Amos Winter: The cheap all-terrain wheelchair

496,763 views ใƒป 2012-11-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
Living with a physical disability isn't easy
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื ื›ื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืงืœ
00:19
anywhere in the world,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
00:21
but if you live in a country like the United States,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืืจื”"ื‘,
00:24
there's certain appurtenances available to you that do make life easier.
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ื™ืฉื ื ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
00:27
So if you're in a building, you can take an elevator.
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ื›ืš, ืฉืื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช.
00:29
If you're crossing the street, you have sidewalk cutouts.
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ืื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ, ื™ืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื™ื”,
00:32
And if you have to travel some distance farther
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ื•ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœืื”
00:34
than you can do under your own power, there's accessible vehicles,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืš, ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
00:37
and if you can't afford one of those,
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื“ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉื’ืช ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื”
00:39
there's accessible public transportation.
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ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื”.
00:41
But in the developing world, things are quite different.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™.
00:44
There's 40 million people who need a wheelchair but don't have one,
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40 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื›ืกืื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื.
00:47
and the majority of these people live in rural areas,
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื,
00:51
where the only connections to community, to employment, to education,
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ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืœืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš
00:55
are by traveling long distances on rough terrain
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืช
00:57
often under their own power.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื”ืขืฆืžื™.
01:00
And the devices usually available to these people
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ื•ื”ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ
01:02
are not made for that context, break down quickly,
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ืื™ื ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•, ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืจ
01:05
and are hard to repair.
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ื•ืงืฉื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื.
01:07
I started looking at wheelchairs in developing countries in 2005,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืกืื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘-2005,
01:12
when I spent the summer assessing the state of technology in Tanzania,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืงื™ืฅ ืขืกืงืชื™ ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”
01:15
and I talked to wheelchair users, wheelchair manufacturers, disability groups,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืกืื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื ื›ื™ื,
01:19
and what stood out to me
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™
01:21
is that there wasn't a device available
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงืŸ ื–ืžื™ืŸ
01:24
that was designed for rural areas, that could go fast
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ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื•ืข
01:26
and efficiently on many types of terrain.
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ืžื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
01:29
So being a mechanical engineer,
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ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
01:31
being at MIT and having lots of resources available to me,
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ืž- MIT, ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ,
01:33
I thought I'd try to do something about it.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ืกื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”.
01:36
Now when you're talking about trying to travel
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืข
01:39
long distances on rough terrain,
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ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื,
01:41
I immediately thought of a mountain bike,
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื,
01:43
and a mountain bike's good at doing this
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ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘
01:44
because it has a gear train,
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื,
01:46
and you can shift to a low gear if you have to climb a hill
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื ืžื•ืš ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื”
01:49
or go through mud or sand
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ืื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืœ
01:50
and you get a lot of torque but a low speed.
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ื›ื•ื— ืืš ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
01:52
And if you want to go faster, say on pavement,
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ื•ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื›ื”,
01:54
you can shift to a high gear,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”,
01:56
and you get less torque, but higher speeds.
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ื•ืชืงื‘ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ื›ื•ื—, ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:58
So the logical evolution here
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ืื– ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ ื›ืืŸ
02:00
is to just make a wheelchair with mountain bike components,
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื™ืฆืจ ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืขื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื,
02:02
which many people have done.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืฉื•.
02:04
But these are two products available in the U.S. that
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ืื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
02:07
would be difficult to transfer into developing countries
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื™ืงืจื™ื.
02:10
because they're much, much too expensive.
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02:12
And the context I'm talking about is where
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ื•ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื
02:14
you need to have a product that is less than 200 dollars.
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ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž 200 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
02:18
And this ideal product would also be able to go
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื•ืข
02:21
about five kilometers a day so you could get to your job, get to school,
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ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
02:25
and do it on many, many different types of terrain.
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:27
But when you get home or want to go indoors at your work,
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ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ,
02:30
it's got to be small enough and maneuverable enough to use inside.
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื ื”..
