Rachel Armstrong: Architecture that repairs itself?

65,378 views ใƒป 2009-10-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
All buildings today have something in common.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
00:19
They're made using Victorian technologies.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื•ืช.
00:22
This involves blueprints,
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช,
00:25
industrial manufacturing
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ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™
00:27
and construction using teams of workers.
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
00:30
All of this effort results in an inert object.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื–ื” ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”.
00:33
And that means that there is a one-way transfer of energy
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ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
00:36
from our environment into our homes and cities.
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ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืœืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
00:40
This is not sustainable.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื.
00:42
I believe that the only way that it is possible for us
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•
00:45
to construct genuinely sustainable homes and cities
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืขืจื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื
00:48
is by connecting them to nature,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื ืœื˜ื‘ืข,
00:50
not insulating them from it.
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ืœื ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื ืžืžื ื•.
00:53
Now, in order to do this, we need the right kind of language.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
00:57
Living systems are in constant conversation
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ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื— ืจืฆื™ืฃ
00:59
with the natural world,
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ืขื ืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืข,
01:01
through sets of chemical reactions called metabolism.
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ื“ืจืš ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื–ื.
01:05
And this is the conversion of one group of substances
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
01:08
into another, either through
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ืœืื—ืจ, ืื• ื“ืจืš
01:10
the production or the absorption of energy.
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ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื• ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
01:13
And this is the way in which living materials
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื
01:15
make the most of their local resources
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ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
01:18
in a sustainable way.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžื.
01:21
So, I'm interested in the use of
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ
01:23
metabolic materials for the practice of architecture.
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ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื˜ืื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
01:28
But they don't exist. So I'm having to make them.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืื– ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื.
01:30
I'm working with architect Neil Spiller
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ื ื™ืœ ืกืคื™ืœืจ
01:32
at the Bartlett School of Architecture,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื˜ืœื˜.
01:34
and we're collaborating with international scientists
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
01:36
in order to generate these new materials
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
01:38
from a bottom up approach.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืช ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”.
01:40
That means we're generating them from scratch.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืชื—ืœื”.
01:42
One of our collaborators is chemist Martin Hanczyc,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืžืื™ ื‘ืฉื ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืงื–ื™ื™ืง,
01:46
and he's really interested in the transition from
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ
01:49
inert to living matter.
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ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ืžื ืœื—ื™.
01:51
Now, that's exactly the kind of process that I'm interested in,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ื•,
01:54
when we're thinking about sustainable materials.
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื.
01:56
So, Martin, he works with a system called the protocell.
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ืื–, ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœ.
02:01
Now all this is -- and it's magic --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืœ ื–ื” -- ื•ื–ื” ืงืกื --
02:04
is a little fatty bag. And it's got a chemical battery in it.
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ื–ื” ืชื™ืง ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกื•ืœืœื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ืช.
02:07
And it has no DNA.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• DNA.
02:10
This little bag is able to conduct itself
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ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืœื™ืš ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ
02:12
in a way that can only be described as living.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืืจ ืื•ืชื” ืจืง ื›ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:15
It is able to move around its environment.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื–ื•ื– ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•.
02:18
It can follow chemical gradients.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืขื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื™ื.
02:20
It can undergo complex reactions,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
02:23
some of which are happily architectural.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื”ืŸ ืœืฉืžื—ืชื ื• ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื•ืช.
02:27
So here we are. These are protocells,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•. ืืœื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœื™ื,
02:29
patterning their environment.
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ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
02:31
We don't know how they do that yet.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
02:34
Here, this is a protocell, and it's vigorously shedding this skin.
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ื›ืืŸ, ื–ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ืœ ืืช ืขื•ืจื• ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช.
02:38
Now, this looks like a chemical kind of birth.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื™ื“ื” ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ืช.
02:40
This is a violent process.
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ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืœื™ื.
02:43
Here, we've got a protocell to extract carbon dioxide
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ื›ืืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™
02:46
out of the atmosphere
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ืžื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื”
02:48
and turn it into carbonate.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื—ืžื”.
