Srdja Popovic: How to topple a dictator

37,478 views ใƒป 2015-07-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Good afternoon, I'm proud to be here at TEDxKrakow.
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ืขืจื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื ื™ ื’ืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื‘-TEDxืงืจืงื•ื‘.
00:16
I'll try to speak a little bit today about a phenomenon
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ืกื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืชื•ืคืขื”
00:19
which can, and actually is changing the world,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ,
00:22
and whose name is people power.
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ื•ืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื "ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื".
00:24
I'll start with an anecdote,
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ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืžืขืฉื™ื”, ืื• --
00:25
or for those of you who are Monty Python lovers,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ "ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ ืคื™ื™ืชื•ืŸ" ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื -- ืžืขืจื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ "ืžื•ื ื˜ื™ ืคื™ื™ืชื•ืŸ".
00:29
a Monty Python type of sketch.
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00:30
Here it is.
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ื”ื ื” ื–ื”: ื”ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื 15 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2010.
00:31
It is December 15, 2010.
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00:34
Somebody gives you a bet: you will look at a crystal ball,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืจืš ืื™ืชื›ื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช. ืืชื ืชื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—
ื•ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช.
00:38
and you will see the future; the future will be accurate.
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00:40
But you need to share it with the world.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:42
OK, curiosity killed the cat, you take the bet,
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ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ. ืืชื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช,
ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื”
00:46
you look at the crystal ball.
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00:47
One hour later, you're sitting in a building of the national TV,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช
00:51
in a top show, and you tell the story.
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ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”:
00:53
Before the end of 2011,
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"ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ 2011, ื‘ืŸ-ืขืœื™, ืžื•ื‘ืืจืง
00:56
Ben Ali, and Mubarak, and Gaddafi would be down,
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ื•ืงื“ืืคื™ ื™ื•ื“ื—ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฉืคื˜ื•.
01:00
and prosecuted.
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01:02
Saleh of Yemen and Assad of Syria
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ืืฆืœ ืกืืœื— ืžืชื™ืžืŸ ื•ืืฆืœ ืืกืื“ ืžืกื•ืจื™ื”
01:05
would be either challenged, or already on their knees.
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ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืฉื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืคืœื•.
01:08
Osama bin Laden would be dead,
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ืื•ืกืืžื” ื‘ืŸ ืœืื“ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื,
01:10
and Ratko Mladic would be in the Hague.
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ื•ืจืื˜ืงื• ืžืœืื“ื™ืฅ' ื™ื™ืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื”ืื’."
01:13
Now, the anchor watches you with a strange gaze on his face.
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ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื•ื–ืจ,
01:16
And then, on top of it you add:
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ื•ืื– ืœื ืชืชืืคืงื• ื•ืชื•ืกื™ืคื•,
01:18
"And thousands of young people from Athens, Madrid and New York
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"ื•ืืœืคื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชื•ื ื”, ืžื“ืจื™ื“
ื•ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื™ืคื’ื™ื ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
01:22
will demonstrate for social justice, claiming they are inspired by Arabs."
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ื•ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืจืืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื."
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉื™ืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ
01:28
Next thing you know, two guys in white appear,
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01:30
they give you the strange t-shirt,
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ื™ืœื‘ื™ืฉื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ืžื•ื–ืจื”,
01:32
take you to the nearest mental institution.
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ื•ื™ืงื—ื• ืืชื›ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘.
01:34
So I would like to speak a little bit
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ืื– ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”
01:36
about the phenomenon which is behind what already seems to be
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ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืจืื” ื›ืฉื ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:40
a very bad year for bad guys.
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื, ืชื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืฉื "ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื".
01:43
And this phenomenon is called people power.
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01:46
Well, people power has been there for a while.
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ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
01:48
It helped Gandhi kick the Brits from India,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ืœื’ื ื“ื™ ืœืกืœืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื“ื•.
01:51
it helped Martin Luther King win his historic racial struggle.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ืœืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ืงื™ื ื’ ืœื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื’ื–ืข.
ื”ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ืœืœืš ื•ืœื ืกื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœืกืœืง
01:56
It helped a local, Lech Walesa,
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01:58
to kick out one million Soviet troops from Poland,
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืคื•ืœื™ืŸ
02:01
and in beginning the end of the Soviet Union as we know it.
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ ืฉื”ื›ืจื ื•.
ืื– ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื•ื? ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื—ื“ืฉ ืžืื“
02:05
So what's new in it?
