Amos Winter: The cheap all-terrain wheelchair

495,862 views ใƒป 2012-11-20

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Gemma Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jin hong Ju
00:15
Living with a physical disability isn't easy
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์‹ ์ฒด ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
anywhere in the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
00:21
but if you live in a country like the United States,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:24
there's certain appurtenances available to you that do make life easier.
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์ข€ ๋” ํŽธํžˆ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋œ ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
So if you're in a building, you can take an elevator.
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํƒˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:29
If you're crossing the street, you have sidewalk cutouts.
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๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And if you have to travel some distance farther
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ํ˜ผ์ž ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
00:34
than you can do under your own power, there's accessible vehicles,
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์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:37
and if you can't afford one of those,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์—ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:39
there's accessible public transportation.
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๋Œ€์ค‘ ๊ตํ†ต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
But in the developing world, things are quite different.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
There's 40 million people who need a wheelchair but don't have one,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ 4์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
and the majority of these people live in rural areas,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ณจ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:51
where the only connections to community, to employment, to education,
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์‚ฌํšŒ, ์ง์žฅ, ๊ต์œก์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด
00:55
are by traveling long distances on rough terrain
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๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ ๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
00:57
often under their own power.
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์ข…์ข… ํ˜ผ์ž ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
And the devices usually available to these people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๊ฒŒ
01:02
are not made for that context, break down quickly,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚˜๊ณ ,
01:05
and are hard to repair.
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๊ณ ์น˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
I started looking at wheelchairs in developing countries in 2005,
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์ €๋Š” 2005๋…„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
when I spent the summer assessing the state of technology in Tanzania,
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ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜„ํ™ฉ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
and I talked to wheelchair users, wheelchair manufacturers, disability groups,
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์ €๋Š” ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž, ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ, ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:19
and what stood out to me
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์™”๋˜ ์ ์€
01:21
is that there wasn't a device available
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์ง€์—ญ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ๋„
01:24
that was designed for rural areas, that could go fast
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๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€
01:26
and efficiently on many types of terrain.
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์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
So being a mechanical engineer,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณตํ•™๋„๋กœ์„œ
01:31
being at MIT and having lots of resources available to me,
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MIT์— ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
01:33
I thought I'd try to do something about it.
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์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Now when you're talking about trying to travel
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๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:39
long distances on rough terrain,
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๊ทธ ๊ธธ์ด ๊ฑฐ์น ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:41
I immediately thought of a mountain bike,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฐ์•… ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
and a mountain bike's good at doing this
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์•… ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:44
because it has a gear train,
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๊ธฐ์–ด ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
01:46
and you can shift to a low gear if you have to climb a hill
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์–ธ๋•์„ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง„ํ™, ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ
01:49
or go through mud or sand
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๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋กœ ๋ณ€์†ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:50
and you get a lot of torque but a low speed.
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์†๋„๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ํฐ ํšŒ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And if you want to go faster, say on pavement,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•
01:54
you can shift to a high gear,
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๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋กœ ๋ณ€์†ํ•˜์—ฌ
01:56
and you get less torque, but higher speeds.
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ํšŒ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ๋‚ฎ์ง€๋งŒ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
01:58
So the logical evolution here
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์ž๋ฉด
02:00
is to just make a wheelchair with mountain bike components,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‚ฐ์•… ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
which many people have done.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:04
But these are two products available in the U.S. that
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋‘ ์ œํ’ˆ์„
02:07
would be difficult to transfer into developing countries
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„์ฃผ, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
because they're much, much too expensive.
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02:12
And the context I'm talking about is where
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€
02:14
you need to have a product that is less than 200 dollars.
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200 ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
02:18
And this ideal product would also be able to go
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์€
02:21
about five kilometers a day so you could get to your job, get to school,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 5 km ์ฏค ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ง์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:25
and do it on many, many different types of terrain.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
But when you get home or want to go indoors at your work,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค๋‚ด๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
02:30
it's got to be small enough and maneuverable enough to use inside.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ž‘์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And furthermore, if you want it to last a long time out in rural areas,
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€, ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:37
it has to be repairable using the local tools, materials and knowledge
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ, ์žฌ๋ฃŒ, ์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ
02:41
in those contexts.
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์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
So the real crux of the problem here is,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€
02:47
how do you make a system that's a simple device
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
02:50
but gives you a large mechanical advantage?
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ํฐ ์ด์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
How do you make a mountain bike for your arms
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‚ฐ์•… ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ธ๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
02:55
that doesn't have the mountain bike cost and complexity?
