How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in history | Gerard Ryle

129,490 views ใƒป 2016-08-26

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
What do you do if you had to figure out the information
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ืžื” ืชืขืฉื• ืื ื”ื™ื™ื™ืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ 11.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื,
00:15
behind 11.5 million documents,
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00:17
verify it and make sense of it?
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ืœืืžืช ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ?
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
00:20
That was a challenge
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00:21
that a group of journalists had to face late last year.
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00:24
An anonymous person calling himself John Doe
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ืื“ื ืขืœื•ื-ืฉื ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื• "ืืœืžื•ื ื™"
00:28
had somehow managed to copy nearly 40 years of records
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ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-40 ืฉื ื•ืช ืชื™ืขื•ื“
00:31
of the Panamanian law firm Mossack Fonseca.
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื ืžื™ "ืžื•ืกืืง ืคื•ื ืกืงื”",
00:35
This is one of many firms around the world
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ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™-ื“ื™ืŸ, ืื—ื“ ืžืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
ืฉืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืก ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ,
00:38
that specialize in setting up accounts in offshore tax havens
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00:41
like the British Virgin Islands,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื,
00:43
for rich and powerful people who like to keep secrets.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืฉืจืจื” ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.
00:48
John Doe had managed to copy every spreadsheet from this firm,
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"ืืœืžื•ื ื™" ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื”,
00:51
every client file,
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ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช,
00:53
every email,
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ
00:55
from 1977 to the present day.
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ืž-1977 ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:58
It represented the biggest cache
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ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
01:01
of inside information into the tax haven system
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ืžืก ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืจืื” ืื™-ืคืขื.
01:04
that anyone had ever seen.
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01:06
But it also presented a gigantic challenge to investigative journalism.
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ืืš ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืืชื’ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจืช.
01:11
Think about it: 11.5 million documents,
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”: 11.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื,
01:16
containing the secrets of people from more than 200 different countries.
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-200 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
01:20
Where do you start with such a vast resource?
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ืžืื™ืคื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื›ื–ื”?
01:22
Where do you even begin to tell a story
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ืื™ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื˜ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
01:25
that can trail off into every corner of the globe,
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01:28
and that can affect almost any person in any language,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืฉืจ ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉืคืชื•,
01:31
sometimes in ways they don't even know yet.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื•.
01:34
John Doe had given the information to two journalists
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"ืืœืžื•ื ื™" ืžืกืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื ื™ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื
ืžื”ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ "ืกื•ื“-ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื” ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’".
01:37
at the German newspaper Sรผddeutsche Zeitung.
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01:40
He said he was motivated by -- and I quote --
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœื• ืœื›ืš, ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฆื˜ื˜, ื”ื•ื:
01:43
"The scale of the injustice that the documents would reveal."
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"ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื™ื—ืฉืคื•."
01:48
But one user alone can never make sense
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืฆื ืœื‘ื“ื•
01:50
of such a vast amount of information.
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ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื›ื–ืืช.
01:52
So the Sรผddeutsche Zeitung reached out
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื ื” ื”"ืกื•ื“-ื“ื•ื™ื˜ืฉื” ืฆื™ื™ื˜ื•ื ื’"
01:54
to my organization in Washington, DC,
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ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”,
"ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™".
01:57
The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.
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02:01
We decided to do something that was the very opposite
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ืื ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ื’ืžื•ืจ
02:04
of everything we'd been taught to do as journalists:
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ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื:
02:07
share.
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ืœืฉืชืฃ.
02:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:10
By nature, investigative reporters are lone wolves.
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ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจื ื™ื ื”ื ืžื˜ื‘ืขื ื–ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
ืื ื• ืžื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืฃ-ื ืคืฉ ืขืœ ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
02:14
We fiercely guard our secrets,
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02:15
at times even from our editors,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
02:17
because we know that the moment we tell them what we have,
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื ืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
02:20
they'll want that story right away.
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ื”ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื™ื“.
02:22
And to be frank,
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ื•ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช,
02:24
when you get a good story,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
ืืชื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš ืืช ื”ืชื”ื™ืœื”.
02:26
you like to keep the glory to yourself.
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02:29
But there's no doubt that we live in a shrinking world,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืงื˜ืŸ,
ื•ื‘ื“"ื›, ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืื™ื—ืจื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืš.
02:32
and that the media has largely been slow to wake up to this.
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02:35
The issues we report on are more and more transnational.
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ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื‘-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื.
02:39
Giant corporations operate on a global level.
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ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ืง ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
02:42
Environmental and health crises are global.
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ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื.
02:45
So, too, are financial flows and financial crises.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื.
