need to look at ways
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
19:22
of creating serendipity,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื’ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื”,
19:24
of making translation pervasive,
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœื ืจื—ื‘,
19:26
and we need to find ways to embrace
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืืžืฅ
19:28
and celebrate these bridge figures.
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ื•ืœื”ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
19:30
And we need to figure out how to cultivate xenophiles.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคื— ืงืกื ื•ืคื™ืœื™ื.
19:32
That's what I'm trying to do. I need your help.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืื ื™ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืขื–ืจืชื›ื.
19:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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