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฐ์•… ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:57
So as is the case with simple solutions,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด
03:00
oftentimes the answer is right in front of your face, and for us it was levers.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฝ” ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ, ์†์žก์ด, ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์—์„œ ๋Š˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
We use levers all the time, in tools, doorknobs, bicycle parts.
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03:08
And that moment of inspiration, that key invention moment,
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์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ช…์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์€
03:11
was when I was sitting in front of my design notebook
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ณต์ฑ… ์•ž์— ์•‰์•˜์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
์ €๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:14
and I started thinking about somebody grabbing a lever,
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03:16
and if they grab near the end of the lever,
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๋ ˆ๋ฒ„์˜ ๋์„ ์žก์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด
03:18
they can get an effectively long lever
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ธด ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
and produce a lot of torque as they push back and forth,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ž๋’ค๋กœ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ ํฐ ํšŒ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
03:23
and effectively get a low gear.
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
And as they slide their hand down the lever,
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๋ ˆ๋ฒ„ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์†์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
03:28
they can push with a smaller effective lever length,
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์งง์€ ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:31
but push through a bigger angle every stroke,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด์„œ
๋” ๋น ๋ฅธ ํšŒ์ „ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
which makes a faster rotational speed, and gives you an effective high gear.
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03:36
So what's exciting about this system
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€
03:38
is that it's really, really mechanically simple,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
and you could make it using technology
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์จ์„œ
์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
that's been around for hundreds of years.
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1958
03:44
So seeing this in practice,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
03:47
this is the Leveraged Freedom Chair that,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž๋กœ์„œ
๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋์—
03:49
after a few years of development,
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03:50
we're now going into production with,
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์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
and this is a full-time wheelchair user --
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ๋ฐ
03:54
he's paralyzed -- in Guatemala,
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๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
and you see he's able to traverse pretty rough terrain.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
Again, the key innovation of this technology is that when he wants to go fast,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:04
he just grabs the levers near the pivots and goes through a big angle every stroke,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํšŒ์ „์ถ• ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์žก๊ณ  ๋ฐ€ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํฐ ๊ฐ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
and as the going gets tougher, he just slides his hands up the levers,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด ์ข€ ํ—˜ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ์†์„ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ
04:11
creates more torque, and kind of bench-presses his way
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๋” ํฐ ํšŒ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ฒค์น˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
04:14
out of trouble through the rough terrain.
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๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:16
Now the big, important point here is that
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
04:19
the person is the complex machine in this system.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
It's the person that's sliding his hands up and down the levers,
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์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์ฃ .
04:25
so the mechanism itself can be very simple
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์›๋ฆฌ ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
and composed of bicycle parts you can get anywhere in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:31
Because those bicycle parts
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๊ทธ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€
04:33
are so ubiquitously available, they're super-cheap.
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
They're made by the gazillions in China and India,
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์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
04:37
and we can source them anywhere in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋“  ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
build the chair anywhere, and most importantly repair it,
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
04:42
even out in a village with a local bicycle mechanic
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต์ด
04:44
who has local tools, knowledge and parts available.
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์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ, ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณต์˜ ์ง€์‹๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
Now, when you want to use the LFC indoors,
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์ด์ œ LFC(์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž)๋ฅผ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:51
all you have to do is pull the levers out of the drivetrain,
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๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘์•„์„œ
04:55
stow them in the frame, and it converts into a normal wheelchair
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ํ‹€์†์— ๋ผ์›Œ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณดํ†ต ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
that you can use just like any other normal wheelchair,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:01
and we sized it like a normal wheelchair,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ
05:03
so it's narrow enough to fit through a standard doorway,
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ํ‘œ์ค€ ์ถœ์ž…๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํญ์ด ์ข๊ณ 
05:07
it's low enough to fit under a table,
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์‹ํƒ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ๋งŒํผ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and it's small and maneuverable enough to fit in a bathroom
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์š•์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋งž์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ž‘๊ณ  ์กฐ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
and this is important so the user can get up close to a toilet,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ๋ณ€๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋กœ ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:18
and be able to transfer off
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05:19
just like he could in a normal wheelchair.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชธ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Now, there's three important points that I want to stress
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
that I think really hit home in this project.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ง„์งœ ์š”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:32
The first is that this product works well because
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
we were effectively able to combine
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
rigorous engineering science and analysis with user-centered design
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์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:41
focused on the social and usage and economic factors
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
05:45
important to wheelchair users in the developing countries.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
So I'm an academic at MIT, and I'm a mechanical engineer,
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์ €๋Š” MIT์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ž์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ณตํ•™๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
so I can do things like look at the type of terrain you want to travel on,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ง€ํ˜•์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ 
05:53
and figure out how much resistance it should impose,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
look at the parts we have available and mix and match them
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•ด์„œ
05:59
to figure out what sort of gear trains we can use,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
06:02
and then look at the power and force you can get out of your upper body
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์ƒ์ฒด๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜๊ณผ ์ผ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
06:05
to analyze how fast you should be able to go in this chair
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์†์„ ๋ ˆ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ
06:07
as you put your arms up and down the levers.