02:34
And furthermore, if you want it to last a long time out in rural areas,
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ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืจื•ื“ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื,
02:37
it has to be repairable using the local tools, materials and knowledge
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ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข
02:41
in those contexts.
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ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืš..
02:44
So the real crux of the problem here is,
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ืื– ื‘ืืžืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื,
02:47
how do you make a system that's a simple device
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜
02:50
but gives you a large mechanical advantage?
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื›ื ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ?
02:53
How do you make a mountain bike for your arms
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื™ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื ืœื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช
02:55
that doesn't have the mountain bike cost and complexity?
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ืœืœื ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื?
02:57
So as is the case with simple solutions,
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ืื– ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื,
03:00
oftentimes the answer is right in front of your face, and for us it was levers.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ืš, ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื”.
ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื‘ื›ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช- ื“ืœืช, ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
03:04
We use levers all the time, in tools, doorknobs, bicycle parts.
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03:08
And that moment of inspiration, that key invention moment,
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ื•ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”, ืจื’ืข ื”ืžืฆืื” ื–ื”,
03:11
was when I was sitting in front of my design notebook
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ืืจืข ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืžื•ืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื™
ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืžื•ื˜ ื”ืคืขืœื”,
03:14
and I started thinking about somebody grabbing a lever,
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03:16
and if they grab near the end of the lever,
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ื•ืื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืกื•ืคื•
03:18
they can get an effectively long lever
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ ื”ืคืขืœื” ืืจื•ืš
03:20
and produce a lot of torque as they push back and forth,
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ื›ื•ื— ื›ืฉื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
03:23
and effectively get a low gear.
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ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื ืžื•ืš.
03:25
And as they slide their hand down the lever,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื˜,
03:28
they can push with a smaller effective lever length,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืขื ืื•ืจืš ืžื•ื˜ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:31
but push through a bigger angle every stroke,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ื“ืจืš ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื”ืœืš,
ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ.
03:33
which makes a faster rotational speed, and gives you an effective high gear.
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03:36
So what's exciting about this system
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•
03:38
is that it's really, really mechanically simple,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช, ื‘ืืžืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืช,
03:41
and you could make it using technology
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
ืฉืžื•ื›ืจืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
03:43
that's been around for hundreds of years.
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03:44
So seeing this in practice,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ,
03:47
this is the Leveraged Freedom Chair that,
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ื–ื”ื• "ื›ื™ืกื ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืžื•ื ืฃ" (LFC),
ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
03:49
after a few years of development,
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03:50
we're now going into production with,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ,
03:52
and this is a full-time wheelchair user --
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”-
03:54
he's paralyzed -- in Guatemala,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ืชืง โ€“ ืžื’ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”
03:56
and you see he's able to traverse pretty rough terrain.
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ื.
04:00
Again, the key innovation of this technology is that when he wants to go fast,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื ื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ,
04:04
he just grabs the levers near the pivots and goes through a big angle every stroke,
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฆื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ืขื”,
04:08
and as the going gets tougher, he just slides his hands up the levers,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื—ืœื™ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช,
04:11
creates more torque, and kind of bench-presses his way
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืžื ื˜-ื›ื•ื—, ืžืขื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžืช ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื—ืœืฅ
04:14
out of trouble through the rough terrain.
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ืžืฆืจื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืงืฉื”.
04:16
Now the big, important point here is that
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื
04:19
the person is the complex machine in this system.
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ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•.
04:22
It's the person that's sliding his hands up and down the levers,
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ื–ื” ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืง ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”,
04:25
so the mechanism itself can be very simple
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜
04:28
and composed of bicycle parts you can get anywhere in the world.
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ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ืœืงื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:31
Because those bicycle parts
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ื›ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืืœื”
04:33
are so ubiquitously available, they're super-cheap.
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ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื ืžืื“ ื–ื•ืœื™ื.
04:35
They're made by the gazillions in China and India,
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ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
04:37
and we can source them anywhere in the world,
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:39
build the chair anywhere, and most importantly repair it,
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื•,
04:42
even out in a village with a local bicycle mechanic
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืชืงืŸ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™
04:44
who has local tools, knowledge and parts available.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื™ื“ืข ื•ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื.
