Thomas Goetz: It's time to redesign medical data

57,429 views ใƒป 2011-01-27

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woon J Jang
00:15
I'm going to be talking to you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:17
about how we can tap
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
00:19
a really underutilized resource in health care,
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์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
which is the patient,
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ํ™˜์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
00:23
or, as I like to use the scientific term,
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ํ˜น์€, ๊ณผํ•™์  ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
00:26
people.
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'๊ตญ๋ฏผ'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Because we are all patients, we are all people.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:30
Even doctors are patients at some point.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
So I want to talk about that
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฒˆ์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ์‚ผ์•„
00:34
as an opportunity
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
00:36
that we really have failed to engage with very well in this country
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์†Œํ™€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
and, in fact, worldwide.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
00:41
If you want to get at the big part --
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๊ฑฐ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
00:43
I mean from a public health level, where my training is --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ค‘๋ณด๊ฑด์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
00:46
you're looking at behavioral issues.
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์Šต๊ด€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๊ณ ,
00:48
You're looking at things where people are actually given information,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
00:51
and they're not following through with it.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
It's a problem that manifests itself in diabetes,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜
00:57
obesity, many forms of heart disease,
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๋น„๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:59
even some forms of cancer -- when you think of smoking.
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ํก์—ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์•”๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
Those are all behaviors where people know what they're supposed to do.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ทจํ•  ํ–‰๋™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:05
They know what they're supposed to be doing,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์•Œ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
01:07
but they're not doing it.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
Now behavior change is something
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
01:11
that is a long-standing problem in medicine.
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์˜ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์˜ค๋žœ ์ˆ™์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
It goes all the way back to Aristotle.
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์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And doctors hate it, right?
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ œ์ผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:17
I mean, they complain about it all the time.
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
We talk about it in terms of engagement, or non-compliance.
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ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ์„ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์˜์‚ฌ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋•Œ,
01:22
When people don't take their pills,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ '์˜๊ฒฌ์ถฉ๋Œ' ๋˜๋Š”
01:24
when people don't follow doctors' orders --
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'์ง€์‹œ๋ถˆ์‘' ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
these are behavior problems.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํƒœ๋„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
01:28
But for as much as clinical medicine
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž„์ƒ์˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
01:30
agonizes over behavior change,
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
01:32
there's not a lot of work done
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํ•ด
01:34
in terms of trying to fix that problem.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
So the crux of it
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์Ÿ์ ์€
01:39
comes down to this notion of decision-making --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ์•„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
giving information to people in a form
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:43
that doesn't just educate them
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:45
or inform them,
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์•Œ๋ ค์ค˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
but actually leads them to make better decisions,
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ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์‚ถ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
01:49
better choices in their lives.
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์ด๋Œ์–ด ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
One part of medicine, though,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํƒœ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
01:53
has faced the problem of behavior change pretty well,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•œ ์˜๊ณผ ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:57
and that's dentistry.
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์น˜๊ณผ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Dentistry might seem -- and I think it is --
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์น˜๊ณผ๋ถ„์•ผ๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด -
02:01
many dentists would have to acknowledge
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๋งŽ์€ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”.
02:03
it's somewhat of a mundane backwater of medicine.
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์น˜๊ณผ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณด์ž˜๊ฒƒ์—†๊ณ  ์™ธ๋ฉด๋ฐ›๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
Not a lot of cool, sexy stuff happening in dentistry.
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์น˜๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ข‹์€ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ๋งŒ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
But they have really taken this problem of behavior change
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํƒœ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
02:11
and solved it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
It's the one great preventive health success
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด์ œํ•˜์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์˜ํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
02:15
we have in our health care system.
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์ข‹์€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:17
People brush and floss their teeth.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜์‹ค๋กœ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
They don't do it as much as they should, but they do it.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•„๋„, ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:22
So I'm going to talk about one experiment
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‹คํ—˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
that a few dentists in Connecticut
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์ฝ”๋„คํ‹ฐ์ปท์ฃผ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด
02:26
cooked up about 30 years ago.
