What if we replaced politicians with randomly selected people? | Brett Hennig

299,684 views

2018-06-26 ・ TED


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What if we replaced politicians with randomly selected people? | Brett Hennig

299,684 views ・ 2018-06-26

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kyo young Chu κ²€ν† : Ju Hye Lim
00:12
I want to talk about one of the big questions,
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„
00:16
perhaps the biggest question:
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ν•˜λ‚˜ μ—¬μ­™κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
How should we live together?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 곡쑴해야 ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:20
How should a group of people, who perhaps live in a city
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같은 λ„μ‹œλ‚˜ 같은 λŒ€λ₯™, μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 심지어 같은 ν–‰μ„±μ—μ„œ
00:24
or in the continent
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μ‚¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 집단이
00:26
or even the whole globe,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ³΅κ³΅μžμ›μ„
00:27
share and manage common resources?
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λ‚˜λˆ„κ³  관리해야 ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:30
How should we make the rules that govern us?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” κ·œμœ¨μ„ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
00:33
This has always been an important question.
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μ΄λŠ” 항상 μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
And today, I think it's even more important than ever
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그리고 μ €λŠ” 이 질문이 μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ”μš± μ€‘μš”ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
if we want to address rising inequality, climate change, the refugee crisis,
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μ‹¬ν•΄μ§€λŠ” λΆˆν‰λ“±, κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™”, λ‚œλ―Ό μœ„κΈ° λ“±κ³Ό 같은
00:43
just to name a few major issues.
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큰 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€λ©΄μš”.
00:46
It's also a very old question.
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그리고 μ΄λŠ” 였래된 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
Humans have been asking themselves this question
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인λ₯˜λŠ” μ²΄κ³„ν™”λœ μ‚¬νšŒμ— μ‚΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ 이래둜
00:51
ever since we lived in organized societies.
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μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ 이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ Έμ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Like this guy, Plato.
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ν”ŒλΌν†€μ΄ 그랬던 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌμš”.
00:56
He thought we needed benevolent guardians
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κ·ΈλŠ” 곡읡을 μœ„ν•œ 결정을 내릴 수 μžˆλŠ”
00:58
who could make decisions for the greater good of everyone.
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μžμ• λ‘œμš΄ λ³΄ν˜Έμžκ°€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Kings and queens thought they could be those guardians,
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μ™•μ΄λ‚˜ 여왕은 본인이 κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ λ³΄ν˜Έμžκ°€ 될 수 μžˆμ„ 거라 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
01:06
but during various revolutions, they tended to lose their heads.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 혁λͺ…을 κ±°μΉ˜λ©΄μ„œ λͺ©μ΄ λ‚ μ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
And this guy, you probably know.
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이 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ„ μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
Here in Hungary, you lived for many years
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ν—κ°€λ¦¬μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ
01:14
under one attempt to implement his answer of how to live together.
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곡쑴을 μœ„ν•œ 그의 해닡을 μ μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
His answer was brutal, cruel and inhumane.
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그의 해닡은 μž”μΈν•˜κ³ λ„ 비인λ₯œμ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
But a different answer, a different kind of answer,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€λ‚œ 2,000λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ 관심 받지 λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜
01:26
which went more or less into hibernation for 2,000 years,
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μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 해닡이
01:30
has had profound recent success.
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— 크게 μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
That answer is, of course, democracy.
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κ·Έ 해닡은 λ¬Όλ‘  λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
If we take a quick look at the modern history of democracy,
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민주주의의 κ·ΌλŒ€μ‚¬λ₯Ό 잠깐 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄,
01:40
it goes something like this.
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이와 λΉ„μŠ·ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
Along here, we're going to put the last 200 years.
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XμΆ•μ—λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 200년이 μžˆκ³ μš”,
01:45
Up here, we're going to put the number of democracies.
