Heather Brooke: My battle to expose government corruption

221,227 views ใƒป 2012-10-18

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Once upon a time, the world was a big, dysfunctional family.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืœืงื•ื™.
00:21
It was run by the great and powerful parents,
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ื ื™ื”ืœื• ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื,
00:24
and the people were helpless
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ื™ืฉืข
00:26
and hopeless naughty children.
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ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื”
00:29
If any of the more rowdier children questioned
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืงืคืง
00:31
the authority of the parents, they were scolded.
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ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
00:35
If they went exploring into the parents' rooms,
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ืื ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื,
00:38
or even into the secret filing cabinets, they were punished,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžื’ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ื ืขื ืฉื•,
00:42
and told that for their own good
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ื•ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื
00:45
they must never go in there again.
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ืืœ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื ืฉื•ื‘.
00:48
Then one day, a man came to town
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ืื– ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืื“ื ืœืขื™ืจ
00:51
with boxes and boxes of secret documents
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ืขื ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื
00:53
stolen from the parents' rooms.
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ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ื• ืžื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื.
00:55
"Look what they've been hiding from you," he said.
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"ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื• ืžื›ื," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ.
00:59
The children looked and were amazed.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื•ื ื“ื”ืžื•.
01:02
There were maps and minutes from meetings
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืžืคื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช
01:05
where the parents were slagging each other off.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ืœื›ืœื›ื• ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
01:09
They behaved just like the children.
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ื”ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื• ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:11
And they made mistakes, too, just like the children.
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ื•ื’ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:15
The only difference was, their mistakes
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ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
01:18
were in the secret filing cabinets.
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.
01:21
Well, there was a girl in the town, and she didn't think
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื”
01:23
they should be in the secret filing cabinets,
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ืฉืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช,
01:26
or if they were, there ought to be a law
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ืื• ืฉืื ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง
01:28
to allow the children access.
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื™ืฉื”.
01:30
And so she set about to make it so.
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ื•ืื–, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื›ืš ื™ื”ื™ื”.
01:34
Well, I'm the girl in that story, and the secret documents
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื
01:38
that I was interested in were located in this building,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”,
01:41
the British Parliament, and the data that I wanted
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ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™, ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™
01:45
to get my hands on were the expense receipts
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ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช
01:48
of members of Parliament.
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜.
01:52
I thought this was a basic question to ask in a democracy. (Applause)
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:58
It wasn't like I was asking for the code to a nuclear bunker,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืœืžืงืœื˜ ืื˜ื•ืžื™,
02:01
or anything like that, but the amount of resistance I got
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ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™
02:04
from this Freedom of Information request,
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ืžื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ "ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข",
02:07
you would have thought I'd asked something like this.
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ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
02:10
So I fought for about five years doing this,
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ืื– ื ืื‘ืงืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
02:14
and it was one of many hundreds of requests that I made,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืช ืžืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ืฉืชื™,
02:17
not -- I didn't -- Hey, look, I didn't set out, honestly,
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ืœื -- ืื ื™ ืœื -- ื”ื™ื™, ืจืื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆืืชื™, ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช,
02:20
to revolutionize the British Parliament.
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ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืžื”ืคื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™.
02:22
That was not my intention. I was just making these requests
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™. ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืืœื•
02:25
as part of research for my first book.
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžื—ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
02:29
But it ended up in this very long, protracted legal battle
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืžืื“ ื–ื”
02:32
and there I was after five years fighting against Parliament
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืœืื—ืจ 5 ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜
02:36
in front of three of Britain's most eminent High Court judges
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ื‘ืคื ื™ 3 ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ
02:39
waiting for their ruling about whether or not Parliament had to release this data.
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ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืคืกื™ืงืชื ื‘ืื ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืื• ืœื.
02:43
And I've got to tell you, I wasn't that hopeful,
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ื•ืขืœื™ ืœืืžืจ ืœื›ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืœืืช ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
02:45
because I'd seen the establishment. I thought,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืžืกื“, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™
02:48
it always sticks together. I am out of luck.
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ืฉื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื”. ืฉืื ื™ ื—ืกืจืช ืžื–ืœ.