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์ด ์˜์ž๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
So as a wet-behind-the-ears student, excited,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ’‹๋‚ด๊ธฐ ํ•™์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์‹ ์ด ๋‚˜์„œ
06:13
our team made a prototype,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์€ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
06:15
brought that prototype to Tanzania, Kenya and Vietnam in 2008,
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2008 ๋…„์— ํƒ„์ž๋‹ˆ์•„, ์ผ€๋ƒ, ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์— ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
06:20
and found it was terrible
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
because we didn't get enough input from users.
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:24
So because we tested it with wheelchair users,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€
06:27
with wheelchair manufacturers, we got that feedback from them,
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ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
not just articulating their problems, but articulating their solutions,
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๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๊นŒ์ง€ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
and worked together to go back to the drawing board and make a new design,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
which we brought back to East Africa in '09
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2009๋…„์— ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
that worked a lot better than a normal wheelchair on rough terrain,
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์ƒˆ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
but it still didn't work well indoors because it was too big,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž‘๋™์ด ์ž˜ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํฌ๊ณ 
06:45
it was heavy, it was hard to move around,
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๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์›Œ์„œ ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
so again with that user feedback, we went back to the drawing board,
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์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ค€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ค๊ณ„์‹ค๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€
06:50
came up with a better design, 20 pounds lighter,
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9 kg ์ฏค ๋” ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
as narrow as a regular wheelchair, tested that in a field trial in Guatemala,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋งŒํผ ์ข๊ณ  ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ ์•ผ์™ธ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:56
and that advanced the product to the point
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋‚˜์™”๊ณ 
06:58
where we have now that it's going into production.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Now also being engineering scientists,
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์ด์ œ ๊ณตํ•™์„ ์ „๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ
07:04
we were able to quantify the performance benefits of the Leveraged Freedom Chair,
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์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
so here are some shots of our trial in Guatemala
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณผํ…Œ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ๋ช‡ ์žฅ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
where we tested the LFC on village terrain,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์„ ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:14
and tested people's biomechanical outputs,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ์ฒด์—ญํ•™ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:16
their oxygen consumption, how fast they go,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
07:18
how much power they're putting out,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ํž˜์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ณดํ†ต ํœ ์ฒด์–ด์™€ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์จ์„œ
07:20
both in their regular wheelchairs and using the LFC,
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07:23
and we found that the LFC is about 80 percent faster
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€ํ˜•์—์„œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ํœ ์ฒด์–ด ๋ณด๋‹ค
07:25
going on these terrains than a normal wheelchair.
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80% ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค 40% ์ •๋„ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:28
It's also about 40 percent more efficient than a regular wheelchair,
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07:31
and because of the mechanical advantage you get from the levers,
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๋ ˆ๋ฒ„์—์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ด์  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:34
you can produce 50 percent higher torque
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50% ๋” ๋†’์€ ํšŒ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
and really muscle your way through the really, really rough terrain.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํŒ” ํž˜๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜๋“  ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
Now the second lesson that we learned in this is that
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋‘๋ฒˆ ์งธ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
07:43
the constraints on this design really push the innovation,
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์ด ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ์ •๋ง ํ˜์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋Œ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
because we had to hit such a low price point,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:48
because we had to make a device that could travel
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•์—๋„ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:50
on many, many types of terrain but still be usable indoors,
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์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
07:53
and be simple enough to repair,
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์ˆ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋„ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:55
we ended up with a fundamentally new product,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
a new product that is an innovation
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๋ฐฑ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๋ง ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
08:00
in a space that really hasn't changed in a hundred years.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:03
And these are all merits that are not just good in the developing world.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Why not in countries like the U.S. too?
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์ข‹๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
08:09
So we teamed up with Continuum,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ปจํ‹ฐ๋Š„(Continuum),
08:10
a local product design firm here in Boston
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ ์„ค๊ณ„ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์™€ ์†์žก๊ณ 
๊ณ ๊ธ‰ํ˜•, ์„ ์ง„๊ตญํ˜•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:13
to make the high-end version, the developed world version,
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08:16
that we'll probably sell primarily in the U.S. and Europe,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ํŒ”๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
08:18
but to higher-income buyers.