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ํ•œ 30๋…„์ฏค ์ „์— ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
So this is an old experiment, but it's a really good one,
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์ง„๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ด๋„, ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
because it was very simple,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์ด๋ฉด์„œ๋„
02:32
so it's an easy story to tell.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:34
So these Connecticut dentists decided
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์ฝ”ํ…Œํ‹ฐ์ปท์ฃผ์˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์น˜๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
02:36
that they wanted to get people to brush their teeth and floss their teeth more often,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
and they were going to use one variable:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
they wanted to scare them.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
They wanted to tell them how bad it would be
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜์‹ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
02:46
if they didn't brush and floss their teeth.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์น˜์•„์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋น ์งˆ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
They had a big patient population.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ์—
02:51
They divided them up into two groups.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
They had a low-fear population,
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๊ฒ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
02:55
where they basically gave them a 13-minute presentation,
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13๋ถ„๊ฐ„์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ์  ํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„ ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
all based in science,
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๊ณผํ•™์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ
02:59
but told them that, if you didn't brush and floss your teeth,
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์–‘์น˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜์‹ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:02
you could get gum disease. If you get gum disease, you will lose your teeth,
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์ž‡๋ชธ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:05
but you'll get dentures, and it won't be that bad.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ํ‹€๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:07
So that was the low-fear group.
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๊ฒ์„ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
03:09
The high-fear group, they laid it on really thick.
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๊ฒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณผ์žฅํ•ด์„œ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
They showed bloody gums.
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ํ”ผ๋ฒ”๋ฒ…์ธ ์ž‡๋ชธ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
03:14
They showed puss oozing out from between their teeth.
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์น˜์•„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆ„๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:17
They told them that their teeth were going to fall out.
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์น˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๋‹ค ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:19
They said that they could have infections
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์„ธ๊ท ์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:21
that would spread from their jaws to other parts of their bodies,
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ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ๋‚˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ท ์ด ํผ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:24
and ultimately, yes, they would lose their teeth.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
They would get dentures, and if you got dentures,
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ํ‹€๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
03:28
you weren't going to be able to eat corn-on-the-cob,
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์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ,
03:30
you weren't going to be able to eat apples,
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์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ์–ด ๋จน์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
03:32
you weren't going to be able to eat steak.
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์Šคํ…Œ์ดํฌ๋„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ ,
03:34
You'll eat mush for the rest of your life.
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ํ‰์ƒ ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜์ฃฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:36
So go brush and floss your teeth.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์–‘์น˜์งˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์น˜์‹ค์„ ์“ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
That was the message. That was the experiment.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค ์˜€์–ด์š”.
03:41
Now they measured one other variable.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
They wanted to capture one other variable,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š”,
03:45
which was the patients' sense of efficacy.
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์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
This was the notion of whether the patients felt
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜์‹ค์‚ฌ์šฉ์„
03:50
that they actually would go ahead and brush and floss their teeth.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
So they asked them at the beginning,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:55
"Do you think you'll actually be able to stick with this program?"
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"์ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?"
03:57
And the people who said, "Yeah, yeah. I'm pretty good about that,"
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์ฃ . "๋„ค.๋„ค. ์ž˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”"
03:59
they were characterized as high efficacy,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
and the people who said,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:03
"Eh, I never get around to brushing and flossing as much as I should,"
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"์–ด, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ์–‘์น˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜์‹ค์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”"
04:05
they were characterized as low efficacy.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
So the upshot was this.
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์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
The upshot of this experiment
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์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
04:12
was that fear was not really a primary driver
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๊ณตํฌ์‹ฌ์€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์ด
04:15
of the behavior at all.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
The people who brushed and flossed their teeth
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์–‘์น˜์งˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์น˜์‹ค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€
04:19
were not necessarily the people
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
04:21
who were really scared about what would happen --
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๊ฒ์„ ๋จน์—ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ -
04:23
it's the people who simply felt that they had the capacity
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚€
04:26
to change their behavior.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
So fear showed up as not really the driver.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค€๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณตํฌ์‹ฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:31
It was the sense of efficacy.
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์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:34
So I want to isolate this,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋‹จ ์ฐจ์น˜ํ•ด ๋‘๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
because it was a great observation --
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30๋…„์ „์— ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์น˜๊ณ ๋Š”
04:38
30 years ago, right, 30 years ago --
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๊ฝค ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์‹คํ—˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:40
and it's one that's laid fallow in research.