02:51
Well, guess what? I won. Hooray. (Applause)
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื ื—ืฉื• ืžื”? ื–ื›ื™ืชื™. ื”ื™ื“ื“. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:56
Well, that's not exactly the story, because the problem was
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื”
02:59
that Parliament delayed and delayed releasing that data,
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ืฉื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืขื™ื›ื‘ ื•ืขื™ื›ื‘ ืืช ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
03:03
and then they tried to retrospectively change the law
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
03:06
so that it would no longer apply to them.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
03:08
The transparency law they'd passed earlier that applied to everybody else,
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ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื—ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
03:11
they tried to keep it so it didn't apply to them.
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ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
03:14
What they hadn't counted on was digitization,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”
03:18
because that meant that all those paper receipts
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ
03:20
had been scanned in electronically, and it was very easy
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ืขื‘ืจื• ืกืจื™ืงื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“
03:23
for somebody to just copy that entire database,
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื,
03:26
put it on a disk, and then just saunter outside of Parliament,
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ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื“ื™ืกืง, ื•ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉื•ื˜ื˜ ืœื”ื ืืชื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืคืจืœืžื ื˜,
03:30
which they did, and then they shopped that disk
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•, ื•ืื– ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืกืง ื”ื–ื”
03:33
to the highest bidder, which was the Daily Telegraph,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื™ืœื™ ื˜ืœื’ืจืฃ,
03:36
and then, you all remember, there was weeks and weeks
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ื•ืื–, ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
03:39
of revelations, everything from porn movies
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ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกืจื˜ื™ ืคื•ืจื ื•
03:42
and bath plugs and new kitchens
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ื•ืคืงืงื™ ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื•ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
03:45
and mortgages that had never been paid off.
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ื•ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
03:49
The end result was six ministers resigned,
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉ-6 ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•,
03:53
the first speaker of the house in 300 years was forced to resign,
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ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื–ื” 300 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ,
03:57
a new government was elected on a mandate of transparency,
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ืžืžืฉืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื ื“ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช,
04:01
120 MPs stepped down at that election,
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120 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
04:05
and so far, four MPs and two lords
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ื•ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, 4 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื•ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ืจื“ื™ื
04:10
have done jail time for fraud.
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ืจื™ืฆื• ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืืกืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื”
04:13
So, thank you. (Applause)
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ื›ืš, ืชื•ื“ื” (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:19
Well, I tell you that story because it wasn't unique to Britain.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
04:23
It was an example of a culture clash that's happening
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช
04:27
all over the world between bewigged and bestockinged
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ "ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ ื”ืคืื•ืช" ื•"ื’ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื"
04:30
officials who think that they can rule over us
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ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื ื•
04:34
without very much prying from the public,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื˜ื ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
04:36
and then suddenly confronted with a public
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืชืข ืžืชืขืžืชื™ื ืขื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
04:39
who is no longer content with that arrangement,
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ืฉืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
04:42
and not only not content with it, now, more often,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœื ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžืžื ื•, ื›ืขืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
04:45
armed with official data itself.
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ื—ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืขืฆืžื•
04:50
So we are moving to this democratization of information,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
04:55
and I've been in this field for quite a while.
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืžื“ื™.
04:57
Slightly embarrassing admission: Even when I was a kid,
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ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื“ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื›ื”: ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื”,
05:00
I used to have these little spy books, and I would, like,
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™, ื›ื–ื”,
05:02
see what everybody was doing in my neighborhood and log it down.
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ืจื•ืื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ืžืชืขื“ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:05
I think that was a pretty good indication
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
05:07
about my future career as an investigative journalist,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช,
05:10
and what I've seen from being in this access to information field for so long
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื›ืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
05:14
is that it used to be quite a niche interest,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื”
05:17
and it's gone mainstream. Everybody, increasingly, around the world,
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ืžื” ืจื•ื•ื—ืช. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
05:20
wants to know about what people in power are doing.
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ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืžื“ืช ื›ื•ื—.
05:23
They want a say in decisions that are made in their name
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื
05:27
and with their money. It's this democratization of information
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ื•ืขื ื›ืกืคื ื–ื• ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
05:30
that I think is an information enlightenment,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
05:33
and it has many of the same principles of the first Enlightenment.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื“ ืžื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
05:36
It's about searching for the truth,
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ื–ื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืืžืช,
05:39
not because somebody says it's true, "because I say so."
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ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, "ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืš."
05:43
No, it's about trying to find the truth based on
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ื–ื” ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ
05:46
what you can see and what can be tested.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช.