02:49
So it seems staggering that journalism has been so late
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื—ืจื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš
02:52
to cover stories in a truly global way.
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ืœืกืงืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืช.
02:55
And it also seems staggering that journalism has been so slow
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ื•ื’ื ืฉื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš
02:58
to wake up to the possibilities that technology brings,
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ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื‘ื”ืœ ืžืคื ื™ื”ืŸ.
03:02
rather than being frightened of it.
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03:05
The reason journalists are scared of technology is this:
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
03:09
the profession's largest institutions are going through tough times
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฉื”
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
03:13
because of the changing way that people are consuming news.
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03:16
The advertising business models that have sustained reporting are broken.
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉื›ืœื›ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™, ืงืจืกื•.
03:21
And this has plunged journalism into crisis,
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืจ,
03:24
forcing those institutions to reexamine how they function.
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ื•ืื™ืœืฅ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื.
03:30
But where there is crisis,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื‘ืจ
03:31
there is also opportunity.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืชืคืจืกื ื›"ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืคื ืžื”",
03:34
The first challenge presented
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03:35
by what would eventually become known as the Panama Papers
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืงืจื™ืื™ื.
03:38
was to make the documents searchable and readable.
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03:40
There were nearly five million emails,
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ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ,
03:43
two million PDFs that needed to be scanned and indexed,
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ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืฆื™ ืคื™-ื“ื™-ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกืจื•ืง ื•ืœืžืคืชื—,
03:46
and millions more files and other kinds of documents.
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:50
They all needed to be housed in a safe and secure location
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ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžืงื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืžื•ืจ ื•ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ืขื ืŸ.
03:53
in the cloud.
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03:54
We next invited reporters to have a look at the documents.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื–ืžื ื• ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื,
03:58
In all, reporters from more than 100 media organizations
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ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื”
04:02
in 76 countries --
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ื‘-76 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช --
04:04
from the BBC in Britain
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ืžื”ื‘ื™-ื‘ื™-ืกื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™
04:06
to Le Monde newspaper in France
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืกืื™ "ืœื” ืžื•ื ื“",
04:08
to the Asahi Shimbun in Japan.
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ื•ื›ืœื” ื‘"ืืกื”ื™ ืฉื™ืžื‘ื•ืŸ" ื”ื™ืคื ื™.
04:12
"Native eyes on native names," we called it, the idea being,
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"ืฉืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช", ื›ืš ืงืจืื ื• ืœื–ื”,
ื›ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”:
04:16
who best to tell you who was important to Nigeria
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ืžื™ ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื ื™ื’ืจื™?
04:19
than a Nigerian journalist?
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04:21
Who best in Canada than a Canadian?
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ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงื ื“ื” ืžืืฉืจ ืงื ื“ื™?
04:24
There were only two rules for everyone who was invited:
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ื• ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ:
04:27
we all agreed to share everything that we found with everybody else,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื’ืœื”,
04:32
and we all agreed to publish together on the same day.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื ื• ืœืคืจืกื ื‘ื‘ืช-ืื—ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:35
We chose our media partners based on trust
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ืืช ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืžื•ืŸ
04:37
that had been built up through previous smaller collaborations
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™-ืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ
ื•ื’ื ืœืคื™ ืจืžื–ื™ื ืฉืฆืฆื• ื•ืขืœื• ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื
04:41
and also from leads that jumped out from the documents.
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04:44
Over the next few months,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
04:45
my small nonprofit organization of less than 20 people
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ืœืžืœื›"ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ืฉื›ืœืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-20 ืื™ืฉ,
04:48
was joined by more than 350 other reporters from 25 language groups.
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ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืžืขืœ 350 ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืž-25 ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืคื”.
ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
04:54
The biggest information leak in history
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04:55
had now spawned the biggest journalism collaboration in history:
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ื”ื•ืœื™ื“ื” ื›ืขืช ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”:
05:00
376 sets of native eyes doing what journalists normally never do,
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376 ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืœืื•ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืœื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช:
05:06
working shoulder to shoulder,
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ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ืชืฃ-ืืœ-ื›ืชืฃ,
05:07
sharing information,
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ื—ืœืงื• ืžื™ื“ืข,
05:09
but telling no one.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉ.
ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:12
For it became clear at this point
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05:13
that in order to make the biggest kind of noise,
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืงื˜.
05:16
we first needed the biggest kind of silence.
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05:20
To manage the project over the many months it would take,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื•,
ื”ืงืžื ื• ื—ื“ืจ-ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—.
05:23
we built a secure virtual newsroom.
