Thomas Goetz: It's time to redesign medical data

57,429 views ใƒป 2011-01-27

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ariel Kirson ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I'm going to be talking to you
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื
00:17
about how we can tap
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ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ
00:19
a really underutilized resource in health care,
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ืžืฉืื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
00:21
which is the patient,
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
00:23
or, as I like to use the scientific term,
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ืื• - ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื -
00:26
people.
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ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:28
Because we are all patients, we are all people.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื.
00:30
Even doctors are patients at some point.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื.
00:32
So I want to talk about that
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš
00:34
as an opportunity
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ื›ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
00:36
that we really have failed to engage with very well in this country
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ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืœื ื ืจืชืžื ื• ืืœื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
00:39
and, in fact, worldwide.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืžื”.
00:41
If you want to get at the big part --
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ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ -
00:43
I mean from a public health level, where my training is --
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉื–ื”ื• ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ -
00:46
you're looking at behavioral issues.
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ืชืจืื• ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
00:48
You're looking at things where people are actually given information,
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ืชืจืื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข,
00:51
and they're not following through with it.
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ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
00:53
It's a problem that manifests itself in diabetes,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื‘ืกื›ืจืช,
00:57
obesity, many forms of heart disease,
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ื‘ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
00:59
even some forms of cancer -- when you think of smoking.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื - ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
01:02
Those are all behaviors where people know what they're supposed to do.
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ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
01:05
They know what they're supposed to be doing,
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
01:07
but they're not doing it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
01:09
Now behavior change is something
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื•
01:11
that is a long-standing problem in medicine.
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ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
01:13
It goes all the way back to Aristotle.
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ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ืืจื™ืกื˜ื•.
01:15
And doctors hate it, right?
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ื•ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
01:17
I mean, they complain about it all the time.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
01:19
We talk about it in terms of engagement, or non-compliance.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืจืชืžื•ืช, ืื• ืฉืœ ืื™-ืฆื™ื•ืช,
01:22
When people don't take their pills,
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ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
01:24
when people don't follow doctors' orders --
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ืื• ื›ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื”ื.
01:26
these are behavior problems.
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ืืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
01:28
But for as much as clinical medicine
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช
01:30
agonizes over behavior change,
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ืžืชื™ื™ืกืจื™ื ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
01:32
there's not a lot of work done
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ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ืจื‘
01:34
in terms of trying to fix that problem.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:37
So the crux of it
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ืื– ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื
01:39
comes down to this notion of decision-making --
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช -
01:41
giving information to people in a form
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ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื”
01:43
that doesn't just educate them
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืžื—ื›ื™ืžื” ืื•ืชื
01:45
or inform them,
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ืื• ืžื™ื™ื“ืขืช ืื•ืชื,
01:47
but actually leads them to make better decisions,
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ืืœื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:49
better choices in their lives.
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
01:51
One part of medicine, though,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”
01:53
has faced the problem of behavior change pretty well,
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ื‘ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœื ืจืข ืขื ื‘ืขื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™,
01:57
and that's dentistry.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
01:59
Dentistry might seem -- and I think it is --
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ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช - ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื -
02:01
many dentists would have to acknowledge
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืคืื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื
02:03
it's somewhat of a mundane backwater of medicine.
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ืฉืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืงืฆืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
02:05
Not a lot of cool, sexy stuff happening in dentistry.
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ืœื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืกืงืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
02:08
But they have really taken this problem of behavior change
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื• ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™
02:11
and solved it.
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ื•ืคืชืจื• ืื•ืชื”.
02:13
It's the one great preventive health success
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช
02:15
we have in our health care system.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
02:17
People brush and floss their teeth.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื—ืฆื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืืœื™.
02:19
They don't do it as much as they should, but they do it.
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ื”ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
02:22
So I'm going to talk about one experiment
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ื“
02:24
that a few dentists in Connecticut
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ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืจื•ืคืื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜
02:26
cooked up about 30 years ago.
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ื™ื–ืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›-30 ืฉื ื”.
02:28
So this is an old experiment, but it's a really good one,
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ืื– ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ,
02:30
because it was very simple,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
02:32
so it's an easy story to tell.