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02:07
What seems to be very new,
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02:08
which is the idea I would like to share with you today,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื›ืขืช:
02:11
is that there is a set of rules and skills
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“
02:13
which can be learned and taught
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ื•ืœืœืžื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืื‘ืง ืœื-ืืœื™ื.
02:16
in order to perform successful nonviolent struggle.
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02:19
If this is true, we can help these movements.
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ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
02:23
Well, the first one - analytic skills.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:26
I'll try where it all started in the Middle East.
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ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.
02:29
And for so many years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื ืจื•ืฉื ืžื•ื˜ืขื” ืœื’ืžืจื™
02:30
we were living with a completely wrong perception of the Middle East.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:35
It was looking like the frozen region.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืœื ื• ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืงืคืื•ืŸ, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจืจ,
02:37
Literally a refrigerator.
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02:38
And there were only two types of meal there.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช:
ืกื˜ื™ื™ืง, ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืžื•ื‘ืืจืง ื•ื‘ืŸ-ืขืœื™
02:41
Steak, which stands for a Mubarak-Ben Ali type of military police dictatorship,
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ื•ื”ืจื•ื“ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช, ืื• ืชืคื•ื—-ืื“ืžื”,
02:47
or a potato, which stands for a Tehran type of theocracies.
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื”ืจืŸ.
02:50
And everybody was amazed when the refrigerator opened,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ื“ื”ืžื• ื›ืฉื”ืžืงืจืจ ื ืคืชื—
02:54
and millions of young, mainly secular people
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ื•ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื™ืฆืื• ืžืžื ื•
02:57
stepped out to do the change.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื, ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื.
02:59
Guess what - they didn't watch the demographics.
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03:02
What is the average age of an Egyptian? 24.
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ืžื”ื• ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื? 24.
03:05
How long was Mubarak in power? 31.
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ืืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ? 31.
03:07
So, this system was just obsolete, they expired.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื™ื•ืฉื ืช. ืื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื—,
03:11
And young people of the Arab world have awakened one morning,
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ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•
ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื›ื•ื— ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื.
03:14
and understood that power lies in their hands.
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03:18
The rest is the year in front of us.
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ืฉืืจื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•. ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
03:20
And guess what? The same Generation Y,
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ืื•ืชื• ื“ื•ืจ ืืคืกื™ืœื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœื•,
03:23
with their rules, with their tools, with their games,
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ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืขื ื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืœื•,
03:26
and with their language, which sounds a little bit strange to me.
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ืฉื ืฉืžืขื™ื ืœื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื. ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 38.
03:29
I'm 38 now.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืžื” ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
03:31
And can you look at the age of the people on the streets of Europe?
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03:34
It seems that Generation Y is coming.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื“ื•ืจ ืืคืกื™ืœื•ืŸ.
ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
03:39
Now, let me set another example.
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03:41
I'm meeting different people throughout the world,
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ืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
ื•ื”ื ืืงื“ืžืื™ื, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื
03:44
and they are, you know, academics, and professors, and doctors,
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืชื ืื™ื.
03:47
and they will always talk conditions.
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03:49
They will say: "People power will work only if the regime is not too oppressive."
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืจืง ืื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื“ื›ืื ื™ ืžื“ื™."
03:53
They will say: "People power will work,
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืื ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช
03:55
if the annual income of the country is between X and Z."
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื' ืœ-ื‘'"
ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืจืง ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™."
03:59
They will say: "People power will work only if there is a foreign pressure."
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04:02
They will say: "People power will work only if there is no oil."
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืจืง ืื ื”ื ืคื˜ ื™ื™ื’ืžืจ."
04:05
And, I mean, there is a set of conditions.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื ืื™ื.
ืื– ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืœ ื”ืžืื‘ืง
04:08
Well, the news here is that your skills during the conflict
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04:12
seem to be more important than the conditions.
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ื ืจืื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืชื ืื™ื.
04:15
Namely, the skills of unity, planning, and maintaining nonviolent discipline.
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ื•ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
ื•ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขืช ืฉืœ ืื™-ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
04:20
Let me give you an example.
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04:21
I come from a country called Serbia.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืกืจื‘ื™ื”.
04:23
It took us 10 years to unite 18 opposition party leaders,
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ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื ื• 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื—ื“ 18 ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”,
04:28
with their big egos, behind one single candidate
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ืขื ื”ืื’ื•ืื™ื ื”ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืื—ื“
04:31
against the Balkan dictator Slobodan Milosevic.
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ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื•ื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืงื ื™ ืกืœื•ื‘ื•ื“ืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืฉื‘ื™ืฅ.
04:34
Guess what? That was the day of his defeat.