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ื ืขื–ืจื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืคื ื•ืช,
05:25
We used encrypted communication systems,
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05:28
and we built a specially designed search engine.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™.
05:30
Inside the virtual newsroom,
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ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื
05:32
the reporters could gather around the themes
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05:34
that were emerging from the documents.
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ืฉืขืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื.
05:36
Those interested in blood diamonds or exotic art, for instance,
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ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ ื“ืžื™ื ืื• ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ืืงื–ื•ื˜ื™ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ,
05:41
could share information about how the offshore world was being used
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ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ืฆืœื• ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
05:45
to hide the trade in both of those commodities.
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05:47
Those interested in sport could share information
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ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืžื™ื“ืข
05:49
about how famous sports stars were putting their image rights
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื
ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ,
05:53
into offshore companies,
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05:54
thereby likely avoiding taxes
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืžื•ืง ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื.
05:57
in the countries where they plied their trade.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ ืžื›ืœ
06:00
But perhaps most exciting of all
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06:01
were the number of world leaders and elect politicians
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
06:05
that were emerging from the documents --
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ืฉืขืœื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื” --
06:08
figures like Petro Poroshenko in Ukraine,
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ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคื“ืจื• ืคื•ืจื•ืฉื ืงื• ืžืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”,
06:12
close associates of Vladimir Putin in Russia
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ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื•ืœื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืžืจื•ืกื™ื”,
06:17
and the British Prime Minister, David Cameron, who is linked
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ื•ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ,
ืฉืงื•ืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžื ื•ื—, ืื™ืืŸ ืงืžืจื•ืŸ.
06:21
through his late father, Ian Cameron.
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06:24
Buried in the documents were secret offshore entities,
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ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืงื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ,
06:27
such as Wintris Inc.,
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ื›ืžื• ืชืื’ื™ื“ "ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ืก",
06:30
a company in the British Virgin Islands
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
06:32
that had actually belonged to the sitting Icelandic prime minister.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืœืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื”ืžื›ื”ืŸ.
06:36
I like to refer to Johannes Kristjansson,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืื ืกื•ืŸ,
06:38
the Icelandic reporter we invited to join the project,
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ื”ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื–ืžื ื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžื™ื–ื,
06:41
as the loneliest man in the world.
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:44
For nine months, he refused paid work
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ
06:46
and lived off the earnings of his wife.
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ื•ื—ื™ ืขืœ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืฉืชื•.
06:49
He pasted tarps over the windows of his home
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื™ืจื™ืขื•ืช ืื‘ืจื–ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื•
06:51
to prevent prying eyes during the long Icelandic winter.
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืš.
06:55
And he soon ran out of excuses to explain his many absences,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื ื’ืžืจื• ืœื• ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช,
06:59
as he worked red-eyed,
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ื›ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช
07:00
night after night,
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ืœื™ืœื” ืื—ืจ ืœื™ืœื”,
ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
07:02
month after month.
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07:03
In all that time, he sat on information
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
07:06
that would eventually bring down the leader of his country.
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ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืคื™ืœ ืืช ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื•.
ื›ืชื—ืงื™ืจืŸ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืชื’ืœื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
07:10
Now, when you're an investigative reporter and you make an amazing discovery,
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07:13
such as your prime minster can be linked to a secret offshore company,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืฉืจ ืืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœืš ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ,
07:17
that that company has a financial interest in Icelandic banks --
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ื•ืœืื•ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื‘ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ื™ื --
07:21
the very issue he's been elected on --
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• --
07:24
well, your instinct is to scream out very loud.
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ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ืฉืœืš ื”ื•ื ืœืฆืขื•ืง ื–ืืช ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืงื•ืœื™ ืงื•ืœื•ืช.
07:28
Instead, as one of the few people that he could speak to,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื™ืžื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ,
07:30
Johannes and I shared a kind of gallows humor.
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ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ื•ืื ื™ ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืžื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
07:34
"Wintris is coming," he used to say.
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"ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ืก (ื—ื•ืจืฃ) ืžืชืงืจื‘", ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื.
07:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:37
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:41
We were big fans of "Game of Thrones."
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ืฉื ื™ื ื• ืื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช "ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื›ืก".
07:44
When reporters like Johannes wanted to scream,
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื™ื•ื”ื ืก ืจืฆื• ืœืฆืขื•ืง,
07:47
they did so inside the virtual newsroom,
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ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™,
07:50
and then they turned those screams into stories
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ื•ืื– ื”ืคื›ื• ืฆืขืงื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื›ืชื‘ื•ืช
07:52
by going outside the documents to court records,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืืœื” ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื,
07:56
official company registers,
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ืœืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืจืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื’ื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคืจืกื•ื.