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ืื– ืงืœ ืžืื“ ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
02:34
So these Connecticut dentists decided
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ืื– ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•
02:36
that they wanted to get people to brush their teeth and floss their teeth more often,
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ืฉื”ื ืจืฆื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื—ืฆื—ื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:39
and they were going to use one variable:
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื—ื“:
02:41
they wanted to scare them.
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:43
They wanted to tell them how bad it would be
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ื›ืžื” ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืข
02:46
if they didn't brush and floss their teeth.
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ืื ื”ื ืœื ื™ืฆื—ืฆื—ื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืืœื™.
02:48
They had a big patient population.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
02:51
They divided them up into two groups.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ืœืงื• ืื•ืชื ืœืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช.
02:53
They had a low-fear population,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืื—ืช ืฉื”ืคื—ื™ื“ื• ืžืขื˜,
02:55
where they basically gave them a 13-minute presentation,
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ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื”ืจืื• ืœื”ื ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœ 13 ื“ืงื•ืช,
02:57
all based in science,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช,
02:59
but told them that, if you didn't brush and floss your teeth,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื”, ืฉืื ืœื ืชืฆื—ืฆื—ื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืืœื™,
03:02
you could get gum disease. If you get gum disease, you will lose your teeth,
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ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื. ื•ืฉืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”, ืชืื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
03:05
but you'll get dentures, and it won't be that bad.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš.
03:07
So that was the low-fear group.
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ืื– ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืคื—ื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžืขื˜.
03:09
The high-fear group, they laid it on really thick.
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ืคื—ื™ื“ื• ืžืื“, ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืžื•.
03:12
They showed bloody gums.
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ื”ื ื”ืจืื• ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื™ื ืžื“ืžืžื™ื,
03:14
They showed puss oozing out from between their teeth.
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ื”ื ื”ืจืื• ืžื•ื’ืœื” ื ืฉืคื›ืช ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
03:17
They told them that their teeth were going to fall out.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื”ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ืจ,
03:19
They said that they could have infections
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ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื
03:21
that would spread from their jaws to other parts of their bodies,
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ืฉื™ืชืคืฉื˜ ืžื”ืœืกืชื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื—ืœืงื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:24
and ultimately, yes, they would lose their teeth.
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ื•ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืชื ืฉื•ืจื ื”.
03:26
They would get dentures, and if you got dentures,
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ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืื ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชื•ืชื‘ื•ืช,
03:28
you weren't going to be able to eat corn-on-the-cob,
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืงืœื—ื™ ืชื™ืจืก,
03:30
you weren't going to be able to eat apples,
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื,
03:32
you weren't going to be able to eat steak.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืงื™ื;
03:34
You'll eat mush for the rest of your life.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื™ืกื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื”ื.
03:36
So go brush and floss your teeth.
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ืื– ืชืฆื—ืฆื—ื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
03:39
That was the message. That was the experiment.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืกืจ; ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
03:41
Now they measured one other variable.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื ืžื“ื“ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื—ื“.
03:43
They wanted to capture one other variable,
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ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ,
03:45
which was the patients' sense of efficacy.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื.
03:48
This was the notion of whether the patients felt
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ืื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•
03:50
that they actually would go ahead and brush and floss their teeth.
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ืฉื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื™ืจืชืžื• ืœืžืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืฆื—ืฆื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืืœื™.
03:53
So they asked them at the beginning,
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ืื– ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
03:55
"Do you think you'll actually be able to stick with this program?"
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"ื”ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช?"
03:57
And the people who said, "Yeah, yeah. I'm pretty good about that,"
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืžืจื•, "ื›ืŸ, ื›ืŸ. ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•,"
03:59
they were characterized as high efficacy,
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ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
04:01
and the people who said,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืžืจื•,
04:03
"Eh, I never get around to brushing and flossing as much as I should,"
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"ืื”, ืื ื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืฆื—ืฆื— ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจ,"
04:05
they were characterized as low efficacy.
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ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
04:07
So the upshot was this.
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ืื– ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ.
04:10
The upshot of this experiment
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ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืžื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”
04:12
was that fear was not really a primary driver
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ืฉื”ืคื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื ื™ืข ืžืจื›ื–ื™
04:15
of the behavior at all.