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ค‘์— ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
04:43
It was a notion that really came out
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์•Œ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ๋ฐด๋‘๋ผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ
04:45
of Albert Bandura's work,
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๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
who studied whether
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
04:49
people could get a sense of empowerment.
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์ž๊ธฐ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:52
The notion of efficacy basically boils down to one -- that
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์น˜๋ฃŒํšจ๋Šฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
if somebody believes that they have the capacity to change their behavior.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
04:58
In health care terms, you could characterize this
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์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:01
as whether or not somebody feels
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธธ์„
05:03
that they see a path towards better health,
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ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€,
05:05
that they can actually see their way towards getting better health,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
and that's a very important notion.
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์ด๊ฑด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
It's an amazing notion.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์ด์ฃ .
05:11
We don't really know how to manipulate it, though, that well.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Except, maybe we do.
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๋‹จ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
So fear doesn't work, right? Fear doesn't work.
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๊ณตํฌ์‹ฌ์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”. ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
And this is a great example
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ
05:21
of how we haven't learned that lesson at all.
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์ข‹์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:24
This is a campaign from the American Diabetes Association.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ˜‘ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์˜€๋˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
This is still the way we're communicating messages about health.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
I mean, I showed my three-year-old this slide last night,
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์–ด์ œ ๋ฐค, ์„ธ์‚ด ๋œ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
05:33
and he's like, "Papa, why is an ambulance in these people's homes?"
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”, "์•„๋น , ์™œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”?"
05:37
And I had to explain, "They're trying to scare people."
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์ „ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
05:40
And I don't know if it works.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:42
Now here's what does work:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง„์งœ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
05:44
personalized information works.
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๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
Again, Bandura recognized this
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๋ฐด๋‘๋ผ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ๋…„์ „, ์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„ ์ „์—
05:48
years ago, decades ago.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
When you give people specific information
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํƒœ์™€
05:52
about their health, where they stand,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
05:54
and where they want to get to, where they might get to,
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
that path, that notion of a path --
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์€
05:58
that tends to work for behavior change.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
So let me just spool it out a little bit.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
06:02
So you start with personalized data, personalized information
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๋จผ์ € ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋œ ์ •๋ณด์ฃ .
06:05
that comes from an individual,
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๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
and then you need to connect it to their lives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
You need to connect it to their lives,
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋Š”
06:12
hopefully not in a fear-based way, but one that they understand.
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๊ณตํฌ์‹ฌ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ทจํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Okay, I know where I sit. I know where I'm situated.
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์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ด์ œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And that doesn't just work for me in terms of abstract numbers --
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
06:20
this overload of health information
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€
06:22
that we're inundated with.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋„˜์น  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
But it actually hits home.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
06:26
It's not just hitting us in our heads; it's hitting us in our hearts.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฐ€์Šด์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
There's an emotional connection to information
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์ •๋ณด์—๋Š” ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
because it's from us.
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์ž์‹ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ •๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:32
That information then needs to be connected to choices,
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
needs to be connected to a range of options,
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
06:37
directions that we might go to --
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ
06:39
trade-offs, benefits.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:41
Finally, we need to be presented with a clear point of action.
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๋์œผ๋กœ, ์‹คํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช…์พŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
We need to connect the information
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ค์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ
06:46
always with the action,
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
and then that action feeds back
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ฒœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ๋˜์–ด
06:50
into different information,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
06:52
and it creates, of course, a feedback loop.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆœํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Now this is a very well-observed and well-established notion
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ฆฝ๋œ
06:57
for behavior change.
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ํƒœ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
But the problem is that things -- in the upper-right corner there --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ์ธก ์ƒ๋‹จ์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” '๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋œ ์ •๋ณด'์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
personalized data, it's been pretty hard to come by.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ต๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:04
It's a difficult and expensive commodity,
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์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
07:07
until now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
So I'm going to give you an example, a very simple example of how this works.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:12
So we've all seen these. These are the "your speed limit" signs.
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์ด๊ฑฐ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ณด์…จ์„ํ…๋ฐ์š”. "๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰์†๋„" ์•Œ๋ฆผํŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
You've seen them all around,
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์š”์ฆ˜ ๋ ˆ์ด๋” ์žฅ๋น„ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ„ ๋•์—
07:17
especially these days as radars are cheaper.