04:49
Now, when you want to use the LFC indoors,
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ื›ืขืช, ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘- LFC ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
04:51
all you have to do is pull the levers out of the drivetrain,
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืžืฉื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื,
04:55
stow them in the frame, and it converts into a normal wheelchair
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ืœืžืงื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ
04:58
that you can use just like any other normal wheelchair,
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ.
05:01
and we sized it like a normal wheelchair,
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ื•ืื ื• ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื–ื”ื” ืœื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ,
05:03
so it's narrow enough to fit through a standard doorway,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฆืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื“ืœืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”,
05:07
it's low enough to fit under a table,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืชื—ืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,
05:11
and it's small and maneuverable enough to fit in a bathroom
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืงืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื—ื“ืจ ืฉืจื•ืชื™ื
05:15
and this is important so the user can get up close to a toilet,
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืืกืœื”,
ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื ื”
05:18
and be able to transfer off
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05:19
just like he could in a normal wheelchair.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืžื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ.
05:25
Now, there's three important points that I want to stress
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ
05:28
that I think really hit home in this project.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื”.
05:32
The first is that this product works well because
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ื™
05:35
we were effectively able to combine
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
05:37
rigorous engineering science and analysis with user-centered design
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ืžื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืžื•ืงืคื“ ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืžืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
05:41
focused on the social and usage and economic factors
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ืฉืžืžื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื
05:45
important to wheelchair users in the developing countries.
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ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
05:47
So I'm an academic at MIT, and I'm a mechanical engineer,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืž- MIT, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
05:50
so I can do things like look at the type of terrain you want to travel on,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉื‘ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ื•ืข,
05:53
and figure out how much resistance it should impose,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืฃ,
05:56
look at the parts we have available and mix and match them
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ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืœืžื–ื’ ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืื•ืชื
05:59
to figure out what sort of gear trains we can use,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ื›ื™ื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ,
06:02
and then look at the power and force you can get out of your upper body
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ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื•ื‘ื”ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืคื• ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ
06:05
to analyze how fast you should be able to go in this chair
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืชื— ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื™ืกื ื–ื”
06:07
as you put your arms up and down the levers.
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ื›ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืžืขืœื” ื•ืžื˜ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”.
06:09
So as a wet-behind-the-ears student, excited,
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ืื– ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื—ืกืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื ืจื’ืฉ,
06:13
our team made a prototype,
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื” ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก,
06:15
brought that prototype to Tanzania, Kenya and Vietnam in 2008,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื‘-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื–ื” ืœื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”, ืงื ื™ื”, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008,
06:20
and found it was terrible
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ืจื
06:22
because we didn't get enough input from users.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืœื˜ ืžืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
06:24
So because we tested it with wheelchair users,
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ืื– ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืขื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื›ืกืื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื,
06:27
with wheelchair manufacturers, we got that feedback from them,
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ืขื ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื›ืกืื•ืช ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ื,
06:30
not just articulating their problems, but articulating their solutions,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืืœื ืืฃ ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื,
06:33
and worked together to go back to the drawing board and make a new design,
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ื•ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืœื•ื— ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื•ืœืขืฆื‘ ื“ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉ,
06:37
which we brought back to East Africa in '09
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ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ 2009
06:39
that worked a lot better than a normal wheelchair on rough terrain,
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ื•ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ,
06:42
but it still didn't work well indoors because it was too big,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™,
06:45
it was heavy, it was hard to move around,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื‘ื“, ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข ืืชื•.