05:48
That, in the first Enlightenment, led to questions about
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช
05:51
the right of kings, the divine right of kings to rule over people,
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ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
05:55
or that women should be subordinate to men,
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ืื• ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืคื•ืคื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
05:57
or that the Church was the official word of God.
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ืื• ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื‘ืจื• ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืœ.
05:59
Obviously the Church weren't very happy about this,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืžื›ืš
06:02
and they tried to suppress it,
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ื•ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื“ื›ื ื–ืืช,
06:04
but what they hadn't counted on was technology,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื’ื™ื”,
06:07
and then they had the printing press, which suddenly
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ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื“ืคื•ืก, ืฉืคืชืื•ื
06:09
enabled these ideas to spread cheaply, far and fast,
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ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื–ื•ืœ, ื”ืจื—ืง ื•ืžื”ืจ
06:13
and people would come together in coffee houses,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืงืคื”,
06:16
discuss the ideas, plot revolution.
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ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืžื”ืคื›ื”
06:19
In our day, we have digitization. That strips all the physical mass out of information,
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”. ื–ื” ืคื•ืฉื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•,
06:23
so now it's almost zero cost to copy and share information.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืคืก ืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืžื™ื“ืข.
06:27
Our printing press is the Internet. Our coffee houses are social networks.
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ืžื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืงืคื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:31
We're moving to what I would think of as a fully connected system,
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ืื ื• ื ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื.
06:36
and we have global decisions to make in this system,
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•.
06:39
decisions about climate, about finance systems,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช,
06:42
about resources. And think about it --
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ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš --
06:46
if we want to make an important decision about buying a house,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช,
06:48
we don't just go off. I mean, I don't know about you,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืกืชื ื›ื›ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ืืชื,
06:51
but I want to see a lot of houses before I put that much money into it.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืฉืงื™ืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื–ื”.
06:54
And if we're thinking about a finance system,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื,
06:56
we need a lot of information to take in. It's just not possible
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข. ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
07:00
for one person to take in the amount, the volume
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ืœืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช, ื”ื ืคื— ืฉืœ
07:04
of information, and analyze it to make good decisions.
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ื”ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืชื— ืื•ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
07:08
So that's why we're seeing increasingly this demand
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ื›ืš, ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื–ื•
07:11
for access to information.
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ืœื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข.
07:13
That's why we're starting to see more disclosure laws
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช
07:16
come out, so for example, on the environment,
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ืฉื ื—ืงืงื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
07:18
there's the Aarhus Convention,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืื•ืจื”ื•ืก.
07:19
which is a European directive that gives people
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืžืงื ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื
07:21
a very strong right to know, so if your water company
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ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื“ ืœื“ืขืช, ื›ืš ืื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
07:24
is dumping water into your river, sewage water
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ืžื–ืจื™ืžื” ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ืจ ืฉืœื›ื, ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘
07:27
into your river, you have a right to know about it.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื”ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื›ืš.
07:30
In the finance industry, you now have more of a right
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื›ืขืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื›ื•ืช
07:34
to know about what's going on, so we have
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ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”, ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
07:37
different anti-bribery laws, money regulations,
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ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืฉื•ื—ื“, ืชืงื ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช,
07:40
increased corporate disclosure, so you can now track assets across borders.
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ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ืขืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ.
07:44
And it's getting harder to hide assets, tax avoidance,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื, ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืžืก,
07:49
pay inequality. So that's great. We're starting to find out
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ืื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“
07:52
more and more about these systems.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื•.
07:55
And they're all moving to this central system,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ืขื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื–ื•,
07:58
this fully connected system,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื–ื•,
08:00
all of them except one. Can you guess which one?
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ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืื—ืช. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉ ืื™ื–ื•?
08:03
It's the system which underpins all these other systems.
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ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
08:06
It's the system by which we organize and exercise power,
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ื–ื• ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืชื” ืื ื• ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ื•ื—
08:10
and there I'm talking about politics, because in politics,
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ื•ืฉื ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
08:13
we're back to this system, this top-down hierarchy.
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ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื”, ื”ื™ืจืืจื›ื™ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”.
08:17
And how is it possible that the volume of information
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื“
08:20
can be processed that needs to in this system?
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ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ?
08:23
Well, it just can't. That's it.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ. ื–ื”ื• ื–ื”.
08:26
And I think this is largely what's behind the crisis
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ
08:28
of legitimacy in our different governments right now.