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ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
04:17
The people who brushed and flossed their teeth
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆื—ืฆื—ื• ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ ื“ื ื˜ืืœื™
04:19
were not necessarily the people
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
04:21
who were really scared about what would happen --
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ืฉืžืื“ ืคื—ื“ื• ืžืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื” -
04:23
it's the people who simply felt that they had the capacity
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ืืœื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื
04:26
to change their behavior.
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื.
04:28
So fear showed up as not really the driver.
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ืื– ื”ืคื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืฆื ื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ืืžื™ืชื™;
04:31
It was the sense of efficacy.
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ืืœื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช.
04:34
So I want to isolate this,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื–ื”,
04:36
because it was a great observation --
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ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืžืขื•ืœื” -
04:38
30 years ago, right, 30 years ago --
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ืœืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื” -
04:40
and it's one that's laid fallow in research.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฉืžื˜ืช ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื.
04:43
It was a notion that really came out
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
04:45
of Albert Bandura's work,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืจื”,
04:47
who studied whether
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ืฉื—ืงืจ ื”ืื
04:49
people could get a sense of empowerment.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืฆืžื”.
04:52
The notion of efficacy basically boils down to one -- that
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
04:55
if somebody believes that they have the capacity to change their behavior.
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื•.
04:58
In health care terms, you could characterize this
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ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ
05:01
as whether or not somebody feels
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ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ
05:03
that they see a path towards better health,
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ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื•,
05:05
that they can actually see their way towards getting better health,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:07
and that's a very important notion.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
05:09
It's an amazing notion.
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
05:11
We don't really know how to manipulate it, though, that well.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื ืฆืœ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘.
05:14
Except, maybe we do.
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ืืœื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื›ืŸ.
05:17
So fear doesn't work, right? Fear doesn't work.
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ืื– ื”ืคื—ื“ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ืคื—ื“ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
05:19
And this is a great example
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช
05:21
of how we haven't learned that lesson at all.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืœืงื— ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
05:24
This is a campaign from the American Diabetes Association.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืข ืคืจืกื•ื ืžืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
05:27
This is still the way we're communicating messages about health.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
05:30
I mean, I showed my three-year-old this slide last night,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืงืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”,
05:33
and he's like, "Papa, why is an ambulance in these people's homes?"
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื‘ื, ืœืžื” ื™ืฉ ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”?"
05:37
And I had to explain, "They're trying to scare people."
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ื•ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, "ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื."
05:40
And I don't know if it works.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
05:42
Now here's what does work:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“,
05:44
personalized information works.
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“.
05:46
Again, Bandura recognized this
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื ื“ื•ืจื” ื–ื™ื”ื” ืืช ื–ื”
05:48
years ago, decades ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
05:50
When you give people specific information
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ื›ืฉืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™
05:52
about their health, where they stand,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื, ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™,
05:54
and where they want to get to, where they might get to,
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ื•ืœืืŸ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, ืœืืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื•,
05:56
that path, that notion of a path --
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš,
05:58
that tends to work for behavior change.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™.
06:00
So let me just spool it out a little bit.
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ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื–ื” ืงืฆืช.
06:02
So you start with personalized data, personalized information
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืขื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช,
06:05
that comes from an individual,
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ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื,
06:07
and then you need to connect it to their lives.
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ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืื“ื.
06:10
You need to connect it to their lives,
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื,
06:12
hopefully not in a fear-based way, but one that they understand.
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ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืคื—ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ืช.
06:14
Okay, I know where I sit. I know where I'm situated.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืคื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“. ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืžืฆื‘ื™.
06:17
And that doesn't just work for me in terms of abstract numbers --
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื,
06:20
this overload of health information
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ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™
06:22
that we're inundated with.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืคื™ื ื‘ื•,
06:24
But it actually hits home.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ื•.
06:26
It's not just hitting us in our heads; it's hitting us in our hearts.
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืจืง ืœืจืืฉื™ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืœืœื™ื‘ื ื•.
06:28
There's an emotional connection to information
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื’ืฉื™ ืœืžื™ื“ืข
06:30
because it's from us.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ืžืžื ื•.
06:32
That information then needs to be connected to choices,
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ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช,
06:35
needs to be connected to a range of options,
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ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืงืฉืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
06:37
directions that we might go to --
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช -
06:39
trade-offs, benefits.
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ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช.
06:41
Finally, we need to be presented with a clear point of action.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
06:44
We need to connect the information
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ื“ืข.
