What if we replaced politicians with randomly selected people? | Brett Hennig

299,684 views ใƒป 2018-06-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Shlomo Adam ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Alexander Furman
00:12
I want to talk about one of the big questions,
0
12532
3522
ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”:
00:16
perhaps the biggest question:
1
16078
2534
00:18
How should we live together?
2
18636
1840
ืื™ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“?
00:20
How should a group of people, who perhaps live in a city
3
20500
4451
ืื™ืš ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ
00:24
or in the continent
4
24975
1159
ืื• ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉืช ื›ื•ืœื”
ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•,
00:26
or even the whole globe,
5
26158
1284
00:27
share and manage common resources?
6
27466
2770
ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื?
00:30
How should we make the rules that govern us?
7
30260
2952
ืื™ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื•ืงืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•?
00:33
This has always been an important question.
8
33236
2301
ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
00:35
And today, I think it's even more important than ever
9
35561
2786
ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืชืžื™ื“
00:38
if we want to address rising inequality, climate change, the refugee crisis,
10
38371
5110
ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ, ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
00:43
just to name a few major issues.
11
43505
2580
ืื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ื•ืขืจื™ื.
00:46
It's also a very old question.
12
46109
2706
ื–ืืช ื’ื ืฉืืœื” ืขืชื™ืงื” ืžืื“.
00:48
Humans have been asking themselves this question
13
48839
2398
ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉืืœื• ื–ืืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื
00:51
ever since we lived in organized societies.
14
51261
2935
ืžืื– ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ืจื’ื ื•ืช.
00:54
Like this guy, Plato.
15
54220
2138
ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
00:56
He thought we needed benevolent guardians
16
56786
2125
ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ื• ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™-ืœื‘
00:58
who could make decisions for the greater good of everyone.
17
58935
3736
ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
01:02
Kings and queens thought they could be those guardians,
18
62695
3579
ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื™ื ืืœื”,
01:06
but during various revolutions, they tended to lose their heads.
19
66298
3620
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื ื˜ื• ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ.
01:10
And this guy, you probably know.
20
70473
2398
ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
01:12
Here in Hungary, you lived for many years
21
72895
2071
ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ื—ื™ื™ืชื ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช
01:14
under one attempt to implement his answer of how to live together.
22
74990
4077
ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืœืฉืืœื” ืื™ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
01:19
His answer was brutal, cruel and inhumane.
23
79886
3079
ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ืกื”, ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช ื•ื‘ืœืชื™-ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
01:23
But a different answer, a different kind of answer,
24
83315
3183
ืื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช, ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ,
01:26
which went more or less into hibernation for 2,000 years,
25
86522
3865
ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืจื“ืžืช-ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืš 2,000 ืฉื ื”,
01:30
has had profound recent success.
26
90411
3117
ื–ื›ืชื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘ื”.
01:33
That answer is, of course, democracy.
27
93552
2484
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ "ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”".
01:36
If we take a quick look at the modern history of democracy,
28
96839
3325
ืื ื ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช,
ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืš:
01:40
it goes something like this.
29
100188
1635
01:41
Along here, we're going to put the last 200 years.
30
101847
3293
ื›ืืŸ ื ืจืฉื•ื ืืช 200 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
ื›ืืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” - ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
01:45
Up here, we're going to put the number of democracies.
31
105164
3016
01:48
And the graph does this,
32
108204
1928
ื•ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืš.
01:50
the important point of which,
33
110569
1826
ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘
01:52
is this extraordinary increase over time,
34
112419
3253
ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
01:55
which is why the 20th century
35
115696
1778
ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืžืื” ื”-20
01:57
has been called the century of democracy's triumph,
36
117498
3143
ื›ื•ื ืชื” "ื”ืžืื” ืฉืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”",
02:00
and why, as Francis Fukuyama said in 1989,
37
120665
3428
ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจื ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืงื•ื™ืืžื” ื‘-1989,
ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืืœ ืงืฅ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
02:04
some believe that we have reached the end of history,
38
124117
3005
ื•ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ืื™ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื ืขื ืชื”,
02:07
that the question of how to live together has been answered,
39
127146
3662
02:10
and that answer is liberal democracy.