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YμΆ•μ—λŠ” 민주주의의 숫자λ₯Ό ν‘œμ‹œν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
And the graph does this,
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κ·Έλž˜ν”„λŠ” 이런 λͺ¨μ–‘인데
01:50
the important point of which,
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
01:52
is this extraordinary increase over time,
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μ‹œκ°„μ— μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ κΈ‰κ²©ν•˜κ²Œ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
which is why the 20th century
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이유둜 20μ„ΈκΈ°λ₯Ό
01:57
has been called the century of democracy's triumph,
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μŠΉλ¦¬ν•œ μ‹œκΈ°λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λ©°,
02:00
and why, as Francis Fukuyama said in 1989,
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1989λ…„ ν”„λž€μ‹œμŠ€ ν›„μΏ μ•Όλ§ˆκ°€ λ§ν–ˆλ“―μ΄
02:04
some believe that we have reached the end of history,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ³΅μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 방법에 λŒ€ν•œ 해닡이 λ°ν˜€μ Έμ„œ
02:07
that the question of how to live together has been answered,
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μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 쒅언에 λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆκ³ 
02:10
and that answer is liberal democracy.
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κ·Έ 닡은 λ°”λ‘œ 자유 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
Let's explore that assertion, though.
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이 μ£Όμž₯을 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
I want to find out what you think.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 생각을 μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άκ±°λ“ μš”.
02:17
So I'm going to ask you two questions,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 두 가지 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ“œλ¦΄ν…λ°μš”.
02:19
and I want you to put your hands up
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λ™μ˜ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 뢄은
02:21
if you agree.
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손을 λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
02:22
The first question is: Who thinks living in a democracy is a good thing?
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첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 쒋은 거라 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
02:27
Who likes democracy?
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민주주의λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
02:28
If you can think of a better system, keep your hands down.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ μ²΄μ œκ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ 손을 듀지 λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
02:31
Don't worry about those who didn't raise their hands,
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손을 듀지 μ•ŠμœΌμ‹  뢄듀을 κ±±μ •ν•˜μ‹€ ν•„μš”λŠ” μ—†μ–΄μš”.
02:34
I'm sure they mean very well.
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μ°©ν•œ 뢄듀이라고 μ €λŠ” λ―Ώμ–΄μš”.
02:35
The second question is:
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두 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
Who thinks our democracies are functioning well?
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ 잘 κΈ°λŠ₯ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?
02:41
Come on, there must be one politician in the audience somewhere.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에 μ •μΉ˜μΈμ΄ ν•˜λ‚˜μ―€μ€ 계싀 거라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
02:44
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:46
No.
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μ•„λ‹Œκ°€ λ³΄λ„€μš”.
02:47
But my point is, if liberal democracy is the end of history,
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μš”μ§€λŠ”, 자유 λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 쒅언이라면,
02:52
then there's a massive paradox or contradiction here.
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μ•„μ£Ό 큰 λͺ¨μˆœμ΄ 있게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Why is that?
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μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
02:57
Well, the first question is about the ideal of democracy,
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첫 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 민주주의의 이상ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
03:01
and all these qualities are very appealing.
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이 νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ‘ ꡉμž₯히 맀λ ₯μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
But in practice, it's not working.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  있죠.
03:06
And that's the second question.
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그리고 그게 두 번째 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
Our politics is broken, our politicians aren't trusted,
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μ •μΉ˜λŠ” λ§κ°€μ‘Œκ³ , μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ •μΉ˜μΈμ„ μ‹ λ’°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³ ,
03:12
and the political system is distorted by powerful vested interests.
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μ •μΉ˜ μ²΄κ³„λŠ” κ°•λ ₯ν•œ κΈ°λ“κΆŒμ˜ 이해관계에 μ˜ν•΄ μ™œκ³‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
I think there's two ways to resolve this paradox.
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이 λͺ¨μˆœμ„ ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 방법에 두 가지가 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ €λŠ” μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
One is to give up on democracy; it doesn't work.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” 민주주의λ₯Ό ν¬κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€. νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μž–μ•„μš”.