06:46
always with the action,
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื ืคืขื•ืœื”,
06:48
and then that action feeds back
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ื•ืื– ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื”
06:50
into different information,
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ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ,
06:52
and it creates, of course, a feedback loop.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืœื•ืœืืช ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ.
06:54
Now this is a very well-observed and well-established notion
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื“ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžืื“ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก
06:57
for behavior change.
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™.
06:59
But the problem is that things -- in the upper-right corner there --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”,
07:02
personalized data, it's been pretty hard to come by.
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื.
07:04
It's a difficult and expensive commodity,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆืจืš ื™ืงืจ ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื’ื”,
07:07
until now.
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ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
07:09
So I'm going to give you an example, a very simple example of how this works.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
07:12
So we've all seen these. These are the "your speed limit" signs.
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ืื– ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ืืœื•. ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ "ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ืฉืœืš".
07:15
You've seen them all around,
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ืจืื™ืชื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื,
07:17
especially these days as radars are cheaper.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื›ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื›ืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื.
07:19
And here's how they work in the feedback loop.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืœืืช ื”ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ.
07:21
So you start with the personalized data
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ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช
07:23
where the speed limit on the road that you are at that point
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืืชื” ื ื•ืกืข
07:25
is 25,
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ื”ื™ื 25,
07:27
and, of course, you're going faster than that.
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ื•ืืชื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื ื•ืกืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžื–ื”.
07:29
We always are. We're always going above the speed limit.
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ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“. ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช.
07:32
The choice in this case is pretty simple.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืžื“ื™.
07:34
We either keep going fast, or we slow down.
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ืกื•ืข ืžื”ืจ, ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืื˜ื™ื.
07:36
We should probably slow down,
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ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื ืื˜,
07:38
and that point of action is probably now.
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
07:40
We should take our foot off the pedal right now,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืžื”ื“ื•ื•ืฉื” ืžื™ื“.
07:43
and generally we do. These things are shown to be pretty effective
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื; ื”ื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื“ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
07:46
in terms of getting people to slow down.
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ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื˜ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.
07:48
They reduce speeds by about five to 10 percent.
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ื”ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
07:50
They last for about five miles,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืš ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื,
07:52
in which case we put our foot back on the pedal.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ืœื“ื•ื•ืฉื”.
07:54
But it works, and it even has some health repercussions.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
07:56
Your blood pressure might drop a little bit.
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ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืจื“ืช ืงืฆืช.
07:58
Maybe there's fewer accidents, so there's public health benefits.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืื– ื™ืฉื ื” ื’ื ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
08:01
But by and large, this is a feedback loop
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื”"ื› ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืœื•ืœืืช ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ
08:03
that's so nifty and too rare.
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ื–ื” ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืžืื“ ื•ื ื“ื™ืจ ืžื“ื™.
08:06
Because in health care, most health care,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
08:08
the data is very removed from the action.
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ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจื•ื—ืง ืžืื“ ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.
08:11
It's very difficult to line things up so neatly.
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ืงืฉื” ืžืื“ ืœืกื“ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื™ืคื”.
08:14
But we have an opportunity.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช.
08:16
So I want to talk about, I want to shift now to think about
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ
08:18
how we deliver health information in this country,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
08:20
how we actually get information.
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ืื™ืš ื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข.
08:23
This is a pharmaceutical ad.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื”.
08:26
Actually, it's a spoof. It's not a real pharmaceutical ad.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
08:28
Nobody's had the brilliant idea
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ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืง
08:30
of calling their drug Havidol quite yet.
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ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืœื”ื Havidol ("ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ").
08:34
But it looks completely right.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
08:36
So it's exactly the way we get
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื
08:38
health information and pharmaceutical information,
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืชืจื•ืคืชื™,
08:41
and it just sounds perfect.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœื.
08:43
And then we turn the page of the magazine,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื“ืฃ ื‘ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ,
08:45
and we see this --
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืช ื–ื”.
08:48
now this is the page the FDA requires pharmaceutical companies
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ืฃ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช
08:51
to put into their ads, or to follow their ads,
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ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ืื• ืœืคืจืกื ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ.
08:54
and to me, this is one of the most cynical exercises in medicine.
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ื•ืœื˜ืขืžื™, ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
08:58
Because we know.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
09:00
Who among us would actually say that people read this?