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื ืคื™ืœืชื•.
ืชืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื ื™ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืชื—ืจื™ืจ,
04:37
You look at the Egyptians, they fight on Tahrir Square,
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04:39
they get rid of their individual symbols,
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ื”ื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจืง ืขื ื“ื’ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื.
04:42
they appear on the street only with the flag of Egypt.
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04:44
I will give you a counter-example.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื”.
04:46
You see nine presidential candidates running against Lukashenko,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื 9 ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืœื•ืงืฉื ืงื•.
04:50
you all know the outcome.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.
ืื– ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช.
04:52
So unity is a big thing.
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04:54
And this can be achieved.
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04:55
Same with planning.
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ื›ื "ืœ ื’ื ืขื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืงืจ ืœื›ื
04:56
Somebody has lied to you
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ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืœื-ืืœื™ืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ืช?
04:58
about the successful and spontaneous nonviolent revolution.
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ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช.
05:02
That thing doesn't exist in the world.
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05:04
Whenever you see young people in front of the row
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ
ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืื• ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื,
05:07
trying to fraternize with the police or military,
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05:09
somebody was thinking about it before.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืจืืฉ.
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืฉืžืขืช ืื™-ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
05:12
Now, at the end, nonviolent discipline.
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05:14
And this is probably the game-changer.
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
05:16
If you maintain nonviolent discipline,
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ืื ืชืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขืช ืฉืœ ืื™-ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ืชื ืฆื—ื• ืชืžื™ื“.
05:19
you'll exclusively win.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื 100,000 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืคื’ื ื” ืœื-ืืœื™ืžื”,
05:21
You have 100,000 people in a nonviolent march,
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05:23
one idiot or agent-provocateur throwing a stone.
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ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื•ื˜ ืื• ืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืชื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื™ืš ืื‘ื ื™ื,
05:26
Guess what takes all the cameras.
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ืœืืŸ ืœื“ืขืชื›ื ื™ื•ืคื ื• ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช? ืืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื”ื–ื”.
05:28
That one guy.
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ืžืขืฉื” ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•,
05:29
One single act of violence can literally destroy your movement.
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ืœืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื›ื.
05:33
Now, let me move to another place.
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ื›ืขืช ืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ.
05:36
It's the selection of strategies and tactics.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช.
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืœื™ื ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชืืžืฆื•.
05:38
There are certain rules in nonviolent struggle you may follow.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื˜ืŸ.
05:42
First, you start small.
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05:43
Second, you pick the battles you can win.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฆื—.
ื‘ืื•ืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง 200 ืื™ืฉ.
05:47
It's only 200 of us in this room.
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05:49
We won't call for the march of a million.
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ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
05:51
But what if we organized the spraying of graffiti throughout the night,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื ืชืืจื’ืŸ ื•ื ืจืกืก ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”
ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงืจืงื•ื‘? ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืชื“ืข ืขืœ ื–ื”.
05:55
all over Krakow.
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05:56
The city will know.
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05:57
So, we pick tactics accommodated to the event,
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ืื– ืื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข,
06:00
especially this thing we call the small tactics of dispersion.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื–ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
06:04
They're very useful in violent oppression.
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ื”ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืื“ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืืœื™ื.
06:08
We are actually witnessing the picture of one of the best tactics ever used.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื ืœื“ื™ืžื•ื™
ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ืื—ืช ื”ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœื•.
06:13
It was on Tahrir square,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ืชื—ืจื™ืจ, ื›ืฉื”ืงื”ื™ืœื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
06:15
where the international community was constantly frightened
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ืคื—ื“ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื™ืกืœื
06:18
that, you know, the Islamists will overtake the revolution.
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ื™ืฉืชืœื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืืจื’ื ื•
06:21
What they organized --
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ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื, ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืฉื,
06:23
Christians protecting Muslims where they are praying,
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06:25
a Coptic wedding cheered by thousands of Muslims,
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ื—ืชื•ื ื” ืงื•ืคื˜ื™ืช ืขื ืืœืคื™ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื.
06:28
the world has just changed the picture,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื—ืœืคื” ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
06:30
but somebody was thinking about this previously.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืจืืฉ.
06:33
So there are so many things you can do
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
06:35
instead of getting into one place,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืงื•ื,
06:37
shouting, and you know, showing off in front of the security forces.
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ื•ืœืฆืขื•ืง ื•ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื“,
06:43
Now, there is also another very important dynamic.
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06:45
And this is a dynamic that analysts normally don't see.