03:23
Let's elect a populist demagogue who will ignore democratic norms,
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λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ 인기만 μ‹ κ²½μ“°κ³  민주적인 κ·œλ²”μ€ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜κ³ ,
03:27
trample on liberal freedoms
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우리의 자유λ₯Ό μ§“λ°ŸλŠ”,
03:29
and just get things done.
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일만 μž˜ν•˜λŠ” μ§€λ„μžλ₯Ό λ½‘μ•„μš”.
03:30
The other option, I think, is to fix this broken system,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ•ˆμ€ 망가진 체계λ₯Ό 고치고
03:34
to bring the practice closer to the ideal
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μ‹€μ œλ₯Ό 이상과 κ°€κΉκ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
03:37
and put the diverse voices of society in our parliaments
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μ˜νšŒμ— λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ˜κ²¬λ“€μ΄ 있게 ν•˜κ³ 
03:41
and get them to make considered, evidence-based laws
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ μž₯기적으둜 이읡이 되며, μ‹¬μ‚¬μˆ™κ³ ν•œ, 증거에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ
03:44
for the long-term good of everyone.
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λ²•μ•ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Which brings me to my epiphany,
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그럼 μ œκ°€ μ–»μ—ˆλ˜ κΉ¨λ‹¬μŒμ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
03:48
my moment of enlightenment.
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03:50
And I want you to get critical.
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λΉ„νŒμ μœΌλ‘œ 생각해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
03:51
I want you to ask yourselves, "Why wouldn't this work?"
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μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. "μ™œ 잘 μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 걸까?"
03:54
And then come and talk to me afterwards about it.
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그리고 제게 말씀해 μ£Όμ…¨μœΌλ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
Its technical name is "sortition."
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ν•™λ¬Έμ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” "좔첨"이라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
But its common name is "random selection."
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μΌλ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” "μž„μ˜ μ„ μΆœ"이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
And the idea is actually very simple:
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ꡉμž₯히 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ μ•„μ΄λ””μ–΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
we randomly select people and put them in parliament.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μž„μ˜λ‘œ κ³¨λΌμ„œ μ˜νšŒμ— λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것이죠.
04:10
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
04:11
Let's think about that for a few more minutes, shall we?
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쑰금만 더 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”?
04:14
Imagine we chose you and you and you and you and you down there
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λͺ‡ λΆ„λ“€μ΄λž‘, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μž„μ˜λ‘œ κ³¨λΌμ„œ
04:18
and a bunch of other random people,
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ν–₯ν›„ λͺ‡ λ…„ κ°„ μ˜νšŒμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ²Œ
04:20
and we put you in our parliament for the next couple of years.
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λ§Œλ“ λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
04:23
Of course, we could stratify the selection to make sure that it matched
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λ¬Όλ‘  λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒκ²½μ œμ  λ°°κ²½κ³Ό
04:28
the socioeconomic and demographic profile of the country
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인ꡬ학적 배경을 λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λ„λ‘
04:31
and was a truly representative sample of people.
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계측을 λ‚˜λˆ μ„œ λŒ€ν‘œμ„± 있게 좔첨할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
Fifty percent of them would be women.
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μ ˆλ°˜μ€ 여성이겠죠.
04:37
Many of them would be young, some would be old,
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λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ μ Šμ„ 것이고, 노인도 일뢀 μžˆμ„ 것이며
04:40
a few would be rich,
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λΆ€μžλ„ μ•½κ°„ μžˆκ² μ§€λ§Œ
04:41
but most of them would be ordinary people like you and me.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄λ‚˜ μ €μ²˜λŸΌ ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
This would be a microcosm of society.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μΆ•μ†ŒνŒκ°™μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
And this microcosm would simulate how we would all think,
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이 μΆ•μ†ŒνŒμ€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ μ‹œκ°„κ³Ό 정보,
04:54
if we had the time, the information
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도덕적인 μ •μΉ˜μ  결정을 내리기 μœ„ν•œ
04:57
and a good process to come to the moral crux of political decisions.
