Rachel Armstrong: Architecture that repairs itself?

Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG

All buildings today have something in common.

Sve zgrade danas imaju nešto zajedničko.

They're made using Victorian technologies.

Grade se korištenjem viktorijanske tehnologije.

This involves blueprints,

To uključuje nacrte,

industrial manufacturing

industrijsku proizvodnju

and construction using teams of workers.

i izgradnju pomoću timova radnika.

All of this effort results in an inert object.

Svi ti napori rezultiraju inertnim zdanjem.

And that means that there is a one-way transfer of energy

A to znači da postoji jednosmjerni transfer energije

from our environment into our homes and cities.

iz okoliša u naše domove i gradove.

This is not sustainable.

To nije održivo.

I believe that the only way that it is possible for us

Vjerujem da je jedini način na koji je moguće

to construct genuinely sustainable homes and cities

graditi istinski održive domove i gradove

is by connecting them to nature,

taj da ih povežemo s prirodom,

not insulating them from it.

a ne izoliramo ih od nje.

Now, in order to do this, we need the right kind of language.

Kako bismo to mogli, treba nam pravi jezik.

Living systems are in constant conversation

Živi sustavi su u stalnom razgovoru

with the natural world,

s prirodnim svijetom,

through sets of chemical reactions called metabolism.

putem nizova kemijskih reakcija koje nazivamo metabolizam.

And this is the conversion of one group of substances

A to je pretvaranje jedne skupine tvari

into another, either through

u drugu, bilo putem

the production or the absorption of energy.

proizvodnje, bilo putem apsorpcije energije.

And this is the way in which living materials

To je način na koji živi materijali

make the most of their local resources

najbolje iskorištavaju lokalne resurse

in a sustainable way.

na održiv način.

So, I'm interested in the use of

Ja sam zainteresirana za upotrebu

metabolic materials for the practice of architecture.

metaboličkih materijala u praktičnoj arhitekturi.

But they don't exist. So I'm having to make them.

Ali oni ne postoje. Pa ih moram napraviti.

I'm working with architect Neil Spiller

Radim s arhitektom Neilom Spillerom

at the Bartlett School of Architecture,

na arhitektonskoj školi Bartlett

and we're collaborating with international scientists

Surađujemo s međunarodnim znanstvenicima

in order to generate these new materials

kako bismo stvorili te nove materijale

from a bottom up approach.

u pristupu od dna prema vrhu.

That means we're generating them from scratch.

To znači da ih stvaramo od nule.

One of our collaborators is chemist Martin Hanczyc,

Jedan od naših suradnika je kemičar Martin Hanczyc,

and he's really interested in the transition from

i on je zaista zainteresiran za tranziciju od

inert to living matter.

inertnih k živim tvarima.

Now, that's exactly the kind of process that I'm interested in,

A to je upravo onakav proces koji mene zanima,

when we're thinking about sustainable materials.

kada razmišljamo o održivim materijalima.

So, Martin, he works with a system called the protocell.

Martin radi sa sustavom zvanim Protostanica (Protocell).

Now all this is -- and it's magic --

To je samo – a to je čarolija --

is a little fatty bag. And it's got a chemical battery in it.

debela torbica. U sebi ima kemijsku bateriju.

And it has no DNA.

Nema DNK.

This little bag is able to conduct itself

Ova torbica se može ponašati

in a way that can only be described as living.

na način koji jedino možemo opisati kao život.

It is able to move around its environment.

Može se kretati u svom okruženju.

It can follow chemical gradients.

Može slijediti kemijske gradijente.

It can undergo complex reactions,

Prolazi kroz složene reakcije

some of which are happily architectural.

od kojih su neke, na sreću, arhitektonske.

So here we are. These are protocells,

Pa, evo nas. Ovo su protostanice,

patterning their environment.

koje odražavaju svoje okružje.

We don't know how they do that yet.

Još ne znamo kako to čine.

Here, this is a protocell, and it's vigorously shedding this skin.

Ovo je protostanica i ona žustro odbacuje svoj omotač.

Now, this looks like a chemical kind of birth.

Ovo izgleda kao kemijsko rođenje.

This is a violent process.

To je nasilan proces.

Here, we've got a protocell to extract carbon dioxide

Ovdje imamo protostanicu koja izvlači ugljični dioksid

out of the atmosphere

iz atmosfere

and turn it into carbonate.

i pretvara ga u karbonat.

And that's the shell around that globular fat.