06:47
so again with that user feedback, we went back to the drawing board,
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื–ื”, ื—ื–ืจื ื• ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜
06:50
came up with a better design, 20 pounds lighter,
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ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘-20 ืงื™ืœื•,
06:53
as narrow as a regular wheelchair, tested that in a field trial in Guatemala,
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ืฆืจ ื›ืžื• ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื“ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”
06:56
and that advanced the product to the point
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ื•ื–ื” ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื”
06:58
where we have now that it's going into production.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
07:02
Now also being engineering scientists,
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ื›ืขืช, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื• ืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ื ื“ืกื”,
07:04
we were able to quantify the performance benefits of the Leveraged Freedom Chair,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื›ืžืช ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ "ื›ื™ืกื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžืžื•ื ืฃ",
07:08
so here are some shots of our trial in Guatemala
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืื˜ืžืœื”
07:10
where we tested the LFC on village terrain,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื”-LFC ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ,
07:14
and tested people's biomechanical outputs,
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ื•ืžื“ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•,
07:16
their oxygen consumption, how fast they go,
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ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื,
07:18
how much power they're putting out,
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ื›ืžื” ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื,
ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ืกืื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘-LFC,
07:20
both in their regular wheelchairs and using the LFC,
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07:23
and we found that the LFC is about 80 percent faster
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ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉื”-LFC ื”ื•ื ื›-80% ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:25
going on these terrains than a normal wheelchair.
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ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ.
ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื›- 40 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœ,
07:28
It's also about 40 percent more efficient than a regular wheelchair,
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07:31
and because of the mechanical advantage you get from the levers,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื ื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”,
07:34
you can produce 50 percent higher torque
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืžื ื˜ ื›ื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘- 50 ืื—ื•ื–
07:35
and really muscle your way through the really, really rough terrain.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœืคืœืก ื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืงืจืงืข ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช.
07:39
Now the second lesson that we learned in this is that
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ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื–ื” ื”ื•ื
07:43
the constraints on this design really push the innovation,
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ืฉื”ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
07:46
because we had to hit such a low price point,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื˜ืจื” ื›ื” ื ืžื•ืš,
07:48
because we had to make a device that could travel
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืกื•ืข
07:50
on many, many types of terrain but still be usable indoors,
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ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
07:53
and be simple enough to repair,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืงื ื.
07:55
we ended up with a fundamentally new product,
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื ื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•,
07:58
a new product that is an innovation
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ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ
08:00
in a space that really hasn't changed in a hundred years.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื.
08:03
And these are all merits that are not just good in the developing world.
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ื•ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—.
08:06
Why not in countries like the U.S. too?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืจื”"ื‘?
08:09
So we teamed up with Continuum,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื "ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื",
08:10
a local product design firm here in Boston
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ื™ื•ืงืจืชื™ืช, ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—,
08:13
to make the high-end version, the developed world version,
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08:16
that we'll probably sell primarily in the U.S. and Europe,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ื ืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
08:18
but to higher-income buyers.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:21
And the final point I want to make is that I think
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘
08:24
this project worked well because we engaged
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ืฉืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ืื ื• ื”ื›ื ืกื ื•
08:27
all the stakeholders that buy into this project and are important to consider
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ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ , ื•ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
08:32
in bringing the technology from inception of an idea
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ืœื”ื ืขืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™
08:35
through innovation, validation, commercialization and dissemination,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ื›ืฉืจ , ืžืกื—ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืคืฆื”,
08:39
and that cycle has to start and end with end users.
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ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ืงืฆื”.
08:43
These are the people that define the requirements of the technology,
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
08:46
and these are the people that have to give the thumbs-up at the end,
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
08:48
and say, "Yeah, it actually works. It meets our needs."
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ื•ืœืืžืจ, "ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•."
ืื– ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™,
08:51
So people like me in the academic space,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื ืชื— ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง,
08:53
we can do things like innovate and analyze and test,
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08:56
create data and make bench-level prototypes,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื‘-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื‘ืจืžืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™,
08:59
but how do you get that bench-level prototype to commercialization?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืœืื” ืœืจืžืช ืžืกื—ื•ืจ?
09:02
So we need gap-fillers like Continuum that can work on commercializing,
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ืื– ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืื ื• ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืžืฉืœื™ืžื™-ืคืขืจ ื›ืžื• "ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ื" ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกื—ื•ืจ,
09:06
and we started a whole NGO to bring our chair to market --
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ื•ื™ืกื“ื ื• ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืœื- ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื›ืกื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืฉื•ืง--
09:08
Global Research Innovation Technology --
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"ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœ ืจื™ืกืจืฅ' ืื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™"(ืžื—ืงืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช") --.