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쒋은 λ°©μ•ˆμ΄ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  생각듀을 μ—Ώλ³΄κ²Œ 해쀄 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:02
And although you may not be in that group,
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비둝 μžμ‹ μ€ κ·Έ 집단에 없더라도,
05:04
someone of your age, someone of your gender,
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μžμ‹ κ³Ό 같은 λ‚˜μ΄, 성별, μ‚¬λŠ” 지역과
05:06
someone from your location and someone with your background
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배경을 가진 λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λŠ”
05:09
would be in that room.
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κ·Έ 집단에 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:11
The decisions made by these people would build on the wisdom of crowds.
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이 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 결정은 집단 지성에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 것일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:15
They would become more than the sum of their parts.
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개인의 합보닀 더 큰 효과λ₯Ό λ‚Ό 것이며
05:18
They would become critical thinkers
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μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€μ˜ λ„μ›€μœΌλ‘œ
05:20
with access to experts,
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λΉ„νŒμ μΈ 사고λ₯Ό ν•˜λ©°
05:22
who would be on tap but not on top.
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지배 계측이 μ•„λ‹Œ μ–Έμ œλ“  λ§Œλ‚  수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μΌ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
And they could prove that diversity can trump ability
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또 μ—¬λŸ¬ μ‚¬νšŒμ  문제λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ£Όν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
05:28
when confronting the wide array of societal questions and problems.
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닀양성이 λŠ₯λ ₯을 이길 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 증λͺ…ν•΄ 쀄 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
It would not be government by public opinion poll.
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여둠쑰사에 μ˜ν•œ 정뢀도 아닐 것이며
05:38
It would not be government by referendum.
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κ΅­λ―Όνˆ¬ν‘œμ— μ˜ν•œ 정뢀도 아닐 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:42
These informed, deliberating people would move beyond public opinion
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μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό 가지고 μˆ™κ³ ν•˜λŠ” 이 집단은 단지 여둠을 λ„˜μ–΄
05:47
to the making of public judgments.
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λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ νŒλ‹¨μ„ λ‚΄λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹¨κ³„κΉŒμ§€ 갈 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
However, there would be one major side effect:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 큰 λΆ€μž‘μš©μ΄ ν•˜λ‚˜ μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
if we replaced elections with sortition
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μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό μΆ”μ²¨μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΎΈκ³ ,
05:57
and made our parliament truly representative of society,
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μ˜νšŒκ°€ 우리 μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ λŒ€ν‘œν•  수 있게 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λ©΄,
06:01
it would mean the end of politicians.
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μ •μΉ˜μΈμ˜ 쒅말이 올 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
And I'm sure we'd all be pretty sad to see that.
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄ 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ꡉμž₯히 μŠ¬ν”Œ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
06:06
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
06:08
Very interestingly,
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μ•„μ£Ό ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„
06:10
random selection was a key part of how democracy was done
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κ³ λŒ€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€μ—μ„œ 민주주의의 핡심을 이룬 뢀뢄이
06:14
in ancient Athens.
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λ°”λ‘œ 이 μΆ”μ²¨μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:16
This machine, this device, is called a kleroteria.
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이 μž₯치의 이름은 ν΄λ ˆλ‘œν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
It's an ancient Athenian random-selection device.
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κ³ λŒ€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€μ˜ 좔첨 μž₯μΉ˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
The ancient Athenians randomly selected citizens
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κ³ λŒ€ μ•„ν…Œλ„€μΈλ“€μ€ μ˜μ„μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„
06:26
to fill the vast majority of their political posts.
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μ‹œλ―Όλ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ μΆ”μ²¨ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œ μ±„μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
They knew that elections were aristocratic devices.