02:50
And that's the shell around that globular fat.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชืจืžื™ืœ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ื’ืœ ื”ื–ื”.
02:52
They are quite brittle. So you've only got a part of one there.
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ื”ื ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื›ื™ื. ืื– ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžืื—ื“ ืฉื.
02:55
So what we're trying to do is, we're trying to push these technologies
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
02:58
towards creating bottom-up construction approaches
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ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืœืžื˜ื”
03:00
for architecture,
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ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
03:02
which contrast the current, Victorian, top-down methods
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ืฉืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื™ืช ืฉืœืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”
03:05
which impose structure upon matter.
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ืฉืžืืœืฆืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ.
03:08
That can't be energetically sensible.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช.
03:11
So, bottom-up materials
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ืื–, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”
03:13
actually exist today.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:15
They've been in use, in architecture, since ancient times.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”, ืžืื– ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื.
03:18
If you walk around the city of Oxford, where we are today,
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ืื ืชืœื›ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“, ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:21
and have a look at the brickwork,
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ื•ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื™ื,
03:23
which I've enjoyed doing in the last couple of days,
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ืžื” ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
03:25
you'll actually see that a lot of it is made of limestone.
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ.
03:27
And if you look even closer,
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ื•ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘,
03:29
you'll see, in that limestone, there are little shells
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ืชืจืื•, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
03:31
and little skeletons that are piled upon each other.
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ื•ืฉืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืขืจื•ืžื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™.
03:34
And then they are fossilized over millions of years.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžืชืื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
03:37
Now a block of limestone, in itself,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื‘ื ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ, ื‘ืขืฆืžื”,
03:39
isn't particularly that interesting.
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
03:42
It looks beautiful.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ื ืคืœื.
03:44
But imagine what the properties of this limestone block might be
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื‘ื ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
03:48
if the surfaces were actually
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ืื ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆื
03:50
in conversation with the atmosphere.
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ื‘ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืขื ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.
03:53
Maybe they could extract carbon dioxide.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœืฅ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™.
03:56
Would it give this block of limestone new properties?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœื‘ื ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช?
03:59
Well, most likely it would. It might be able to grow.
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ืื–, ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
04:02
It might be able to self-repair, and even respond
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘
04:04
to dramatic changes
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื
04:06
in the immediate environment.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”.
04:08
So, architects are never happy
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ืื–, ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืฉืžื—ื™ื
04:11
with just one block of an interesting material.
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ืขื ืจืง ืœื‘ื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:14
They think big. Okay?
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ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืื•ืงื™?
04:16
So when we think about scaling up metabolic materials,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื,
04:19
we can start thinking about ecological interventions
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
04:21
like repair of atolls,
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ื›ืžื• ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
04:23
or reclamation of parts of a city
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ืื• ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจ
04:26
that are damaged by water.
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ืฉื ื™ื–ื•ืงื• ืžืžื™ื.
04:28
So, one of these examples
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ืื–, ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
04:30
would of course be the historic city of Venice.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื•ื ืฆื™ื”.
04:33
Now, Venice, as you know, has a tempestuous relationship with the sea,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื•ื ืฆื™ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ื™ื,
04:37
and is built upon wooden piles.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืขืฅ.
04:39
So we've devised a way by which it may be possible
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ืื– ื”ื’ื™ื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืชื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
04:42
for the protocell technology that we're working with
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ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื”
04:44
to sustainably reclaim Venice.
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ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ื— ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžื.
04:47
And architect Christian Kerrigan
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ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืืŸ ืงืจื™ื’ืŸ
04:49
has come up with a series of designs that show us
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ื”ื’ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื•
04:51
how it may be possible to actually grow a limestone reef
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ
04:54
underneath the city.
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ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื™ืจ.
04:56
So, here is the technology we have today.
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ืื–, ื–ื• ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:59
This is our protocell technology,
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ื–ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
05:01
effectively making a shell, like its limestone forefathers,
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ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืงื•ื ื›ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจ,
05:05
and depositing it in a very complex environment,
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ื•ืžืคืงื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช,
05:08
against natural materials.