09:11
and then we also teamed up with a big manufacturer in India, Pinnacle Industries,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื ื• ื’ื ืขื ื™ืฆืจื ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, "ืคื™ื ืืงืœ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื–",,
09:14
that's tooled up now to make 500 chairs a month
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ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ 500 ื›ืกืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืขื ืกื“ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ 200 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ื,
09:17
and will make the first batch of 200 next month,
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09:18
which will be delivered in India.
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ืฉืชื™ืžืกืจ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
09:20
And then finally, to get this out to the people in scale,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขืค"ื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’,
09:23
we teamed up with the largest disability organization
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืขื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื‘ืขื•ืœื, " ื’'ืื™ืคื•ืจ ืคื•ื˜".
09:26
in the world, Jaipur Foot.
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09:28
Now what's powerful about this model
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ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช
09:30
is when you bring together all these stakeholders
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ืžื–ื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“
09:33
that represent each link in the chain
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ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช
09:35
from inception of an idea
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ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
09:37
all the way to implementation in the field,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืขื“ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—,
09:40
that's where the magic happens.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืงืกื ืงื•ืจื”.
09:42
That's where you can take a guy like me, an academic,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื•ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ืื™ืฉ ืืงื“ืžื™ื”,
09:44
but analyze and test and create a new technology
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ืฉืžื ืชื— ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื™ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
09:47
and quantitatively determine how much better the performance is.
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ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ .
09:51
You can connect with stakeholders like the manufacturers
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื
ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ืฃ
09:54
and talk with them face-to-face and leverage their
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ื™ื“ืข ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื
09:56
local knowledge of manufacturing practices and their clients
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09:59
and combine that knowledge with our engineering knowledge
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ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืฉืœื ื•
10:01
to create something greater than either of us could have done alone.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“.
10:05
And then you can also engage the end user
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืงืฆื”
10:07
in the design process, and not just ask him what he needs,
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš,
10:10
but ask him how he thinks it can be achieved.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื–ืืช.
10:13
And this picture was taken in India in our last field trial,
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ื•ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืฆื•ืœืžื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
10:16
where we had a 90-percent adoption rate where people
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ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืงืฆื‘ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืฉืœ 90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื
ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-"ื›ืกื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžืžื•ื ืฃ" ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืกื ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
10:19
switched to using our Leveraged Freedom Chair over their normal wheelchair,
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10:22
and this picture specifically is of Ashok,
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ื•ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืืฉื•ืง,
10:25
and Ashok had a spinal injury when he fell out of a tree,
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ื•ืืฉื•ืง ืกื‘ืœ ืžืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื ืคื™ืœื” ืžืขืฅ,
10:28
and he had been working at a tailor, but once he was injured
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื—ื™ื™ื˜, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืฆื™ืขื”
10:31
he wasn't able to transport himself from his house
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ื™ืชื• ืœื—ื ื•ืชื•
10:34
over a kilometer to his shop in his normal wheelchair.
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ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืชื•, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืกื ื”ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•.
10:37
The road was too rough.
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืžื“ื™.
10:38
But the day after he got an LFC, he hopped in it,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”-LFC, ื”ื•ื ืงืคืฅ ืœืชื•ื›ื•
10:41
rode that kilometer, opened up his shop
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ื•ื ืกืข ืืช ื”ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
10:43
and soon after landed a contract to make school uniforms
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ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ
10:46
and started making money, started providing for his family again.
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ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคืจื ืก ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.
10:49
Ashok: You also encouraged me to work.
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ืืฉื•ืง: ืืชื” ื’ื ืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
10:51
I rested for a day at home.
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ื ื—ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ื. ืื—ื“,
10:53
The next day I went to my shop.
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ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™.
10:58
Now everything is back to normal.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื—ื–ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœ.
11:01
Amos Winter: And thank you very much for having me today.
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ืขืžื•ืก ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืจ:, ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉืืคืฉืจืชื ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:05
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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