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ืžื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ืืžืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
09:02
And who among us would actually say
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ื•ืžื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืืžืจ
09:04
that people who do try to read this
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”
09:06
actually get anything out of it?
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ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืžื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•?
09:08
This is a bankrupt effort
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ื–ื”ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืฉืœ
09:10
at communicating health information.
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ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืคื•ืื™.
09:13
There is no good faith in this.
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ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
09:15
So this is a different approach.
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ืื– ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืื—ืจืช.
09:17
This is an approach that has been developed
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™
09:20
by a couple researchers at Dartmouth Medical School,
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ืฉื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ื“ืจื˜ืžื•ื˜.
09:23
Lisa Schwartz and Steven Woloshin.
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ืœื™ืกื” ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ื•ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืœื•ืฉื™ืŸ.
09:25
And they created this thing called the "drug facts box."
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืจื•ืคื”.
09:28
They took inspiration from, of all things,
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ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืฉืจืื”
09:30
Cap'n Crunch.
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ืžื“ื’ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ Cap'n Crunch.
09:32
They went to the nutritional information box
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ื”ื ืฆืคื• ื‘ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™
09:35
and saw that what works for cereal, works for our food,
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ื•ืจืื• ืฉืžื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
09:38
actually helps people understand what's in their food.
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ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
09:42
God forbid we should use that same standard
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืงื—, ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜
09:44
that we make Cap'n Crunch live by
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืž-Cap'n Crunch
09:46
and bring it to drug companies.
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ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
09:49
So let me just walk through this quickly.
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ืื– ืชืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืฆืจื”.
09:51
It says very clearly what the drug is for, specifically who it is good for,
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ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ืžื” ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช
09:54
so you can start to personalize your understanding
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™
09:56
of whether the information is relevant to you
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ืื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืš
09:58
or whether the drug is relevant to you.
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ื•ืื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืš.
10:00
You can understand exactly what the benefits are.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช.
10:03
It isn't this kind of vague promise that it's going to work no matter what,
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ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืกืชืžื™ืช ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืชืขื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
10:06
but you get the statistics for how effective it is.
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ืืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื”.
10:09
And finally, you understand what those choices are.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื.
10:12
You can start to unpack the choices involved
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
10:14
because of the side effects.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™.
10:16
Every time you take a drug, you're walking into a possible side effect.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื”, ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืคืขืช ืœื•ื•ืื™.
10:19
So it spells those out in very clean terms,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื.
10:21
and that works.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
10:23
So I love this. I love that drug facts box.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืช ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืื ื™ ืžืช ืขืœ ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชืจื•ืคืชื™.
10:25
And so I was thinking about,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
10:27
what's an opportunity that I could have
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ืื™ืคื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
10:29
to help people understand information?
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข?
10:32
What's another latent body of information that's out there
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืื’ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื—ื‘ื•ื™
10:36
that people are really not putting to use?
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•.
10:39
And so I came up with this: lab test results.
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ืื– ืขืœื” ืœื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื: ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
10:42
Blood test results are this great source of information.
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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืขื•ืœื”.
10:45
They're packed with information.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข.
10:47
They're just not for us. They're not for people. They're not for patients.
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ื”ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•; ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื; ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
10:50
They go right to doctors.
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ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื™ืฉืจ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื.
10:52
And God forbid -- I think many doctors, if you really asked them,
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ื•ื”ืก ืžืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ - ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืื ืชืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื,
10:55
they don't really understand all this stuff either.
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
10:58
This is the worst presented information.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:01
You ask Tufte, and he would say,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื˜ืืคื˜ื™ (Tufte) ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ,
11:04
"Yes, this is the absolute worst presentation of information possible."
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"ื›ืŸ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื™ื“ืข."
11:07
What we did at Wired
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘-Wired
11:09
was we went, and I got our graphic design department
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ื–ื” ืฉืคื ื™ื ื• ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœื ื•
11:11
to re-imagine these lab reports.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืœื•.
11:13
So that's what I want to walk you through.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื.
11:15
So this is the general blood work before,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™,
11:18
and this is the after, this is what we came up with.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื•.
11:20
The after takes what was four pages --
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ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื -
11:22
that previous slide was actually
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ื”ืฉืงืฃ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
11:24
the first of four pages of data
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ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืžื•ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข
11:26
that's just the general blood work.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืจืง ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช.