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:19
And here's how they work in the feedback loop.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
07:21
So you start with the personalized data
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์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ์ž๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
where the speed limit on the road that you are at that point
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์†๋„๋Š”
07:25
is 25,
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์‹œ์† 25๋งˆ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
and, of course, you're going faster than that.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:29
We always are. We're always going above the speed limit.
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๋Š˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ๋‹ค๋“ค ์ œํ•œ์†๋„ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณดํ†ต์ด์ฃ .
07:32
The choice in this case is pretty simple.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ง€๊ทนํžˆ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
We either keep going fast, or we slow down.
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๊ณ„์† ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€. ํ˜น์€ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€.
07:36
We should probably slow down,
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์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:38
and that point of action is probably now.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
We should take our foot off the pedal right now,
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ฐ€์†ํŽ˜๋‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์„ ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
and generally we do. These things are shown to be pretty effective
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ฃ . ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
07:46
in terms of getting people to slow down.
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๊ฝค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
They reduce speeds by about five to 10 percent.
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5์—์„œ 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ •๋„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:50
They last for about five miles,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ทธํ›„ 5๋งˆ์ผ ์ •๋„๋Š”
07:52
in which case we put our foot back on the pedal.
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๊ทธ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€์†ํŽ˜๋‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐŸ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
But it works, and it even has some health repercussions.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ . ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
Your blood pressure might drop a little bit.
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ํ˜ˆ์••์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:58
Maybe there's fewer accidents, so there's public health benefits.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋„ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋“์ธ ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
08:01
But by and large, this is a feedback loop
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์ž‘์šฉ์€
08:03
that's so nifty and too rare.
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๋งค์šฐ ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”์น˜๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Because in health care, most health care,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์˜๋ฃŒ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
08:08
the data is very removed from the action.
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์‹คํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌด์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
It's very difficult to line things up so neatly.
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์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ผ๋ชฉ์š”์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ฝค ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
08:14
But we have an opportunity.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
So I want to talk about, I want to shift now to think about
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€, ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ข€ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์„œ์š”.
08:18
how we deliver health information in this country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์™€
08:20
how we actually get information.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
This is a pharmaceutical ad.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์•ฝ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:26
Actually, it's a spoof. It's not a real pharmaceutical ad.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋””ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณธ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์•ฝ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
Nobody's had the brilliant idea
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์•ฝ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ 'ํ•˜๋น„๋Œ(Havidol)' ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ™์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”. (Havidol = Have-it-all ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ด๋ฆ„. ๋งŒ๋ณ‘ํ†ต์น˜์•ฝ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ)
08:30
of calling their drug Havidol quite yet.
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์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์—ฌํƒœ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
But it looks completely right.
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์ด๋ฆ„ ์ฐธ ์ž˜ ์ง€์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:36
So it's exactly the way we get
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
08:38
health information and pharmaceutical information,
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
and it just sounds perfect.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
08:43
And then we turn the page of the magazine,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žก์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ๋„˜๊ฒจ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
08:45
and we see this --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
08:48
now this is the page the FDA requires pharmaceutical companies
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ํ•™๊ตญ(FDA)์€ ์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ ๊ด‘๊ณ ์—๋Š”
08:51
to put into their ads, or to follow their ads,
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋„ฃ๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
and to me, this is one of the most cynical exercises in medicine.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š”, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด ๋ฐฐ๋ฐฐ๊ผฌ์•„ ๋†“์€ ์˜๊ณผ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์—์š”.
08:58
Because we know.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
09:00
Who among us would actually say that people read this?
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
09:02
And who among us would actually say
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ 
09:04
that people who do try to read this
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
09:06
actually get anything out of it?
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์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?
09:08
This is a bankrupt effort
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ํ—›์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋งŒ ํ•œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:10
at communicating health information.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:13
There is no good faith in this.
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์„ฑ์˜๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
09:15
So this is a different approach.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
09:17
This is an approach that has been developed
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์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹คํŠธ๋จธ์Šค ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ
09:20
by a couple researchers at Dartmouth Medical School,
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๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ์Šˆ์™ˆ์ธ ์™€ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ์›”๋กœ์‹  ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
09:23
Lisa Schwartz and Steven Woloshin.