40
130832
2480
ื›ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื "ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช".
02:13
Let's explore that assertion, though.
41
133696
2080
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื” ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื•.
02:15
I want to find out what you think.
42
135800
1856
ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
02:17
So I'm going to ask you two questions,
43
137680
1889
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช,
02:19
and I want you to put your hands up
44
139593
1745
ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืชืจื™ืžื• ื™ื“ ืื ืืชื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื.
02:21
if you agree.
45
141362
1151
02:22
The first question is: Who thinks living in a democracy is a good thing?
46
142537
4278
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื: ืžื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”?
02:27
Who likes democracy?
47
147246
1462
ืžื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”?
02:28
If you can think of a better system, keep your hands down.
48
148732
3000
ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื“ื™ืคื”, ืฉืœื ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื“.
02:31
Don't worry about those who didn't raise their hands,
49
151756
2492
ืืœ ืชื™ื˜ืจื“ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื”ืจื™ืžื• ื™ื“.
ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
02:34
I'm sure they mean very well.
50
154272
1400
02:35
The second question is:
51
155696
1509
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื:
02:37
Who thinks our democracies are functioning well?
52
157229
3280
ืžื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชืคืงื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘?
02:41
Come on, there must be one politician in the audience somewhere.
53
161908
3045
ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ืื—ื“.
02:44
(Laughter)
54
164977
1100
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ืœื.
02:46
No.
55
166101
1150
ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื
02:47
But my point is, if liberal democracy is the end of history,
56
167275
4704
ืฉืื ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ืช ืžืกืžื ืช ืืช ืงืฅ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
ืื– ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ืขืฆื•ื ืื• ืกืชื™ืจื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
02:52
then there's a massive paradox or contradiction here.
57
172003
3611
02:55
Why is that?
58
175967
1152
ื•ืžื“ื•ืข?
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืื™ื“ืืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
02:57
Well, the first question is about the ideal of democracy,
59
177143
3851
[ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ืฆื“ืง, ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ]
03:01
and all these qualities are very appealing.
60
181018
2850
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ืžืื“,
03:04
But in practice, it's not working.
61
184345
2016
ืืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
03:06
And that's the second question.
62
186385
1730
ื•ื–ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืงื•ืœืงืช, ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื,
03:08
Our politics is broken, our politicians aren't trusted,
63
188139
4184
03:12
and the political system is distorted by powerful vested interests.
64
192347
4140
ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ืข"ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™-ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
03:17
I think there's two ways to resolve this paradox.
65
197259
3000
ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืก ื–ื”.
03:20
One is to give up on democracy; it doesn't work.
66
200656
3279
ื”ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”: ื”ื™ื ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
03:23
Let's elect a populist demagogue who will ignore democratic norms,
67
203959
3697
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืžื•ื’ื’ ืคื•ืคื•ืœื™ืกื˜ ืฉื™ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช,
03:27
trample on liberal freedoms
68
207680
1502
ื™ืจืžื•ืก ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช
03:29
and just get things done.
69
209206
1633
ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื“ืื’ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืชื‘ืฆืขื•.
03:30
The other option, I think, is to fix this broken system,
70
210863
3897
ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืœืช,
03:34
to bring the practice closer to the ideal
71
214784
2857
ืœืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”,
03:37
and put the diverse voices of society in our parliaments
72
217665
3484
ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
ื•ืœืืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื•ืงืง ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื™ื, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช
03:41
and get them to make considered, evidence-based laws
73
221173
2984
ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื™ืžื™ื.
03:44
for the long-term good of everyone.
74
224181
2040
03:46
Which brings me to my epiphany,
75
226245
2293
ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™,
03:48
my moment of enlightenment.