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ืฉืœ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
08:33
So I've told you a bit about what I did
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ืื– ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
08:35
to try and drag Parliament, kicking and screaming,
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜, ื‘ื•ืขื˜ืช ื•ืฆื•ืจื—ืช
08:38
into the 21st century, and I'm just going to give you
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืื” ื”-21, ื•ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืชืช ืœื›ื
08:40
a couple of examples of what a few other people I know
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ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื”
08:43
are doing.
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
08:44
So this is a guy called Seb Bacon. He's a computer
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ืื“ื ืฉืฉืžื• ืกื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื ืช
08:47
programmer, and he built a site called Alaveteli,
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืืชืจ ืฉื ืงืจื ืืœืื•ื•ื˜ืœื™,
08:51
and what it is, it's a Freedom of Information platform.
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ื•ื”ื•ื, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
08:56
It's open-source, with documentation, and it allows you
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ื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“-ืคืชื•ื—, ืขื ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ
08:59
to make a Freedom of Information request,
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ-ืžื™ื“ืข,
09:02
to ask your public body a question, so
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืืœื”, ื›ืš
09:05
it takes all the hassle out of it, and I can tell you
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื
09:08
that there is a lot of hassle making these requests,
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ืฉื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ืจื“ื”,
09:10
so it takes all of that hassle out, and you just type in your question,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืกืœืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื—ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืจืง ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืš,
09:14
for example, how many police officers have a criminal record?
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืœื›ืžื” ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืคืœื™ืœื™?
09:18
It zooms it off to the appropriate person, it tells you
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืืช ื–ื” ืืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš
09:22
when the time limit is coming to an end, it keeps track of all
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ืžืชื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืกื™ื•ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ
09:26
the correspondence, it posts it up there,
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ื”ื”ืชื›ืชื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจืกื ืื•ืชื”,
09:27
and it becomes an archive of public knowledge.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
09:31
So that's open-source and it can be used in any country
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ื“-ืคืชื•ื— ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
09:34
where there is some kind of Freedom of Information law.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
09:37
So there's a list there of the different countries that have it,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื,
09:41
and then there's a few more coming on board.
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ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ.
09:42
So if any of you out there like the sound of that
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ืื– ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
09:45
and have a law like that in your country,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืง ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
09:48
I know that Seb would love to hear from you
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืกื‘ ื™ืฉืžื— ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื›ื
09:50
about collaborating and getting that into your country.
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
09:54
This is Birgitta Jรณnsdรณttir. She's an Icelandic MP.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื’ื™ื˜ื” ื™ื•ื•ื ืกื“ื•ื˜ื™ืจ. ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ืช.
09:58
And quite an unusual MP. In Iceland, she was
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
10:02
one of the protesters who was outside of Parliament
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ืื—ืช ื”ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜
10:05
when the country's economy collapsed,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื”,
10:09
and then she was elected on a reform mandate,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื ื“ื˜ ืจืคื•ืจืžื”,
10:13
and she's now spearheading this project.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืขืช ืืช ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื”.
10:15
It's the Icelandic Modern Media Initiative,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ืช,
10:18
and they've just got funding to make it an international
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜
10:20
modern media project, and this is taking all of the best laws
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ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:24
around the world about freedom of expression,
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™,
10:27
protection of whistleblowers, protection from libel,
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ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฉืคื™-ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืข,
10:30
source protection, and trying to make Iceland a publishing haven.
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ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ, ื•ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ืœืžืคืœื˜ ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ื.
10:34
It's a place where your data can be free, so when we think
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
10:36
about, increasingly, how governments want to access user data,
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ,
10:40
what they're trying to do in Iceland is make this safe haven
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ-ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื
10:43
where it can happen.
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ืฉืฉื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
10:45
In my own field of investigative journalism, we're also
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื™ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื
10:49
having to start thinking globally, so this is a site called
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, ืื– ื–ื”ื• ืืชืจ ืฉื ืงืจื
10:51
Investigative Dashboard. And if you're trying to track
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ืœื•ื— ืžื—ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืงืจ. ื•ืื ืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ
10:54
a dictator's assets, for example, Hosni Mubarak,
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ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื“ืŸ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื—ื•ืกื ื™ ืžื•ื‘ืืจืง,
10:57
you know, he's just funneling out cash from his country
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื•
11:01
when he knows he's in trouble, and what you want to do
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฆืจื”, ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:03
to investigate that is, you need to have access to
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ, ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืš ื’ื™ืฉื”
11:06
all of the world's, as many as you can,
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ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
11:08
companies' house registrations databases.