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๊ณ ์†Œ๋“์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํŒ” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
And the final point I want to make is that I think
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ ์€
08:24
this project worked well because we engaged
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:27
all the stakeholders that buy into this project and are important to consider
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:32
in bringing the technology from inception of an idea
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:35
through innovation, validation, commercialization and dissemination,
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ํ˜์‹ , ๊ฒ€์ฆ, ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
and that cycle has to start and end with end users.
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๊ทธ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
These are the people that define the requirements of the technology,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
08:46
and these are the people that have to give the thumbs-up at the end,
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๋˜ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์—๋Š” ์—„์ง€ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:48
and say, "Yeah, it actually works. It meets our needs."
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"์˜ˆ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑธ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:51
So people like me in the academic space,
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถ„์„, ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•ด์„œ
08:53
we can do things like innovate and analyze and test,
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08:56
create data and make bench-level prototypes,
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์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:59
but how do you get that bench-level prototype to commercialization?
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:02
So we need gap-fillers like Continuum that can work on commercializing,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปจํ‹ฐ๋Š„ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋นˆํ‹ˆ์„ ๋ฉ”์›Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
and we started a whole NGO to bring our chair to market --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋†“์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด NGO๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
09:08
Global Research Innovation Technology --
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์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜์‹  ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
09:11
and then we also teamed up with a big manufacturer in India, Pinnacle Industries,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๋„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํฐ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ž, 'ํ”ผ๋„ˆํด ์‚ฐ์—…'๊ณผ๋„ ์†์„ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
that's tooled up now to make 500 chairs a month
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ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์— 500๊ฐœ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ท„๊ณ 
๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ์— 200๊ฐœ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
09:17
and will make the first batch of 200 next month,
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09:18
which will be delivered in India.
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์ธ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
And then finally, to get this out to the people in scale,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
09:23
we teamed up with the largest disability organization
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ธ
์ž์ดํ‘ธ๋ฅด ๋ฐœ(Jaipur Foot)๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
in the world, Jaipur Foot.
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09:28
Now what's powerful about this model
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์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
09:30
is when you bring together all these stakeholders
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์ด๋“ค ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ชจ์•˜์„ ๋•Œ
09:33
that represent each link in the chain
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์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋Š” ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
from inception of an idea
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:37
all the way to implementation in the field,
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:40
that's where the magic happens.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
That's where you can take a guy like me, an academic,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ค์™€
09:44
but analyze and test and create a new technology
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๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
09:47
and quantitatively determine how much better the performance is.
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์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚˜์€์ง€ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
You can connect with stakeholders like the manufacturers
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์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ดํ•ด๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ
์–ผ๊ตด์„ ๋งž๋Œ€๊ณ  ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:54
and talk with them face-to-face and leverage their
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Œ“์€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด์„œ
09:56
local knowledge of manufacturing practices and their clients
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09:59
and combine that knowledge with our engineering knowledge
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ณตํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ
10:01
to create something greater than either of us could have done alone.
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
And then you can also engage the end user
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ
10:07
in the design process, and not just ask him what he needs,
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์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:10
but ask him how he thinks it can be achieved.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
And this picture was taken in India in our last field trial,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์•ผ์™ธ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•œ ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
where we had a 90-percent adoption rate where people
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ 90 %์˜ ์ฑ„ํƒ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ†ต ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
switched to using our Leveraged Freedom Chair over their normal wheelchair,
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10:22
and this picture specifically is of Ashok,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์•„์‡ฝ์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:25
and Ashok had a spinal injury when he fell out of a tree,
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์•„์‡ฝ์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
and he had been working at a tailor, but once he was injured
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–‘๋ณต์ ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์นœ ๋’ค๋กœ๋Š”
10:31
he wasn't able to transport himself from his house
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์ง‘์—์„œ 1 km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์–‘๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ
10:34
over a kilometer to his shop in his normal wheelchair.
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๋ณดํ†ต ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
The road was too rough.
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๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฑฐ์น ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:38
But the day after he got an LFC, he hopped in it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋ ›๋Œ€ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ 
10:41
rode that kilometer, opened up his shop
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๊ทธ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
10:43
and soon after landed a contract to make school uniforms
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์— ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต๋ณต์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๋งบ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
10:46
and started making money, started providing for his family again.
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๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:49
Ashok: You also encouraged me to work.
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์•„์‡ฝ: ๋‹น์‹ ๋„ ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์ผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:51
I rested for a day at home.
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์ €๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์‰ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
The next day I went to my shop.
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‚  ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์ฃ .
10:58
Now everything is back to normal.
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ์ •์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
Amos Winter: And thank you very much for having me today.
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์•„๋ชจ์Šค ์œˆํ„ฐ: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ์ •๋ง ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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