76
228562
1635
ืจื’ืข ื”ื”ืืจื” ืฉืœื™.
ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื™ื.
03:50
And I want you to get critical.
77
230221
1532
03:51
I want you to ask yourselves, "Why wouldn't this work?"
78
231777
2799
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืืœื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื, "ืœืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“?"
03:54
And then come and talk to me afterwards about it.
79
234600
2333
ื•ืื—"ื› ืชื‘ื•ืื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
03:57
Its technical name is "sortition."
80
237363
2383
ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื "ืกื•ืจื˜ื™ืฆื™ื”".
04:00
But its common name is "random selection."
81
240196
2452
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื "ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืืงืจืื™ืช".
04:03
And the idea is actually very simple:
82
243029
2944
ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“:
04:06
we randomly select people and put them in parliament.
83
246537
3206
ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™ ื•ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื.
04:10
(Laughter)
84
250148
1151
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:11
Let's think about that for a few more minutes, shall we?
85
251323
2683
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื, ื˜ื•ื‘?
ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืื•ืชืš ื•ืื•ืชืš ื•ืื•ืชืš ื•ืื•ืชืš ื•ืื•ืชืš
04:14
Imagine we chose you and you and you and you and you down there
86
254030
4444
04:18
and a bunch of other random people,
87
258498
2031
ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื,
04:20
and we put you in our parliament for the next couple of years.
88
260553
3142
ื•ื ื›ื ื™ืก ืืชื›ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
04:23
Of course, we could stratify the selection to make sure that it matched
89
263719
4269
ื ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืคืœื— ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ืืžืช
ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ
04:28
the socioeconomic and demographic profile of the country
90
268012
3580
04:31
and was a truly representative sample of people.
91
271616
3382
ื•ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื“ื’ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื:
50% ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื ืฉื™ื.
04:35
Fifty percent of them would be women.
92
275022
2578
04:37
Many of them would be young, some would be old,
93
277624
2810
ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
04:40
a few would be rich,
94
280458
1325
ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื,
04:41
but most of them would be ordinary people like you and me.
95
281807
3982
ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื›ื ื•ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
04:46
This would be a microcosm of society.
96
286396
3699
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
04:50
And this microcosm would simulate how we would all think,
97
290119
4212
ื•ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืงื•ืกืžื•ืก ื”ื–ื” ื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
04:54
if we had the time, the information
98
294355
3044
ืื™ืœื• ืขืžื“ื• ืœืจืฉื•ืชื ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
04:57
and a good process to come to the moral crux of political decisions.
99
297423
4577
ื•ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืงืœื•ืข ืœืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืช ืื• ืืชื” ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ืืช,
05:02
And although you may not be in that group,
100
302024
2063
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœืš, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœืš,
05:04
someone of your age, someone of your gender,
101
304111
2151
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืš ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืจืงืข ืฉืœืš
05:06
someone from your location and someone with your background
102
306286
2873
05:09
would be in that room.
103
309183
1466
ื™ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื“ืจ.
05:11
The decisions made by these people would build on the wisdom of crowds.
104
311743
4120
ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืชืชืงื‘ืœื ื” ืข"ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืชืฉืื‘ื ื” ืžื—ื•ื›ืžืช ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื.
05:15
They would become more than the sum of their parts.
105
315887
2396
ื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื›ื•ื ื—ืœืงื™ื”ื.
05:18
They would become critical thinkers
106
318307
2024
ื”ื ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืขื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ื,
05:20
with access to experts,
107
320355
1820
ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื.
05:22
who would be on tap but not on top.
108
322199
3132
05:25
And they could prove that diversity can trump ability
109
325355
3508
ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื
05:28
when confronting the wide array of societal questions and problems.
110
328887
4860
ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงืฉืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
05:34
It would not be government by public opinion poll.
111
334466
3855
ื–ืืช ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคื™ ืกืงืจื™ ื“ืขืช ืงื”ืœ.
05:38
It would not be government by referendum.