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.ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
11:11
So this is a website that tries to agglomerate all of those
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœ
11:15
databases into one place so you can start searching for,
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ืžืกื“ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“ ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื•ืชื,
11:19
you know, his relatives, his friends, the head of his security services.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืจืืฉ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•.
11:22
You can try and find out how he's moving out assets
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื ื›ืกื™ื
11:25
from that country.
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ืžืžื“ื™ื ืชื•.
11:28
But again, when it comes to the decisions which are
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช
11:31
impacting us the most, perhaps, the most important
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื•ืœื™,
11:34
decisions that are being made about war and so forth,
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ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'
11:38
again we can't just make a Freedom of Information request.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
11:41
It's really difficult. So we're still having to rely on
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื”. ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ
11:44
illegitimate ways of getting information, through leaks.
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืคื•ืช.
11:48
So when the Guardian did this investigation about
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ืืจื“ื™ืืŸ ืขืฉื” ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืื•ื“ื•ืช
11:51
the Afghan War, you know, they can't walk into
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ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš
11:54
the Department of Defense and ask for all the information.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
11:57
You know, they're just not going to get it.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื”.
11:59
So this came from leaks of tens of thousands of dispatches
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื”ื“ืœืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช
12:03
that were written by American soldiers
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ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
12:05
about the Afghan War, and leaked,
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ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื•ื“ืœืคื•,
12:08
and then they're able to do this investigation.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื–ื•.
12:12
Another rather large investigation is around world diplomacy.
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ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžื“ื™ ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
12:17
Again, this is all based around leaks,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช,
12:20
251,000 U.S. diplomatic cables, and I was involved
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251,000, ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช
12:25
in this investigation because I got this leak
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ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื“ืœืคื” ื–ื•
12:29
through a leak from a disgruntled WikiLeaker
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ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืœืคื” ืžื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืœื™ืงืจ ืžืžื•ืจืžืจ
12:32
and ended up going to work at the Guardian.
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ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื’ืืจื“ื™ื™ืŸ.
12:35
So I can tell you firsthand what it was like to have access
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื”
12:37
to this leak. It was amazing. I mean, it was amazing.
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ืœื“ืœื™ืคื” ื–ื•. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
12:39
It reminded me of that scene in "The Wizard of Oz."
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืกืฆื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืž-"ื”ืงื•ืกื ืžืืจืฅ ืขื•ืฅ".
12:43
Do you know the one I mean? Where the little dog Toto
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืื™ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช? ื›ืฉื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื˜ื•ื˜ื•
12:45
runs across to where the wizard [is], and he pulls back,
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ืจืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื ื”ืงื•ืกื, ื•ืžื•ืฉืš ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
12:48
the dog's pulling back the curtain, and --
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ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืžื•ืฉืš ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืœืื—ื•ืจ --
12:50
"Don't look behind the screen. Don't look at the man behind the screen."
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"ืืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืกืš. ืืœ ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืกืš."
12:54
It was just like that, because what you started to see
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš, ื›ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช
12:56
is that all of these grand statesmen, these very pompous
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื
12:59
politicians, they were just like us.
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ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืžื ื•ืคื—ื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
13:02
They all bitched about each other. I mean, quite gossipy,
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ื›ื•ืœื ืงื™ื˜ืจื• ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื›ื™ืœื•ืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™,
13:05
those cables. Okay, but I thought it was a very important
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ืื•ืชื ื›ื‘ืœื™ื. ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื”
13:07
point for all of us to grasp, these are human beings
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ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
13:10
just like us. They don't have special powers.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื•. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
13:12
They're not magic. They are not our parents.
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ื”ื ืœื ืงื•ืกืžื™ื. ื”ื ืœื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
13:16
Beyond that, what I found most fascinating
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจืชืง
13:20
was the level of endemic corruption that I saw
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ื”ื™ื” ืจืžืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืื ื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืจืื™ืชื™
13:23
across all different countries, and particularly centered
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžื•ืงื“ืช
13:26
around the heart of power, around public officials
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื•ื—, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
13:29
who were embezzling the public's money
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ืฉืžืขืœื• ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
13:32
for their own personal enrichment, and allowed to do that
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉืจื•ืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
13:35
because of official secrecy.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช.