A ovo je omotač oko te okrugle masti.

They are quite brittle. So you've only got a part of one there.

Vrlo su krhke. Pa ovdje imate samo dio jedne.

So what we're trying to do is, we're trying to push these technologies

Ono što pokušavamo je pogurati te tehnologije

towards creating bottom-up construction approaches

prema osmišljavanju pristupa u gradnji od dna prema gore

for architecture,

za arhitekturu,

which contrast the current, Victorian, top-down methods

koji je suprotan od sadašnjih, viktorijanskih, od vrha prema dolje metoda

which impose structure upon matter.

koje strukturu pretpostavljaju tkivu.

That can't be energetically sensible.

To ne može biti energetski razumno.

So, bottom-up materials

Dakle, materijali za pristup od dna prema vrhu

actually exist today.

zapravo već postoje.

They've been in use, in architecture, since ancient times.

Koriste se, u arhitekturi, od pradavnih vremena.

If you walk around the city of Oxford, where we are today,

Ako prošetate gradom Oxfordom u kojemu smo danas,

and have a look at the brickwork,

i pogledate zidove od cigle,

which I've enjoyed doing in the last couple of days,

u čemu sam uživala u proteklih nekoliko dana,

you'll actually see that a lot of it is made of limestone.

vidjet ćete da su mnogi izgrađeni od vapnenca.

And if you look even closer,

A ako pogledate još pažljivije,

you'll see, in that limestone, there are little shells

vidjet ćete u tom vapnencu male školjke

and little skeletons that are piled upon each other.

i male kosture naslagane jedan na drugi.

And then they are fossilized over millions of years.

A zatim su se fosilizirali tijekom milijuna godina.

Now a block of limestone, in itself,

Komad vapnenca, sam po sebi

isn't particularly that interesting.

i nije posebno zanimljiv.

It looks beautiful.

Izgleda prekrasno.

But imagine what the properties of this limestone block might be

Ali zamislite kakve bi karakteristike tog vapnenca mogle biti

if the surfaces were actually

kad bi površina zaista

in conversation with the atmosphere.

razgovarala s atmosferom.

Maybe they could extract carbon dioxide.

Možda bi mogao izvlačiti ugljični dioksid.

Would it give this block of limestone new properties?

Bi li to komadu vapnenca dalo nova obilježja?

Well, most likely it would. It might be able to grow.

Pa, najvjerojatnije bi. Mogao bi biti u stanju rasti.

It might be able to self-repair, and even respond

Mogao bi se sam popravljati, pa čak i odgovoriti

to dramatic changes

na dramatične promjene

in the immediate environment.

u neposrednom okružju.

So, architects are never happy

Arhitekti nikada nisu sretni

with just one block of an interesting material.

samo s jednim blokom zanimljivog materijala.

They think big. Okay?

Oni razmišljaju na veliko. OK?

So when we think about scaling up metabolic materials,

Pa, kad razmišljamo o povećanju metaboličkih materijala,

we can start thinking about ecological interventions

možemo početi misliti o ekološkim intervencijama

like repair of atolls,

poput popravljanja atola,

or reclamation of parts of a city

ili vraćanju dijelova grada

that are damaged by water.

koji su oštećeni vodom.

So, one of these examples

Jedan od takvih primjera

would of course be the historic city of Venice.

bi, naravno, bio povijesni grad Venecija.

Now, Venice, as you know, has a tempestuous relationship with the sea,

Venecija, kao što znate, ima olujni odnos s morem,

and is built upon wooden piles.

i izgrađena je na drvenim stupovima.

So we've devised a way by which it may be possible

Pa smo izumili način na koji je možda moguće

for the protocell technology that we're working with

da protostanična tehnologija s kojom radimo

to sustainably reclaim Venice.

održivo povrati Veneciju.

And architect Christian Kerrigan

Arhitekt Christian Kerrigan

has come up with a series of designs that show us

je napravio niz nacrta koji nam pokazuju

how it may be possible to actually grow a limestone reef

kako bi moglo biti moguće izgraditi greben vapnenca

underneath the city.

ispod grada.

So, here is the technology we have today.

Dakle, to je tehnologija koju danas imamo.

This is our protocell technology,

Ovo je naša protostanična tehnologija,

effectively making a shell, like its limestone forefathers,

koja učinkovito gradi omotač poput svojih vapnenačkih predaka,

and depositing it in a very complex environment,

i odlaže ga u vrlo složenom okružju,

against natural materials.

uz prirodne materijale.