07:58
and by eventually putting questions to those that we intended to name.
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08:03
Panama Papers actually allowed the reporters to look at the world
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ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืคื ืžื” ืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืœื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
08:07
through a different lens from everybody else.
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
08:09
As we were researching the story,
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ื›ืฉื—ืงืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
08:11
unconnected to us,
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ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ,
08:13
a major political bribery scandal happened in Brazil.
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ืคืจืฆื” ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื—ื“ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
08:17
A new leader was elected in Argentina.
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ื‘ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ.
08:20
The FBI began to indict officials at FIFA,
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ื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืœื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืค"ื,
08:24
the organization that controls the world of professional soccer.
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ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™.
ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืคื ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ืœื• ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
08:29
The Panama Papers actually had unique insights
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08:31
into each one of these unfolding events.
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08:33
So you can imagine the pressure and the ego dramas
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ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื•ืืช ืžืื‘ืงื™ ื”ืื’ื•
08:37
that could have ruined what we were trying to do.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
08:39
Any of one of these journalists,
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื•ื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
08:41
they could have broken the pact.
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08:42
But they didn't.
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ืืš ืื™ืฉ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
08:44
And on April 3 this year,
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ื•ื‘-3 ืœืืคืจื™ืœ, ื”ืฉื ื”,
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืฉืขื” 8 ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
08:46
at exactly 8pm German time,
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08:48
we published simultaneously in 76 countries.
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ืคืจืกืžื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘-76 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
08:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:03
The Panama Papers quickly became one of the biggest stories of the year.
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ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืคื ืžื” ื”ืคื›ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:07
This is the scene in Iceland the day after we published.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื.
09:10
It was the first of many protests.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืคื’ื ื” ืื—ืช ืžื ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:13
The Icelandic prime minister had to resign.
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ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชืคื˜ืจ,
09:15
It was a first of many resignations.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคื˜ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:18
We spotlighted many famous people such as Lionel Messi,
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ื”ืคื ื™ื ื• ื–ืจืงื•ืจ ืœืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืœื™ื•ื ืœ ืžืกื™,
09:21
the most famous soccer player in the world.
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ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
09:24
And there were some unintended consequences.
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืœื-ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
09:27
These alleged members of a Mexican drug cartel were arrested
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ืืœื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื-ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืงืจื˜ืœ ืกืžื™ื ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™
ืฉื ืขืฆืจื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืคืจืกืžื ื• ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื.
09:31
after we published details about their hideout.
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09:34
They'd been using the address
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ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ืืช
09:36
to register their offshore company.
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ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ.
09:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:43
There's a kind of irony in what we've been able to do.
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ื™ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:45
The technology -- the Internet -- that has broken the business model
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” - ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ -- ืฉืคื’ืขื” ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™
09:49
is allowing us to reinvent journalism itself.
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ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื”.
09:52
And this dynamic is producing
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื—ื•ืœืœืช
09:54
unprecedented levels of transparency and impact.
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ืจืžื•ืช ื—ืกืจื•ืช-ืชืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื”.
09:57
We showed how a group of journalists can effect change across the world
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ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืฉืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™
10:01
by applying new methods and old-fashioned journalism techniques
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ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื•ืช
10:05
to vast amounts of leaked information.
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ืœื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช-ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื“ืœืฃ.
10:08
We put all-important context around what was given to us by John Doe.
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ืกื™ืคืงื ื• ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืžื” ืฉ"ืืœืžื•ื ื™" ืžืกืจ ืœื ื•.
ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืชืคื ื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช,
10:13
And by sharing resources,
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10:14
we were able to dig deep --
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืœื—ืงื•ืจ --
10:16
much deeper and longer than most media organizations allow these days,
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ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื”,
10:20
because of financial concerns.
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ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื.
10:23
Now, it was a big risk,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื ื™,
10:25
and it wouldn't work for every story,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
10:27
but we showed with the Panama Papers
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืคื ืžื” ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื•
ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:29
that you can write about any country from just about anywhere,
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ื•ืื– ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืš.
10:32
and then choose your preferred battleground to defend your work.
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10:36
Try obtaining a court injunction
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ื ืกื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฆื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ-ืคืจืกื•ื
10:37
that would prevent the telling of a story in 76 different countries.
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ืฉื™ืžื ืข ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘-76 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
10:42
Try stopping the inevitable.
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ื ืกื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ืžื ืข.
10:45
Shortly after we published, I got a three-word text from Johannes:
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ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 3 ืžืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื”ื ืก:
10:49
"Wintris has arrived."
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"ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ืก ื”ื’ื™ืข".