13:38
So I've mentioned WikiLeaks, because surely what could be
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ืื– ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืœื™ืงืก, ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
13:42
more open than publishing all the material?
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ืคืชื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ?
13:44
Because that is what Julian Assange did.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืืกืื ื’' ืขืฉื” .
13:48
He wasn't content with the way the newspapers published it
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืขื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคืจืกืžื• ื–ืืช
13:50
to be safe and legal. He threw it all out there.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื–ืจืง ืืช ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื.
13:54
That did end up with vulnerable people in Afghanistan
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ
13:58
being exposed. It also meant that the Belarussian dictator
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ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื•. ื–ื” ื’ื ืืžืจ ืฉืœืจื•ื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืจื•ืกื™
14:01
was given a handy list of all the pro-democracy campaigners
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ื ื™ืชื ื” ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืคืจื•-ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื
14:05
in that country who had spoken to the U.S. government.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขื ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจื”"ื‘.
14:08
Is that radical openness? I say it's not, because for me,
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช? ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืœื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
14:13
what it means, it doesn't mean abdicating power,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—,
14:16
responsibility, accountability, it's actually being a partner
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ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืชืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื
14:20
with power. It's about sharing responsibility,
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ืขื ื›ื•ื—. ื–ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
14:23
sharing accountability. Also, the fact that
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
14:26
he threatened to sue me because I got a leak of his leaks,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื™ื ืœืชื‘ื•ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื“ืœื™ืคื” ืžื”ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
14:28
I thought that showed a remarkable sort of inconsistency
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืจืื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ื
14:31
in ideology, to be honest, as well. (Laughs)
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ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื’ื ื›ืŸ. (ืฆื•ื—ืงืช)
14:37
The other thing is that power is incredibly seductive,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื— ืžืคืชื” ืžืื•ื“,
14:40
and you must have two real qualities, I think,
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืฉืชื™ ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
14:43
when you come to the table, when you're dealing
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื‘ื ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืชืขืกืง
14:45
with power, talking about power,
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ืขื ื›ื•ื—, ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—,
14:47
because of its seductive capacity.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื’ื•ืœืชื” ื”ืžืคืชื”.
14:49
You've got to have skepticism and humility.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืกืคืงื ื•ืช ื•ืขื ื•ื•ื”.
14:52
Skepticism, because you must always be challenging.
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ืกืคืงื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืืชื’ืจ.
14:55
I want to see why do you -- you just say so? That's not good enough.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื--ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ืืช? ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘.
14:58
I want to see the evidence behind why that's so.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื›ืš.
15:01
And humility because we are all human. We all make mistakes.
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ื•ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
15:05
And if you don't have skepticism and humility,
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ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืกืคืงื ื•ืช ื•ืขื ื•ื•ื”,
15:08
then it's a really short journey to go from reformer
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ืื–ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืข ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืœื›ืช ืžืจืคื•ืจืžื˜ื•ืจ
15:11
to autocrat, and I think you only have to read "Animal Farm"
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ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืงืจื˜, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช "ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช"
15:15
to get that message about how power corrupts people.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืื ืฉื™ื.
15:21
So what is the solution? It is, I believe, to embody
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ? ื”ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”, ืœื›ืœื•ืœ
15:27
within the rule of law rights to information.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข.
15:30
At the moment our rights are incredibly weak.
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ื›ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืžืื•ื“.
15:33
In a lot of countries, we have Official Secrets Acts,
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ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื,
15:36
including in Britain here. We have an Official Secrets Act
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื›ืืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืง ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื
15:38
with no public interest test. So that means it's a crime,
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ืœืœื ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ืื– ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืคืฉืข,
15:41
people are punished, quite severely in a lot of cases,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืขื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืฉื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื™ื,
15:45
for publishing or giving away official information.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ืื• ืžืกื™ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืฉืžื™.
15:50
Now wouldn't it be amazing, and really, this is what I want
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ื›ืขืช, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”
15:53
all of you to think about, if we had an Official Disclosure Act
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืง ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืจืฉืžื™
15:57
where officials were punished if they were found
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ืฉืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื ืขื ืฉื™ื ืื ื ืžืฆื
16:00
to have suppressed or hidden information
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ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ืื• ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข
16:03
that was in the public interest?
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™?