11:28
It goes on and on and on, all these values, all these numbers you don't know.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
11:31
This is our one-page summary.
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ืฃ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
11:34
We use the notion of color.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข.
11:36
It's an amazing notion that color could be used.
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข.
11:39
So on the top-level you have your overall results,
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ืื– ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
11:42
the things that might jump out at you from the fine print.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
11:45
Then you can drill down
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ื•ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื
11:47
and understand how actually we put your level in context,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ืช,
11:50
and we use color to illustrate
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ
11:52
exactly where your value falls.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืคื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœื›ื ื ืžืฆืืช.
11:54
In this case, this patient is slightly at risk of diabetes
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืงืœ ืœืกื•ื›ืจืช
11:57
because of their glucose level.
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ื‘ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ื” ืฉืœื•.
11:59
Likewise, you can go over your lipids
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืคื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
12:01
and, again, understand what your overall cholesterol level is
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื
12:04
and then break down into the HDL and the LDL if you so choose.
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืจืง ืื•ืชื” ืœ-HDL ื•ืœ-LDL ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ.
12:07
But again, always using color
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื‘ืข
12:09
and personalized proximity
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ื•ืงื™ืจื‘ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช
12:11
to that information.
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ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
12:13
All those other values,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
12:15
all those pages and pages of values that are full of nothing,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืขืจืš,
12:17
we summarize.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื›ืžื™ื.
12:19
We tell you that you're okay, you're normal.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืฉืืชื ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืืชื ื ื•ืจืžืืœื™ื™ื.
12:21
But you don't have to wade through it. You don't have to go through the junk.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืฉื“ืฉ ื‘ื–ื”. ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื‘ืœ.
12:24
And then we do two other very important things
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
12:26
that kind of help fill in this feedback loop:
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืœื•ืœืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘.
12:28
we help people understand in a little more detail
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
12:30
what these values are and what they might indicate.
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ืžื”ื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข.
12:33
And then we go a further step -- we tell them what they can do.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืฆืขื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ: ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
12:36
We give them some insight
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืขื˜ ืชื•ื‘ื ื”
12:38
into what choices they can make, what actions they can take.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื, ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข.
12:41
So that's our general blood work test.
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ืื– ืืœื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:44
Then we went to CRP test.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช CRP (ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื).
12:46
In this case, it's a sin of omission.
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ื”ืคืขื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
12:48
They have this huge amount of space,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
12:50
and they don't use it for anything, so we do.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ.
12:52
Now the CRP test is often done
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ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”-CRP ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
12:54
following a cholesterol test,
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ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ,
12:56
or in conjunction with a cholesterol test.
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ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ.
12:58
So we take the bold step
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ื ื• ืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ืขื–
13:00
of putting the cholesterol information on the same page,
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ื•ืฉืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขืžื•ื“,
13:03
which is the way the doctor is going to evaluate it.
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื•.
13:05
So we thought the patient might actually want to know the context as well.
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ.
13:08
It's a protein that shows up
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข
13:10
when your blood vessels might be inflamed,
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ื›ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœืงื™ื,
13:12
which might be a risk for heart disease.
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ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘.
13:14
What you're actually measuring
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
13:16
is spelled out in clean language.
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ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
13:18
Then we use the information
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข
13:20
that's already in the lab report.
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
13:22
We use the person's age and their gender
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ืืช ืžื™ื ื•
13:24
to start to fill in the personalized risks.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
13:27
So we start to use the data we have
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•
13:29
to run a very simple calculation
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“
13:31
that's on all sorts of online calculators
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ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช
13:33
to get a sense of what the actual risk is.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
13:36
The last one I'll show you is a PSA test.
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ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช PSA (ืื ื˜ื™ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช).
13:38
Here's the before, and here's the after.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœืคื ื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ืื—ืจื™.
13:41
Now a lot of our effort on this one --
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืืžืฅ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” -
13:43
as many of you probably know,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื ืจืื”,
13:45
a PSA test is a very controversial test.
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ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”-PSA ื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
13:47
It's used to test for prostate cancer,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช,
13:49
but there are all sorts of reasons
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš
13:51
why your prostate might be enlarged.
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ืฉื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืœืช.