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μ„ κ±°λŠ” 귀쑱을 μœ„ν•œ μž₯μΉ˜λΌλŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•˜λ˜ 것이죠.
06:34
They knew that career politicians were a thing to be avoided.
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μ§μ—…μœΌλ‘œμ„œμ˜ μ •μΉ˜μΈμ„ ν”Όν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€λ„μš”.
06:39
And I think we know these things as well.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ 이 사싀을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ €λŠ” μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
But more interesting than the ancient use of random selection
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κ³ λŒ€μ— μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„ 좔첨보닀 더 ν₯미둜운 사싀은
06:45
is its modern resurgence.
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이것이 ν˜„λŒ€μ— μž¬λ“±μž₯ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
The rediscovery of the legitimacy of random selection in politics
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μ •μΉ˜μ—μ„œ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„ μΆ”μ²¨μ˜ 타당성에 λŒ€ν•œ μž¬λ°œκ²¬μ€
06:52
has become so common lately,
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μ΅œκ·Όμ— λ„ˆλ¬΄ 널리 νΌμ Έμ„œ
06:54
that there's simply too many examples to talk about.
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κ·Έ 사둀가 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜λ„ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
Of course, I'm very aware that it's going to be difficult
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λ¬Όλ‘  μ§€κΈˆ 이것을 우리 μ˜νšŒμ— λ„μž…ν•˜λŠ” 것은
06:59
to institute this in our parliaments.
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μ•„μ£Ό μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ 저도 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
Try this -- say to your friend,
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μΉœκ΅¬λ“€ν•œν…Œ ν•œ 번 λ§μ”€ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
07:04
"I think we should populate our parliament with randomly selected people."
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"κ·Έλƒ₯ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ½‘μ•„μ„œ μ˜μ„μ„ μ±„μ›Œμ•Όν•œλ‹€κ³  생각해."
07:08
"Are you joking?
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"진심이야?
07:09
What if my neighbor gets chosen?
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μ˜†μ§‘ μ–‘λ°˜μ΄ λ½‘νžˆλ©΄ μ–΄λ–‘ν•΄?
07:10
The fool can't even separate his recycling."
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μž¬ν™œμš©λ„ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ”데?"
07:13
But the perhaps surprising but overwhelming and compelling evidence
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ 사둀듀이 λ†€λžμ§€λ§Œ 압도적이고
07:18
from all these modern examples
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κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ 증λͺ…ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 사싀은
07:20
is that it does work.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이 방법이 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
If you give people responsibility, they act responsibly.
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μžλ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이죠.
07:26
Don't get me wrong -- it's not a panacea.
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μ˜€ν•΄λŠ” λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. λ§Œλ³‘ν†΅μΉ˜μ•½μ΄λΌλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
The question is not: Would this be perfect?
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질문의 μš”μ§€λŠ” 이게 μ™„λ²½ν•˜λƒλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:31
Of course not.
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
07:33
People are fallibly human,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ‹€μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” 인간이며,
07:34
and distorting influences will continue to exist.
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잘λͺ»λœ 영ν–₯은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:37
The question is: Would it be better?
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더 λ‚˜μ„ κ±°λƒλŠ” 것이 핡심적인 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:40
And the answer to that question, to me at least, is obviously yes.
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡은 μ΅œμ†Œν•œ 제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
Which gets us back to our original question:
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그럼 λ‹€μ‹œ 처음의 질문으둜 λŒμ•„κ°€ 보도둝 ν•˜μ£ .
07:49
How should we live together?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 곡쑴할 수 μžˆλŠ” 방법은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
07:50
And now we have an answer:
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이제 κ·Έ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:52
with a parliament that uses sortition.
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좔첨에 μ˜ν•œ 의회λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμš”.
07:56
But how would we get from here to there?
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그럼 ν˜„μž¬ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έ μƒνƒœλ‘œ 갈 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:59
How could we fix our broken system
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망가진 체계λ₯Ό 고치고
08:01
and remake democracy for the 21st century?