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ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื.
05:10
We're looking at crystal lattices to see the bonding process in this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืกื˜ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”.
05:13
Now, this is the very interesting part.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:15
We don't just want limestone dumped everywhere in all the pretty canals.
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ืื ื—ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืจืง ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ ืžื•ืฉืœื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื•ืช.
05:18
What we need it to do is to be
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
05:20
creatively crafted around the wooden piles.
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ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขืฅ.
05:24
So, you can see from these diagrams that the protocell is actually
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœ ื‘ืขืฆื
05:26
moving away from the light,
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ืžืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ืื•ืจ,
05:28
toward the dark foundations.
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ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื.
05:30
We've observed this in the laboratory.
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
05:32
The protocells can actually move away from the light.
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ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ืื•ืจ.
05:35
They can actually also move towards the light. You have to just choose your species.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื–ื•ื– ื’ื ืืœ ื”ืื•ืจ. ืฆืจื™ืš ืจืง ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ.
05:38
So that these don't just exist as one entity,
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ืื– ื”ื ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืจืง ื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืช.
05:40
we kind of chemically engineer them.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื™ืžื™ืช.
05:43
And so here the protocells are depositing their limestone
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ืื– ื›ืืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืกืœื™ื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจ ืฉืœื”ื
05:46
very specifically, around the foundations of Venice,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ืฆื™ื”,
05:49
effectively petrifying it.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืื‘ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
05:51
Now, this isn't going to happen tomorrow. It's going to take a while.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืžื—ืจ. ื–ื” ื™ืงื— ืงืฆืช ื–ืžืŸ.
05:55
It's going to take years of tuning and monitoring this technology
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื—ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
05:59
in order for us to become ready
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื
06:01
to test it out in a case-by-case basis
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคื•
06:03
on the most damaged and stressed buildings within the city of Venice.
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ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืคื’ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ื ืฆื™ื”.
06:06
But gradually, as the buildings are repaired,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™, ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืชื•ืงื ื•,
06:09
we will see the accretion of a limestone reef beneath the city.
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ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืจ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืขื™ืจ.
06:12
An accretion itself is a huge sink of carbon dioxide.
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ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™.
06:16
Also it will attract the local marine ecology,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืชืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืœื•ืงืืœื™ืช,
06:19
who will find their own ecological niches within this architecture.
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ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
06:23
So, this is really interesting. Now we have an architecture
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”
06:26
that connects a city to the natural world
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ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™
06:29
in a very direct and immediate way.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
06:31
But perhaps the most exciting thing about it
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืœื”ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”
06:34
is that the driver of this technology is available everywhere.
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ื–ื” ืฉืžื ื™ืข ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
06:37
This is terrestrial chemistry. We've all got it,
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ื–ื• ื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืืจืฆื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืœ.
06:40
which means that this technology is just as appropriate
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื”
06:43
for developing countries as it is
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื”
06:45
for First World countries.
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
06:47
So, in summary, I'm generating metabolic materials
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ืื–, ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื˜ืื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื
06:50
as a counterpoise to Victorian technologies,
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ื›ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ื•ืช,
06:53
and building architectures from a bottom-up approach.
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ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”.
06:56
Secondly, these metabolic materials
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
06:58
have some of the properties of living systems,
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ื™ืฉ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช,
07:00
which means they can perform in similar ways.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื”.
07:03
They can expect to have a lot of forms and functions
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื
07:06
within the practice of architecture.
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ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
07:08
And finally, an observer in the future
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“
07:11
marveling at a beautiful structure in the environment
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ืฉื™ืชืคืขืœ ืžืžื‘ื ื” ื™ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
07:14
may find it almost impossible to tell
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ื™ืชืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ
07:17
whether this structure
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ืื ื”ืžื‘ื ื”
07:19
has been created by a natural process
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื‘ืขื™
07:21
or an artificial one.
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ืื• ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™.
07:23
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
07:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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