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๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
And they created this thing called the "drug facts box."
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ฑ๋ถ„ํ‘œ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:28
They took inspiration from, of all things,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ '์บกํ‹ด ํฌ๋Ÿฐ์น˜'๋ผ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์—์„œ
09:30
Cap'n Crunch.
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ํžŒํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
They went to the nutritional information box
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์˜ ์˜์–‘์„ฑ๋ถ„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:35
and saw that what works for cereal, works for our food,
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ ,
09:38
actually helps people understand what's in their food.
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๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
God forbid we should use that same standard
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์บกํ‹ด ํฌ๋Ÿฐ์น˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
09:44
that we make Cap'n Crunch live by
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๋™์ผํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์„
09:46
and bring it to drug companies.
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์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:49
So let me just walk through this quickly.
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๋จผ์ € ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
It says very clearly what the drug is for, specifically who it is good for,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์•ฝ์ธ์ง€, ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
so you can start to personalize your understanding
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
of whether the information is relevant to you
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์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
09:58
or whether the drug is relevant to you.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งž๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ธ์ง€.
10:00
You can understand exactly what the benefits are.
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์œ ์ตํ•œ ์ ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
10:03
It isn't this kind of vague promise that it's going to work no matter what,
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋๋“  ์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•œ ์•ฝ์†์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
10:06
but you get the statistics for how effective it is.
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์ด ์•ฝ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:09
And finally, you understand what those choices are.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์–ด๋–ค ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
You can start to unpack the choices involved
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:14
because of the side effects.
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์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:16
Every time you take a drug, you're walking into a possible side effect.
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์•ฝ์„ ๋จน๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด, ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
So it spells those out in very clean terms,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:21
and that works.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒŒ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
So I love this. I love that drug facts box.
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์ „ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ฑ๋ถ„ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์š”.
10:25
And so I was thinking about,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ฐ,
10:27
what's an opportunity that I could have
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์—
10:29
to help people understand information?
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๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
10:32
What's another latent body of information that's out there
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋‚ด์šฉ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
10:36
that people are really not putting to use?
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๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
And so I came up with this: lab test results.
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์ด๊ฑธ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ . ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์„œ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
10:42
Blood test results are this great source of information.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์„œ์—๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
They're packed with information.
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์ •๋ณด๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ๋“ค์–ด ์ฐจ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:47
They're just not for us. They're not for people. They're not for patients.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์ด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
10:50
They go right to doctors.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
And God forbid -- I think many doctors, if you really asked them,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด๋„
10:55
they don't really understand all this stuff either.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์กฐ์ฐจ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชป ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
This is the worst presented information.
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์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ธ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
You ask Tufte, and he would say,
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ํ„ฐํ”„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:04
"Yes, this is the absolute worst presentation of information possible."
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”, ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚˜์œ ์ •๋ณด์ œ๊ณต ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"
11:07
What we did at Wired
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Wired ์žก์ง€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
11:09
was we went, and I got our graphic design department
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์ด ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•ด ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ 
11:11
to re-imagine these lab reports.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ๋””์ž์ธ ๋ถ€์„œ์— ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
So that's what I want to walk you through.
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
11:15
So this is the general blood work before,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
and this is the after, this is what we came up with.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
The after takes what was four pages --
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4์ชฝ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:22
that previous slide was actually
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์•ž์„œ ๋ณด์‹  ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์˜ ์ด์ „ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค
11:24
the first of four pages of data
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4์ชฝ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฒซ์žฅ๋งŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
that's just the general blood work.
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๋ณดํ†ต ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
11:28
It goes on and on and on, all these values, all these numbers you don't know.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๊ณ , ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ฐ’๋“ค, ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•Œ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
This is our one-page summary.
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์ด๊ฑด ํ•œ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ์š”.
11:34
We use the notion of color.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒ‰๊น”์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ–ˆ์ฃ .
11:36
It's an amazing notion that color could be used.
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์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ๋†€๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
So on the top-level you have your overall results,
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์ œ์ผ ์œ„์—๋Š” ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
11:42
the things that might jump out at you from the fine print.