112
338855
3190
ื–ืืช ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืืœ ืขื.
ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข, ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
05:42
These informed, deliberating people would move beyond public opinion
113
342069
5207
05:47
to the making of public judgments.
114
347300
2614
ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
05:50
However, there would be one major side effect:
115
350866
3221
ืื‘ืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืคืขืช-ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืื—ืช:
05:54
if we replaced elections with sortition
116
354724
2832
ืื ื ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ืจื˜ื™ืฆื™ื”,
05:57
and made our parliament truly representative of society,
117
357580
3688
ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
06:01
it would mean the end of politicians.
118
361292
2849
ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื”: ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื.
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื“ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
06:04
And I'm sure we'd all be pretty sad to see that.
119
364165
2499
06:06
(Laughter)
120
366688
2098
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:08
Very interestingly,
121
368810
1712
ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื“,
06:10
random selection was a key part of how democracy was done
122
370546
3689
ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืืงืจืื™ืช ืžื™ืœืื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืชื•ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”.
06:14
in ancient Athens.
123
374259
1866
ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื™ "ืงืœืจื•ื˜ืจื™ื”".
06:16
This machine, this device, is called a kleroteria.
124
376149
3373
06:19
It's an ancient Athenian random-selection device.
125
379546
3483
ื–ื”ื• ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืืงืจืื™ืช ืžืืชื•ื ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”.
ื”ืืชื•ื ืื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™
06:23
The ancient Athenians randomly selected citizens
126
383053
3223
06:26
to fill the vast majority of their political posts.
127
386300
4100
ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
06:30
They knew that elections were aristocratic devices.
128
390828
4075
ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”.
06:34
They knew that career politicians were a thing to be avoided.
129
394927
4206
ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืงืจื™ื™ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื’ื ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:39
And I think we know these things as well.
130
399157
2507
06:41
But more interesting than the ancient use of random selection
131
401688
3793
ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืืงืจืื™ืช
06:45
is its modern resurgence.
132
405505
2172
ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
06:47
The rediscovery of the legitimacy of random selection in politics
133
407701
4730
ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืืงืจืื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”
06:52
has become so common lately,
134
412455
1864
ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ื” ื ืคื•ืฆื”,
06:54
that there's simply too many examples to talk about.
135
414343
2686
ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš.
ืื ื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข ืžืื“ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”
06:57
Of course, I'm very aware that it's going to be difficult
136
417053
2786
06:59
to institute this in our parliaments.
137
419863
2627
ืœืžืกื“ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:02
Try this -- say to your friend,
138
422514
1714
ื ืกื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื: ืื™ืžืจื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
07:04
"I think we should populate our parliament with randomly selected people."
139
424252
3809
"ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืื›ืœืก ืืช ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงืจืื™."
- "ืืชื” ืžืชืœื•ืฆืฅ?
07:08
"Are you joking?
140
428085
1165
07:09
What if my neighbor gets chosen?
141
429274
1534
"ืžื” ืื ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™?
07:10
The fool can't even separate his recycling."
142
430832
2475
"ื”ื˜ืžื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืžื—ื–ืจ."
07:13
But the perhaps surprising but overwhelming and compelling evidence
143
433331
4746
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ืืš ื”ืžื›ืจืขืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช
ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
07:18
from all these modern examples
144
438101
1921
ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
07:20
is that it does work.
145
440046
1944
ืื ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจืื™.
07:22
If you give people responsibility, they act responsibly.
146
442014
4124
07:26
Don't get me wrong -- it's not a panacea.
147
446678
2256
ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ: ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืชืจื•ืคืช-ืคืœื.
07:28
The question is not: Would this be perfect?
148
448958
3008
ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื”: "ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉืœื?"
07:31
Of course not.
149
451990
1151
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื.
ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื”ื ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžืขื•ื•ืชื•ืช.
07:33
People are fallibly human,
150
453165
1365
07:34
and distorting influences will continue to exist.