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ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉื”ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“"ื› ืœื ืžื–ื”ื™ื.
06:49
This is the dynamic between fear and apathy on the one side,
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ื–ื• ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื—ื“ ื•ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“,
06:52
and enthusiasm and humor on another side.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™.
06:55
So, it works like in a video game.
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ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื—ืฉื‘.
06:57
You have the fear high, you have status quo.
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ืื ื”ืคื—ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืงื•ื•.
ืื ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’.
07:00
You have the enthusiasm higher,
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07:02
you see the fear is starting to melt.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื
07:04
Day two, you see people running towards the police
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07:06
instead of from the police, in Egypt.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ื.
ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืงื•ืจื”.
07:09
You can tell that something is happening there.
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07:11
And then, it's about the humor.
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ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืžื•ืจ: ืœื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื›ื•ื— ืขืฆื•ื
07:13
Humor is such a powerful game-changer,
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ..
07:16
and of course, it was very big in Poland.
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ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื
07:18
You know, we were just a small group of crazy students in Serbia
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ื‘ืกืจื‘ื™ื”, ื›ืฉื”ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
07:22
when we made this big skit.
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07:24
We put the big petrol barrel
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ื—ื‘ื™ืช ื ืคื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
07:26
with a portrait of Mr. President on it, in the middle of the Main Street.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื
ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™. ืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืจ,
07:31
There was a hole in the top.
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07:32
So you could literally come, put a coin in,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื˜ื‘ืข,
07:35
get a baseball bat, and hit his face.
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื‘ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ื‘ื•ื! ืœื—ื‘ื•ื˜ ืœื• ื‘ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ.
ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ืฉ ืžืื“. ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช, ื›ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
07:39
Sounds loud.
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07:40
And within minutes,
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07:42
we were sitting in a nearby cafรฉ having coffee,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืงืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืงืคื”,
07:44
and there was a queue of people waiting to do this lovely thing.
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ืชื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื—ืžื“ ื”ื–ื”.
07:48
Well, that's just the beginning of the show.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืง ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืคืข.
07:50
The real show starts when the police appears.
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ื”ืžื•ืคืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
07:53
(Laughter)
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ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช? ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•? ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืฉื.
07:54
"What will they do?"
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07:55
Arrest us? We were nowhere to be seen.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืจื—ืง 3 ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืช-ืงืคื”.
07:57
We were like three blocks away, observing it from our espresso bar.
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ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื? ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื.
08:01
Arrest the shoppers, with kids?
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08:03
Doesn't make sense.
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื˜ื•ืžื˜ื:
08:04
Of course, you could bet, they did the most stupid thing.
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ื”ื ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื”ืชื“ืžื™ืช
08:07
They arrested the barrel.
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08:08
And now, the picture of the smashed face on the barrel,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืฃ ื”ืžืจื•ืกืง ืฉืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจ
08:11
with the policemen dragging it to the police car,
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ืฉื’ื•ืจืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—
08:13
that was the best day for newspaper photographers
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ืœืฆืœืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“.
08:17
that they will ever have.
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08:18
So, I mean, these are the things you can do.
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ืื– ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ.
08:21
And you can always use humor.
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08:22
There is also one big thing about humor,
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืžื•ืจ: ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื•ืื‘,
08:24
it really hurts.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช.
08:26
Because these guys really are taking themselves too seriously.
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08:30
When you start to mock them, it hurts.
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ื›ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœืขื•ื’ ืœื”ื, ื–ื” ื›ื•ืื‘.
ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
08:33
Now, everybody is talking about His Majesty, the Internet,
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ื•ื’ื ื–ื• ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžื”ืจ
08:37
and it is also a very useful skill.
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08:39
But don't rush to label things like "a Facebook Revolution,"
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ืœืชืช ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ืžื”ืคื›ืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง", "ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ".
08:43
"Twitter Revolution."
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08:44
Don't mix the tools with the substance.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ.
08:47
It is true that the Internet and the new media are very useful
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืื“
08:51
in making things faster and cheaper.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื”ื ื’ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื
08:54
They also make it a bit safer for the participants,
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08:56
because they give partial anonymity.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืงื ื™ื ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
08:59
We're watching the great example of something else the Internet can do.
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ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
09:02
It can put the price tag of state-sponsored violence
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ืฉื–ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืชื’-ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื ื’ื“ ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืœื-ืืœื™ืžื™ื.
09:06
over a nonviolent protester.
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09:07
This is the famous group "We are all Khaled Said,"
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ื–ืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช. ื›ื•ืœื ื• "ื—ืืœื“ ืกืขื™ื“",
09:10
made by Wael Ghonim in Egypt, and his friend.