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21μ„ΈκΈ°λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 민주주의λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ λ§Œλ“€ 방법은 λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
08:05
Well, there are several things that we can do,
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ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ‡ 가지 방법이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”,
08:09
and that are, in fact, happening right now.
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사싀 μ§€κΈˆλ„ 행해지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
We can experiment with sortition.
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좔첨을 μ‹€ν—˜μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•΄ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:13
We can introduce it to schools and workplaces and other institutions,
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Democracy in Practiceκ°€ λ³Όλ¦¬λΉ„μ•„μ—μ„œ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
08:18
like Democracy In Practice is doing in Bolivia.
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학ꡐ와 직μž₯ 그리고 λ‹€λ₯Έ 단체에 μΆ”μ²¨μ œλ₯Ό λ„μž…ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
We can hold policy juries and citizens' assemblies,
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μ •μ±… 배심원단과 μ‹œλ―Ό 의회λ₯Ό λͺ¨μ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
like the newDemocracy Foundation is doing in Australia,
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호주의 뉴데λͺ¨ν¬λΌμ‹œ μž¬λ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜
08:27
like the Jefferson Center is doing in the US
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미ꡭ의 제퍼슨 μ„Όν„°,
08:30
and like the Irish government is doing right now.
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그리고 ν˜„μž¬ μ•„μΌλžœλ“œ μ •λΆ€κ°€ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
08:33
We could build a social movement demanding change,
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μ˜κ΅­μ—μ„œ 좔첨 μž¬λ‹¨μ΄ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
08:36
which is what the Sortition Foundation is doing in the UK.
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μš”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ μš΄λ™μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
And at some point, we should institute it.
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μ–΄λŠ μˆœκ°„μ—λŠ” λ„μž…ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
Perhaps the first step would be a second chamber in our parliament,
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μ•„λ§ˆ κ·Έ 첫 번째 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ”, μ‹œλ―Ό μ˜μ›μ΄λΌ λΆ€λ₯Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”
08:46
full of randomly selected people --
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λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ μΆ”μ²¨ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œ 이루어진
08:49
a citizens' senate, if you will.
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제 2의 의회λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것이 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:51
There's a campaign for a citizens' senate in France
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ™€ μŠ€μ½”ν‹€λžœλ“œμ—μ„œλŠ” 이미 μ‹œλ―Ό μ˜μ›μ„ λ„μž…ν•˜μžλŠ”
08:54
and another campaign in Scotland,
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캠페인이 진행 쀑이고,
08:56
and it could, of course, be done right here in Hungary.
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μ—¬κΈ° ν—κ°€λ¦¬μ—μ„œλ„ 이 μš΄λ™μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
That would be kind of like a Trojan horse right into the heart of government.
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μ •λΆ€μ˜ 심μž₯에 트둜이 λͺ©λ§ˆλ₯Ό λ³΄λ‚΄λŠ” 것과 κ°™λ‹€κ³  ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:05
And then, when it becomes impossible
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ν˜„μž¬ 체계에 생긴 균열을
09:07
to patch over the cracks in the current system,
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μˆ˜λ¦¬λ‘œλŠ” ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
09:09
we must step up and replace elections with sortition.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‚˜μ„œμ„œ μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό μΆ”μ²¨μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
I have hope.
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제겐 희망이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:14
Here in Hungary, systems have been created,
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μ—¬κΈ° ν—κ°€λ¦¬μ—μ„œλ„ 체계가 μƒκ²¨λ‚˜κ³ 
09:16
and systems have been torn down and replaced
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λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§€κ³ , 바뀐 역사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
in the past.
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09:20
Change can and does happen.
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λ³€ν™”λŠ” 일어날 수 있고, 일어날 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:23
It's just a matter of when and how.
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단지 μ–Έμ œ, μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€κ°€ 문제죠.
09:25
Thank you. (Hungarian) Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. (헝가리어) κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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