151
454554
2940
07:37
The question is: Would it be better?
152
457875
2701
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื: "ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ?"
07:40
And the answer to that question, to me at least, is obviously yes.
153
460600
4628
ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื•, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ "ื›ืŸ".
07:45
Which gets us back to our original question:
154
465252
3215
ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”:
07:49
How should we live together?
155
469010
1941
ืื™ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“?
07:50
And now we have an answer:
156
470975
1754
ื•ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”:
07:52
with a parliament that uses sortition.
157
472753
3361
ืขื ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืจื˜ื™ืฆื™ื”.
07:56
But how would we get from here to there?
158
476745
2848
ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืš?
07:59
How could we fix our broken system
159
479617
2341
ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืœืงืช ืฉืœื ื•
08:01
and remake democracy for the 21st century?
160
481982
3275
ื•ืœืฉืงื ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-21?
08:05
Well, there are several things that we can do,
161
485784
3222
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื™ื.
08:09
and that are, in fact, happening right now.
162
489030
3071
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื˜ื™ืฆื™ื”.
08:12
We can experiment with sortition.
163
492125
1842
08:13
We can introduce it to schools and workplaces and other institutions,
164
493991
4229
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
ื›ืžื• ืฉ"ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ" ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืœื™ื‘ื™ื”.
08:18
like Democracy In Practice is doing in Bolivia.
165
498244
3087
08:21
We can hold policy juries and citizens' assemblies,
166
501355
3198
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืืกื™ืคื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื,
08:24
like the newDemocracy Foundation is doing in Australia,
167
504577
3034
ื›ืžื• ืฉ"ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”" ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื”,
08:27
like the Jefferson Center is doing in the US
168
507635
2412
ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืจื›ื– ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ืื™ืจืœื ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”.
08:30
and like the Irish government is doing right now.
169
510071
2980
08:33
We could build a social movement demanding change,
170
513508
2896
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืชืชื‘ืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
08:36
which is what the Sortition Foundation is doing in the UK.
171
516428
3207
ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกื•ืจื˜ื™ืฆื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
08:40
And at some point, we should institute it.
172
520062
2420
ื•ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžืกื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:42
Perhaps the first step would be a second chamber in our parliament,
173
522506
4278
ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื•
08:46
full of randomly selected people --
174
526808
2174
ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืืงืจืื™ --
ืกื ืื˜ ืื–ืจื—ื™, ืื ืชืจืฆื•.
08:49
a citizens' senate, if you will.
175
529006
2294
ื‘ืฆืจืคืช ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืžืื‘ืง ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ ืกื ืื˜ ืื–ืจื—ื™
08:51
There's a campaign for a citizens' senate in France
176
531324
3109
08:54
and another campaign in Scotland,
177
534457
2247
ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืกืงื•ื˜ืœื ื“,
08:56
and it could, of course, be done right here in Hungary.
178
536728
3079
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”.
08:59
That would be kind of like a Trojan horse right into the heart of government.
179
539831
4940
ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ืื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
09:05
And then, when it becomes impossible
180
545136
1981
ื•ืื–, ื›ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืืคืฉืจื™
ืœื”ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
09:07
to patch over the cracks in the current system,
181
547141
2555
09:09
we must step up and replace elections with sortition.
182
549720
3223
ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืจื˜ื™ืฆื™ื”.
09:13
I have hope.
183
553332
1254
ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
09:14
Here in Hungary, systems have been created,
184
554610
2332
ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”, ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื•
09:16
and systems have been torn down and replaced
185
556966
2087
ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื’ื ื”ื•ืคืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
09:19
in the past.
186
559077
1209
09:20
Change can and does happen.
187
560310
2816
ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื•ืื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจื”.
09:23
It's just a matter of when and how.
188
563150
2612
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืชื™ ื•ืื™ืš.
09:25
Thank you. (Hungarian) Thank you.
189
565786
1603
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. (ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ืช) ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:27
(Applause)
190
567413
2604
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7