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ืฉื•ื•ืืœ ื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ืงื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
09:12
This is the mutilated face of the guy who was beaten by the police.
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ืืœื• ืคื ื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื.
09:16
This is how he became known to the public,
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ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื”
09:18
and this is what probably became the straw that broke the camel's back.
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ื”ืงืฉ ืฉืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ ื”ื’ืžืœ.
09:22
But here is also the bad news.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช.
09:24
The nonviolent struggle is won in the real world, in the streets.
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ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืœื-ืืœื™ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,
ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
09:28
You will never change your society towards democracy,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”
09:32
or, you know, the economy, if you sit down and click.
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ืื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงืœื™ื“ื™ื.
09:35
There are risks to be taken,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื
09:37
and there are living people who are winning the struggle.
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ื”ื ืฉืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง.
ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื: ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™?
09:41
Well, the million-dollar question.
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09:42
What will happen in the Arab world?
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09:44
And though young people from the Arab world
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ืื– ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™
09:46
were pretty successful in bringing down three dictators,
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื ืจืข ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื•ื“ื ื™ื,
09:49
shaking the region,
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ืœื–ืขื–ืข ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ, ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืงืฆืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื
09:52
kind of persuading the clever kings from Jordan and Morocco
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ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืจื•ืงื• ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
09:55
to do substantial reforms,
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09:57
it is yet to be seen what will be the outcome.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”,
10:01
Whether the Egyptians and Tunisians will make it through the transition,
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ื”ืื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื ื™ืกืื™ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ
ืื• ืฉืžื ื–ื” ื™ื™ื’ืžืจ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื“ืชื•ืช ืขืงื•ื‘ื” ืžื“ื?
10:05
or this will end in bloody ethnic and religious conflicts,
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ื”ืื ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœ ืžืฉืžืขืช ืฉืœ ืื™-ืืœื™ืžื•ืช,
10:09
whether the Syrians will maintain nonviolent discipline,
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ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช
10:14
faced with a brutal daily violence which kills thousands already,
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื’ื” ืืœืคื™ื,
10:18
or they will slip into violent struggle
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื• ืœืžืื‘ืง ืืœื™ื
10:20
and make ugly civil war.
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ื•ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช?
ื”ืื ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš
10:24
Will these revolutions be pushed through the transitions and democracy
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ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”, ืื• ืฉื”ืฆื‘ื ื™ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ
10:28
or be overtaken by the military or extremists of all kinds?
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ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื? ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช.
10:32
We cannot tell.
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10:34
The same works for the Western sector,
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘, ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช
10:36
where you can see all these excited young people
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
10:39
protesting around the world, occupying this, occupying that.
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ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
10:43
Are they going to become the world wave?
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื’ืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™?
10:46
Are they going to find their skills, their enthusiasm, and their strategy
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ื”ืื ื”ื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช
ื•ื”ืื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
10:51
to find what they really want and push for the reform,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืื• ืฉืจืง ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื•
10:55
or will they just stay complaining about the endless list
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ืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื?
10:59
of the things they hate?
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11:01
This is the difference between the two paths.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขืจื™ื.
11:04
Now, what do the statistics have?
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ื•ืžื” ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”?
11:07
My friend Maria Stephan's book
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ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ืžืจื™ื” ืกื˜ืคืŸ,
ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ืืœื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืœื™ื,
11:10
talks a lot about violent and nonviolent struggle,
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11:12
and there are some shocking data.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื–ืขื–ืขื™ื.
11:15
If you look at the last 35 years and different social transitions,
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ืื ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืืช 35 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื“ื ื•ืช ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
11:19
from dictatorship to democracy,
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11:21
you will see that, out of 67 different cases,
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืžืชื•ืš 67 ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
ื‘-50 ืžื”ื, ืžืื‘ืง ืœื-ืืœื™ื
11:25
in 50 of these cases it was nonviolent struggle
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11:28
which was the key power.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
11:31
This is one more reason to look at this phenomenon,
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ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื•.
11:34
this is one more reason to look at Generation Y.
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ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืคืกื™ืœื•ืŸ,
ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื“ื™ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืชืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืืžื•ืŸ ื•ืชืงื•ื•ื”
11:38
Enough for me to give them credit,
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11:40
and hope that they will find their skills and their courage
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ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืžืฅ
11:44
to use nonviolent struggle
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืœื™ื
11:46
and thus fix at least a part of the mess our generation is making in this world.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืœื’ืŸ
ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
11:51
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
11:52
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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