13:53
And so we spent a good deal of our time
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ืื– ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื–ืžื ื ื•
13:55
indicating that.
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ื‘ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช.
13:57
We again personalized the risks.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืืžื ื• ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
13:59
So this patient is in their 50s,
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ืื– ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50 ืฉืœื•,
14:01
so we can actually give them a very precise estimate
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื• ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืื“ ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช
14:03
of what their risk for prostate cancer is.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืœื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ืช.
14:05
In this case it's about 25 percent, based on that.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ 25%, ื‘ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื›ืš.
14:08
And then again, the follow-up actions.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
14:11
So our cost for this was less than 10,000 dollars, all right.
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ืื– ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-$10,000, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
14:14
That's what Wired magazine spent on this.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ Wired ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
14:17
Why is Wired magazine doing this?
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ืœืžื” ื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ Wired ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”?
14:19
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:22
Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp,
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ื—ื‘ืจืช Quest Diagnostics ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช LabCorp,
14:24
the two largest lab testing companies --
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ืฉื ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ:
14:27
last year, they made profits of over 700 million dollars
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-700 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
14:30
and over 500 million dollars respectively.
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ื•-500 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”.
14:33
Now this is not a problem of resources;
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ืื– ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื,
14:35
this is a problem of incentives.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื.
14:38
We need to recognize that the target of this information
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
14:41
should not be the doctor, should not be the insurance company.
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ืœื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ื•ืœื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—;
14:44
It should be the patient.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื”.
14:46
It's the person who actually, in the end,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื,
14:48
is going to be having to change their lives
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•
14:50
and then start adopting new behaviors.
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืืžืฅ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
14:52
This is information that is incredibly powerful.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
14:54
It's an incredibly powerful catalyst to change.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื–ืจื– ื—ื–ืง ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
14:57
But we're not using it. It's just sitting there.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•; ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื.
14:59
It's being lost.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืื™ื‘ื•ื“.
15:01
So I want to just offer four questions
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืืœื•ืช
15:03
that every patient should ask,
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ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ,
15:05
because I don't actually expect people
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ื ื™ ืžืฆืคื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช
15:07
to start developing these lab test reports.
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ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืืœื•.
15:09
But you can create your own feedback loop.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืœื•ืœืืช ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
15:11
Anybody can create their feedback loop by asking these simple questions:
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืฉื™ ืื ื™ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:
15:14
Can I have my results?
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื™?
15:16
And the only acceptable answer is --
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืชื”ื™ื” -
15:18
(Audience: Yes.) -- yes.
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(ืงื”ืœ: ื›ืŸ.) - ื›ืŸ.
15:20
What does this mean? Help me understand what the data is.
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ? ืขื™ื–ืจื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
15:22
What are my options? What choices are now on the table?
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ืžื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™? ืืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™?
15:25
And then, what's next?
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
15:27
How do I integrate this information
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ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
15:29
into the longer course of my life?
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ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ?
15:32
So I want to wind up by just showing
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืจืื”
15:34
that people have the capacity to understand this information.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
15:36
This is not beyond the grasp of ordinary people.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืœื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื•.
15:39
You do not need to have the education level of people in this room.
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ืื™ื ื›ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
15:42
Ordinary people are capable of understanding this information,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”,
15:45
if we only go to the effort of presenting it to them
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ืื ืจืง ื ืชืืžืฅ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื”ื ืื•ืชื•
15:48
in a form that they can engage with.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”.
15:50
And engagement is essential here,
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ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช,
15:52
because it's not just giving them information;
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ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืจืง ืžื™ื“ืข,
15:54
it's giving them an opportunity to act.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ.
15:56
That's what engagement is. It's different from compliance.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช; ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื•ืช.
15:58
It works totally different from the way we talk about behavior
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ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช
16:01
in medicine today.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
16:03
And this information is out there.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
16:05
I've been talking today about latent information,
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื‘ื•ื™,
16:07
all this information that exists in the system
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช
16:09
that we're not putting to use.
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ื•ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•.
16:11
But there are all sorts of other bodies of information
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื
16:13
that are coming online,
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ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืฉืช.
16:15
and we need to recognize the capacity of this information
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”
16:18
to engage people, to help people
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ, ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
16:20
and to change the course of their lives.
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
16:22
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
16:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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