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๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ธ€์”จ๋กœ๋„ ๋ˆˆ์— ์ž˜ ๋„๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Then you can drill down
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
11:47
and understand how actually we put your level in context,
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์ƒ‰์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด์„œ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
and we use color to illustrate
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
11:52
exactly where your value falls.
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์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
In this case, this patient is slightly at risk of diabetes
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
11:57
because of their glucose level.
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ํฌ๋„๋‹น ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:59
Likewise, you can go over your lipids
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ํ˜ˆ์ค‘์ง€๋ฐฉ๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:01
and, again, understand what your overall cholesterol level is
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋กค ์ˆ˜์น˜๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
and then break down into the HDL and the LDL if you so choose.
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ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ข‹์€ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋กค(HDL)๊ณผ ๋‚˜์œ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋กค(LDL)๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:07
But again, always using color
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์ด๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ, ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
12:09
and personalized proximity
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์ •๋ณด์— ์นœ์ˆ™ํ•ด ์ง€๋„๋ก
12:11
to that information.
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๊ฐœ์ธํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
All those other values,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค๊ณผ
12:15
all those pages and pages of values that are full of nothing,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์•„๋ฌด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
12:17
we summarize.
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์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
We tell you that you're okay, you're normal.
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์ •์ƒ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋˜์ฃ .
12:21
But you don't have to wade through it. You don't have to go through the junk.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ์ฝ์„ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ์“ธ๋ฐ์—†๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์•Œ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
And then we do two other very important things
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
that kind of help fill in this feedback loop:
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์ˆœํ™˜์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:28
we help people understand in a little more detail
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ
12:30
what these values are and what they might indicate.
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์ข€ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
12:33
And then we go a further step -- we tell them what they can do.
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ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:36
We give them some insight
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์–ด๋–ค ์„ ํƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
12:38
into what choices they can make, what actions they can take.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
So that's our general blood work test.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ตฌ์š”.
12:44
Then we went to CRP test.
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CRP(C-๋ฐ˜์‘์„ฑ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ) ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
In this case, it's a sin of omission.
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
They have this huge amount of space,
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์—ฌ๋ฐฑ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ๋„
12:50
and they don't use it for anything, so we do.
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์ „ํ˜€ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
Now the CRP test is often done
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๋ณดํ†ต CRP๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š”
12:54
following a cholesterol test,
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์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋กค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋’ค๋‚˜
12:56
or in conjunction with a cholesterol test.
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์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋กค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
So we take the bold step
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ
13:00
of putting the cholesterol information on the same page,
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ง€์— ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ๋กค ์ •๋ณด๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ด ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
which is the way the doctor is going to evaluate it.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:05
So we thought the patient might actually want to know the context as well.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ™˜์ž ์ž์‹ ๋„ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:08
It's a protein that shows up
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๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์ˆ˜์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋„ค์š”.
13:10
when your blood vessels might be inflamed,
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:12
which might be a risk for heart disease.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
What you're actually measuring
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์ธก์ •๋œ ๊ฐ’๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
13:16
is spelled out in clean language.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ค๋ช…๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Then we use the information
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‹คํ—˜๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์—
13:20
that's already in the lab report.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:22
We use the person's age and their gender
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๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์™€ ์„ฑ๋ณ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ
13:24
to start to fill in the personalized risks.
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๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
So we start to use the data we have
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ
13:29
to run a very simple calculation
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ
13:31
that's on all sorts of online calculators
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:33
to get a sense of what the actual risk is.
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์‹ค์ œ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์ฃ .
13:36
The last one I'll show you is a PSA test.
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๋์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”(PSA) ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Here's the before, and here's the after.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ด์ „ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋€ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
Now a lot of our effort on this one --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
as many of you probably know,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
13:45
a PSA test is a very controversial test.
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PSA๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
13:47
It's used to test for prostate cancer,
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์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•”์„ ํŒ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
13:49
but there are all sorts of reasons
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์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์ด ๋น„๋Œ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š”
13:51
why your prostate might be enlarged.
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๋งŽ์€ ์›์ธ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
13:53
And so we spent a good deal of our time
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๊ทธ ์ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€
13:55
indicating that.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
We again personalized the risks.
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๊ทธ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
13:59
So this patient is in their 50s,
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50๋Œ€์ธ ์ด ํ™˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
14:01
so we can actually give them a very precise estimate
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์•” ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ธ์ง€
14:03
of what their risk for prostate cancer is.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:05
In this case it's about 25 percent, based on that.