16:05
So that -- yes. Yes! My power pose. (Applause) (Laughs)
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ืื– ื›ืš, --. ื›ืŸ! ืคื•ื–ืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื™. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื) (ืฆื•ื—ืงืช)
16:12
I would like us to work towards that.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืœืงืจืืช ื–ื”.
16:15
So it's not all bad news. I mean, there definitely is
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืฉ
16:19
progress on the line, but I think what we find is that
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ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื–ื”
16:22
the closer that we get right into the heart of power,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื•ื—,
16:25
the more opaque, closed it becomes.
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ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืกื’ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:29
So it was only just the other week that I heard London's
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ืื– ืจืง ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื ืฆื™ื‘
16:32
Metropolitan Police Commissioner talking about why
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ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœืžื”
16:36
the police need access to all of our communications,
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ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœื ื•,
16:40
spying on us without any judicial oversight,
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ืœืจื’ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื• ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™,
16:43
and he said it was a matter of life and death.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช.
16:45
He actually said that, it was a matter of life and death.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืžืจ, ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช.
16:48
There was no evidence. He presented no evidence of that.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืื™ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืœื›ืš.
16:52
It was just, "Because I say so.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜, "ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช.
16:56
You have to trust me. Take it on faith."
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ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™. ืงื—ื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”".
16:59
Well, I'm sorry, people, but we are back
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ืขืจืช, ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื
17:01
to the pre-Enlightenment Church,
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ืœื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืื•ืจื•ืช
17:05
and we need to fight against that.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”.
17:08
So he was talking about the law in Britain which is
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื
17:12
the Communications Data Bill, an absolutely outrageous piece of legislation.
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ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืงื˜ืข ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืงื”.
17:16
In America, you have the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act.
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ.
17:19
You've got drones now being considered for domestic surveillance.
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ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืžืงื•ืžื™.
17:23
You have the National Security Agency building
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
17:26
the world's giantest spy center. It's just this colossal --
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ืžืจื›ื– ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ืขื ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื‘ื™ืจ-
17:29
it's five times bigger than the U.S. Capitol,
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ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื”ืงืคื™ื˜ื•ืœ,
17:32
in which they're going to intercept and analyze
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืชื—
17:34
communications, traffic and personal data
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ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื
17:37
to try and figure out who's the troublemaker in society.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื”ื• ืขื•ืฉื”-ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
17:40
Well, to go back to our original story, the parents
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื
17:45
have panicked. They've locked all the doors.
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ื ื‘ื”ืœื•. ื”ื ื ืขืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช.
17:49
They've kitted out the house with CCTV cameras.
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ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืขื ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ืกื’ื•ืจ.
17:52
They're watching all of us. They've dug a basement,
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ื”ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•. ื”ื ื—ืคืจื• ืžืจืชืฃ,
17:54
and they've built a spy center to try and run algorithms
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ื•ื‘ื ื• ืžืจื›ื– ืจื™ื’ื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชืžื™ื
17:57
and figure out which ones of us are troublesome,
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืžื™ ืžืืชื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื,
18:00
and if any of us complain about that, we're arrested for terrorism.
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ื•ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืืฉืžืช ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
18:04
Well, is that a fairy tale or a living nightmare?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื’ื“ื” ืื• ืกื™ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื?
18:08
Some fairy tales have happy endings. Some don't.
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ืœื›ืžื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืกื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘. ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืœื.
18:11
I think we've all read the Grimms' fairy tales, which are,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืงืจืื ื• ืืช "ืื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื ื’ืจื™ื",ืฉื”ื ืื›ืŸ,
18:14
indeed, very grim.
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ืžืื“ ืขื’ื•ืžื™ื (ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.)
18:16
But the world isn't a fairy tale, and it could be more brutal
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืื’ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื›ื–ืจื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ
18:22
than we want to acknowledge.
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ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช.
18:24
Equally, it could be better than we've been led to believe,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืืฉืจ ื’ืจืžื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ,
18:27
but either way, we have to start seeing it exactly as it is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืš ืื• ื›ืš, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื,
18:30
with all of its problems, because it's only by seeing it
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•
18:34
with all of its problems that we'll be able to fix them
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ
18:37
and live in a world in which we can all be
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ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื•
18:41
happily ever after. (Laughs) Thank you very much.
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉืจ ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขื“. (ืฆื•ื—ืงืช) ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
18:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:48
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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