We're looking at crystal lattices to see the bonding process in this.

Promatramo kristalnu strukturu da vidimo proces spajanja.

Now, this is the very interesting part.

Ovo je vrlo zanimljiv dio.

We don't just want limestone dumped everywhere in all the pretty canals.

Ne želimo samo istovariti vapnenac posvuda u te lijepe kanale.

What we need it to do is to be

Ono što želimo je da bude

creatively crafted around the wooden piles.

kreativno oblikovan oko drvenih stupova.

So, you can see from these diagrams that the protocell is actually

Na ovim dijagramima vidite da se protostanica

moving away from the light,

zapravo odmiče od svjetla,

toward the dark foundations.

prema temeljima u tami.

We've observed this in the laboratory.

Promatrali smo to u laboratoriju.

The protocells can actually move away from the light.

Protostanice se doista mogu odmicati od svjetla.

They can actually also move towards the light. You have to just choose your species.

A mogu se isto tako i micati prema svjetlu. Samo morate odabrati vrstu.

So that these don't just exist as one entity,

Tako da one ne postoje u samo jednom obliku,

we kind of chemically engineer them.

mi ih kemijski izrađujemo.

And so here the protocells are depositing their limestone

Pa ovdje protostanice odlažu vapnenac

very specifically, around the foundations of Venice,

vrlo precizno, oko temelja Venecije,

effectively petrifying it.

učinkovito ih okamenjujući.

Now, this isn't going to happen tomorrow. It's going to take a while.

Sad, ovo se neće dogoditi sutra. Trebat će neko vrijeme.

It's going to take years of tuning and monitoring this technology

Trebat će godine prilagođavanja i promatranja ove tehnologije

in order for us to become ready

kako bismo postali spremni

to test it out in a case-by-case basis

testirati je na slučajevima

on the most damaged and stressed buildings within the city of Venice.

najoštećenijih i najviše pogođenih zgrada u Veneciji.

But gradually, as the buildings are repaired,

Ali postupno, kako zgrade budu popravljane,

we will see the accretion of a limestone reef beneath the city.

vidjet ćemo okrupnjavanje vapnenačkog grebena ispod grada.

An accretion itself is a huge sink of carbon dioxide.

Takav greben je ogromni slivnik ugljičnog dioksida.

Also it will attract the local marine ecology,

A privući će i lokalnu morsku ekologiju,

who will find their own ecological niches within this architecture.

koja će pronaći vlastite ekološke niše u ovoj arhitekturi.

So, this is really interesting. Now we have an architecture

Dakle, ovo je doista zanimljivo. Sad imamo arhitekturu

that connects a city to the natural world

koja povezuje grad s prirodnim svijetom

in a very direct and immediate way.

na vrlo izravan i neposredan način.

But perhaps the most exciting thing about it

No, možda je najuzbudljivija stvar u vezi toga

is that the driver of this technology is available everywhere.

ta da je osnova ove tehnologije dostupna svuda.

This is terrestrial chemistry. We've all got it,

Ovo je zemaljska kemija. Svi je imamo.

which means that this technology is just as appropriate

Što znači da je ta tehnologija jednako prikladna

for developing countries as it is

za zemlje u razvoju kao što je

for First World countries.

i za zemlje Prvog svijeta.

So, in summary, I'm generating metabolic materials

Dakle, u sažetku, stvaram metaboličke materijale

as a counterpoise to Victorian technologies,

kao suprotnost viktorijanskoj tehnologiji,

and building architectures from a bottom-up approach.

i gradim arhitektonskim pristupom od dna prema vrhu.

Secondly, these metabolic materials

Drugo, ti metabolički materijali

have some of the properties of living systems,

imaju neke osobine živih sustava,

which means they can perform in similar ways.

što znači da se ponašaju na slične načine.

They can expect to have a lot of forms and functions

Mogu se očekivati mnogi oblici i funkcije

within the practice of architecture.

u okviru praktične arhitekture.

And finally, an observer in the future

Konačno, promatrač u budućnosti

marveling at a beautiful structure in the environment

koji bi se divio prekrasnim strukturama u okolišu,

may find it almost impossible to tell

mogao bi otkriti da je gotovo nemoguće reći

whether this structure

je li određena struktura

has been created by a natural process

stvorena prirodnim

or an artificial one.

ili umjetnim procesom.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)