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:52
(Laughter)
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10:53
It had arrived and so, too, perhaps has a new era for journalism.
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ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืข, ื•ืื™ืชื•, ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช.
10:57
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
10:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืชืจื•ืขื•ืช)
11:09
Bruno Giussani: Gerard, thank you.
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ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื’'ื™ื•ืกืื ื™: ื’'ืจืืจื“, ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืชืฉืœื— ืืช ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
11:11
I guess you're going to send that applause to the 350 journalists
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ืœ-350 ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ืื™ืชืš, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:14
who worked with you, right?
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11:15
Now, a couple of questions I would like to ask.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช.
ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื,
11:18
The first one is,
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11:19
you'd been working in secrecy for over a year
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ืขื‘ื“ืชื ื‘ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”
ืขื 350-ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
11:22
with 350-something colleagues from all over the world --
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11:25
was there ever a moment when you thought
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื™-ืคืขื ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ื—ืฉื‘ืช
ืฉื”ื”ื“ืœืคื” ืชื•ื“ืœืฃ,
11:29
that the leak may be leaked,
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11:31
that the collaboration may just be broken
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ืฉืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืคืจ
11:33
by somebody publishing a story?
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ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืคืจืกื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืžืฉืœื•?
11:35
Or somebody not in the group releasing some information
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ืื• ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืชื›ื ื™ืฉื—ืจืจ ืžื™ื“ืข
11:38
that they got to know?
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•?
11:40
Gerard Ryle: We had a series of crises along the way,
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ื’'ืจืืจื“ ืจื™ื™ืœ: ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืกื“ืจืช ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื,
11:42
including when something major was happening in the world,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืงืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืจืฆื™ื ื™
11:45
the journalists from that country wanted to publish right away.
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ื•ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืžืื•ืชื” ืืจืฅ ืจืฆื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืคืจืกื ืžื™ื“.
11:48
We had to calm them down.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืข ืื•ืชื.
11:49
Probably the biggest crisis we had was a week before publication.
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ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื.
11:53
We'd sent a series of questions to the associates of Vladimir Putin,
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ืฉืœื—ื ื• ืกื“ืจืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื•ืœื“ื™ืžื™ืจ ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ,
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื ื•ืช,
11:57
but instead of responding,
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11:58
the Kremlin actually held a press conference and denounced us,
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ื”ืงืจืžืœื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื ืก ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืงื™ืข ืื•ืชื ื•,
12:01
and denounced the whole thing as being, I guess, a plot from the West.
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืื™ื–ื• ืžื–ื™ืžื” ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
ืคื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ ืื– ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื•.
12:05
At that point, Putin thought it was just about him.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
12:08
And, of course, a lot of editors around the world
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12:10
were very nervous about this.
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ื ืขืฉื• ืžืื“ ืžืชื•ื—ื™ื ืžื›ืš.
12:12
They thought the story was going to get out.
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ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืคืจืกื.
12:14
You can imagine the amount of time they'd spent,
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื•,
12:16
the amount of resources, money spent on this.
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ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
12:18
So I had to basically spend the last week calming everyone down,
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ืขืชื™ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื,
12:21
a bit like a general, where you're holding your troops back:
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืžืคืงื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื:
12:24
"Calm, remain calm."
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"ื”ื™ืจื’ืขื•, ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื."
12:26
And then eventually, of course, they all did.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ื•ืœื ื ืจื’ืขื•.
12:29
BG: And then a couple weeks ago or so,
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ื‘"ื’: ื•ืื–, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
12:31
you released a lot of the documents as an open database
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ืฉื™ื—ืจืจืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืžืกื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—
12:35
for everybody to search via keyword, essentially.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืœืคื™ ืžื™ืœื•ืช ืžืคืชื—.
ื’"ืจ: ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ
12:39
GR: We very much believe
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12:40
that the basic information about the offshore world
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ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ
12:42
should be made public.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืชื•ื— ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
12:43
Now, we didn't publish the underlying documents
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ืืžื ื ืœื ืคืจืกืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื”,
12:46
of the journalists we're working with.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื,
12:48
But the basic information such as the name of a person,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื,
ืžื”ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืžื”ื• ืฉืžื”,
12:51
what their offshore company was and the name of that company,
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ.
12:54
is now all available online.
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12:55
In fact, the biggest resource of its kind basically is out there now
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื’ื• ืคืชื•ื— ื›ืขืช.
13:00
BG: Gerard, thank you for the work you do.
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ื‘"ื’: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
13:02
GR: Thank you.
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ื’"ืจ: ืชื•ื“ื”.
13:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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