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์ด ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ 25% ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:08
And then again, the follow-up actions.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ๋Œ€์‘๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ฃ .
14:11
So our cost for this was less than 10,000 dollars, all right.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“ค์ธ ๋น„์šฉ์€ 10,000๋ถˆ๋„ ์ฑ„ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ ๋‹นํ•˜์ฃ .
14:14
That's what Wired magazine spent on this.
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๋น„์šฉ์€ ์™€์ด์–ด๋“œ ์žก์ง€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋‹ดํ–ˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
14:17
Why is Wired magazine doing this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์™€์ด์–ด๋“œ ์žก์ง€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
14:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:22
Quest Diagnostics and LabCorp,
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ํ€˜์ŠคํŠธ ๋‹ค์ด์•„๊ทธ๋…ธ์Šคํ‹ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋žฉ์ฝ”ํ”„ ๊ฐ™์€
14:24
the two largest lab testing companies --
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์ง„๋‹จ์ „๋ฌธํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€
14:27
last year, they made profits of over 700 million dollars
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์ž‘๋…„์— ํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” 7์–ต๋ถˆ ์ด์ƒ,
14:30
and over 500 million dollars respectively.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” 5์–ต๋ถˆ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
Now this is not a problem of resources;
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๊ธˆ์ „์  ์žฌ์›์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:35
this is a problem of incentives.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์œ ๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
We need to recognize that the target of this information
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์€, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด
14:41
should not be the doctor, should not be the insurance company.
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์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณดํ—˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
14:44
It should be the patient.
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ํ™˜์ž์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
It's the person who actually, in the end,
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์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
14:48
is going to be having to change their lives
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
14:50
and then start adopting new behaviors.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ™˜์ž ์ž์‹ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:52
This is information that is incredibly powerful.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
It's an incredibly powerful catalyst to change.
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ํƒœ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ธฐํญ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
14:57
But we're not using it. It's just sitting there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•ด ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:59
It's being lost.
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๋†“์ณ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
15:01
So I want to just offer four questions
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
15:03
that every patient should ask,
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ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
because I don't actually expect people
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:07
to start developing these lab test reports.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
15:09
But you can create your own feedback loop.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ˆœํ™˜์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
Anybody can create their feedback loop by asking these simple questions:
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๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์ˆœํ™˜์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
Can I have my results?
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๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
15:16
And the only acceptable answer is --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ์˜ค์ง --
15:18
(Audience: Yes.) -- yes.
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(์ฒญ์ค‘: ๋„ค) -- ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
15:20
What does this mean? Help me understand what the data is.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ ? ์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
15:22
What are my options? What choices are now on the table?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ์ฃ ? ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ค‘ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ด์•ผํ•˜์ฃ ?
15:25
And then, what's next?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
15:27
How do I integrate this information
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์‚ถ์„ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
15:29
into the longer course of my life?
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์ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
15:32
So I want to wind up by just showing
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
that people have the capacity to understand this information.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค๋“ค ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:36
This is not beyond the grasp of ordinary people.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ณดํ†ต ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
You do not need to have the education level of people in this room.
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ํ•™์‹์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋„์›€๋„ ํ•„์š”์—†์ฃ .
15:42
Ordinary people are capable of understanding this information,
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
if we only go to the effort of presenting it to them
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์ด ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ
15:48
in a form that they can engage with.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
15:50
And engagement is essential here,
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์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
because it's not just giving them information;
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์ •๋ณด๋งŒ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:54
it's giving them an opportunity to act.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
That's what engagement is. It's different from compliance.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ .
15:58
It works totally different from the way we talk about behavior
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์˜ํ•™๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š”
16:01
in medicine today.
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
And this information is out there.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
I've been talking today about latent information,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ •๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:07
all this information that exists in the system
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ฒด๊ณ„์•ˆ์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๋Š˜ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
that we're not putting to use.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
16:11
But there are all sorts of other bodies of information
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๋”๊ตฐ๋‹ค๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค๋„
16:13
that are coming online,
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์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
and we need to recognize the capacity of this information
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
to engage people, to help people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ณ 
16:20
and to change the course of their lives.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ถ์˜ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
16:22
Thank you very much.
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๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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